高中英语 【高考阅读拔高训练】精选外刊篇章解析 高考阅读拓展训练1 -描述与比较类阅读解析
【高中英语 外刊拓展】专题 32 Language-learning apps 用语言学习应用软件学
专题32 Language-learning apps 用语言学习应用软件学外语备战2021年高考英语外刊精读与练习（教师版）语篇导读：有些人觉得学习另一种语言既有用又有趣。
智能手机应用程序的兴起让学习语言变得更容易、更方便。
惯来对语言学习热情不高的英国人似乎也充分利用了这种学习方法，开始学习外语。
本文讨论为什么在英国有越来越多的人使用手机应用软件学外语。
Step 1 Vocabulary词汇表get to grips with something 认真理解并学习master 掌握，精通grasp 理解，掌握convenient 方便的，省事的access 使用，访问smartphone 智能手机evening class 夜校课程bilingual 能用两种语言的communicate 交流enthusiasm 热情，热忱shoot up 猛增，暴涨double 两倍的try one’s hand 试试手，尝试motivate 激发…的积极性progress 进度brain training 头脑训练，智力开发productive 富有成效的polyglot 通晓多种语言的人Step 2 Reading and understandingAre you learning another language? Maybe you’re trying to get to grips with it for work or study, or maybe you’re trying to master it just for the fun of it? Language learning is nothing new, of course, but technology has made it easier than ever to grasp.The popularity of language-learning apps in particular has boomed around the world, especially as more people are working or studying at home. They are usually easy and convenient to use because you can access them on your smartphone. And apps can offer languages not popular enough to be taught at evening classes or schools or universities.Many of us are aiming to be bilingual to enable us to communicate with people around the world. But, maybe surprisingly, it’s the British, who are not renowned for their enthusiasm for language learning, who are leading the way in the growth of these apps. US firm Duolingo told the BBC that in 2020 new user numbers globally were up 67% compared with 2019, while in the UK they shot up by 132%, almost double the worldwide average. And London-based Busuu, saw a similar trend for learners based in the UK.But for anyone trying their hand at a new language, what motivates them to carry on learning w hen there isn’t a teacher around to manage their progress? Colin Watkins from Duolingo told the BBC that for UK learners at least, “people are learning because of culture,brain training, family, and relationships, along with school and travel. We want a positive use of our time, and to do something productive on our phones.” The recent lock-downs have given us more time to do this. Certainly, becoming bilingual or a polyglot is a good thing, and it helps us to bring the world a little closer together.测验与练习Task 1 阅读课文并回答问题。
高考英语外刊阅读及模拟强化训练：笑是一种情绪助推器 (学生版)
Laughter is a Great Mood Booster笑是一种情绪助推器——文章选自《读者文摘》距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
你！作为Mirthy的笑瑜伽领袖，我坚信笑对健康有益。
许多参与者的情绪至少上升了两个点——这是因为没有药物或药片，只是“一点点”的笑声。
原汁原味外刊阅读及模拟强化训练Many people's mood goes slightly downas the days are getting shorter. Even if youdon't suffer from SAD (Seasonal AffectiveDisorder) –also called winter depression–you might feel different than just a fewweeks ago.Does that sound familiar? If so, I hear you and …I have a possible solution for you! As Mirthy's Laughter Yoga Leader, I strongly believe in the health benefits of laughter, which are indeed impressive. The most obvious gain is that it puts people in a good mood. We assess mood levels before and after the Laughter Yoga session. Many participants' mood goes up by at least two points–and that's without drugs or pills, just by “a little bit”of laughter.Dr Madan Kataria who is a medical doctor and created Laughter Yoga did quite a bit of research and found that laughter is a mild antidepressant as it releases endorphins and serotonin.What's more, laughter can be a natural pain killer–again hormones and natural opiates play a big role in it–and without side effects.Laughter