GMAT阅读长难句解析(11,69)
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译p
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure , which today is an electonic infrastructure , the better off you’re going to be .结构：•The more foreign capital [主语] you have [定语] helping you build [谓语] your Third Wave infrastructure [宾语] ,•非限制性定语从句：which today [主语] is [谓语] an electronic infrastructure [宾语] ,•the better off you’re going to be [主+谓].单词：electronic a.电子的ad.电子地n.电子电路电子器件词组：the more...the more 越...越...better off a.更好的富裕的Be going to 将要打算直译：你拥有越多的外国资金来帮助你建设第三次基础设施建设浪潮，也就是今天得电子基础设施，你将变得更加富裕。
解析：•You have作定语修饰capital•Which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰infrastructure译文：你拥有的帮助你建设第三次基础设施建设浪潮的外国资金越多，也就是今天得电子基础设施，你就会越富裕重点：•the more...the more 越...越...•better off a.更好的富裕的2. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled , or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled .结构：•That [主] doesn’t mean [谓] lying down and becoming fooled , or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled [宾].单词：corporation n.企业公司法人社团Run vt.经营管理运转词组：Lie down 躺下卑躬屈膝Mean doing sth 意味着做....直译：这并不意味着好吃懒做和变得愚蠢活着让外国企业的经营不受控制。
【GMAT长难句读法】例句分析
第二章深入篇看了上一章，相信你已经知道怎样可以读懂一个难句了，但是难句有很多种，不同的难句要有不同的读法，这样才能在最短的时间内，最快速，最准确的读懂一个很难的句子。
笔者认为读难句有三种境界：一. 认识，所以知道；二. 不认识，但是知道；三. 认识，但是不知道。
下面我们就一起来进入读难句的三个境界。
一．认识句子中的单词，所以知道句子的意思。
认识句子中的单词，所以知道句子的意思，这是读句子的第一个境界。
这种句子可能是我们平时生活中常见的，或者句子是讲某一专业的方面，但句子中的单词并没有达到某种深度，所以我们可以大概认识句子中的所有单词。
句子的结构也不是特别复杂，所以认识句子的单词基本可以知道句子的意思。
读这种难句，相对来讲是比较容易的，只要按照我们前面介绍过的方法读句子就可以了，注意忘记语法，不理会复杂的句子形式，只看句子的内容，也就是按英文顺序排列的中文即可。
下面例句有些人名地名仍然保留原样，因为对我们理解句子意思并不产生影响，这样的句子已经接近读句子的第二个境界了。
1．While Jackie Robinson was a Brooklyn Dodger, his courage in the face of physical threats and verbal attacks was not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.#当Jackie Robinson 是一个Brooklyn Dodger时，他的勇气面对身体上的威胁和语言上的攻击，并不像Rosa Parks的那样，Rosa Parks拒绝移动到一辆汽车的后面在Montgomery, Alabama。
2．A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors have elected to retire early rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.# 一个最近的研究发现，在过去的几年里，很多医生选择早点退休，而不是面临威胁/被起诉的和越来越多的费用/用于不当处置的保险的。
gmat考试题及答案
gmat考试题及答案一、GMAT考试阅读理解题及答案1. 题目：In a recent study, researchers found that people who regularly engage in physical activities are less likely to suffer from chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. The study suggests that regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of these diseases.Question: What is the main finding of the study mentioned in the passage?A. Regular exercise has no effect on chronic diseases.B. People who exercise regularly are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases.C. Regular exercise can reduce the risk of chronic diseases.D. Physical activities can cause heart disease and diabetes.Answer: C2. 题目：The company's new marketing strategy focuses on targeting younger consumers, as they believe that this demographic is more likely to be interested in their products. The strategy includes launching a social media campaign and offering discounts to students.Question: What is the main objective of the company's new marketing strategy?A. To target older consumers.B. To increase sales among students.C. To target younger consumers.D. To reduce the company's social media presence.Answer: C二、GMAT考试逻辑推理题及答案1. 题目：Premise: All birds can fly.Conclusion: Penguins can fly.Question: What is the logical error in the conclusion?A. The conclusion is true.B. The conclusion is false because penguins are birds.C. The conclusion is false because penguins cannot fly.D. The conclusion is true because penguins are birds.Answer: C2. 题目：Premise: If it rains, then the game will be canceled.Premise: The game was not canceled.Conclusion: It did not rain.Question: What type of logical reasoning is used in this argument?A. Deductive reasoning.B. Inductive reasoning.C. Abductive reasoning.D. Causal reasoning.Answer: A三、GMAT考试数据充分性题及答案1. 题目：Is the sum of two numbers, x and y, greater than 10?(1) x is greater than 5.(2) y is greater than 5.Question: Is statement (1) alone sufficient, statement (2) alone sufficient, or both statements together sufficient to answer the question?A. Statement (1) alone is sufficient.B. Statement (2) alone is sufficient.C. Both statements together are sufficient.D. Neither statement alone nor together is sufficient.Answer: D2. 题目：What is the value of the variable z?(1) z is twice the value of x.(2) The sum of x and y is 10.Question: Is statement (1) alone sufficient, statement (2) alone sufficient, or both statements together sufficient to answer the question?A. Statement (1) alone is sufficient.B. Statement (2) alone is sufficient.C. Both statements together are sufficient.D. Neither statement alone nor together is sufficient.Answer: D四、GMAT考试语法改错题及答案1. 题目：The company, which was founded by John in 2005, is now one of the largest in the industry.(A) which was founded by John in 2005(B) was founded by John in 2005(C) was it founded by John in 2005(D) it was founded by John in 2005Answer: B2. 题目：After the storm, the city had to deal with the damage to the buildings, and also to the roads.(A) and also to the roads(B) and also with the roads(C) as well as to the roads(D) and also the roadsAnswer: C这些题目和答案仅供参考，GMAT考试的题目类型和难度可能会有所不同。
