chapter8CulturalinfluencesonContextsSectionOne大学英语跨文化交际教学课件
大学跨文化英语综合教程IUnit8ConsideringCulturalDiversity语言点
Text A1.Many individuals are likely to have been exposed to only one culture. — It is highly possible that many people have only experienced one culture.be likely to: indicate the chance that sth. will happen 有可能e.g. Do remind me of the meeting because I am likely to forget. Tickets are likely to be expensive.expose vt. let sb. fnd out about sth. by giving them experience of it or showing them what it is like使接触，使体验e.g. Some children were never exposed to classical music.We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.2.... use the framework of our own culture to interpret events. — ... give meaning to events in other cultures based on what we have learned in our culture.framework n. a set of beliefs, ideas or rules that is used as the basis for making judgements, decisions, etc.观点，准则e.g. We may not agree on all the specifics of a common framework.The report provides a framework for further research.interpret vt. explain the meaning of sth.解释，阐释e.g. The old man is good at interpreting the meaning of dreams.The students were asked to interpret the poem.3.broaden one,s perspective: open one,s mind, enrich one,s thoughts 开阔某人的视野e.g. The novel is written to broaden a child's perspective.Traveling to a new country can broaden our perspective.4.... you will get an idea of life that is very different from the one you get from thinking about Europeans or North Americans. —... you will learn that ordinary life in Asia and Africa arevery different from that in Europe or North America.5.attribute n. quality, feature 属性，特征e.g. What attributes should a good manager possess?Both men possess the attributes we want in a political leader.6.Face-to-face conflict is usually avoided by not saying something unpleasant. —People in this village prefer not to say anything unpleasant to avoid arguments or fights. conflict n. a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument 冲突e.g. The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts.She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.7.additional a. more than was first mentioned or is usual 额外的e.g. Additionalinformation can be obtained from the center.The government is providing an additional £25 million to expand the service.8.disturbed a. very anxious or unhappy about sth. 心烦意乱的e.g. He seems verydisturbed about his work lately.I was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news.9.put sb. on the spot: put sb. in a difficult and embarrassing situation 使某人处于尴尬境地e.g. If this picture appears in the paper tomorrow, he,ll be put on the spot.That question about his marital status really put him on the spot.10.... conflict is usually followed by one of the people leaving the scene without explanation, confrontation, or argument. 一 ... if disagreement occurs, one of the people will choose to leave without bothering to explain, face or argue with each other. confrontation n. a situation in which there is an angry disagreement between people or groups who have different opinions冲突，对峙e.g. The issue has caused great tension between the two countries and could lead to a military confrontation.She wanted to avoid another confrontation with her father.11.As a result, many families dissolved with little ceremon y 一 This resulted in many families falling apart quickly and casually.as a result: therefore 结果，因此e.g. He had made good preparations for the competition. As a result, he won the first prize.Workers were not supportive of the new leader. As a result, a strike took place. dissolve vi. officially end 解散，结束e.g. Half an hour later, the party began to dissolve.All of these will dissolve into nothingness.12.Throughout the world, religion governs the lives of many people. 一 All over the world, religion plays a dominant role in many people,s lives and controls the way they live their lives.govern vt. control or influence the way that sth. happens, functions, etc.控制，支配e.g. The universe is governed by the laws of physics.Prices are very much governed by market demand.13.However, the extent to which this is true varies enormously from culture to culture. 一 The degree that religion can influence many people,s lives is different from one culture to another.vary from ... to ...: different from one another 各不相同e.g. In this company, salary scales vary from one position to another.The cost of a hotel room varies from season to season.14.frequently ad. happening very often频繁地，屡次地e.g. Buses run frequently between the city and the airport.Limestone （石灰石）was frequently used as a building material.15.discharge vt. release force or power 放（电）e.g. It can,t discharge electricity if it,s not connected properly.Lightning is caused by clouds discharging electricity.16.spiritual a. relating to the spirit rather than to the body or physical things 精神的e.g. Painting helps fill a spiritual need for beauty.We're concerned about your spiritual welfare.17.Illness is not considered a major problem; instead it is viewed as a spiritual event.——When people fall ill, they tend to think that their soul need to be cleansed rather than there is something wrong with their body.18.Traditional healing is widely used in Africa than is modern medicine and the obvious question is “why?”. —In Africa, traditional medical treatments are preferredover modern medicine, and the question that readers would most likely ask is why. healing n. the process of becoming or making sb./sth. healthy again治疗，康复e.g. Dogs were also associated with healing in the ancient world.This can promote the healing of the wound.19.derive ... from: develop or obtain sth. from sth. else 源于，从 .. 中获得e.g. This word is derived from Latin.He derived great pleasure from painting.20.inhabit vt. live in a particular place居住在，栖居于e.g. The woods are inhabited by many wild animals.I have no idea what sort of people inhabit the area.21.It thus is up to a traditional healer, who has the abilit y to “control” the spirits.—It is the responsibility of the person good at using traditional healing methods to make the spirits feel at ease.be up to: be the responsibility of sb., be decided by取决于……的，须由……决定的e.g. It is up to the manager to make the final decision whether to fire him or not.When you cut the grass is up to you.22.Do not look down on these healers; they are by no means ineffective — Do not take these healers lightly, because the methods they use are effective.by no means: definitely not 并不，绝不e.g. By no means will she go out with him.I will by no means trust a guy like him.ineffective a. not having any effect 无效果的e.g. The chemical was almost totally ineffective in killing the weeds.Various drugs have proved ineffective against the virus.23.award vt. officially give sb. a prize or money to reward them for sth. they havedone颁奖e.g. The judge awarded me the first prize.A Nobel Prize was awarded to Walksman in 1952.24.extensive a. covering a wide range of details, ideas, or items广泛的，全面的e.g.Extensive research has been done into this disease.His knowledge of music is extensive.25.classify vt. decide which group sb. or sth. belongs to 将.. 分类，将... 归类e.g. In law, beer is classified as a food product.Families are classified according to the father,s occupation.26.systematic a. done according to a system or plan, in a thorough, efficient ordetermined way 系统的e.g. They went about their business in a systematic way.There is a systematic approach to solving the problem.27.African healers learn about plant attributes and uses from their teachers, whoin turn learned from traditions developed over 1,000 years of trial and error.— African traditional healers learn about the qualities, features and uses of plants from their teachers; whereas their teachers learned about these from traditionsachieved through over 1,000 years of repeated experimentstrial and error: a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes 反复试验e.g. It requires a process of trial and error before a new drug goes into production.She feels that raising her children has been a matter of trial and error.28.occasional a. happening or doing sth. sometimes but not ofen 偶然的e.g. He made occasional visits to London.He works for us on an occasional basis.29.acquire vt. gain sth. by your own efforts, ability or behavior得到，获得e.g. He spentyears acquiring his skills as a surgeon.Elsie has acquired a good knowledge of Chinese after studying in this university for half a year.Text B1.diverse a. very different from each other and of various kinds不同的，多种多样的e.g. There is a diverse range of opinions on the issue.Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics. 2.dominate vt. control or have a lot of influence over sb./sth.支配，控制e.g. He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting.They work as a group — no one is allowed to dominate.3.modify vt. make small changes to sth. in order to improve it and make it more suitable or effective 修改e.g. The club members agreed to modify their recruitment policy.The software we use has been modified for us.4.at length: in detail 详尽地e.g. I plan to revisit this topic at length in the next few articles.She talked at length about the problem.5.English copes with concepts such as contract deadlines and stock futures (Zulu doesn't)b ut our language is seen as poverty-stricken and inadequately descriptive by Africans and Amerindians whose languages abound in finely wrought, beautifully logical descriptions of nature, causation, repetition, duration, and result. — In English, we have developed a rich vocabulary for modern business, which the language of Zulu lacks. However, in the eyes of the Africans and Amerindians, compared to their languages, English seems to be poorer in vocabulary and does not provide enough words for daily use. Their languages can give detailed description about nature, about causes and effects, about events that happen from time to time, about time, and about outcomes.cope with: deal with 处理，应对e.g. He can cope with the present situation.To cope with these data, hospitals bought large mainframe computers. descriptive a. giving a description of sth. 描述的e.g. General data is analyzed by descriptive analysis.The essay begins with a richly descriptive introductory chapter.abound vi. be present in large numbers or in great quantity富裕，充满e.g. Mistakes abound on every page.Apples abound here all the year round.6.persist vi. continue to do sth., although other people oppose it 坚持e.g. If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss.The government is persisting with its ambitious public works programme.7.retreat vi. move away from sb./sth.后退e.g. Attacks by enemy aircrafts forced the tanks to retreat from the city.When she came towards me shouting, I retreated behind my desk.8.indicate vt. show that sth. exists or is true 表明e.g. Please indicate which free gif you would like to receive.Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school.9.vibrate vi. shake quickly and continuously with very small movements摆动，震动e.g. The whole station seemed to vibrate as the express train rushed through.His voice vibrated with anger.10.•・• he got to 39 without even raising a s—eat it did not take him much effort to com e up with 39 words of “green” in Zulu.11.evident a. easy to see, notice, or understand 显然的，明显的e.g. It is evident that he is not equal to the job.It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made.12.adopt vt. start to use a particular method or show a particular attitude towards sb./sth.采用，采取e.g. It was a most fruitful discussion, with both sides agreeing to adopt a common policy.Since our research has not produced any answers to this problem so far, we need to adopt a different approach to it.13.Just as seeing with two eyes gives us stereoscopic vision, and a sense of depth, thinking in two different languages gives us added dimensions of reality. — Using two eyes together enables us to see the world in three dimensions (i.e., width, length and depth). Similarly, being able to speak more than one language also broadens our mind with different world views.14.striking a. unusual or interesting enough to be easily noticed 显著的，不同寻常的e.g. The most striking feature of those statistics is the high proportion of suicides.We observe a striking shift away from a labor theory among all mainline economists.15.observable a. capable of being seen or noticed看得见的，观察得到的e.g. Mars is too faint and too low in the sky to be observable.Judgment is based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices.16.primitive a. belonging to a very simple society with no industry, etc. 原始的e.g. Primitive humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals.It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.17.be awake to understand a situation and its possible effects注意到，意识到e.g. A pilot must be awake to changes in the weather.You need to be fully awake to the danger of leaving your belongingsunattended while traveling alone.18.reverse opposite to what is usual or to what has just been stated 相反的e.g. Thewrong attitude will have exactly the reverse effect.Can you say the alphabet in reverse order?。
跨文化交际-黑龙江大学-崔常亮老师-chapter 8 (2)
Biomedical Approach
• People are thought to be controlled by biochemical forces
Family and Gender Roles in the Health Care Context
The health care system in the United States typically focuses solely on the individual patient. In Latin America, competent treatment for patiens may require the involvement and agreement of other family members.
The Educational Context
The Health Care Context
Culture's Influence
Management
Business Etiquette Norms
Culture's Influence
Culture's Influence
Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers Classroom Participation Turn Taking
CONCLUSIONS:
• There is a big difference between teaching and learning. • The teacher needs to understand how the learner learns and what the learner learns. • Language learning requires raising cultural awareness. • Learning a target language requires a positive attitude towards the target culture.
Cultural Influences on Contexts
Firstly you can gain valuable insight into a culture by studying its perception and approach to education.
韩国学校强调道德教育。 老师在学习领域上承担领导地位并且家长认为老师有责任管教他们的孩子。
（Elements valued） Group solidarity and conformity are both goals of the Korean educational system. Students take all their classes together and all students wear badges and uniforms.
（Authority of teachers） Korean schools emphasized moral education. Teachers are expected to assume leadership in these areas and parents hold teachers responsible for disciplining their children.
Part3
Different education between Korea ，Japan and Mexico
The relationship between culture, education and schools
I t w i l l form different cultures in different regions, and in addition to achieving cultural heritage from d a l i y life, the more important form is education.
跨文化交际第七章
Thank You!
1.2 Value Conflicts in the Workplace
Cultures differ in people's value orientations, and these differences sometimes cause conflict in the workplace. Religious practices Human rights
1.1 The Importance of Diversity in Advertising
Example: Nordstrom (诺德斯特龙百货公司) At the beginning, it presents persons of color as models in their catalogs. Now, over one-third of the models display diverse characteristics. It also features persons with disabilities in their advetisements. It pays particular attention to its multicultural market and creats a special boutique of women's clothing in petite sizes .
Value conflicts
Language problems The rapid increase of women Racial and ethnic discrimination
1.2 Value Conflicts in the Workplace
跨文化chapter8
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
3.Management in Germany
In Germany, the manager is not a cultural hero. In fact, Germans do not have a very strong concept of management.
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences in the Contexts
Learning objectives :
Chapter 11Global Social Customs and Business Etiquette
Lead-in case: How Do Students Learn?
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
TEXT B The Business Context
Culture’s Influence on the Business Context Management Business Etiquette Norms
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
The Date for Business
In Saudi Arabia, no business is conducted during Aid-al-Fitr—the three-day festival of breaking fast at the end of the month of Ramadan—and Aid-al-Adha—the three-day feast of sacrifice. In Japan, business is not conducted during New Year’s holidays, Golden Week (April 29 to May 5), and Obon (in mid-August), because many people travel to the graves of their ancestors. In Israel, the Jewish holy day, the Sabbath begins at sunset on Friday and ends at sunset on Saturday.