is also a great stress relief and reduces the levels of stress hormones in our bodies. If you keep in mind that almost 90% of all illnesses are associated with stress and tension we hold in our body, laughter is an easy remedy, isn't it? So there is some truth in the old saying: “Laughter is the best medicine”- well, at least it's a start!Some people go to the gym first thing in the morning, if that's not your thing, just keep in mind that laughter is an aerobic exercise–probably with much more fun! Research found that ten minutes of laughter equals thirty minutes on the rowing machine–you choose!I could go on, but I'll stop here. For more health benefits, check out the PubMed research database where you'll find over 2,600 references to laughter–or simply join us for the next读后强化训练I. 单句语法填空1. We applied our minds to finding a (solve) to our problem.2. There was a very good atmosphere at the talks and the (participate) believed movement forward was possible.3. It is time to put these arrangements on a (slight) more formal basis.4. It is arguable that giving too much detail may actually be (confuse).5. The building looked as (impress) in actuality as it did in photographs.II.阅读理解1. What does the first paragraph of the article tell us?A. SAD breaks out due to seasonal changes.B. The daytime environment on the earth will be shorter and shorter.C. The surrounding environment will affect people's mood.D. Depression occurs more in winter than in summer.2. Why does Dr. Madan Kataria think laughter can treat depression?A. Because laughter has no side effects.B. Because laughter releases serotonin.C. Because laughter can relieve pain.D. Because laughter can reduce stress.3. What is the purpose of this article?A. Emphasize the benefits of basic meditation for improving mood.B. Tell readers the importance of laughter in preventing and treating diseases.C. Attract more people to participate in the study of Laughter Yoga course.D. Encourage people to laugh more than go to the gym.词汇积累Ⅰ. 核心词汇1. slightly adv. 轻微地；稍微2. solution n. 解决方案3. impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的4. participant n. 参与者；参加者5. relief n. 救济；解脱；宽慰；轻松6.admittedly adv. 诚然7.confusing adj. 令人困惑的8.stretch v. 伸展；拉长Ⅱ. 核心短语1. suffer from 受折磨2. a bit of 有点儿3. check out 退房4. plenty of 很多Ш. 拓展词汇1. antidepressant 抗抑郁药2. opiate 鸦片制剂3. wholeheartedly 完全同意金句赏析1.As Mirthy's Laughter Yoga Leader, I strongly believe in the health benefits of laughter, which are indeed impressive.【句意】作为Mirthy的笑瑜伽领袖，我坚信笑对健康有益，这确实令人印象深刻。
专题05 短呼吸运动比正念冥想更能提升情绪-2023年高考英语外刊阅读及模拟强化训练(教师版)
Short Breathing Exercise Lifts Mood More ThanMindfulness Meditation短呼吸运动比正念冥想更能提升情绪文章选自《新科学家》主题语境：人与自我子语境：运动与健康原文出处：New Scientist 语篇类型：说明文关键词：exercise；mood；breath；technique篇章导读：在一项小型研究中，周期性的叹气——慢慢吸气，然后再短吸一口气，让肺部充分膨胀，然后尽可能长时间地呼气——对提升人们的情绪特别有效。
原汁原味外刊阅读及模拟强化训练Practising a simple breathingexercise for just 5 minutes a day forone month could boost your mood.Melis Yilmaz Balban at StanfordUniversity in California and hercolleagues randomly assigned 114people, average' age 27, across the USto practise one of three breathingexercises or mindfulness meditation for 5 minutes per day at home, at any time that suited them.One breathing exercise was cyclic sighing, which involves inhaling slowly and then taking another short breath in to fully inflate the lungs, before breathing out for as long as possible. Another exercise was box breathing: inhaling, holding the breath, exhaling and holding the exhaled breath again. The last was cyclic hyperventilation. This involves taking longer inhalesand shorter exhales 30 times before exhaling fully.The participants who were assigned to mindfulness meditation didn't practise any breath control, but passively observed their breathing to help focus their awareness on the present moment. All four groups showed improvements in mood and reductions in anxiety after one month, according to daily questionnaires. However, this was more pronounced among those doing the breathing exercises, particularly cyclic sighing, compared with meditation.