且听风吟(好书推荐)剖析教学文稿
高中语文第七单元话题前言情感教学案新人教版选修《外国小说欣赏》(2021年整理)
2017-2018学年高中语文第七单元话题前言情感教学案新人教版选修《外国小说欣赏》编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(2017-2018学年高中语文第七单元话题前言情感教学案新人教版选修《外国小说欣赏》)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为2017-2018学年高中语文第七单元话题前言情感教学案新人教版选修《外国小说欣赏》的全部内容。
第七单元话题前言情感[话题诠释]一、情感富有魅力,小说离不开情感1.小说是情感的记录“文学是人学",既然以人为本,而人又是富于情感的,所以就无法不写人性、写人情.人性的复杂无不由情感体现:嫉妒、悲愤、喜悦、狂热、迷恋、恼恨、悔恨、忧伤、凄楚、悲苦……小说就是对这些情感的艺术性的记录.2.小说创作也要作家情感的融入创作本身也是作家的一种情感需求。
写作源于一种想“说”的冲动,这种冲动往往是一种情感的激发。
作家往往有着异于常人的敏感。
他们内心复杂,感情细腻。
巴尔扎克在写作时,常常处于一种亢奋的状态,他时而大笑,时而悲哭,还时常与作品中的人物对话,有时还和作品中的人物大吵大闹起来。
3.情感使小说更能打动人一篇给人留下难以磨灭印象的小说,除了思想的力量外,情感也有着不可忽视的作用.情之所至,金石为开。
情感的存在,使小说可以超越知识水平、地位教养,被广大的读者理解.一篇渗透着情感的小说,可能比一篇思想深刻、复杂多义的小说,打动的人更多。
小说里的爱恨情仇永远都不会过时.我们被那些有血性的人物所打动,被那些刻骨铭心的爱情所打动,也被那些荡气回肠的英雄气概所打动.二、小说对于情感处理的原则和方法1.原则(1)节制胜于放纵。
幽默的青春序曲——评村上春树《且听风吟》的语言艺术风格
幽默的青春序曲——评村上春树《且听风吟》的语言艺术风格小说《且听风吟》是日本当代作家村上春树的处女作,也是他的重要代表作之一。
这部作品以战后日本社会为背景,讲述了主人公“我”与朋友们的邂逅与交往,描绘了日本年轻人的孤独、空虚和无奈,揭示了光怪陆离的社会现象和不可思议的人世沧桑。
此外,这部作品的新颖之处还表现在它的语言艺术风格上。
作者不但行文简洁明快,而且还巧妙地运用比喻、夸张和嘲讽等语言艺术手段,营造出一种幽默的作品氛围。
一、比喻“比喻”也叫“譬喻”,是修辞学上词格之一。
思想的对象同另外的事物有了类似点,就用那另外的事物来比拟这思想的对象。
比喻的成立,实际上需要有三个要素,亦即:思想的对象、另外的事物和类似点。
因此,形式上就有正文、比喻和比喻语词三个成分。
而在几种比喻的具体方式中,“明喻”被普遍地使用。
明喻用于表明比喻和被比喻的相类似关系,在正文和比喻这两个成分之间一般要用“似”、“若”、“象”、“如同”和“好比”等比喻语词。
如:“鲁迅的杂文似匕首,如投枪,直刺敌人的心脏[2]24-25。
”村上春树也在大量地运用比喻来构建自己的作品世界。
比如,他在《且听风吟》的第1章中,道白了主人公“我”的人生经历:……(我)不知多少次被人重创,遭人欺骗,给人误解,同时也经历了许多莫可言喻的体验。
各种各样的人赶来向我倾诉,然后浑如过桥一般带着声响从我身上走过,再也不曾返回。
……“我”充分体验了人生的酸甜苦辣,目睹了社会的世态炎凉。
人们在遭遇困难的时候,就拿你当做一颗救命稻草。
等他们缓过劲来、飞黄腾达之后,就会把你甩在一边去。
俗话讲,这就是“用人朝前,不用人朝后”。
这些人“浑如过桥一般带着声响从我身上走过,再也不曾返回。
”一语道出了“我”的失望和悲凉。
这句比喻非常形象直白,丝毫没有牵强附会之嫌,反倒有一种豪情爽快之感。
另外,在该作品的第7章中,还有这样的比喻:“再喝点?”医生问。
我摇摇头。
房间只剩我们两人面面相觑。
村上春树_且听风吟_的文本价值
602村上春树《且听风吟》的文本价值尚一鸥1 尚 侠2(1.东北师范大学外国语学院,吉林长春130024; 2.东北师范大学日本研究所,吉林长春130024) 摘要:《且听风吟》是名满天下的日本作家村上春树的处女作,同时也是村上小说的语言风格、写作技巧和后现代主义艺术氛围的源头与雏形,是作家从摆脱日文小说文本平庸拖沓的理念出发,借鉴美国现代小说简洁明快的文风,所完成的小说文本的革命性变革,是当代日本小说精神和文学价值的重要体现。
关键词:村上春树;后现代性;语言革命;文本价值中图分类号:I3131074 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0257-0246(2009)06-0206-04如今已名满天下的村上春树,不仅是日本当代文坛的领军人物,也是一位“世界上名声最大的日本作家”①。
他的小说创作及其所引发的久盛不衰的“村上现象”,标示着战后日本乃至整个人类的某种革命性的文学变革与走向。
1979年6月,村上春树以长篇小说《且听风吟》荣膺当年的“群像新人文学奖”。
评选委员会由佐佐木基一、佐多稻子、岛尾敏雄、丸谷才一和吉行淳之介等五位资深作家、评论家和翻译家组成。
获奖使《且听风吟》精装本的销量超过了15万册,此前默默无闻的村上因此而一举成名。
一、青春咏叹的个中三昧 “我决定写一部小说,两个关键词是‘第一人称’和‘70年代’。
”②这意味着村上想要做的是将社会的也是自身的一段重要经历艺术化。
《且听风吟》在篇幅上介于中篇与长篇之间,由40个章节构成。
按照作家自己的表述,这些场景并不是按时间顺序排布的,而是分别摄取,单独完成,再将它们串联在一起的。
“此前我没有任何写作经验,对小说写法一知半解,所以也管不了那么许多,只求把心里的东西毫无保留地写出来而已”③。
然而,多少有些混乱的结构中,再清楚不过的却是作品的时间框定。
为此,小说的第2章作了特别的处理,整个章节只有一句话:“故事从1970年8月8日开始,结束于18天以后,即同年的8月26日。
村上春树《且听风吟》的语言魅力赏析
是《1973 年的弹子球》和《寻羊冒险记》。
“我”记不记得这个女孩,“我”想起了往事。 因为帮助一个女
《且听风吟》没有复杂的故事情节,主要描写了“我”在 21 孩找到隐形眼镜,女孩借给“我”一张《加利福尼亚少女》的唱
岁夏天的一段艳遇。 一天晚上,“我”在酒吧遇到一个醉酒的 片,结果听完后弄丢了。 接到电话之后,尘封的往事又被提
村上春树《且听风吟》的语言魅力赏析
李春妹 赤峰学院,内蒙古赤峰 024000
[摘要] 《且听风吟》是日本作家村上春树的处女作,发表于 1979 年。 小说的故事情节简单,主要讲述了一段青春艳遇。
人物 也 只 有 三 四 个 。 但 在 语言 和 创 作 技 巧 上 ,作 者 摆脱 了 日 本 传 统 小 说 叙 事的 平 庸 拖 沓 的 文 本 模 式 ,借鉴 了 美 国 小 说
村上春树的小说的特点是, 小说中的人物都是 “无名 氏 ”,《且 听 风 吟 》中 的 主 人 公 对 自 己 的 名 和 姓 都 没 提 ,“我 ” 的好友鼠是外号,酒吧老板杰是中国人,这个名字也不是 完整的名字。 其中的女主人公也没有名字,读者只能用她 和 自 己 双 胞 胎 妹 妹 区 分 的 主 要 特 征— —— 无 小 指 来 指 代 , 前 面的三个女友和借唱片的女孩也没名字。 奇怪的是,读者 却能分清。
在表现青春迷乱的同时 ,作者不仅写了“我”的青春迷 的,两人相处了一个星期,最后女孩悄无声息地走了,临走时
乱,也写到了鼠的失恋,少了一根小指女孩的失恋和迷茫。 还 还留下一句“讨厌的家伙”。 人,这些人组合在一起,形成了 但第二年春天就在学校树林里自缢身亡。
女孩,这个女孩的主要标志就是左手少了一根小手指。 为了 起,于是我赶紧去买这张唱片。 结果遇到了一面之缘的无小
七年级上册文本阅读教学备课提要
七年级上册文本阅读教学备课提要泉州八中傅淑惠第一单元:叙事性记叙文一、有关教材调整本单元共4篇课文:《忆读书》、《风筝》、《我的第一次文学尝试》、《山中避雨》。
根据教学需要,后两篇自读课改为《羚羊木雕》、《柳叶儿》。
二、单元教学内容说明《忆读书》生动回忆了作者幼时、少时读书的经历及多年来读书的经验,旨在勉励青少年“读书好,多读书,读好书”。
《风筝》通过对风筝事件的叙述和严肃的自我解剖,批判了那些受封建思想影响、无端压制子弟的父兄,表达了对冷酷现实的极端憎恶和对春日温和的热烈憧憬。
《羚羊木雕》写的是一家人因为一件贵重的工艺品而发生的很不愉快的事情:一个孩子“自作主张”地把父亲送给她的“贵重东西”(羚羊木雕)转送给了朋友,父母逼着她向朋友要回了那东西。
课文提出了这样的问题:怎样既敬重父母,又尊重孩子的情感。
《柳叶儿》描写了童年时代,在那严重饥荒的岁月,上树爬高、抢柳叶儿、吃柳叶儿的乐趣,抒写了对柳叶儿的特殊的感情。
三、单元教学重难点1、引导学生学会阅读叙事性记叙文。
2、有效地引导学生品味生动、形象、富有表现力的语言,体味作者充溢在字里行间的真情实感。
四、教学建议应注意初中和小学的衔接,讲授新课前可先介绍一下记叙文阅读应注意哪些问题。
同时根据本单元教学重点,教学时可从记叙要素入手,把握课文的脉络和作者的写作思路,进而抓住课文要点,掌握课文的中心。
五、《忆读书》备课提要《忆读书》可以说是作者的一篇随笔,介绍了自己与书几十年的渊源,作者的感悟就是:读书好,多读书,读好书。
文章看似闲散、随意,其实处处不离文章主线,处处不离文章主旨。
根据本文行文特色,提供一下教学程序供参考:首先让学生整体感知,找出文章核心,然后依据核心从三个方面分析全文,最后结合作者的体会,学生发表自己的看法并指导以后的实践。
本文教学重点是“读书好”这一部分,应着重引导理解,教学时还可引导学生阅读《读本》中叶文玲写的《我的长生果》,加深理解。
淡而有味的人生教科书——以《边城》为例的任务群驱动式整本书阅读教学
淡而有味的人生教科书——以《边城》为例的任务群驱动式整本书阅读教学福建省浦城县第二中学 徐 伟一、作品的选择沈从文的《边城》是“附录2关于课内外读物的建议”中小说部分的推荐书目之一。
这本书以兼具抒情诗和小品文的优美笔触,作为文质兼美的中篇小说,非常适合作为高一学生展整本书阅读教学的材料。
二、整本书阅读前期准备首先,充分的时间提前量。
在整本书阅读教学开展之前的一个月就着手布置阅读教学工作。
其次,建立语文阅读学生微信群。
用于交流阅读心得体会,讨论疑难问题、签到打卡、资源分享等。
再次,利用专题时间,解读整本书阅读的意义,明确阅读价值作用。
动员学生认真对待整本书阅读活动,提出相应的管理要求。
特别强调整本书阅读首先是“养性”,涵养性情,静下心来读书,感受读书之美,养成良好读书习惯的作用。
最后,至少要读两遍。
第一遍建议“连滚带爬”“连猜带蒙”地浏览、快读、跳读和猜测,“囫囵吞枣”整体感知。
第二遍建议从最感动自己的故事、人物、场景、语言入手欣赏语言表达的精彩,梳理小说感人场景,厘清人物关系,感受人物形象,三、整本书阅读的要求与方法1.阅读要着眼全景。
利用目录:可以迅速对这本书的基本结构有总体认识,可以了解作者的主要思路,以及全书讨论的核心概念和主要内容;利用序跋:了解本书的特点、核心观点、基本架构等关键信息;利用注释,学习检索作者信息、作品背景、相关评价等资料,深入研读作家作品。