怎样才能赢在未来英语作文
To excel in the future and succeed in English composition,one must adopt a strategic approach that encompasses various aspects of language learning and personal development.Here are several key steps to consider:1.Master the Basics:A strong foundation in grammar,vocabulary,and sentence structure is essential.Regular practice and review of these fundamentals will help you construct clear and coherent sentences.2.Expand Your Vocabulary:Continuously learn new words and idiomatic expressions. This will enrich your writing and allow you to express complex ideas more effectively.3.Read Widely:Exposure to a variety of texts,including literature,newspapers,and academic articles,will help you understand different writing styles and improve your comprehension skills.4.Practice Writing Regularly:Writing practice is crucial for improvement.Set aside time each day to write essays,summaries,or even journal entries to refine your skills.5.Learn from Feedback:Seek constructive criticism from teachers,peers,or online e this feedback to identify areas for improvement and work on them diligently.6.Understand Cultural Contexts:English is a global language with diverse cultural influences.Understanding these contexts can help you write more culturally sensitive and relevant compositions.7.Develop Critical Thinking:Good essays often require more than just language skills they require the ability to think critically and present wellreasoned arguments.e Technology:Utilize language learning apps,online courses,and writing tools to enhance your learning experience and receive instant feedback.9.Participate in Englishspeaking Communities:Engaging in conversations,forums,or social media groups where English is the primary language can improve your fluency and understanding of colloquialisms.10.Set Personal Goals:Define what success looks like for you in terms of English composition.Whether its writing a perfect essay,achieving a high score on an exam,or simply feeling more confident in your writing,having clear goals can motivate you to work harder.11.Stay Updated with Language Trends:Language is dynamic,and staying current with new words,phrases,and usage can make your writing more contemporary and engaging.12.Experiment with Different Genres:Trying your hand at different types of writing, such as descriptive,narrative,persuasive,and expository,can help you become a more versatile writer.13.Cultivate Creativity:Dont be afraid to express your unique voice and ideas.Creativity can set your writing apart and make it more memorable.14.Manage Time Effectively:Learning to manage your time well will allow you to dedicate enough time to each aspect of your English composition preparation.15.Stay Motivated:Keep your end goal in sight and remind yourself why you want to excel in English composition.This motivation can help you push through challenges and maintain a positive attitude towards learning.By integrating these strategies into your learning routine,you will be well on your way to winning in the future of English composition.Remember,success in language learning is a journey that requires patience,persistence,and a commitment to continuous improvement.。
仁爱版英语八下知识树
Relationship
This is a very important word in the field of love, which refers to the emotional connection and interaction between people It is the basis of love and marriage
Vocabulary
02
Expand vocabulary and understand different means and uses of words
Grammar
03
Master the basic grammar rules and presence patterns, and understand the functions and uses of different parts of speech
Figure
Read classic English novels, short stories, and other literary works to improve reading comprehension and language expression
Magazine
Read English language magazines, such as Time, Newsweek, The Economist, to improve reading comprehension and expand vocabulary
工作总结
Report
单击此处添加文本
Reading comprehension
单击此处添加文本
Vocabulary and Grammar
Cultural Influences on Context
• Although reading, writing and mathematics are emphasized, oral language is not.
• Prestige in Japan is determined almost entirely by education. • the Japanese have a correspondingly high regard for educators. • As they are esteemed as role models, they arior at all times.
• •
1. private schools called juku 2. Japanese parents view education as the single most important factor in their children’s future success.
Education in Mexico
• correct conduct, gender-role expectations, respect and so on
Educational differences
• Most cultures that have formal educational systems teach much the same content---reading, mathematics, writing, and so forth---but educational differences can be found in what a culture emphasizes and how the content is taught.
• Group solidarity and conformity are both goals of the Korean educational system. • students take all their classes together and all students wear badges and uniforms.
Intercultural conmmunication Exercises
Intercultural CommunicationExercisesPart I True or FalseDirections: There are 40 statements in this part. Read each statement and decide whether it is true or false. If it is true, choose “T”; if it is false, choose “F”. You should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single letter through the centre.1. A language is a set of symbols that a cultural group has agreed to use to create meaning andthe symbols and their meanings are often arbitrary.2.What we can see about culture is just the tip of the iceberg; the majority of it is intangible,beyond sight.3.Culture can be compared to the rules of the game everybody is playing in any particularsociety.4.Parents often teach us the norms and rules of our culture by modeling how to behave andcorrecting us when we violate them.5.In China, most children are asked from a very early age to make their own decisions.6.Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.7.Culture is a dynamic system that is changing constantly.8.The idea of saving and thrift is considered as a very important Confucian principle.9.In its most general sense communication refers to the share or exchange of information, ideas,views, feelings, emotions, etc.10.Individualism, often regarded as the fundamental value held by Westerners, places moreimportance on personal competence and interdependence.11.Chinese people are more assertive and tend to make decisions for themselves instead ofconsulting their colleagues or others around them.12.Nowadays, with the rise of globalization, the two values: individualism and collectivismbegin to merge.13.In collectivistic society, people are encouraged to speak their mind and tell the truth, so theyshow their opinions directly.14.In individualistic cultures, it is more likely that children are encouraged to form and expressopinions.15.Americans generally do not try to mask their emotions and are much less concerned with“face” - avoiding embarrassment to themselves or others.16.In low-context culture, much information is implied in the context.17.Most cultures contain both high-context characteristics and low-context characteristics, butusually there is a clear tendency toward one end of the continuum or the other.18.Conversations in a low-context culture tend to be clear, to the point, and more explicit, withlow dependence on the use of nonverbal codes.19.One reason for the indirect and subtle nature of the low-context communication is people’sgreat concern over “face”.20.The notions of equality lead Americans to be quite informal in their general behavior and intheir relationships with other people.21.Americans are generally more concerned about history and traditions than Chinese.22.For most Americans, voluntary idleness often is seen as a severely threatening and damagingsocial condition.23.For most Americans, work represents a cluster of moral and affective conditions of greatattractiveness.24.It is very common in the West to ask someone how much they paid for a particular item.25.In the individualistic culture, the interest of the individual prevails over the interests of thegroup.26.All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved mayvary significantly.27.The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.28.Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans.29.Americans tend to be self-effacing in their compliment responses.30.Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing forcompliments.31.Chinese hospitality toward the Westerners is always greatly appreciated.32.In past-oriented cultures, there is a strong belief that the past should be the guide for makingdecisions.33.People, who are future-oriented, consider how much they may earn in the future and decidethe expenditure.34.Chinese TV and radio broadcasters speak faster than their American counterparts.tin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-time cultures.36.Chinese people tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standingbeside them.37.Euphemism means the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh,blunt, or offensive.38.Honeymoon period is the first period of the culture adaptation where everything is new andexciting.39.Stereotype is assuming that a person has certain qualities (good or bad) just because the person is amember of a special group.40.Ethnocentrism refers to negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards ofone’s own culture.Part II Language Appropriacy and AccuracyDirections: There are 50 statements or questions in this part. Each has a part underlined which describes a verbal or nonverbal behavior in intercultural interaction. Read each statement or question and decide whether the underlined part is appropriate or inappropriate. If it is appropriate, choose “A”; if it is inappropriate, choose “I”. You should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single letter through the centre.1.When the guests arrive, Western hosts or hostesses usually say, “Thank you for coming!”2.You lent money to an American generously, and said, “Don’t mention it again. You don’thave to pay me back.”3.On a cold winter day Wang Ping met Professor Brown on his way to the library. Wang saidto him: “It’s rather cold. You’d better wear more clothes.”4.In a Western meal, you’re offered a second helping, but you have already had enough. Yousay: “That is delicious, but I've already had plenty, thanks.”5.In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they havefinished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop.He says: “Follow me!”6.On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too. Liasked: “Are you going to the film?”7.Jack phones Jane’s office. Jack: “Hello, I’d like to speak to Jane, please.” Jane: “This isJane speaking.”8.In America, a man was trying to make his way through the gangway (过道) of a crowdedtrain. The way to his seat was blocked by a lady carrying several packages. He wanted to ask her to make a way for him, saying, “Excuse me. Make a way please.”9.Your friend’s mother, Mrs. Keeler, asked if you would like something to eat. You refusedpolitely: “No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch.”10.In London, you want to go to the Heathrow Airport by taxi, you say to the taxi driver:“Excuse me, would you possibly take me to Heathrow airport?”11.Simon, from America, taught English in a Chinese university, One day, the director of theEnglish Department informed Simon that he planned a journey to the nearby mountains.Simon said, “Sorry, I have a plan this weekend.”12.Mrs. Brown, in her late forties, came to lecture, wearing a new dress. One of her studentssaid to her: “You look nice and younger wearing this dress.”13.Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone minds him smoking.One of the friends in the car, Gillian, is allergic to smoke. She says: “Would you mind if I say no, Patrick?”14.Betty is a foreign student in China. She has met Peng Fei. Betty: “I was told that you wonthe 100-metre race in the all-city track meet this morning. Congratulations!” Peng:“I can’t say I did well this morning.”15.Xu Cheng happened to meet Jones at the bank when Jones was withdrawing money. Xusaid jokingly to him: “You’re really a millionaire.”16.You have spent an afternoon with your foreign teacher, Mr. Good. You have just got to go.Mr. Good: “Do drop around and visit us some time.” You: “Thank you, I will.”17.You address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as “Lawyer Douglas”.18.You are a guest in a British or American friend’s home. Your friend asks if you would likesomething to drink. You really would like a drink. You say: “Yes, that would be lovely.”19.Yang Yang invited a Canadian friend, Julia, to her home for a meal. The dinner was readyand they were sitting at the table. There were so many dishes and they all looked delicious.Yang Yang said, “I’m sorry I’m not a very good cook and have just prepared so little.”20.Wang Lin called at one of his foreign friend’s house. He was really impressed by thebeautiful curtains made by his friend’s wife. He said to her: “Well, I didn’t expect you could make such pretty curtains.”21.Li Ming had something to tell Mr. Smith, the head of the department, so he went to hisoffice, entered it and said to him: “Can I have a word with you, Mr. Smith?”22.Li Hua invited an American friend, Ann, to his home. After Ann entered the room, Li Huasaid, “My room is very small and untidy. Please sit down and have a cup of tea. You must be tired.”23.Mary came to Zhang Mei’s birthday party and brought her a present wrapped in a nice box.Zhang Mei unwrapped the box in M ary’s presence and praised the present.24.Dr. Jones, your supervisor, telephoned to invite you to have dinner with his family. Youreplied: “Thank you. All right. I’ll try to come.”25.If you have a question to ask your foreign teacher of English, you may say goodbye to himand leave immediately after you have got the answer and expressed your gratitude.26.Dr. Smith, over 60, invited Li Bing to his birthday party. Li Bing brought him a China godof longevity as a present.27.When you want to compliment your English f riend’s new coat, you can say: “I like yournew coat.”28.If you are invited to dinner by one of your English-speaking friends, you may bring thehostess some fruit as a present.29.In English speaking countries, if one touches another person accidentally, he or she usuallymakes an apology.30.When you are eating with an English friend, you wish him: “Good appetite!”31.Mrs. Godwin was about the same age as Li Ming’s grandmother, so Li called her“Grandma.”32.If you don’t quite understand a native speaker of English and therefore want him to repeatan utterance, you say: “I beg your pardon, please.”33.Liu Hui recently moved to Los Angeles as a sales representative for a company. It’s earlyDecember and Liu knows this is the season many businesses give gifts to their clients. Liu buys a bottle of perfume for one of his client, Ann, and has it wrapped in red paper34.When you break a plate in one of your friend’s house, you say: “I’m awfully sorry, but Iseem to have broken a plate.”35.The best answer to the invitation “You really must come and see us one of these days.” maybe “Thank you very much. I love meeting English people.”36.The appropriate answer to the question “Who’s that crossing the street?” is “She’s Mary.”37.In public places, when a smoker says to you “Would you mind if I smoke?” You mayanswer: “Yes, please.”38.One of your foreign friends gives you a gift. Friend: “Here is a little something for you. Ihope that you like it.” You: “No, no. I really can’t accept it.”39.In America, people often fall in chairs, put their feet on their desks, sit on the carpeted floor,or slouch when they stand.40.One American friend invited a visiting scholar from China to watch a movie. America:What kind of movie do you like? Chinese: I don’t care. It’s up to you. Any movie you like will be fine.41.Mr. Green’s secretary, Pat Kent, went to the airport to meet Mr. Barnes for her boss. MissKent: “Excuse me, would you be Mr. Barnes?”42.If you study as a graduate student in the U.S.A., you should always try to avoid telephoningyour American classmates at sometime later than 11 p.m. unless there is an emergency. 