“We hypothesised that control over your own breathing as opposed to passive observation gives people a more positive feeling about themselves,”says Yilmaz Balban. Cyclic sighing may be the most effective technique for improving mood because it involves longer exhales, which are known to be more calming than inhales, she says. Her team is planning a larger trial involving about 500 people that will compare cyclic sighing with hypnosis for enhancing mood and relieving anxiety.读后强化训练I. 单句语法填空1. The force of the impact knocked the breath out of her.2. The development was bitterly opposed (oppose) by the local community.3. Predictions of an early improvement (improve) in the housing market proved false.4. He doesn't particularly (particular) like the work but he sees it as a means to an end.5. The patients were observed (observe) over a period of several months.II.阅读理解1. Which of the following needs to inhale for a long time before expiring?A. C yclic sighing.B. B ox breathing.C. Meditation.D. C yclic hyperventilation.【答案】D细节理解题。
高考英语外刊阅读及模拟强化训练：男子翻越围栏”撩“大熊猫 (教师版)
Man Climbs over Fence at Zoo to Tease Giant Panda男子翻越围栏“撩”大熊猫文章选自《环球时报》距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
原汁原味外刊阅读及模拟强化训练A man broke into the GiantPanda Pavilion of a zoo inTangshan, North China's HebeiProvince, on Saturday to tease agiant panda. Neither the man northe panda was harmed and theman was taken away by policeimmediately after the incident,the zoo said on Sunday.A video posted online shows a man crouching in front of an adult panda at the zoo and reaching out to touch its head, but the animal jerks away. The near-zero contact between the man and the giant panda prompted gasps from other visitors."Some tourists look for trouble. Everyone loves pandas, but they can't just do what they want!" said the netizen who posted the video.A staff member at the zoo told the media that the panda pavilion is equipped with a glass barrier to separate visitors from the pandas, and it's still unclear how the man got in. The man was taken away by police and security measures will be tightened at the zoo, the staff member added.The public concerns over giant panda Ya Ya in the US have grown into a spontaneous "campaign" among Chinese people all around the world to check how pandas are surviving at home and abroad."I hope Ya Ya and all pandas living at home and abroad can be treated well," said a netizen on the Chinese social media platform Sina Weibo.读后强化训练I. 单句语法填空1. It's one thing to tease (tease) your sister, but it's another to hit her.2. A firewall provides an essential security (secure) blanket for your computer network.3. There was no real barrier (屏障) between reality and fantasy in his mind.4. The time has come for action if these beautiful animals are to survive (survive).5. Stress at work is a matter of concern to staff (全体职工)and management.II.阅读理解1. What do we know about the man who teased the giant pandas?A. He is extremely fond of giant pandas.B. He climbed through the glass barrier.C. He frightened the giant panda.D. He did not suffer any physical harm.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。