雅思阅读长难句分析举例
雅思阅读长难句分析举例一、分析方法例题：Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.难句类型：插入语译文：虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱——在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制(monogamy)。
解释：在这个雅思阅读长难句中，插入语的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, 后半个分句中的主语that slaves' preference与系动词was离得太远，造成阅读的困难。
意群训练：Although Gutman admits / that forced separation/ by sale was frequent，/he shows that the slaves‘ preference，/revealed most clearly/on plantations /where sale was infrequent，/was very much for stable monogamy.二、雅思阅读长难句11例练习巩固1. The scent she carried in her samples and onher body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)分析：本句的主句为“The scent was a message to the other bees”; “she carried in her samples an d on her body”为定语从句，做The scent的定语，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉;“that this was the one they were looking for”为that引导的同位语从句，做 a message的同位语;“they were looking for”为定语从句，做the one的定语，关系词在定语从句中做for的宾语，因此被省掉。
2022年10-11月GMAT阅读真题(至117)(六)
2022年10-11月GMAT阅读真题（至11.7）（六）1.1.11 公司筹资factor△V1 【by: sc泡泡】还有一遍是说公司会把invoice 卖给特地收集什么的公司叫factor，然后说刚成立的公司常常用这种方法筹集钱，由于他们在银行借不到。
第三段就说这种方法对有些公司不适合，那些卖许多small invoice 就不适合。
V2 【by: zzfw0824】似乎有问找factor 有什么弊端。
还有就是Factor怎么来定位他们该受理什么样的公司似乎补充背景学问：amosfan(以下文字非机经，是与本篇狗狗相关的专业学问，供大家了解factor为何物)1.1.11 公司筹资。
这里的factor是国际贸易中的保理业务。
这个和我的工作有关，可以略微讲一下。
大致概念是：将国际贸易业务中的应收账款(AR)外包给第三方公司，代为催收(也就是把所invoice卖给第三方公司)。
对于出口企业来说，好处是：1.能够马上拿到cash，缩短账期(国际贸易中往往有些应收账款>90天)2.转移应收账款风险。
对于第三方公司来说，固然从中需要抽取一局部佣金的。
这种结款方式一般用在大型工程选购，或者目的地信用风险较高的国家比拟多用。
一般商品贸易中很少会用这种方式考古蒙小灰 selfay 已确认V1讲factor business的，大意就是说factor business为什么会存在，由于许多公司需要通过这些公司来躲避风险和来削减各种费用，比方说invoice转帐等，另外一些心公司也会通过这些factor business，由于最初好像他们很难向银行贷款，然后说由于他们将来会有进展前景，所以factor business也情愿贷款之类的，我就不说答案了吧，由于我真的觉得我错了，虽然我我当时很确定，不过我刚说的话里面都是有问题问的，比方说factor business为什么情愿贷款给新公司之类的。
V2 by小熊西西 (740)阅读有一篇是讲融资业务中的保付代理业务(factor)。
杨鹏GRE&GMAT长难句 全书英文句子整理打印版
1, that sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.2, Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.3,Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an as pect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.4, as she put it in The Common Reader, “it is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”5,with the conclusion of a burst of activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis.6, alt hough Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.7, Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of – and so was crucial in sustaining – the black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.8, this preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage, which, though they from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.9, His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the US, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially – based negative prejudgements against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competit ion,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.10, such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.11, it was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed insteadto influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.12, although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.13, other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.14, although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.15, in large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.16, if one begin by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek description of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact – real Amazonian societies – but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women’s rule in their own society.17, thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field – theoretical equations.18, the physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumption.19, however, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.20, as my own studies have advanced, I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them.21, although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, it authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.22, is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?23, in addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toome r’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; dose this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are potted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?24, Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.25, although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into the space.26, the role those anthropologist ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constrains –ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situation in any culture.27,which of the following most probably p rovides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constrains” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?28, a low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.29, perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that over-looked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.30, studies by Hargrave and Green estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.31, in