43.In America a Chinese praised one of his colleagues, “Your skin is very white!”44.If you are a male and introduced to an English speaking lady, you do not take the initiativein shaking hands unless she holds out her hand first.45.Li Ming, a Chinese high school English teacher, met his American friend, Sunny, atTian’anmen Square. After greeting and chatting for a while. Sunny said. “Nice meeting you.” The Chinese teacher continued talking.46.In western countries, when you feel ill and want to go and see a doctor, it is good idea tomake an appointment before you go.47.In America, when one person gets in an elevator with another person already in the elevator,they exchange a brief smile.48.In America, in public speaking, a speaker reads a speech instead of looking at and talking tohis audience.49.Western mothers usually like Chinese to touch their babies or small children.50.In U.K., using the “V”sign to mean “victory”, you can do it with the palm facing outwardsor inwards.Part III TranslationDirections: Give the Chinese equivalents of the following expressions. Please write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1.early bird 早起或者早到者2.big bug 大人物3.fat cat 事业成功者4.lucky dog (bird) 幸运儿5.top dog 头领6.white elephant 无用的东西7.night owl 夜猫子8.black sheep 害群之马9.turn chicken 胆怯起来10.talk horse 吹牛11.play the peacock 沾沾自喜12.cry wolf 愚弄他人；发假警报13.drink like a fish 牛饮14.tread upon eggs 如履薄冰15.fish in the air 水中捞月16.rain cat s and dogs 大雨倾盆17.flea market 跳蚤市场（旧货市场）18.crocodile tears 假慈悲19.as wet as a drowned rat 湿得像落汤鸡20.as strong as a horse 壮如牛21.as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠22.as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪23.like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁24.the apple of somebody’s eye 掌上明珠25.red light district 红灯区; 色情场所26.catch sb. red-handed 当场抓获27.red rag 让人生气的东西28. a red letter day 节假日; 纪念日29.to be in the red 亏损; 负债; 赤字30.yellow ribbon 黄丝带(表示欢迎归来)31.yellow dog 卑鄙小人32.yellow looks 尖酸多疑的神情33.blue film 黄色电影34.in a blue mood 情绪低落35.white lie不怀恶意的谎言36.grey hair 白头发37.black tea 红茶38.brown sugar 红糖39.green-eyed 眼红的；嫉妒的40. a green hand 生手，易上当受骗的人41.green goods 新鲜货42. a green old age 老当益壮43.shoe rebuilder 修鞋匠ndscape engineer 园林工人45.sanitation engineer 清洁工46.senior citizens 老人47.Spend money like water. 挥金如土48.Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。
Unit8 西方文化导论
Text Study
Supplementary Resources
Get Started
Get Started
1. A General Introduction 2. Focus In
Get Started
Get Started
The 18th and 19th centuries were not only an important period for political stage, but also a period of important cultural change. A great host of forms and styles came to the fore in the scene of Western literature and art. They included romanticism, realism and naturalism. Generally realism is based on the mode of reproducing reality, while romanticism focuses on emotion and nature and ontological naturalism refers more to reality being limited to the observable world. The 18th-century Enlightenment firmly established the rational capacity of the Europeans. But by the end of the century and into the early part of the 19th century, people began to realize that man is an emotional and organic individual. Therefore, the man of reason became the new man
跨文化交际教案英文版chapter 6 culture's influence on perception
Chapter VI Culture’s Influence on PerceptionⅠTeaching Objectives1. To identify Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and cultivate students to be able to understand thevarious implications of cultural values for international communication2. To identify how culture affects sensing3. To identify the process of human perception4.To identify the distinction between high and low context culturesⅡLeading inⅢT eaching ProceduresStep1Have students look at the following lead-in pictures:Ask students warming-up questions:What can you see in these pictures?What kind of ability do you employ to identify these pictures?Step26.1SensingGeneral IntroductionSensation is the neurological process by which people become aware of their environment. Of human senses, sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch are the most studied.The Human Information Receptor People’s Senses and Their LimitationsTactile StimuliOlfactic Stimuli(Smell of exhaustfumes)Auditory Stimuli’s police whistle)Tactile Stimuli(other pedestrian bumps into you)to you)Auditory Stimuli(car horns)Visual Stimuli(color ofstoplight)Visual Stimuli(officer directingTaste StimuliTaste Stimuli(flavor of bitter)e. TouchTouch may simply be considered as one of five human senses; however, when a person touches something or somebody, this gives rise to various feelings. Thus the term "touch" is actually the combined term for several senses.Effects of Culture on SensingDuring intercultural communication, many of the stimuli come from the cultural, microcultural, andenvironmental context.No two of us can assume that our sensations are the same. The routefrom stimulus to sensation is in part conditioned by culture.Stinky tofu (Strong-smelling preserved bean curd) is disfavored by quite a large number of people,however, it is favored greatly by people in the south, esp. in Hunan Province.6.2 PerceivingThe Process of PerceptionThe process of perception can be divided into three stages: selection, organization, and interpretation. a. SelectionThe first step is selection. Within their physiological limitations, people are exposed to more stimuli than they could possibly manage.b. OrganizationThe second step is organization. Along with selecting stimuli from the environment, peoplemust organize it in some meaningful way.What are they doing?Culture can affect the process of perception when communication takes place. When communicators come from different cultures, however, not only the meanings, but also the mental categories are very different.Cross-cultural Difference in Sensation and PerceptionThere are four reasons for which people differ across cultures in their ability to gather incoming information:a. Conditions of the physical environmentb. Indirect environmental conditionsc. Genetic differencesd. Cultural differences in how people interact with their environment 6.3 High versus Low ContextHave students listen tothe lead-in case High-context Culture and Low-context culture .Ask students warming-up questions:● Why did the Chinese doctor feel unhappy and distressed?● What are the differences in ways of expression between the Chinese doctor and the Canadiandoctor?● Are the differences in their ways of expression and their communicative conflicts caused, tosome extent, by the different cultures in which they were brought up? ⏹ High-Context CultureCultures in which little of the meaning is determined by the context because the message is encoded in the explicit code are labeled low-context culture.An American standing on chair in restaurantgiving speech at his leaving his hometown⏹Low-Context CultureCultures in which less has to be said or written because more of the meaning is in the physical environment or already shared by people are labeled high-context culture.Tea Ceremony⏹Comparisons Between High-Context Culture and Low-Context CultureIn low-context cultures, verbal messages are elaborate and highly specific. Logic and reasoning are expressed in verbal messages; in high-cultures, most of the information is either in the physical context or internalized in the person.Case Analysis: Chinese Style—Nonverbals●What are the differences in communication styles between the Chinese old scholar and thewestern traveler?●Can you imagine some problems or communicative barriers caused by differentcommunication styles of high-context and low-context culture.Do you think they will have communication problemsdue to their different communication styles.Step3Distinguishing between High-context Culture and Low-context Culture:辨别高语境文化和低语境文化：教师通过辨别不同的文化现象引导学生了解高语境文化和低语境文化。
跨文化交际修改9-1
Misunderstandings from ineffective communication cause many people to suffer needlessly.