2.阅读要选择版本。
教师罗列出几个不同的版本,指出每个版本的优缺点,在比较的基础上确定选择一两个版本建议参考阅读。
学生通过学习选择阅读版本,学会鉴别精选,养成严谨做学问的意识。
3.阅读要讲究方法。
(1)教授学生浏览、快读、猜读、跳读的方法和注意事项,并要求在《边城》第一遍阅读中进行实践训练。
(2)指导学生学习做读书笔记的方法。
在主要的、重要的、有力量的句子下画底线;在空白处编号,对作者主要观点编出顺序号,在书页的空白处做笔记,把阅读的问题和答案、全书的关键情节发展顺序等旁批出来。
开启名著阅读之旅,感悟花样七彩人生——整本书阅读策略在教学小说单元中的应用与实施
开启名著阅读之旅,感悟花样七彩人生——整本书阅读策略在教学小说单元中的应用与实施发布时间:2021-04-12T11:30:24.220Z 来源:《中国教师》2021年5月作者:应文香[导读] 随着课程改革的深入,阅读已经成为世界范围讨论的主题,虽然大家都意识到阅读整本书的重要性,但缺少一个系统且有效的方法。
通过对六年级下册语文第二单元外国名著节选的实际教学,采用了解作者、借助情节分析人物形象、感悟作品主题来降低学生阅读难度,攻克阅读情感障碍、激发学生阅读兴趣,最后学以致用,学习作者的写作手法。
应文香义乌市前店小学 322000【内容摘要】随着课程改革的深入,阅读已经成为世界范围讨论的主题,虽然大家都意识到阅读整本书的重要性,但缺少一个系统且有效的方法。
通过对六年级下册语文第二单元外国名著节选的实际教学,采用了解作者、借助情节分析人物形象、感悟作品主题来降低学生阅读难度,攻克阅读情感障碍、激发学生阅读兴趣,最后学以致用,学习作者的写作手法。
【关键词】策略情节人物形象以点带面主题中图分类号:G688.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:ISSN1672-2051 (2021)5-167-01一本好的书就像一艘轮船,带领我们从狭隘的地方,驶向无限广阔的海洋。
随着课程改革的不断深入,阅读已经成为世界范围讨论的主题。
上世纪四十年代,叶圣陶老先生在总结我国语文教育存在的弊端时指出: "把整本书作主体,把单篇短章作辅佐”,这是叶老第一次明确提出要读整本书。
本文主要浅谈整本书阅读策略在部编版六年级下册语文第二单元中教学外国文学名著的应用与实施。
一、时光穿梭,了解作者在教学过程中,我发现学生经常容易忽视对作者、对当时作者所处的时代的剖析,但一部好的作品,往往离不开作者本身的成长生活经历,更离不开他的时代背景。
因此了解作者,更有利于帮助学生了解他的作品。
(一)巧设疑问,产生兴趣虽然是六年级的学生,但仍保留浓浓的童心。
日本文学作品《且听风吟》的语言特色赏析
日本文学作品《且听风吟》的语言特色赏析作者:张舒婷来源:《大观》2018年第02期摘要:在精神文化的养成过程中,文学作品的品读成为最重要也是关注度最高的一项内容。
纵观世界各个国家的文学作品,均呈现出五彩斑斓的特点,每一个国家的文学内容都有着自身的特点。
文章重点分析的就是日本文学作品《且听风吟》,主要分析其中的语言特点,以此为我国文学作品未来的发展做出良好的贡献,打下坚实的基础。
关键词:日本;文学作品;《且听风吟》;语言特色《且听风吟》是村上春树创作的第一部文学作品,其对日本的文学历史有着非常重要的影响,并且受到众多人的关注。
村上春树也是因为这一作品走向了文学事业的高峰,在这部作品中,村上春树展现出了非常具有文学色彩的内涵,同时其中的文学宣言性质也充分表达出作者本身对于死亡和性内容的超然心态和感受。
在《且听风吟》中村上春树展现出其自然的心态,以及释然的写作态度、创作理念,这些思想和心理状态为作者的创作提供了最佳思路,同时也保证了其语言和写作特点上的独特风格,因此本文对其进行分析,以期能够为我国文学发展做出贡献。
一、《且听风吟》的语言艺术风格(一)语言简洁、质朴在篇幅本身不长的《且听风吟》小说中,作者利用自身的语言内涵和特色词语,促使读者深刻的感受到相对非常简单质朴的语句,同时也能够在阅读中感受到作者的情感,以此对心理上的情绪进行良好的释放,同时这样的语言描述方式也促使整个作品内容变得非常简单,语言质朴,保证读者能够在根本上了解文章的中心思想和内涵。
(二)蕴意丰富、生动村上春树的《且听风吟》作品的语言风格非常质朴,其作品的主要描述方向就是通过对当时社会黑暗情境的分析,以及对读者内心深处的了解和描述,把人们的主要思想内涵进行展现,以此激发读者对于这一作品内容产生共鸣。
所以也能够看出,虽然《且听风吟》这部文学作品的语言风格非常简单,但是却完全没有影响到整个作品中丰富的蕴意和描述内容的生动形象。
所以这也能够看出,文学作品的描写和叙述,并不完全需要华丽的辞藻,更需要的是简朴文字中所包含和具有的引人入胜的魅力,以此吸引读者对于文章内容的注意力,把读者自身的思想内涵充分地融入到整个作品之中,这样才能够利用文字和词语,紧紧吸引读者,把读者整体思想引入作品内涵之中。
浅析初中语文阅读教学中的分层指导策略_1
浅析初中语文阅读教学中的分层指导策略发布时间:2021-06-18T11:10:45.930Z 来源:《中国教师》2021年2月第6期作者:梁慧丽[导读] 自古至今,名著在我国一直具有十分强大的影响力梁慧丽山西省吕梁市文水县城镇中学 032100摘要:自古至今,名著在我国一直具有十分强大的影响力,并且,为了提升初中生的文化素质,在当代初中语文课堂教学中,已经积极加入了名著阅读的部分。
而从事实上来看,虽然对名著进行阅读能够有效提升初中生的文学素养、道德情操,同时还具有多方面优势,但是事实上,仍然需要教师给予学生相应的指导,以保障学生能够对名著内容进行正确理解,从而逐渐养成科学且良好的阅读习惯,并能够对阅读成果进行有效应用,从而使自身的阅读能力得到有效发挥。
基于此,本篇文章对初中语文阅读教学中的分层指导策略进行研究,以供参考。
关键词:初中语文;阅读教学;分层指导;策略引言新课程标准根据语文学科工具性和人文性相统一的特点,对学生的语文综合素养发展提出多维度要求,其中包括语言的建构与运用,学习能力、学习品质的培养,情感价值以及人文素养的发展等。
而在初中语文课程教学中,围绕学生的推进课程目标的落实则是教学有效性最基本的体现。
阅读是语文学科的重要模块,在初中语文教学指导中,教师不仅要重视学生阅读基础知识、基本能力的培养,还应该强调学生的情感态度发展,引导学生养成良好的阅读习惯,在阅读中接受文化熏陶。
但是,从目前初中语文教学情况来看,学生阅读综合素养的发展存在明显的短板。
因此,教师应围绕阅读中教与学之间的互动沟通,探究合理有效的阅读指导策略。
1阅读教学的意义学生通过阅读能够了解他人的观点与想法,形成正确的世界观、人生观、价值观。
具体来说,开展语文阅读教学对于学生有三方面的意义。
首先,能够使学生形成自我意识。
在阅读过程中,学生会接触到许多名人的观点、想法以及内心世界,这有助于自我意识的形成,能使学生认识到自身的独一无二性,不随波逐流。
读书心得——《且听风吟》中的陌生化浅析
读书心得——《且听风吟》中的陌生化浅析一、前言《且听风吟》是村上春树的第一部作品,译成中文不到七万字。
从这之后他便开始了漫长的创作生涯。
《且听风吟》一经问世,便获得了日本纯文学杂志《群像》设立的“新人文学奖”,评委们所给出的评语也引人深思。
女作家佐多稻子说:“《且听风吟》我读了两次,第一次读便感觉很有意思。
为了找到魅力所在,我又读了第二次,结果趣味仍然不减。
这就是作品无需解释的艺术力量。
”②她的评语恰恰说明了《且听风吟》的成功之处,即语言和形式的特殊所给读者带来了耳目一新的感觉。
这和“陌生化”理论所强调的“使对象陌生,使形式变得困难,增加感觉的难度和时间的长度,设法延长审美感受”③不谋而合。
因此,运用“陌生化”理论来分析《且听风吟》是有必要的。
自1979年《且听风吟》发表以来,国内外关于村上及其作品的研究论文可谓层出不穷。
在我国,对于村上的研究的开端可认为是1989年由林少华翻译的《挪威的森林》的出版。
近年来,研究《且听风吟》的论文也逐渐增多,大多是解读其语言特色、文本价值、成长叙事研究、互文性文本策略、写作手法的运用等等。
本文在借鉴这些论文的基础上,主要以“陌生化”理论为框架,分析《且听风吟》中的陌生化倾向,探索村上运用“陌生化”手法的目的和意义。
二、《且听风吟》中语言的陌生化什克洛夫斯基在《作为技巧的艺术》一文中指出:“艺术之所以存在,就是为使人恢复对生活的感觉,就是为使人感受事物,使石头显出石头的质感。
艺术的目的就是要人感受到事物,而不是仅仅知道事物。
艺术的技巧就是使对象陌生,使形式变得困难,增加感觉的难度和时间长度,因为感觉过程本身就是审美目的,必须设法延长。
艺术是体验对象的艺术构成的一种方式;而对象本身并不重要。
”④从这个意义上说,“陌生化”欲使之“陌生”的是表现对象,即描写客体,而呈现描写客体必不可少的中介是语言。
因此,“陌生化”理论使之“陌生”的除表现对象之外,还有语言。
在《且听风吟》中,语言的陌生化主要体现在以下两个方面:第一、语言简洁直白,节奏紧凑。
《且听风吟》读后感(精选6篇)
《且听风吟》读后感《且听风吟》读后感(精选6篇)当细细地品读完一本名著后,想必你有不少可以分享的东西,是时候静下心来好好写写读后感了。
可能你现在毫无头绪吧,以下是小编帮大家整理的《且听风吟》读后感(精选6篇),欢迎大家分享。
《且听风吟》读后感1第一次接触村上春树先生的作品是读他的《挪威的森林》,那时候没有先特意去了解村上春树先生,也没有看过他人对村上春树先生作品的评价,反正拿起来就读。
一开始读完村上春树先生的作品后,我有点说不清村上春树先生表达的东西,不知道怎的就是无法用语言来形容读后内心的感觉。
反正就是有点被卷进了一种莫名的情绪,年轻里头的孤独、无奈还有一点点的不安。
后来是两年前又读了村上春树先生《且听风吟》一书,大致也还是跟读完《挪威的森林》一样的感觉,读后心里面的感觉很难用一个词语去形容,总的来说我不喜欢这种感觉。
大概是年轻的我内心对于这种孤独、无奈、不安以及似有非有的怀念是有点抗拒的,但没读明白最近又忍不住看了一些书评后再去读了一遍。
《且听风吟》是村上春树先生的处女作。
村上春树先生用了很独特的方式去写作,读读其他的小说,就可以很明显看出二者之间的差异所在。
正如村上春树先生本人所说的一样“……总的说来黏乎乎让人不好受……”,我理解的是除了在写作内容村上春树先生有所挑之外,语言表达方面村上春树先生也喜欢简明、清爽的方式。
所以《且听风吟》一书内容也给人简明、清爽的感觉,句子不长,对话简单,故事也不繁冗。
可就是在这简明、清爽的句子里面,藏着村上春树先生关于年轻时期许许多多的回忆与情绪,也正是这许许多多的回忆与情绪让我记住了这本书。
读到书后面的几节,我才感受到前面所写的,我原觉得多么寂寥的一切是村上春树先生对过去如此深深的怀念。
逝去的年轻时光就如“那位左手只有四个手指的女孩,我再也未曾见过。
……在人的洪流与时间的长河中消失得无影无踪”。
虽然“等到夏天回去,我便经常走那条同她一起走过的路,坐在仓库石阶上一个人眼望大海”,但又如何?心里虽是还装着满满的怀念,但物还在人早已消殆。
《文学经典名篇欣赏与解析》教学设计方案
案例分析法
案例选择:选择具有代表 性的文学经典名篇
问题设置:根据案例内容 设置相关问题