the periods of peak zooplankton abundance, that is, in the late spring and in the summer, Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates, for nutrient – poor lakes and bog lakes, respectively, of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.32, the hydrologic cycle, a major topic in this science, is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes, beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation, thence along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration.33, only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within in with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.34, the historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the US since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier – that is, the depletion of available new land need35, in the early 1950’s, historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large number, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.36, historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes towards crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.37, it can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?38, my point is that its central consciousness – its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives – owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary cities.39, even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants.40, but achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and non – living matter require knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other – an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly.41, Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law – notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned – that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.42, Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform that Islamic law. Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Treatment is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codification of Jewish law in the diaspora.43, Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islam law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.44, one such novel idea is that of interesting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants’ natural constitution: specially, the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence, the intensified research on legumes.45, it is one of nature’s great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants’ leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrog en gas.46, unless they succeed, they yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated, and even if the transfer of those gene complexes, once they are found, becomes possible.47, its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life – as –spectacle,” for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic lliad, however, presents “life – as –experience” : readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.48, most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.49, A critique of the Handlins’ interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and radical prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanation for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.50, The best evidence for the layered mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic racks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid ocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists, is the upper mantle. 51, some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements” (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways.52,fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-B’s blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.53, the very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselveson all levels, from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.54, but those of us who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb’s newly published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.55, now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people – a charter minority on our own land.56, it is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s) that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s (mRNA’s) of the peptide hormone s. If brain cells are making the hormones, the cells will contain these mRNA’s. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them, then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s, but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones.57, the molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them.58, nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.59, this succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and event not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposit.60, there have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.61, many critics of Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a “romantic” reading receives more confir mation.62, Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts.63, this is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an-encom-passing interpretation.64, the isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another, with variations exceeding the measurement error; and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform isotopic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source.65, more probable is bird transport, either externally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, or internally, by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.66, A long-term view of the history of the English colonies that became the US has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.67, it is not known rare this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic. n. 