(page223)
Contents
9.1 Explanations, Treatment, and Prevention of Illness
The Importance of Examining The Health Care Setting…… Why is it important to examine the health care setting?
The promotion of health and the prevention of disease constitute an urgent need for studying this context.
9.1.1 Three Major Categories of Health Belief System
Belief system
Biomedical
Cause
Abnormalities in the body's function or structure; agents such as bacteria and viruses; injury or aging. Intervention by a supernatural being(deity or god), a non-human being(ghost or evil spirit) or a human(witch or sorcerer).
在美国，生物医学系统是主导的信念系统。此信念认为，生病是由于 身体机能出现不正常。这一般是由细菌和病毒，或是身体状况例如受 伤或是衰老引起的。治疗可以消灭或移除这些导致生病的因素，恢复 身体，或者控制受到影响的生理系统。
跨文化交际(十)
1. Educational Differences
Education in Koreaቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ Education in Japan Education in Mexico
2. Multicultural Education in U.S.A
3. Multicultural Teaching Competencies
The highest result of education is tolerance ----Helen Keller
4. Classrooms of the Future
Homework
Please review chapter 9.
A. A familiarity with the educational structure of the students’ cultural heritage. B. The students’ particular learning style preferences C. Linguistic rules
First, teachers should be aware of what they “bring” to the classroom.
What are my strengths? What are my weaknesses? How can I enhance my strengths and compensate for my weaknesses? Do I have any ethnic or gender biases? How do these biases manifest themselves in the classroom? Does my own ethnic or gender identification affect the classroom? Am I prepared to handle attacks on my racial background or those of students? What new knowledge or experiences can I seek to assist in these issues?
对文化有很大影响英语作文
对文化有很大影响英语作文Culture plays a significant role in shaping our beliefs, values, behaviors, and interactions with others. It influences our perceptions of the world, our traditions,and even our language. In this essay, I will discuss the impact of culture on individuals and societies.Firstly, culture shapes our beliefs and values. Our cultural background determines what we consider right or wrong, good or bad. For example, in some cultures, it is customary to greet others with a bow, while in others, a handshake is the norm. These cultural norms are ingrainedin us from a young age and influence how we interact with others.Secondly, culture influences our behaviors. Different cultures have different social norms and expectations for how individuals should act in various situations. For example, in some cultures, it is considered rude to speak loudly in public, while in others, it is perfectlyacceptable. These cultural norms guide our actions and help us navigate social interactions.Furthermore, culture plays a role in shaping our traditions. Every culture has its own unique customs, rituals, and celebrations that are passed down from generation to generation. These traditions help to create a sense of identity and belonging within a community. For example, the Chinese New Year is a time for families to come together, eat traditional foods, and celebrate the start of a new year.Additionally, culture influences our language. Language is a key component of culture and reflects the values, beliefs, and customs of a society. Different languages have different words and expressions that convey unique cultural meanings. For example, the concept of "schadenfreude" in German, which refers to taking pleasure in someone else's misfortune, does not have a direct equivalent in English.In conclusion, culture has a profound impact on individuals and societies. It shapes our beliefs, values,behaviors, traditions, and language. By understanding and appreciating different cultures, we can foster greater understanding, empathy, and respect for others. Culture is a rich tapestry that adds depth and diversity to our world.。
英语作文关于艺术
Art is a diverse range of human activities involving the creation of visual,auditory, or performing artifacts artworks that express the creators imagination,conceptual ideas, or technical skill,intended to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.Here are some key aspects to consider when writing an essay about art:1.Definition of Art:Begin by defining what art is and its various forms,such as painting, sculpture,music,dance,theater,and digital media.2.Historical Context:Discuss the evolution of art from ancient civilizations to the modern era,highlighting significant periods like the Renaissance,Baroque,Romanticism, Impressionism,and Contemporary Art.3.Cultural Significance:Art is deeply rooted in culture.Explore how art reflects and shapes cultural values,beliefs,and identity across different societies.4.Artistic Expression:Delve into the personal and emotional aspects of art.Discuss how artists use their work to convey emotions,tell stories,and comment on society.5.Techniques and Styles:Describe the various techniques and styles used by artists,such as realism,abstract,impressionism,and expressionism.Explain how these techniques contribute to the overall impact of the artwork.6.Art Movements:Discuss influential art movements and their philosophies,such as Cubism,Surrealism,Abstract Expressionism,and Pop Art.7.The Role of the Viewer:Art is subjective and open to interpretation.Discuss the role of the viewer in the appreciation and understanding of art.8.Impact on Society:Explore how art can influence society,from political commentary to social change,and its role in education and community development.9.The Art Market:Discuss the commercial aspect of art,including the role of galleries, auctions,and the economic value of art pieces.10.Technological Advancements:Consider how technology has changed the landscape of art,from digital art to virtual reality installations.11.Preservation and Restoration:Address the importance of preserving art for future generations and the challenges of restoration and conservation.12.Personal Reflection:Conclude your essay with a personal reflection on the significance of art in your life or how it has influenced your perspective on the world.Remember to use specific examples of artworks,artists,or art movements to support your points and make your essay more engaging and informative.。
[英语考试]英语词汇学第八章重点
![[英语考试]英语词汇学第八章重点](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ed942d38fc4ffe473268ab22.png)
Eg.
• Paper: ---today‘s paper (newspaper) ---examination paper (a set of questions used as an examination) • Do: ---do a sum (work out the answer to a mathematical question) ---do one‘s teeth ( brush one‘s teeth)
8.1.1 extra-linguistic context
• The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire culture background.
Eg.
• trade union: ---an organization of workers in western countries ----an organization of masses under the leadship of the party in China • Landlord: ----someone who owned a lot of land and collected money by renting land without working in Chinese culture -----someone who rents the house for money in western countries
Due to Homonymy
• Homonymy is another cause of ambiguity as two separate words share the same form. • Eg. The ball was attractive. ball---a round object to play in a game/a dancing party The ball was attractive with nice music and a lot of people.
Chapter8 Meaning and Context
8.2 Linguistic context
It can be subdivided into lexical context and
grammatical context. 1) lexical context refer to the words that occur together with the words in question. The meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighboring words.eg.p152 2)grammatica context P153
meaning relations , word meaning and context. With regard to the first issue, it is pointed out that word meaning is conventional in that there is no intrinsic relation between the sound pattern and the meaning. With regard to the second issue, the meaning relation that words contract with each other in the English language, we have in the main concentrated on the paradigmatic meaning relations: synonymy, antonym, hyponymy and metonymy. The first two refer to hierarchical relations between words: the kind-of relation of hyponymy and the part-of relation of metonymy. Besides, we have touched upon the concepts of wmantic field and componential analysis in light of their roles I establishing meaning relations. Finally, we have examined the relationship between word meaning and context, and introduced several way to infer word meaning with the help of context.