分析讨论:引导学生分析 案例,讨论问题
总结评价:教师总结学生 的分析讨论,给予评价和
指导
自主学习法
学生自主选择学 习内容
学生自主制定学 习计划
学生自主进行学 习活动
学生自主评估学 习效果
添加标题
添加标题
图书馆资源:利 用图书馆的藏书,
提供文学经典名 篇的纸质版资源
专家讲座:邀请 文学专家进行讲 座,讲解文学经 典名篇的背景、
意义和价值
学生交流:组织 学生进行小组讨 论和交流,分享 对文学经典名篇
的理解和感悟
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Part Seven
教学评价与反思
学生评价
评价标准:知识 掌握、理解能力、
添加标题
添加标题
Part Five
教学过程
导入环节
激发学生对文学经典名篇的 兴趣和热情
介绍文学经典名篇的背景和 意义
引导学生思考文学经典名篇 的主题和内涵
介绍文学经典名篇的主要内 容和人物角色
知识讲解环节
介绍文学经典名 篇的背景和作者
讲解文学经典名 篇的主要内容和
情节
分析文学经典名 篇的主题和思想
教学反思与改进
教学目标:明确教学目标,确 保学生能够理解和掌握文学经
典名篇的内容和意义。
教学效果:关注学生的学 习效果,通过作业、测试 等方式评估学生的学习情 况,并根据评估结果进行
教学调整。
教学方法:采用多种教学方法, 如讲解、讨论、小组合作等, 以激发学生的学习兴趣和参与
英文PDF
Study of Intelligent Control System in Air-conditioning System Experiment InstallationJiangjiang Wang and Youyin JingSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding,Hebei Province, 071003, Chinajiangjiang3330@Abstract - Acco rding to the applicatio n situatio n o f centralair-co nditio ning system in China, an experiment installatio n o fintelligent air-conditioning system is designed which is based onBAS (Building Automation System) of EBI (Enterprise BuildingsIntegrato r) o f Auto mated Lo gic Co rpo ratio n. This study is toanalyze the co mpo sitio n and characteristics o f this installatio n.The hardware and software are presented. The software includesthe EBI and CARE (Co mputer Aided RegulationEngineering) of the corresponding upper and lower computer. At last the control strategy of the installation is discussed, which includes the cascade co ntro l and hybrid fuzzy-PID co ntro l algo rithms. Especially the supply air temperature and air-conditioning room air temperature is controlled coordinately by adjusting the air system and water system. By flexibly co nfiguring the so ftware and hardware o f the system, this installation can fulfill various research tasks as air-conditioning system characteristics, indo o r airflo w and co ntro l strategy, and the economy running mode of air-conditioning system.Index Terms – Intelligent control system, air-conditioning system, control strategy, fuzzy-PID.I.I NTRODUCTIONThe energy consumption of buildings has been about 30% to 40% of total energy consumption in the China as in [1], in which the energy consumption of heating ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is about 10% to 60% as in [2]. Indoor environment and indoor air quality are more and more exigent with the requirement of comfortable. So it is urgent to decrease the energy consumption in HVAC system on the precondition of keeping up comfort in the air-conditioning space.In all energy-saving means, the automation of buildings and the management of equipments of HVAC system are also the better manners to decrease the energy consumption. With the recent development of automation in HVAC system rapidly, it is well known that the automation has the advantages of maintaining comfortable indoor environment, saving energy and providing convenient management, etc.However, the uncertainties and factors, from the indoors and outdoors, are so many that the HVAC system is affected and the performance of control system is not ideal in China, even the automation doesn’t operate in some buildings. The operation of some control systems can not stabilize and save energy as [3]. It is important to study the HVAC system, specially the control strategy. The study of HVAC system can provide some useful data or conclusion to the design, installation, debugging and operation of HVAC system. Though some studies have already involved the advanced control algorithm in HVAC system as in [4] to [6] etc, it was regretful not to do experiments to validate. These advanced control algorithms are not validated whether the simulation can be suitable to the actual HVAC system.Considering the present status of HVAC system, we designed and constructed the air-conditioning system experiment installation, which could be used to study the characteristics of air-conditioning system, indoor airflow, economy running mode and control strategy and algorithm in air-conditioning system, even the HVAC system, etc.This intelligent control system of experiment installation was designed which was based on the Building Automation System (BAS) of Enterprise Buildings Integrator (EBI) of an Automated Logic Corporation. This paper introduces the hardware and software of the control system in the air-conditioning experiment installation, emphasizes the EBI and C omputer Aided Regulation Engineering (CARE) software of the corresponding upper and lower computer, and studies the intelligent control strategy of air-handling unit (AHU), which includes the supply air’s temperature control, the temperature and humidity control of air-conditioning room.II.D ESIGN O F I NTELLIGENT C ONTROL S YSTEMA. Air-conditioning System Experiment