同源捕虏体68, even the “radical” critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.69, they are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles, whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way, and which can be detected.70, open knowledge of the existence of women’s oppression was too radical for the US in the fifties, and Beauvoir’s conclusion, that change in wome n’s economic condition, though insufficient by itself, “remains the basic factor” in improving women’s situation, was particularly unacceptable.71, other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earth’s rocky mantle by the Earth’s collision w ith another large celestial body after much of the Earth’s iron fell to its core.72, however, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. 73, Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern – acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural model – was not only more typicallyEnglish than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire.74, Portrayals of the folk of Mecklenburg country, North Carolina, whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his Harlem days, of Pittsburgh steelworkers, and his reconstruction of classical Greek myths in the guise of the ancient Black kingdom of Benin, attest to this.75, a very specialized feeling adaptation in zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut – sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture and concentrate phytoplankton.76, these historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.77, apparently most massive starts manage to lose sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4M before they exhaust their nuclear fuel.78, this is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work.79, An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth – intersecting orbit is even lesspr obable than such an event on the moon, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth.80, Nor only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor – specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently.81, As rock interfaces are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.82, while the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed, showing, for instance, that is was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles, and throwing the date once more into utter confusion.83, the methods that a community devise to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.84, traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used.85, because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuring loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.86, for example, the spiral arrangement of scale – bract complexes on ovule – bearing pine cones, where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located, is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone’s surfaces, thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.87, FE, however, predicted that women would be liberated from “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of “the whole female sex into public industry”.88, it was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new class of “dead –end” jobs, thenceforth considered “women’s work”.89, The increase in the number of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.90, for one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density – independent factors all the time.91, in order to understand the n ature of the ecologist’s investigation, we may think of the density – dependent effects on growth parameters as the “signal” ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density – independent effects act to produce “noise” in population dynamics.92, but the play’s complex view of Black self –esteem and human solidity as compatible is no more “contradictory” than Du Bois’ famous, well-considered ideal of ethnic self –awareness coexisting with human unity, or Fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles.93, in which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as Isaacs’s to Raisin in the sun?94, Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth – century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward argument that deserve evaluation.95, Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed.96, Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.97, it can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War?98, she wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness.99, although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.100, with regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eight-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general; for example, laboring people in eighteenth – century England readily shifted from home – brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.101, The correlation of carbon dioxide with temperature, of course, does not establish whether changes in atmospheric composition caused the warming and cooling trends or were caused by them.102, such philosophical concerns as the mind – body problem or, more generally, the nature of human knowledge they believe, are basic human question whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.103, the idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, close examination, to be of quite recent origin.。