影响文化的因素英语作文
影响文化的因素英语作文Factors Influencing CultureCulture, the essence of a society's identity and values, is constantly evolving under the influence of numerous factors. This dynamic nature ensures that each culture remains unique and responsive to the changing times.Firstly, geography plays a pivotal role in shaping a culture. The natural environment, from mountains to rivers, deserts to oceans, determines the way of life and traditions of a community. For instance, communities located in arid regions may develop water conservation practices, while those near the sea might rely on fishing for sustenance.Secondly, history leaves an indelible mark on a culture. Events such as wars, migrations, and revolutions can significantly alter a culture's trajectory. These historical occurrences often lead to the emergence of new traditions, customs, and even languages.Moreover, religion is a profound influence on culture. It provides a set of beliefs and moral guidelines that shape how individuals behave and interact within a society. Differentreligions have diverse practices and teachings, contributing to the rich tapestry of cultural diversity.Furthermore, technology is a modern-day force that rapidly transforms cultures. Advancements in communication, transportation, and information technology have broken down barriers, allowing cultures to mix and influence each other more easily. This has led to the emergence of globalized cultures and the spread of trends and fashions.Finally, economic factors cannot be ignored. The economic well-being of a society greatly affects its cultural practices. Prosperous times may foster a more relaxed and extravagant culture, while periods of scarcity may lead to a more conservative and frugal approach.In conclusion, culture is a complex phenomenon influenced by a diverse array of factors. Geography, history, religion, technology, and economics all play crucial roles in shaping a culture's identity and values. Understanding these factors helps us appreciate the uniqueness and diversity of cultures around the world.。
cultural influences on attraction
cultural influences on attractionAttraction is a complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon that involves multiple factors influencing the outcome. Oneof these factors is culture. Culture plays a significant role in shaping our perceptions of people, defining our values and beliefs, and nurturing our attitudes towards relationships with others. Cultural influences on attraction can be analyzed through the following steps.Step 1: Understanding the Role of Culture in Attraction Culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and traditions of a particular society. It is a fundamental aspect that shapes our attitudes and expectations when it comes to interacting with others, including attraction. Culture influences who we find attractive, what characteristics we consider desirable or unacceptable, and how we express our feelings towards others. For example, in some cultures, physical appearance is considered the most crucial factor in attraction, while in others, personality, social status, and education level play a more significant role.Step 2: Analyzing Cultural Differences in AttractionThe cultural differences in attraction could be observed through comparing the different norms and values in different societies. For instance, in Western cultures, individualismis highly valued, which means people tend to prioritize their autonomy, personal choices, and self-expression, leading to a direct and explicit way of approaching attraction. On the other hand, Eastern cultures are more collectivistic,emphasizing social harmony, family loyalty, and traditional values, which results in a more subtle and indirect way of approaching attraction that takes into account the approvalof others and the protection of social face.Step 3: Investigating the Impact of Culture onAttractionCulture has a considerable impact on all aspects of attraction, including the formation of initial impressions, the development of intimacy, and the maintenance of long-term relationships. It affects the way people perceive physical and non-physical traits, such as body type, sense of humor, communication style, and personal goals. Culture also determines the way people express their attraction towards each other, whether through verbal or non-verbal cues, or through public or private channels.Moreover, the family plays a vital role in shaping cultural beliefs about attraction, as they are the primary source of socialization and values transmission. In some cultures, arranged marriages are still the norm, while in others, dating and courtship are the preferred methods of finding a partner.Step 4: Adapting to Cultural Differences in AttractionTo overcome the challenges posed by cultural differences in attraction, individuals need to be aware of their own cultural biases and stereotypes and approach others with an open mind and respect for their cultural values. Cultural sensitivity and awareness can help people better understand the differences in attraction preferences and communication styles, leading to more harmonious and fulfilling relationships.In conclusion, cultural influences on attraction affectthe way people perceive, express, and maintain their relationships. Understanding the cultural differences in attraction can help individuals to adapt to the diversity of human experiences and build more positive and authentic relationships with others.。
大学英语跨文化交际 chapter8
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on ContextsI. Teaching ObjectivesIn this chapter, the teacher should enable the students to:1. Perceive the relationship between context and communication.2. Describe different views towards various contexts in different cultures.3. Understand the management concept and behavioral modes of business context.4. Summarize the different roles and behavioral patterns of educational context.5. Evaluate the different attitudes and conversational structures of health care context.II. Contents1. KeywordsCommunication is not devoid of external influence: all human interaction is influenced to some degree by the social, physical, and cultural settings in which it occurs. This is known as the communication context. （交际无法脱离外部环境的影响：所有的人类交际都或多或少受到社会、物理和文化场景的影响。
这些场景被称为交际语境。
）2. Key Points(1) the relationship between context and communication.(2) different views towards various contexts in different cultures.(3) the management concept and behavioral modes of business context.(4) the different roles and behavioral patterns of educational context.(5) the different attitudes and conversational structures of health care context.3. Difficult Points(1) the relationship between context and communication.(2) different views towards various contexts in different cultures.(3) the management concept and behavioral modes of business context.III. Teaching Methods1. Pair/Group work2. Discussion3. Task-based approach4. Communicative approach5. Questions and answers6. Case analysis7. InterviewIV. Teaching Procedures1. Lead-in case: Let students do Lead-in Case and discuss the questions.2. Text Aa. Presentation: Pre-reading taskLet students do pre-reading task and discuss the questions provided by the activity.b. Practice: The explanation of the text and activitiesThree basic assumptions about human communication(1) Communication is rule governedLet students read “Communication is rule governed” and discuss the examples, and then do the Blank Filling task. Based on this discussion, students can understand why communication is rule governed?In this way, teacher can sense students’ understanding of communication is rule governed. (2) Contexts specify the appropriate rulesLet students think how such contexts as a classroom, bank, church, hospital, courtroom, wedding, or funeral determine which communication rules apply.