InstallationThe experiment equipments of air-conditioning system include AHU, electric steam boiler, water chilling unit, full-automatic water softener, feed pump, adjustable electric heater and control system, etc.There are two AHUs, K-1 and K-2, in the experiment installation. When the outdoor air does not satisfy the experiment’s required work condition, the K-1 AHU will handle the outdoor air to the setting state. The K-1 AHU mainly includes the surface air cooler, steam heater and steam humidifier. The purpose of K-1 AHU is to handle and simulate the outdoor air.The main purpose of K-2 AHU is to study the performance of air-conditioning system and correlation control strategy and algorithm.The K-2 AHU includes primary air mixture, filter, primary heater, surface air cooler, secondary air mixture, secondary heater and humidifier. The handled air by the K-2 AHU is sent to room by forced draught blower. The supply airProceedings of the2006IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation June25-28,2006,Luoyang,Chinais heated once again by the adjustable electric heater in the ending of duct, and then enters into the room.The equipments and control points in K-2 AHU are more than K-1 AHU’s and additionally the K-1 AHU is similar to the K-2 AHU. Here the monitored system of only K-2 AHU’s air system is shown Fig.1.In Fig.1 TH denotes the integrated sensor of temperature and humidity, P stands for the pressure sensor, T stands for the temperature sensor, F stands for the air flux sensor and TG stands for the high temperature alarm that keeps the electric heater from too high temperature.The monitored system of K-2 AHU’s water system is shown in Fig.2. The tap water enters into the soft water tank after softened in the automation water softener and then is sent to the electric steam boiler by the feed pump. The water in boiler is heated, evaporated and converted to saturated steam. The steam is delivered to the two AHUs’ heater and humidifier.The chilled water is supplied by the chilled unit, which is directly cooled by the air. Before the operation of air-conditioning system, the cool water system is overflow through the water replenishing. During the course of operation, the chilled water is sent from the chilled unit to the surface air cooler by the inner water circulating pump in chilled unit and then returns to the chilled water after heated by the handled air.The air-conditioning space is a standard room, which is 4.4 meters length, 2.5 meters width and 2.5 meters height. The room is assembled in heated board. Outside the room, there is an interlayer, whose air is supplied by the K-1 AHU and simulates the outdoor work condition.B. Hardware of Intelligent Control SystemThe control system of this air-conditioning system experiment installation was designed and developed in the EBI system. The whole system consists of such hardware as the central work station, direct digit controllers (DDC), sensors and performers and on.The work station is the standard computer and directly communicates with the field controller. The station mainly monitors and manages the operation of equipments of air-conditioning system and the temperature and relative humidity to satisfy the experiments.On the side, the operation parameters of air-conditioning system can be inquired or even some parameters, for example the PID control parameters, the sampling period and the setting temperature and humidity, can be modified on the work station.The DDC filed controller can independently monitor and control the temperature and humidity, the alarm of obstructed filter and the state of fan etc.The sensors in the air-conditioning system included integral temperature and humidity sensor for air duct system, and the PT1000 temperature sensor, the pressure senor for air system and flow sensor etc.The electric control valve of surface air cooler is three-way valve, which is geometric proportion characteristic. The electric valves of primary heater, secondary heater and humidifier are geometric proportion two-way steam valve.Additionally the water chilling unit and the electric steam boiler have respective controller, which connect the EBI system based on the communication protocol.C. Software of Intelligent Control SystemThe software of air-conditioning experiment system includes two subsystems. One is the monitor and management system on the work station; another is the intelligent control system on the DDC field controller. The software of station is EBI system and the software of DDC is programmed inCARE.Fig. 1 The air system of air-conditioning system installationFig. 