tpo69三篇阅读原文译文题目答案译文背景知识
tpo69三篇阅读解析阅读-1 (1)原文 (1)译文 (3)题目 (4)答案 (8)背景知识 (9)阅读-2 (11)原文 (11)译文 (13)题目 (14)答案 (19)背景知识 (19)阅读-3 (23)原文 (23)译文 (25)题目 (27)答案 (30)背景知识 (31)阅读-1原文Why Snakes Have Forked Tongues①The forked tongue of snakes has intrigued people for millennia,inspiring many hypotheses.In many cultures and religions,the forked tongue symbolizes malevolence and deceit.The first person known to inquire about the functional significance of the forked tongue was Aristotle;he suggested that it would double the pleasure of sensations of taste.By the beginning of the twentieth century,the consensus was that the snake’s tongue is a tactile organ;that is,the snake uses it to tap the ground much as a blind person uses a cane.②In1920Browman suggested what seemed to be a winning hypothesis:When the snake retracts its tongue,the tips(or tines)of the forked tongue are inserted into openings on both sides of the roof of the mouth;through these openingschemical stimuli reach special organs that help snakes detect smells—the vomeronasal organs(VNO).These organs are highly developed in snakes,lizards, and many mammals.They are a second system for detecting smells that appears to have evolved specifically to detect pheromones,the chemical signals that animals secrete as messages to other animals of their species.Browman suggested that the forked tongue flicks out,picking up chemical signals,and then delivers these to the VNO.This hypothesis was widely accepted into the1980s.Then X-ray movie studies of tongue flicks in snakes and lizards with forked tongues disproved the hypothesis;they showed that when the tongue is withdrawn into the mouth,it enters a sheath and the tips do not go into the openings to the VNO.Instead,the chemical molecules are deposited on pads at the bottom of the mouth,and closing the mouth presses the pads and molecules against the VNO openings.③If the tongue is not forked to fit into the VNO,then what function could the forked shape serve?Schwenk proposes a solution that encompasses observations from several fields—animal behavior,ecology,sensory physiology,and neuroanatomy.He hypothesizes that the forked tongue allows the snake to sense chemical stimuli at two points simultaneously,thereby giving it the ability to detect differences in an odor trail.Obtaining two simultaneous readings enhances the ability of the snake to detect the edges of odor trails,and thus to follow pheromone trails accurately.This ability is important in seeking both prey and mates.④This spatial chemical perception is like other systems for spatial perception that are based on simultaneous stimulation of two separated sense organs—for example,auditory localization,which depends on differential stimulation at the two ears.Similarly,the use of the two eyes permits stereovision.⑤Several kinds of evidence support the hypothesis that forked tongues evolved as chemosensory edge detectors to enhance the ability to follow odor trails:(1) Snakes and lizards spread the tines of their tongue apart when they retrieve odor molecules,then draw the tines together when retracting the tongue.The greater the distance between sampling points,the better the animals sample differences within an odor trail.(2)Lizards that forage widely have forked tongues,whereas lizard species without forked tongues tend not to forage widely.(3)Forked tongues have evolved independently at least twice in different families of reptiles, indicating their value as an adaptation.(4)In the snake nervous system,each tine of the tongue is linked to a nucleus in the other side of the brain,and the twonuclei are linked across the two hemispheres.This arrangement is similar to the anatomy of auditory centers in mammals and birds that permits the computation of differences between what one ear hears and what the other ear hears and thus mediates auditory localization.⑥Species in other orders have also evolved paired chemical receptors to guide individuals to mates or prey.For example,male gypsy moths have large,elaborate, odor-detecting antennae with which they track potential mates over large distances,and the ant nest beetle has spoon-shaped antennae extending from each side of the head with which it detects and follows the pheromones of the ants that are its food.译文为什么蛇有叉状舌头①蛇的叉状舌头吸引了人们数千年，激发了许多假设。
GMAT阅读长难句之插入语和省略句
GMAT阅读备考的一大难点就是长难句，并且在众多的难句结构中，最常见的要数插入语和省略句，考生要想顺利攻克GMAT阅读就要先过这两关。
接下来小编为大家带来GMAT阅读长难句之插入语和省略句，希望对大家的备考有帮助。