(3) Rules are culturally diverseLet students know different cultures, different rules after reading this part and finishing “Blank Filling”.c. Production: after-reading checkLet students do the brief analysis of the case “Talk or not talk?” and then teacher provides the answer to them. And make the students clearly know the relationship between the communication and context.3. Text Ba. Presentation: Pre-reading taskLet students do pre-reading task and discuss the questions provided by the activity.b. Practice: The explanation of the text and activities(1) Culture’s Influence on the Business ContextLet students know business negotiation is intertwined with cultural exchange. This part is very easy so teachers just give some examples about Culture’s Influence on the Business Context(2) ManagementLearning on “Management” from the views various cultures hold regarding management and managers, and understand the cultural differences over management. Then teacher give some more examples about management and make the students do the activities:(a) Management In China(b) Management in the United States(c) Management in Germany(d) Management in Japan(e) Management in France(f) Management in Mexico and Latin America(3) Business Etiquette Norms(a) Appointment seeking(b) The Date for Business(c) Greeting behavior(d) Gift givingBusiness etiquette is very important in the business communication. Let students know the importance of appropriate etiquette and correct practice is essential. Then let the students do the role-play with their partners. And do the blank filling.c. Production: after-reading checkLet students do the brief analysis of the case “A Gift from Chinese” and then teacher providesthe answer to the questions:(1)Why did Dongxie give the manager a gift?(2)Why did the manager refuse to accept the gift?(3)What can be reflected related to cultural specific business practice in the case above?4. Text Ca. Presentation: Pre-reading taskLet students do pre-reading task and discuss the questions provided by the activity. Practice: The explanation of the text and activities(1) Culture’s Influence on the Educational ContextLet students read this part because students are so familiar with the educational context.And ask students about their own experience communicating with the foreigners.(2) Role Behaviors of Students and TeachersLet students talk about the roles of students and teachers in China. Then teacher give some examples to explain the difference of the roles of students and teachers between China and Europe. And let students do the activity.(3) Classroom ParticipationThis part is important and students should know clearly their own behaviors in class.Teacher introduce the classroom participation in western countries. And do the blank filling.(4) Turn takingLet students know that turn taking within the classroom is also governed by culturalexpectations.c. Production: after-reading checkLet students do brief analysis of the case “why is he angry” And ask the students to answer the questions. Then let student think about the exploring ideas and exchange some information with the classmate.5. Text Da. Presentation: Pre-reading taskb. Practice: The explanation of the text and activities(1) Culture’s Influence on the Health Care Context(a) Microreligious Approach(b) Naturalistic Approach(c) Biomedical ApproachLet students read “Culture’s influence on the Health care context’’ and understand what constitutes appropriate and effective medical care from different cultural patterns and expectations. And then do the activity “when you are ill”.(2) Family and Gender Roles in the Health Care ContextLet students talk about their own ideas of family and gender roles in the health care context, and then read this part of text and teacher explain the roles in the health care context from different countries.(3) Conversational Structures and LanguageLet student know that the medical interview between caregiver and patient and whether ambiguities in the use of language will present difficulties in diagnosing and treating illnesses. And then do the blank filling.c. Production: after-reading checkLet students do the brief analysis of the case ‘’ Refused to be Treated?’’ and check their actual understanding of culture’ influence on the health care context.V. Assignments1. Let students do the Checklist and Assessment.2. Let students do the rest exercises and activities in “After-reading Check” of each text.3. Review what has been learned and preview the next chapter.VI. Reference1. Cultural Background:中英宴客习俗的差异上面比较详细地介绍了英语国家的宴客形式和他们的待客之道。
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2 Management
“Management” can be viewed differently from culture to culture. 1. Management In China 2. Management in the United States 3. Management in Germany 4. Management in Japan 5. Management in France 6. Management in Mexico and Latin
2.3 Management in Germany
• The manager is not a cultural hero.
• In fact, Germans do not have a very strong concept of management.
• Apprenticeship （学徒） system
2.2 Management in the United States
• In the United States, the manager is a cultural hero. • the definition of manager by Hofstede • dominant managerial values：
The Health Care Context
Culture's Influence
Management
Business Etiquette Norms
Culture's Influence
Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers
Classroom Participation
America
2.1 Management in China
• Chinese business values emphasize kinship(血缘关系）, interpersonal connections, respect for elders, and hierarchy.
• “the Iron Rice Bowl” • “guanxi”
TEXT A Communication and Context
Communication is influenced by external environment: all human interaction is influenced to some degree by the social, physical, and cultural settings in which it occurs. This is known as the communication context.
★ Communication is rule governed
People expect culturally determined patterns of behavior or rules to govern their interactions.
The rules differ depending on the context, cover both verbal and nonverbal behaviors, and determine not only what should be said but how it should be said.
Three basic assumptions about human communication: ➢ Communication is rule governed ➢ Contexts specify the appropriate rules ➢ Rules are cultural diverse
2. What suggestions can you give to Karen about how to teach Chinese students well?
3. What kind of cultural phenomenon can be reflected in the case above?
Although cultures have many of the same social settings or contexts, they may employ different rules.
Different cultures, different rules.
Concepts of dress, time, language, manners, nonverbal behavior, and control of the communication flow can differ significantly among cultures.
achievement and success belief in hard work pragmatism（实用主义） optimism, Puritanism（清教徒主义） rationality（合理性） impersonality in interpersonal work relationships（客观冷 静） equality of opportunity acceptance of competition individualism
• Culture’s Influence on the Business Context
• Management • Business Etiquette Norms
PRE-TASK:
COMPARE THESE 2 OPINIONS ABOUT MANAGERS
“Managers should be
2.5 Management in France
• Managers act in very superior roles.
1 Culture’s Influence on the Business Context
Business negotiation is intertwined紧密相连 with cultural
exchange. This really is due to globalization, which is a result of growth in U.S. and foreign multinational industries since the 1960s.
Chapter 8 Cultural influences on Contexts
Section One
Idioms
Live together like brothers and do business like strangers.
—Arab Proverb
Learning objectives :
Turn Taking
Culture's Influence
Family
and
Gender Roles
Conversational Structures and Language
Lead-in case: How Do Students Learn?
1. Do you often behave the same way in class as the students in the case? Why?
• value “groupism, harmony, acceptance of hierarchy in work relationships, sense of obligation, debt of lower level personnel to superiors, and consensual decision making共同决策.”
Three Assumptions about
Communication
Communication is rule governed
Contexts specify the
appropriate rules
Rules are culturally diverse
TEXT B The Business Context
In this chapter, students will learn how to: • perceive the relationship between context and
communication. • Describe different views towards various
contexts in different cultures. • Understand the management concept and
An employment interview “sir” “madam” suits shake hands
a basketball game “Tom”
jeans or shorts & T-shirts hug one’s friends, slap them on the back
★ Contexts specify the appropriate rules
conversational structures of health care context.
Chapter Outline
Cultural Influences on Contexts
Communication and Context
The Busiucational Context
• Strong sense of profession and pride in work, a tendency toward an authoritarian leadership style
2.4 Management in Japan
• the Japanese do not share a strong sense of management.