高中英语 【高考阅读拔高训练】精选外刊篇章解析 金融时报：Money and Happiness
金融时报：金钱与幸福写在前面的话：篇章阅读一直是高考英语拉分重点，也是同学们一直头疼的问题。
对于阅读部分，同学们一方面要掌握答题技巧，扩充词汇量，另一方面也要拓展自己的阅读面，尤其是阅读一些外刊原文，体会英文地道表达和文章结构的呈现方式。
虽然一开始会很难，但是长期坚持下去，阅读能力就会有质的提升！对于本资料的使用：如果你是阅读一般，平时不能完全看懂文章，答题正确率较低的同学，先不要阅读原文，直接阅读每个段落的词汇详解部分，打好词汇基础。
然后看每个段落的句子分析，再打开本文，进行阅读，回顾词汇及句子分析，感受原文风采。
如果你是阅读能力强，词汇储备量高，答题正确率高的同学，可直接阅读本篇外刊文章，挑战自己，尽最大能力去理解文章中的句子含义，了解文章大意。
之后再看下面的词汇详细介绍，查缺补漏。
如此，进一步提升自己的阅读能力，强化语言实力。
So, are you ready now ? Let's read it!篇章总览来源：本期文章选自《金融时报》2020年1月3日。
主要内容：文章探讨了一个问题：如果英国经济在金融危机过后的表现更好，英国人会更幸福吗？Money and HappinessConsider the good fortune of a country far richer than the UK. Its economy is more than £300 billion bigger and its workers are almost a quarter more productive than Britain's, enjoying wages that are typically £7,000 higher. Households are flush enough to spend thousands more on consumption, just as public services are far better resourced. This economy still faces deep challenges — including entrenched inequality, regional imbalances and climate change — but prosperity generally makes life just that bit easier.As a dismal decade draws to a close, it's worth conjuring up this counterfactual fact— not to torment ourselves with what might have been, nor to relitigate the rights and wrongs of economic recession. Rather, it is a timely moment to ponder how we would feel if things had turned out differently: would richer have meant happier?This may sound like a stupid question to many. Walk across any town or city in the UK and the human cost of economic stagnation is clear. Yet the link between national prosperity and personal well-being is complex. One of the most cited and controversial findings in modern social science, the so-called Easterlin paradox, holds that as nations get richer they tend not to get happier, despite the fact that within a given society those with more money tend to be more satisfied.One reason for this may be that the pain of bad times greatly outweighs the gain from good ones. Just as studies show strong loss-aversion when it comes to individual incomes, the same applies to macroeconomic performance. Across advanced economies, estimates suggest it takes between 2 percent and 6 percent of economic growth to compensate for the harm to personal well-being arising from a 1 percent fall in gross domestic product. As a result, over an economic cycle, nations may struggle to make much headway.小贴士：Easterlin paradox伊斯特林悖论是由美国南加州大学经济学教授理查德· 伊斯特林（R.Easterlin）在1974年的著作《经济增长可以在多大程度上提高人们的快乐》中提出，即：通常在一个国家内，富人报告的平均幸福和快乐水平高于穷人，但如果进行跨国比较，穷国的幸福水平与富国几乎一样高，其中美国居第一，古巴接近美国，居第二。
高中英语外刊阅读教学探究
-052-2021年第49期（总第301期）课堂教学引 言《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版）》（以下简称《课程标准》）指出：“广泛阅读可以让学生体验更丰富的语篇文体，如对话、小说、传记、新闻报道和报刊文章、网络媒体的代表性文章等语篇类型，使他们逐步养成良好的阅读习惯，通过阅读发展阅读能力，通过阅读学习语言和人文、科学知识，通过阅读拓展思维，提高审美、鉴赏和评价的能力［1］。
”随着新课程新教材新高考的实施，英语教学已不再局限于教材。
如何借助外刊的语言素材？如何研发适用于高中学生的外刊读本？如何操作有效的外刊教学？笔者从以下几个方面做了些探究并进行了一些教学实操。
一、精选合适外刊，拓宽学生阅读视野信息技术与高中英语教学的融合让教师和学生有更多的渠道接触丰富多样的外刊读物。
但教师在选择外刊读物时，要考虑文章语言的优质性，关注文章内容的导向性，考虑文章内容传递的价值观。
因此，教师到正规合适的网站获取外刊资源，显得尤为重要。
结合近几年高考语篇的题源，笔者整理出常用的高考外刊网站。
(1)《泰晤士报》 (2)《今日美国》 (3)美国广播公司 (4)英国《观察家》(5)英国《每日电讯报》 (6)美国《新闻周刊》https:// (7)英国《经济学人》 (8)英国广播公司 (9)《纽约时报》 (10)美国全国广播公司 外刊阅读材料话题要覆盖“人与社会”“人与自然”“人与自我”的三大主题，配合教材的单元主题。
教师将课外的拓展阅读材料与教材结合起来，能使教学达到事半功倍的效果。
二、探索有效策略，提高外刊教学有效性外刊英语教学不是拿来主义，不能直接下载使用。
大部分外刊有篇幅长、词汇量大、句式比较复杂的特点。
学生直接阅读，可能会感到内容晦涩难懂，难以坚持下去。
这就要求教师不仅要关注外刊材料与学生认知的匹配度，还要探究新的教学策略，找到合适的教学方法。
（一）控制外刊阅读材料长度通常从网上下载的外刊篇幅较长，学生很难坚持看下去。
高考英语外刊阅读及模拟强化训练：心灵鸡汤——西奥多 罗斯福的人生教训(教师版)