GMAT阅读长难句之插入语1. 插入语，顾名思义就是在句子中加安插的一个成分，主要起解释、说明、总结、或者表示态度、转移话题、承上启下等作用。
一般将其去掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。
在英语语法中，常见的插入语主要有8种形式：分句、形容词及短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、副词、不定式、现在分词短语、用标点符号引导插入语。
这些插入语通常会对考生迅速找出句子主干产生一定的迷惑作用，影响考生的做题速度。
因此，攻克插入语是备考GMAT阅读难句过程中一项艰巨的任务。
2. 如何分析GMAT阅读中的插入语插入语其实很容易识别，考生在句子汇总碰到插入语可以先将其忽略，对句子的主体结构进行分析和理解，然后再把插入语放入整个句子中分析其具体的作用。
下面为大家举例说明：During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, th ough producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless.”翻译：在19世纪，她说，对家庭经济有贡献的“有用小孩“的观念逐渐向现如今的”无用小孩“的观念让路，尽管他们不会给家里带来收入，甚至还有大量花销，但在感情上，还是极其无价的。
胡敏长难句69句
1693胡敏长难句69句★1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （难度系数5，下同）译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
难句类型：倒装、省略<a > 本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。
所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。
<b > 在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中，an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。
第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。
意群训练：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)（这是一种）译文：照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
托福阅读长难句200句和详细解析
托福阅读长难句200句和详细解析同学们，有没有这样的情况发生?一个句子当中每一个单词你都认识，但你看不懂这句话，这个感觉是不是十分的诡异?托福阅读长难句因为词汇只是基础，句子才是交流最基本的单位，看阅读是看句子，句子看不懂就是啥也没懂。
小编为大家列举200句及对应解析，希望帮助大家掌握理解长难句的分析方法，攻克这一难关。
1. Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity.2. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.3. Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind, the plants are no bigger than they need be, their stems are hollow, and all the rigidity comes from their water content.4. By contrast, in the United States an estimated 97 million birds are killed each year when they collide with buildings made of plate glass, 57 million are killed on highways each year; at least 3.8 million die annually from pollution and poisoning; and millions of birds are electrocuted each year by transmission and distribution lines carrying power produced by nuclear and coal power plants.5. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops."6. Scientists first identified this impact in 1980 from the worldwide layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact.7. Only a few organisms especially tolerant of very salty conditions remained.8. Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterations associated with slow changes in the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate tectonics.9. The answer may be that virtually all the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer under the surface, with more contained in the planet’s polar caps.10. But belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist Glen MacDonald demonstrated that some of the most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect.11. Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks.12. Interestingly enough, several of these hydrodynamic adaptations resemble features designed to improve the aerodynamics of high-speed aircraft.13. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands.第五类14. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.15. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations.16. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down.17. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines has pitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection against environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy.18. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting.19. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.20. A third likely explanation for infantile amnesia involves incompatibilities between the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which older children and adults retrieve it.21. Whether people can remember an event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to retrieve it.22. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one?23. This would have created a barrier of ice extending from the Alaska Peninsula, through the Gulf of Alaska and southward along the Northwest Coast of North America to what is today the state of Washington.24. Teachers, it is thought, benefit from the practice of reflection, the conscious act of thinking deeply about and carefully examining the interactions and events within their own classrooms.25. They describe the initial understanding in the teachers with whom they were working as being "utilitarian...and not rich or detailed enough to drive systematic reflection."26. Liston (1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher asa (reflective) professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher asa technician, putting into practice the ideas of others.27. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans.28. Sociobiology views much social behavior, including aggressive behavior, as genetically determined.29. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between "the people”-farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats.30. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other.解析：1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
胡敏长难句69句
胡敏长难句69句1693胡敏长难句69句★1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （难度系数5，下同）译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