2 The water system of air-conditioning system installationEBI is a sophisticated management and control application that:• Displays system data in a manner that you can easily understand• Allows you to control your system by sending appropriate commands• Automatically performs scheduled tasks• Notifies you of system activities, including alarms and system events• Produces comprehensive reportsEBI consists of three subsystems: building automation control system, life and safety management system, security management system.The EBI system follows the existing industrial standard and runs on the windows 2000 or windows NT. The system runs on the Ethernet, whose communication protocol is standard TCP/IP. Furthermore the EBI supports other industrial protocol such as the BACNet, OPC and LonWorks and so on.A typical EBI system consists of server, stations, controllers and the communication link etc, which is shown in Fig.3. EBI runs on the server, the main computer, which collects and processes data, administers system activities and performs automated tasks.The station is, in effect, a set of “control panels” through which we monitor and control our system. Station is a separate EBI program that runs on standard computers, as well as on the server. In our system, the station and the server run on the same computer. Station presents information as a series of displays. Each display is a “control panel” that shows a particular set or type of information, and has an appropriate set of controls, such as “buttons” and “scroll bars”. There are two basic types of display:System: These are supplied with EBI and show information in a standardized manner. For the most part, system displays consist of lists and “electronic forms” containing system configuration details.Custom: These have been created specifically for specific system, and make it much easier to interpret and control system activity. For example, a security-related display might show the layout of a particular floor, whereas an air-conditioning display might include a schematicdiagram of the air-conditioning system.Fig. 3 The configuration of a typical EBI systemThe controllers are the “hands and eyes” of actual system, controlling and collecting data from field devices, such as card readers, air conditioning units and so on. We used the CARE software to program the control program of controllers.CARE software provides graphic tools to create data files and control programs for controllers. CARE is a windows application that takes advantage of menu bars, dialog boxes, and point-and-click features. CARE provides four main functions to create program files to download to controllers: plant schematics, control strategy, switching logic, and time programs.Plant Schematics: The first step in creating a plant is to define a project. A project is a set of 1 through 30 controllers on a common bus. A controller can be assigned more than one plant. And then a schematic is created for each plant. A plant schematic is a combination of “segments” that show the equipment in the plant and how it is arranged, for example the Fig. 4, which is the K-1 AHU’s schematic. Segments are components of a control system, for example, boilers, headers, pumps, and other devices. Parts of segments include equipment such as sensors, status points, valves, and pumps.Control Strategy : After creating a schematic, we may create a control strategy that provides the controller with the intelligence to handle the system. Control strategy defines loops for decisions based on conditions, mathematical calculations, and/or time-of-day schedules. Control can depend on analogue values, digital values, or both. CARE provides standard control algorithms such as PID, minimum value, maximum value, averaging, and sequencing.Switching Logic: In addition to adding a control strategy, switching logic can be added to a schematic for digital control such as switch status. Switching logic is based on logic tables that set up logical ORs, logical ANDs, and exclusive ORs. For example, switching logic is defined to have the return fanFig. 4 The Schematic of K-1 AHUstart after a programmed delay from the time that the supply fan was started.Time Programs : Time programs are to control equipment on/off times to coincide with occupancy. Daily schedules (for example, weekdays, weekends and holidays) can be defined and assigned to weekly schedules.After completing a plant, we use other CARE functions to edit defaults and convert the plant file to controller format, and then we can download the file and test controller operation.The following Fig.5 summarizes CARE project, plant and function organization.III.C ONTROL S TRATEGYThe normal and fine operation of air-conditioning system is related not only the appropriate air-conditioning system, but also the strategy of control. The control module of this air-conditioning system experiment installation mainly includes on-off control, continuous adjusted control and interconnected control.The