Life Lessons from Theodore Roosevelt西奥多·罗斯福的人生教训距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
原汁原味外刊阅读及模拟强化训练Theodore Roosevelt tooka robust approach to life,which can be summarized as“do what you can with whatyou have, where you are.”Inother words, when you areseeking success, use everyavailable resource.Theodore Roosevelt hadno time for quitters or whiners. He would never accept that something was impossible. Every task, every goal, and every dream can be completed. All you needed to do is to make a start. Use what you have around you to take your first step.Do not make excuses for not doing something. Instead, give all the reasons for setting out to complete the task. There is always an alternative way of approaching a project. Giving up is not one of those alternatives.Neither quitters nor whiners achieve success. They continuously find ways of doing anything. When you are chasing success, don’t give yourself excuses. Instead, challenge yourself.Making the best of what you are given is life-affirming. Achieving success through working to find different ways of doing a task or overcoming an obstacle will make you feel good. Your self-belief and confidence will soar, and you will feel able to tackle whatever else comes along.Theodore Roosevelt was a great advocate of self-discipline. He believed that if we could not control our own lives, how could we lead others? When you impose self-discipline on yourself, you remove indecision and replace it with purposefulness. You become an example to others, which adds to your self-esteem.Imposing self-discipline can involve a measure of sacrifice. Taking a morning run is good for your health, but lazing in bed is a tempting alternative. Self-discipline makes you stick to your plan to exercise every morning.读后强化训练I. 单句语法填空1. Further information is available (avail) on application to the principal.2. The government does not want to go to war unless all other alternatives(alternative) have failed.3. Fundamentally, there are two different approaches (approach) to the problem.4. This is a permanent appointment, requiring commitment (commit) and hard work.5. You have to take capital appreciation (appreciate) of the property into account.II.阅读理解1. Which statement would Theodore Roosevelt agree with?A. You can only rely on yourself when you seek success.B. When you fail, comfort yourself and don't blame yourself too much.C. Complainers will not succeed.D. The first step to success requires the help of others.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。
【高中英语 外刊拓展】专题 30 Puppy love 养狗不只是一种短暂的爱 (教师版)
专题30 Puppy Love 养狗不只是一种短暂的爱备战2021年高考英语外刊精读与练习（教师版）语篇导读：新冠肺炎疫情期间，很多人在家工作，随之，决定开始养狗的人越来越多。
虽然有个能陪伴自己的宠物听起来很美好，但从买狗到到养狗都需重视动物福利，不能只有三分钟热度。
本文就此展开讨论。
Step 1 Vocabulary词汇表animal welfare 动物福利companion 伴侣man’s best friend 狗canine 犬puppy 小狗，幼犬coat（动物的）皮毛pooch 狗breed 品种Cockapoo 可卡颇犬Cocker Spaniels 可卡犬puppy farming 幼犬养殖smuggling 走私，贩卖breeder 饲养动物的人irresponsible 不负责任的legally 合法地，依法rescue centre 救援中心registered 已注册的pet 宠物animal behaviourist 动物行为学专家fear-aggression 害怕受攻击lives have been turned upside down 生活变得一团糟separation anxiety 分离焦虑症Step 2 Reading and understandingFor some people, there’s no better companion than man’s best friend--a dog. This four-legged canine can bring comfort and joy and provide much-needed exercise for you when it needs walkies! This probably explains why dog ownership increased last year because people spent more time at home during the coronavirus pandemic lockdown.It was demand for puppies in particular that saw the biggest increase. Who couldn’t resist their playful