难句类型：倒装、省略本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。
所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。
在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中，an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。
第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。
意群训练：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and textureof a flower .(5++)（这是一种）译文：照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
GMAT机经：2022年11月GMAT阅读机经(至11.30)(二十四)新
GMAT机经：2022年11月GMAT阅读机经（至11.30）（二十四）2.3.3 Milankovitch Cycles关于气候变化和orbit@1讲的是M关于气候变化和orbit的假说，其次段讲技术发达后发觉这个假说有问题然后又说在一个条件下，这个假说还是有价值的，所以又被渐渐接受。
V2第三篇讲关于地球orbit和气候的转变,两段,其次段整段highlight一开头就说, 一个人M 在以前做了讨论, 似乎是用化石层的分布然后发表了理论.说ice age发生是有肯定的时间规律.. 其次段就说,但是呢,1950年人们用了新科技发觉这个M是错的(有考点). 用着甚么其他地方的化石还是甚么的. 但是呢接着说, 1970年人们又用了新科技证明M是对的最终说到虽然到现在M的很多理论都还没被证明(有考点)问题有问其次段的作用, 这篇文章的主旨, 那些1950年的人假如用更新的科技的话就不会怎样(我选就不会不支持M的理论)考古2.3.3Milankovitch Cycles TheoryMilankovitch cycles theory is about the frequency of ice age. Milankovich proposed that the temperature of earth has something to do with the position of the earth in the orbit around sun. However it did not gain acceptance until 1968 when Dr. Imbrie presented additional evidence for M theory. He meassured the isotope level in small seashell depositand the change of isotope abundancy corresponds with the temperature change.However, later on, a geochemist tested the samples from Devil's Hole, a place in south Nevada and the results did not match with the previous results.Even thought Dr. Imbrie still think M theory was valid, he conceded that many other factors contribute to the isotope level. It maybe why the results did not match.OLD JJV1是讲某人MM的理论，关于change in earth‘s orbit影响气候什么的，也没看懂……V203/21 其次篇是change in earth orbit. 第一段讲M的理论多牛B，其次段讲50年月的什么试验证明M是错的，然后其次段的后半部分又说原来50年月的试验方法(还是数据?)是错误的，这样的话M的理论又被证明是对的了。
GMAT阅读长难句解析(3,69)
GMAT阅读长难句解析（3/69）杨鹏长难句最大的好处就是它不仅仅有翻译，还有句子类型分类，详细的句子分析和意群训练。
所以前期在做题的时候最好严格按照老师教的方法，循序渐进，千万不要为了追求速度而囫囵吞枣，不求甚解，接下来小编就GMAT阅读长难句解析为大家介绍下，希望考生能够掌握，顺利备考GMAT 阅读考试。
003The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability, a strong referee to give them some position in the 'race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation ; an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered “starting lines. ”难句类型：复杂修饰+省略难度：3标志：The nonstarters were considered the ones ( who wanted ^ stability wanted a strong referee to give them some position in the race, ^ivho wanted a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; %ho wanted an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again /from compensatorily staggered “starting lines”/).译文：落伍者被认为是那些(需要稳定的人，需要一个强有力的仲裁者来在竞赛中给他们一个位置;一只调节性的手来制止住狂热的投机;一个权威来让事情停止，/ 从一个补偿性错开的“起跑线”上/重新开始)。
(完整版)gmatgre长难句打印版
也不知道杨鹏先生是否同意（应该不会反对，呵呵，一样么？），我将其《GRE&GMAT 阅读难句教程》中的G部分全部摘录下来，希望能够对大家有所帮助，不过在摘录的过程中，发现电子版的好像跟正规出版的差几个句子，也罢，全部原封不动了！真的很感谢杨先生，我的阅读水平显著提高了，就在这个5、1长假，而且我还玩了好长时间，呵呵不过路漫漫，不知何时是尽头，我准备7月份考G，8月份考T，呵呵，年底申请，最好是能够申请Marketing了，与同道中人一起努力了，呵呵！感谢ECUST 的Miss Hu提供的资料。
我在berrain抄录所有难句的基础上加了杨鹏的解释和意群训练，这样此文档基本已涵盖全书的内容，希望它对各位G友的阅读能力能有所帮助。
GRE难句解读——提高GRE阅读必须要过的第一关作者：杨鹏读者学习指导：大原则：以实战的要求为目的。
难句子不仅出现在阅读中，还出现在句子填空、逻辑但体中，因此，对难句子得攻克变得相当重要。
原则一：迅速读懂原则二：利用语法、不靠语法即在Gre中，考生永远也不需要再考场上分析一句话的语法成分，也不要想这句话有没有语法错误，考生的唯一任务就是现场迅速的读懂文章。
然而在初期可以少量的运用语法，目的有二：一为初学者如果看不懂句子得结构，往往会感到心情沮丧，或大脑混乱，根本就读不尽文章，因此引入语法能够给读者以信心；二为运用语法，可以了解文章的语法结构，并最终完全熟悉各种类型的句子，达到一遍就可以读懂句子得效果。
原则三：学练结合，以连为主训练的类别：1、难句阅读训练；2、阅读理解力训练；即“懂”3、阅读速度与阅读习惯训练，即“迅速”。
实际上，对于英语语法得学习，包括对英文单词的中文释意的记忆和对英语句子得中文翻译，都只是我们学习英语的辅助工具；我们最终的目的，是为了提高对英语的实际使用能力。
具体到Gre的考试的应用上，就是看到英语句子时，正确的做法不应该是现场分析出其余法结构，再背出每个单词的中文释意，再把这些中文单词串成句子，最后才根据翻译出来的中文来想这句话的意思是什么，而是读到每个单词、每一句话的时候，大脑中的第一反映是其意思而不是中文释意。
考研阅读长难句【精讲】
考研阅读⻓长难句句 | 解析We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilotandrelaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.我们⽆无意识地伸⼿手获取它们（习惯成⾃自然），设定⼤大脑为⾃自动驾驶模式，然后按照熟悉的程序，放松地进⼊入⽆无意识的舒适状态。
主⼲干：主谓 | 介词短语 for them 为⽬目的状语修饰不不及物动词 reach（伸⼿手）修饰：现在分词setting和relaxing作伴随状语与主⼲干同时发⽣生逻辑主语是we记词：auto- ⾃自动的 pilot v. 驾驶 adj. 试点的 n. ⻜飞⾏行行员routine n. 常规；⽣生活乏味；例例⾏行行程序 adj. 常规的；乏味的mindless adj. 盲⽬目的；⽆无需动脑的Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit,we can instead direct our own changeby consciously developing new habits.(我们)不不要将⾃自⼰己视为不不可改变的习惯性⽣生物，相反，我们能够，通过有意识地培养新习惯，指导⾃自⼰己的改变。
主⼲干：主谓宾 | instead可以放在we的前⾯面语义不不变表示转折修饰：dismissing现在分词作伴随状语与主⼲干同时发⽣生 | rather than表示否定修饰：介词短语by developing…作⽅方式状语修饰direct记词：dismiss vt. 摒弃、对……不不值⼀一提(as)；解雇；解散；驳回(本句句译为“视作”即可) direct adj. 直接的；笔直的；坦率的；正好的 vt. 对准；管理理；指挥；导演Instead,the new habits we deliberately press into ourselvescreate parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.⽽而我们刻意坚持的新习惯会创造出平⾏行行路路径，它们会绕过之前的⽼老老路路（旧习惯）。
考研英语：长难句解析（9）
考研英语：长难句解析（9）考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“考研英语：长难句解析(9)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!考研英语：长难句解析(9)( 2015年真题Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text1第4段第3句)At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.译文：在托马·皮凯蒂连同其他经济学家提醒民众警惕继承财富将给王室带来越来越多的权利、不平等现象也会越来越严重时，富有的贵族家庭仍作为现代民主国家的象征核心很是奇怪。
分析：本句是一个复杂句，基本结构是：时间状语+主句。
时间状语由介词短语充当，其中包含一个when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词time。
在这个定语从句中，主语是Thomas Piketty and other economists，谓语是are warning of，宾语包括两个并列结构rising inequality 和the increasing power of inherited wealth。