temperature and humidity of supply air and air-conditioning space’s air etc belong to the continuous adjusted control. The on-off control involves the on-off of chilled unit, fan and pump etc. The interconnected control prevents air-conditioning system from accident or exception condition, for example the interconnected chilled water system with fan. This experiment installation involves the control of K-1 and K-2 AHUs.The K-1 AHU is to simulate the outdoor air condition if needed. The handled air by K-1 is required that the temperature’s range is 7 to 35 ć, whose fluctuating bound is only f 0.5ć, and the relative moisture is 55f 5%. The temperature control of simulating air could be traditional PID control, which controls the valve opening of surface air cooler or heater and adjusts the cool or heat to air, thus the air is kept up stable temperature. The relative humidity of air is controlled by the opening of steam humidifier.The K-2 AHU is used to study for experiments. The control system involves the temperature and humidity of supply air and air-conditioning space. The control strategy inK-2 AHU is presented as follows.Fig. 5 The diagram of CARE functionA. Intelligent Control System of Supply Air TemperatureSome experiments need the constant temperature of supply air to study the air-flow organization and amenity, so the temperature control of supply air meets strict standard. The adjustable belt is 18 to 45 ć and the permissible fluctuating bound is f 0.5ć.Firstly the temperature of supply air can be controlled through adjusting the water system, which changes the cool or heat to air. The DDC filed controller detects the temperature at point N in Fig.2 and compares with the required temperature of supply air. Based on the error and the intelligent control algorithm, the DDC sends the signals to control the primary heater and the surface air cooler to keep up the E point’s temperature, and to control the secondary heater to keep up the N point’s temperature.Secondly the temperature of supply air can be controlled through adjusting the air system, which changes the ratio of return air’s mixture. The temperature of point E and point N can be controlled through controlling the opening ratio of valves of primary and secondary return air, which is shown asFig. 6. L Tis the temperature of point L after surface air cooler that is dew-point temperature and Ld T is the setting temperature, which is kept up to control the humidity of air-conditioning room. SN T is the supply air temperature at point N and SNd T is the setting temperature of supply air. h T is the mixture temperature of fresh air and primary return air, n k ,e k ,1k and 2k are respectively the valve jaw opening of fresh air, exhaust air, primary return air and secondary return air. n q ,e q ,1q and 2q are respectively the flow of fresh air, exhaust air, primary return air and secondary return air. 1G is the transfer function of controlled object, whose input is the ratio of fresh air and primary return air and whose output is the air temperature after mixture. 2G is also the transfer function of controlled object, whose input is the mixture air temperature and whose output is the air temperature after surface air cooler. 3G denotes the controlled object.Fig. 6 The control system of supply air temperatureThe supply air temperature can be controlled by the water system or air system. Generally, the temperature is controlled through adjusting water system first, which is to adjust the jaw opening of electric control valve on the surface air cooler and heater. If the supply air temperature can’t reach the setting temperature, the air system can be adjusted correspondingly. Sometimes the experiment needs the fixed ratio of fresh air and return air so that we only adjust the water system to control the supply air temperature.B. Intelligent Control System of Room HumidityThe relative moisture of room is controlled through controlling the dew-point temperature after the surface air cooler, the point L, in the summer work condition. The dew-point temperature’s range is 0 to 19 ć and its fluctuating bound is f0.5ć. Through adjusting the cool of surface air cooler or the ratio of fresh air and return air, the dew-point temperature can be kept up constant. The control theory through adjusting the air system is shown Fig.6.In winter work condition, the room moisture can be controlled by the steam humidifier. Based on the error of actual moisture and setting moisture, the two-way steam valve is adjusted to control the relative humidity in air-conditioning room.C. Intelligent Control System of Room TemperatureThe air-conditioning room sometime is used to study the amenity. The adjustable belt of air-conditioning room is 18 to 26ć and the permissible fluctuating bound is f0.5ć.If