personalities, adorable eyes, and super-soft coats?However, as demand for a new pooch increased, so did the price tag. Popular breeds, such as Cockapoos and Cocker Spaniels, saw even sharper price increases, and puppies have been selling for £3,000 or more.Animal welfare charities fear that high prices could encourage puppy farming, smuggling or dog theft. And a BBC investigation found some breeders have been selling puppies and kittens on social media sites –something charities have called “extremely irresponsible”.But despite some new owners purchasing a dog legally, maybe from a rescue centre or registered breeder, they’ve proved to be ill-prepared for life with a new pet, and the pet itself has found it hard to come to terms with life in a new home. Animal behaviourists in the UK have reported a surge in requests to help dogs suffering from fear-aggression after their lives have been turned upside down.Looking to the future, there are concerns about the welfare of these much-loved pets. Ian Atkin, manager of the Oxfordshire Animal Sanctuary in the UK, told the BBC: “At the moment, the dogs are having a great time, but separation anxiety could still surface when people go back to work.” And Claire Calder from the UK’s Dogs Trust rescue charity says “the economic situation also means that some people may find they can’t afford to look after a dog.” Th e message is not to buy a puppy in haste and to pick one that fits into your lifestyle.Step 3 测验与练习Task 1 选词填空完成句子smuggle register companion behaviourists irresponsible breeding legally anxiety breeder puppy1. He was a good friend, a dependable companion.2. My father bought me a puppy as a birthday gift.3. He lived alone, breeding horses and dogs.4. He tried to smuggle diamonds into Japan.5. My brother is a cattle breeder.6. I felt that it was irresponsible to advocate the legalization of drugs.7. Seeing that she's legally old enough to get married, I don't see how you can stop her.8. No register of his death was found.9. Animal behaviourists in the UK have reported a surge in requests to help dogs suffering from fear-aggression after their lives have been turned upside down.10. Anxiety can be caused by lack of sleep.1. He was a good friend, a dependable____________.2. My father bought me a ____________ as a birthday gift.3. He lived alone, ___________ horses and dogs.4. He tried to ____________ diamonds into Japan.5. My brother is a cattle ____________.6. I felt that it was _________________ to advocate the legalization of drugs.7. Seeing that she's ____________ old enough to get married, I don't see how you can stop her.8. No _____________ of his death was found.9. Animal _______________in the UK have reported a surge in requests to help dogs suffering from fear-aggression after their lives have been turned upside down.10. ______________can be caused by lack of sleep.Task 2 阅读课文并回答问题。
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描述与比较类阅读解析对象描述型阅读这类文章以描述为主要写作手法，目的是向读者介绍一个具体的事物，如国家、城市、旅游景点、组织机构、新产品、自然现象、有趣的动植物等等。
这类文章的话题十分广泛，可以涉及人类认知领域和现实生活中的各种主题。