在主句中，it是形式主语，is是系动词，bizarre是表语，that引导的是主语从句，是主句的真正主语;这个主语从句是个主系表结构，主语是wealthy aristocratic families，表语是the symbolic heart of modern democratic states。
GRE&GMAT阅读难句教程
TOEFL 群：243745114；GRE 群：243745709；GMAT ：243745864GRE&GMAT 阅读难句教程
使用方法STEP ONE
了解长难句（阅读并思考杨鹏难句1-3章）
STEP TWO
初期接触长难句第四章GRE 部分前20句话好好看仔细看按照one 中体会到得去做并且好好看好杨鹏给的解释
至于语法除非自己有很大的兴趣我不推荐读我们要练习的是一个熟练度一个感觉一个惯性一个对高信息密度灌输的承受力而且那本书除了句子选取之外具体的分析意义不大!把这20句话透透彻彻让难句的融入我们大脑的阅读习惯中
STEP THREE
重新读1-3章继续体会
STEP FOUR
快速扫过剩下的109句以每天20-30句的速度不用细分析只要满足看懂，能体会到里面的调调就行
还有GMAT 部分的69句也这样做
STEP FIVE
重新读1-3章继续体会
STEP SIX
自此之后每天背完一个LIST 就10句早起和睡前也都是10句平时上没用的课的时候也把难句拿出来一句句看（熟练了的话基本上一节课就可以翻一遍）
日复一日
STEP SEVEN
每过一遍都要看1-3章一次
STEP EIGHT
if<>step nine
then go to step six:
else do step nine
STEP NINE
直到有一天你的书废了（前提是你不能折磨那本书）或者你已经烂记于心、倒背如流把看那些句子变成看起来自然而然很习惯的时候
就可以停了。
GMAT考试阅读练习题目及解析
GMAT考试阅读练习题目及解析一、阅读理解练习题目题目1阅读以下段落，回答问题。
"The rise of the internet has transformed the way we gather information. With the click of a button, we have access to a vast amount of knowledge that was once difficult to obtain. However, this easy access to information also brings challenges, such as the overload of data and the difficulty in distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate information."1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the passage, what are the benefits of the internet?3. What challenges does the easy access to information bring?题目2阅读以下段落，回答问题。
"Climate change is one of the most pressing global issues of our time. The Earth's climate is changing rapidly, and this is largely due to human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These activities release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap heat and cause the Earth's temperature to rise. This phenomenon, known as global warming, has serious consequences for our planet, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the loss of biodiversity."1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the passage, what are the causes of climate change?3. What are the consequences of global warming?二、阅读理解练习题目解析解析11. main idea: The main idea of the passage is to discuss the impact of the internet on the way we gather information, highlighting both the benefits and the challenges it brings.2. benefits of the internet: The passage mentions that the easy access to information is one of the benefits of the internet.3. challenges of easy access to information: The passage states that the easy access to information brings challenges such as data overload and the difficulty in distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate information.解析21. main idea: The main idea of the passage is to discuss the issue of climate change and its consequences, emphasizing the role of human activities in causing global warming.2. causes of climate change: The passage mentions that burning fossil fuels and deforestation are two of the main causes of climate change.3. consequences of global warming: The passage lists several consequences of global warming, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the loss of biodiversity.通过以上练习题目及解析，可以帮助考生提高GMAT考试的阅读理解能力。
2024年考研英语一长难句解析与答案详解
2024年考研英语一长难句解析与答案详解2024年考研英语I长难句解析与答案详解学术界对于长难句的定义多种多样。
简单来说，长难句是指句子结构复杂，由多个分句组成，或者包含很多修饰成分的句子。
在英语考研中，长难句是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，考察考生对于句子结构的理解和分析能力。
为了帮助考生更好地应对2024年考研英语I中的长难句题目，本文将对常见的长难句结构进行解析，并给出详细的答案解释。
1. 并列句并列句是由两个或多个具有相同地位的分句并列连接而成的句子。
常见的并列连词有and，or，but等。
在阅读理解中，经常会出现因果关系的并列句。
考例：John couldn't find his passport， so he missed his flight.解析：该句是一个简单的因果并列句，由两个独立的句子构成。
第一个分句是John couldn't find his passport，第二个分句是so he missed his flight。
两个分句之间通过并列连词so连接，表示因果关系。
所以，正确答案为John misses his flight because he can't find his passport.2. 定语从句定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
在阅读理解中，常常会出现限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
考例：The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.解析：该句是一个限制性定语从句，修饰名词the book。
定语从句中的which引导的从句修饰先行词the book，在从句中充当主语。
所以，正确答案为I borrowed the book from the library.3. 状语从句状语从句是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句。
在阅读理解中，常常会出现时间状语从句、条件状语从句和原因状语从句等。
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析 译文)
新托福阅读长难句120句（分析+译文） 12月16日1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
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GMAT阅读长难句解析（11/69）
杨鹏长难句最大的好处就是它不仅仅有翻译，还有句子类型分类，详细的句子分析和意群训练。
所以前期在做题的时候最好严格按照老师教的方法，循序渐进，千万不要为了追求速度而囫囵吞枣，不求甚解，接下来小编就GMAT阅读长难句解析为大家介绍下，希望考生能够掌握，顺利备考GMAT 阅读考试。
011
Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both “normal”and having a valuable economic function.
难句类型：插入语+正话反说难度：4 +
标志：Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determi- nation of prices by the seller) /as both “normal”and having a valuable economic function/.
译文：因此，需要下很大的决心才能把“p-f”(由卖方决定价格)想成是既正常又有着有意义的经济功能的。
解释：it是形式主语，其真正的内容在to后面的不定式中。
to think of something as
the determination of prices by the seller插入语又比较重要，因为它约定了此处的
price-fixing并不是我们熟知的普通的定价，而特指卖方定价。
这句话的叙述又是一个正话反说：需要下很大的决心才能把由卖方定价看成是既正常的而且有意义的，其实际意义就是：一般来说，卖方定价是不正常的而且是没有意义。
意群训练：Accordingly，it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the de-termination of prices by the seller) as both “normal”and having a valuable economic function.。