the temperature of supply air can be kept constant, the temperature sensor in room, the DDC field controller and the adjusted electric heater in the ending of duct compose the control system to keep the room temperature. Here the temperature control system belongs to cascade loop control.The inner loop of cascade control system has the advantages of faster response and pinpoint control to room temperature, which the room temperature does not fluctuate largely. Based on the error of setting and actual room temperature, the controller controls the electric heater to make the room temperature keep constantly.The outer loop of cascade control system can be traditional PID control, but the fuzzy-PID control in this experiment installation. Usually based on the experience, the fuzzy controller is two-dimension fuzzy control, whose inputs are the error and the error’s difference as in [7]. However, sometimes there is static error in fuzzy control system as in [8]. Considered the requirement of experiment, we used the hybrid fuzzy-PID control algorithm to keep the fast response and the stability.Fig.7 displays the hybrid fuzzy-PID control system of room temperature, where e is the error of the setting and the actual output, e is difference of error, u is the control output, the controlled variable, E is the degree of membership of error’s fuzzy state, EC is the degree of membership of error difference’s fuzzy state and C is the fuzzy state of control output u, R stands for the recognizer,F stands for the fuzzification of the input, RULE stands for the fuzzy rule and D stands for defuzzification of the fuzzy output, which defuzzifies output fuzzy set C to yield exact output data u.rTis the room temperature andrdT is the setting temperature.sJT is the supply air temperature of room at point J.sNT is thesupply air temperature after handled by K-2 AHU,2k is thejaw opening of steam valve on the secondary heater and2Q is the output heat. U is the input power of electric heater at the ending of duct. H2 stands for the transfer function ofsecondary heater.4G is the transfer function whose input isthe heat2Q and whose output is the supply air temperature atpoint N. EH stands for electric heater.5G denotes the controlled object of air-conditioning room.In the hybrid fuzzy-PID control system, the fuzzy control and PID control switch based on the error, which is identified by the recognizer. As is given as in [7], when the error is relatively large, the system runs in fuzzy control model; when the error is relatively little, the system turns into PID control model. So how is the error to switch the fuzzy and PID control?Thus the threshold valve affects the state of control system. The threshold quantity affects the control process andthe stability, etc as in [9]. It is important to choose the properFig. 7 The control system of room air temperaturethreshold valve. How to choose the threshold quantity of error? The threshold quantity is related to the division of temperature error in fuzzy control, and the quantization factor of output, etc. In the experiment installation, 0.5ć was chosen to the threshold valve of hybrid fuzzy-PID control system as in [9]IV.C ONCLUSIONThere are many high precision sensors and performers on the air-conditioning system experiment installation, and the intelligent control system can collect the real-time data, display and treat etc and study control strategy and algorithm in graphic configuration software. Thus the experiment installation can be used to study the chrematistic of air-conditioning system and control strategy and algorithm in air-conditioning system, even the HVAC system, etc, which provides some useful data or conclusion to the design, installation, debugging and operation of HVAC system.The predominant characteristics of this experiment installation in technology are two points below: one is that the K-1 AHU can handles and simulates the outdoor air work condition and provides the interlayer of air-conditioning space. Another is that the monitor station uses the distributor collector system.The air-conditioning system can satisfy the study and experiments about the performance of air-conditioning system, the air flow organization of room, the control strategy and algorithm for HVAC system and the economic operation model of HVAC system etc.A CKNOWLEDGMENTJiangjiang Wang was supported by the Youth Preliminary Research Fund of school of Energy and Power Engineering in North China Electric Power University and the major lab of power station during the course of this research.R EFERENCES[1]Z. Song, “The analysis of the current constructions economizing in ourcountry,” Journal of Shijiazhuang Institute of Railway Technology, vol.4, no. 2, pp. 79-82, June 2005.