篇章展示The National GalleryDescriptionThe National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2, 300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.LayoutThe modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th to 15th century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling. The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese. The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer. The East Wing houses 18th- to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.Opening HoursThe Gallery is open every day from 10 a.m to 6 p.m (Fridays 10 am to 9 p.m) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.Getting ThereNearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk ) Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).68. In which century's collection can you see religious paintings?A. The 13thB. The 17thC. The 18thD. The 20th69. Where are Leonardo da vincis works shown?A. In the East WingB. In the main West WingC. In the Sainsbury WingD. In the North Wing70. Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?A. Piccadilly CircusB. Leicester SquareC. EmbankmentD Charing Cross专有名词小贴士1. Trafalgar Square特拉法尔加广场，英国伦敦著名广场，坐落在伦敦市中心，东面是伦敦城，北接伦敦的闹市索荷区，南邻白厅大街，西南不远是王宫，适中的地理位置和美丽的建筑，使它成为伦敦的名胜之一。
2. Renoir皮埃尔·奥古斯特·雷诺阿（Pierre-Auguste Renoir，1841—1919）印象派重要画家。
1841年生于法国的小镇里蒙，后来随家搬迁到巴黎。
印象画派成员之一。
以油画著称，亦作雕塑和版画。
3. Van Gogh文森特·威廉·梵高（Vincent Willem van Gogh，1853—1890），荷兰后印象派画家。
代表作有《星月夜》、自画像系列、向日葵系列等。
4. Sainsbury Wing塞恩斯伯里翼楼，英国国家美术馆的扩建项目。
小题解析【原文简析】这是一篇介绍英国国家美术馆的语篇，属于静态描述类的说明文，分四个部分，分别介绍了美术馆的概况：位置、展品、展品布局、开放时间以及附近的地铁站。
其中，展品布局部分采用了division (将整体分解为几个组成部分) 的信息组织模式。
文章难度不大，关键在于信息的准确查找。
尤其是第二部分涉及较多画家的名字，学生一看，会觉得很头疼，但其实这些陌生难懂的英文名称并不影响做题，尤其是当你知道它们只是个名字之后。
【答案解析】68.考查查找特定信息(时间)的能力，属于细节理解题。
根据第一段中的ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings to...可知人们可以在这里看到13世纪的宗教图画。
B、C、D三项中的图画都没有涉及religious这个词。
正确答案为A项。
69.考查查找特定信息(地点)的能力，属于细节理解题。
由第三段中的The main West Wing houses 16th century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci...可知，达·芬奇的作品可以在the main West Wing中看到，因此选B。
其他几个地方都没有展出达·芬奇的画。
正确答案为B项。
70.考查查找并比较特定信息的能力，属于细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的Nearest underground stations：Charing Cross (2minute walk)... 可知，Charing Cross离国家美术馆只有步行2分钟的路程，其他几个地方离国家美术馆的距离都比Charing Cross远。
正确答案为D项。
词汇精炼难句剖析【难句1】It houses a diverse collection of more than 2, 300 examples of European art ranging from 13th century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh.【句子翻译】这里收藏了2, 300多件欧洲艺术品，从13世纪的宗教画到更现代的雷诺阿(Renoir)和梵高(Van Gogh)的作品。
【句式分析】本句是一个简单句，句子主干是 It houses a diverse collection。
后面ranging from 是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的 2, 300 examples of European art。
其中range from A to B 是固定搭配，意为“范围从A到B”。
句子中modern ones 中的代词ones 代指paintings 。
异同比较型阅读这类文章主要是比较两个人物或事物之间的异同。
英语中compare(类比)表示发现两个人物或事物的共同点或相似点; contrast(对比)指发现两个人物或事物之间的差异。
在作比较时,不可避免地要对两个人物或事物进行描述。
篇章展示Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food in the laboratory. Chimps don't naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random--he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better atunderstanding the social world.The core of what children minds have and chimps don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer at what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a we group that intends to work toward a shared goal.58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A. Chimps seldom care about others' interest.B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food.D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.59. Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they______A. have the instinct to help others.B. know how to offer help to adults.C. know the world better than chimps.D. trust adults with their hands full.60. The passage is mainly about______A. the helping behaviors of young children.B. ways to train children, shared intentionality.C. cooperation as a distinctive human nature.D. the development of intelligence in children.小题解析【原文简析】这是一篇科普说明文，阐明合作是人类本能，采用了类比与对比( comparison and contrast ) 的写作手法( 通过人类与黑猩猩在合作行为上的对比，发现两者的差异)。