神华煤直接液化项目的综合评价

摘要

神华煤制油项目是世界上首个建设的工业化项目，工程分为先期和一期，总建设规模为年生产油品500万t，自2004年8月先期工程开工建设，到2009年一期工程第一条生产线基本完成，并计划于2009年5月正式投产。

本文对神华煤直接液化工艺项目进行了综合评价，主要分为3个部分，包括经济分析、技术分析和环境分析。同时，本文还介绍了煤直接液化的工艺流程，重点介绍了煤制油工艺的特殊的单元，例如：煤液化单元，煤制氢单元，T-star工艺单元。

经济分析部分，采用技术经济学的知识，计算了项目的总投资、总成本、项目销售收入和税金以及现金流量。计算出了项目的内部收益率为13.13%，全投资的回收期为7.73年，大于石油化工项目的平均内部收益率10%。从经济方面，神华煤制油项目是有优势的。

技术分析部分，主要从煤直接液化工艺的技术方案，工程放大和项目的建设进行了研究。重点分析了液化工艺核心技术—采用美国的HTI工艺，液化工艺的催化剂制备单元—采用新型高效“863”合成催化剂，液化工艺煤制氢单元—采用Shell粉煤加压气化工艺等先进的技术。神华煤制油项目在产品分离、加氢改质、空分、水处理方面都采用了先进的技术。同时项目的工程放大和项目的建设都保证了神华煤制油项目的有条不紊的建设。

环境分析部分，重点研究了神华项目污水和液化残渣的利用。对这两部分分别提出了建议意见。

最后，本文对神华项目提出了发展建议，提出了神华项目要加大自主技术研究，完善绿化方案，建立水库储备水源，研究煤、电和化工的结合。

关键词：煤制油；直接液化；综合评价

Abstract

Shenhua coal to oil was the first industrialization project on construction in the world, which was divided into two stages,including the early one and the first one.the gross of project is five million tons/year in petroleum product. The early stage started to be constructed since August, 2004, the first stage will be finshed in 2009, and plan to put into production in may.

The comprehensive evaluation of the project in direct liquefaction process on shenhua coal was studied in this paper, which mainly was divided into three parts, including the economic analysis, technical analysis and environmental analysis. At the same time, this paper also introduced the process flow in coal liquefaction, major introduced special unit of coal to oil, for example: coal liquefaction unit, hydrogen unit, T-star process unit.

Economic analysis, using knowledge of technical economics, the project total investment, total cost, project sales income and tax and cash flow were calculated,then the internal rate of return and investment recoupment period of project were 13.13% and 7.73 years respectively.The internal rate of return was more than the one for petrochemical industry which was 10%. From the economic aspect, the project was profitable.

Technical analysis, mainly studied from coal direct liquefaction technical scheme, engineering enlargement and project construction. The core technology liquefaction process - HTI process employing the America technology, catalyst preparation process - using new efficient "863" synthesis catalyst, coal liquefaction process for hydrogen production unit by adding pressurized gasification - employing Shell advanced pressurized gasification technology were emphatically analyzed. Shenhua coal to oil project in product separation unit, hydrogenation modification uint,air

separation unitand water treatment were adopted advanced technology. Meanwhile the engineering and construction of the project also guaranteed the system of shenhua coal to oil on construction orderly.

Environmental analysis, mainly studied sewage and liquefaction residues in the project. The Suggestions were put forward for this project.

Finally, this paper gave the advices for shenhua program, consisting of strengthening technology study, establishing reservoir, completing green program and studying electricity, water, chemical combination.

Key Words：coal to oil; direct liquefaction; comprehensive evaluation