[2]J. Guo, J. Zhou and T. Cui, “Investigation of evaluating and decreasingthe energy usage of air conditioning system in supermarket,”Refrigeration, Air-conditioning, Electric Power and Mechanism, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 31-33,25, February 2005.[3]J Wang , Computer-aided Design and Simulation Analysis of BuildingEnvironment Control System Based on MATLAB/Simulink, Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2004.[4]G. Cao, G. Tu, D. An and C. Lou, “Modeling and simulation of expertPID control for air conditioning system based on MATLAB,” Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning, vol.35, no. 11, pp 111-114, November 2005.[5]Y. Chen, S. An and M. Sun, “The fuzzy-self-adaptive control of roomtemperature in VAV systems,” The Information of microcomputer, vol.21, no.07S, pp 73-75, July 2005.[6]D. An and J. Wang, “The simulation and research of the fuzzy neuralnetwork control in the temperature of air-conditioning system,”Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, Vol. 4, No.1, pp 41-44, February 2004.[7]J. Yi and Y. Hou, Intelligent Contro l, Beijing: Beijing University ofTechnology Press, 1999.[8]J. Guo, J. Zhou and T. Cui, “The application of the hybrid fuzzy controlof the furnace,” The Information of microcomputer, vol. 21, no. 07S, pp.92-94, July 2005.[9]J. Wang, D. An and C. Lou “Application of fuzzy-PID controller inheating ventilating and air-conditioning system”, unpublished.。
读《且听风吟》有感(精选25篇)
读《且听风吟》有感读《且听风吟》有感(精选25篇)看完一本名著后,相信大家都有很多值得分享的东西,不妨坐下来好好写写读后感吧。
可是读后感怎么写才合适呢?下面是小编为大家收集的读《且听风吟》有感,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
读《且听风吟》有感篇1《且听风吟》是村上春树的一本小说,他在29岁这一年写出了《且听风吟》,这是他的第一次尝试,是一部中篇小说,发表于1979年。
他连续写出了很多作品,后来还有很多畅销书。
村上依然坚持每年出一本书,每年诺贝尔颁奖季都有村上的陪跑。
《且听风吟》是关于风的寓意,他在大学和妻子认识,组成了家庭,在东京开了一家爵士乐酒吧,晚上空闲的时候在吧台看书,村上因为酒吧业绩不好去棒球场看球赛,村上看到场上的球打到了自己身上,瞬间他感觉自己要进行写作。
《且听风吟》讲述的青春三部曲之第一部,二十岁的村上带着学潮的疲惫的我,从东京回到故乡神户发生的一系列故事,杰士酒吧的店长杰和巨富而愤世嫉俗的鼠三人之间的友情,以及暑期短短十八天的恋情,我在酒吧遇到了一个喝的大醉的女孩,和她相识,认识了十八天,但是女孩像断了线的风筝消失了,为年少的他带去久违的温情,在颓废的现在看来带来了希望之光。
其实鼠是三十岁的自己,我是二十岁的自己。
我是一个二十岁大学生,小时候沉默寡言,后来通过精神科医生治疗又变得滔滔不休,最终变成了一个普通的小孩,二十一岁的一个暑假从东京回到故乡,和朋友鼠度过了一个百无聊赖的暑假,这期间认识了四指少女。
恋情的起始和终结已经记不清,但是闷在心里的情结想一吐为快,就在二十九岁时创作了小说。
鼠是一个富人家长大的孩子,但是厌恶父亲不择手段赚钱,鼠在孤独中喜欢上一个女孩子,但是无论如何无法走进她的内心,鼠很孤独很迷失。
杰是酒吧店长,旅日中国人,名字是驻日美国军人给起的,杰很神秘,绝口不提自己的故事,他爱好和平。
作者只是通过一种方式将自己内心的情感表达出来,随意自然的流露出来,让同时代的人可以产生共鸣,大家能够精神上达到共识,对于不是一个时代的我们来说读起来有些云里雾里,但是随着时间的推移和知识的积累也会明白其中的韵味。
Lesson 57教学案例探究5页word
Lesson 57教学案例探究教材分析:本单元包括两篇阅读文章,一篇与为“阅读”有关的文章,另一篇为与“听”有关的文章。
通过阅读,帮助学生了解正确的阅读方法及怎样做一个良好的听者。
第一篇文章以培根的《论阅读》开头,详细说明阅读分三类,并根据不同的阅读材料与不同的阅读目的,选取正确的阅读方法。
在文章的最后,作者提出一些可行的阅读建议。
第二篇文章别出裁心,以对中国汉字“听”字的拆分还讨论听时需要调用的认知机制,如用耳听,用眼看,用心想,并且注意力集中等。
并在文章的最后,提出一些阅读方面的建议。
建材重点与难点:1. 日常交际用语:Will you come to…?Yes, I’d love to…Would you like to…? Yes, that’s very kind/nice of you.2. 语法:复习和归纳句子的成分—谓语,复习情态动词和实义动词的时态。
3. 词组与语言点:(分课时教案)Lesson 57(有课件)Step I PresentationAsk the student: What do you like to do in your spare time? Do you like reading? Why?What kinds of books do you like? What do you like to read most? Why?What kinds of books do you like to read least? Why? to your classmates? What are the stories about?What kinds of books do you read? (magazines, novels, science fiction, newspaper…)How to read all kinds of books?For inagazines, stories, novels or newspaper, a travelbook→read it quickly(tasting)a book on a subject→read slowly and carefully(chew and diges t it)Step 2 ReadingGet the students to read the possage and answer questions:1. How to decide whether the book is likely to interest you?(if you want to get an idea of the organization of the book quickly, you can…)2. Some more tips on readingFirst: read a chapter quickly to get a general idea.Second: do not stop every time you come to a word or phrase you do not know. (guess from the situation)Third: what to read.Step 3 Topic SentencePara 1: It is possible to read different types of books in different ways.Para 2: Some good stories are for “swallowing”.Para 3: Other books are for reading slowly and carefully.Para 4: If it is not a story, get an idea of the organization of the book.Para5: Here are some more reading tips.Para6: The last question is what to read.Step 4 Note makingWrite down in your own words the anvice the writer gives in the text.Types of reading: tasting, swallowing, chewing and digestion First reading: Read a chapter fast to get a general ideaSecond reading: read it again more slowly, using a dictionary when necessaryUsing a dictionary: use it when necessary, do not use it for every enw word or phraseGuessing unknown words: guess these from the situation and from repeated examples in a text Step 5 InterviewWB Lesson 57, Ex. 2. Finish the form and then get some students to report the result of their interview, using the questions.1. Which pieces of advice do you agree with?2. Which pieces of advice do you disagree with?3. Who are good listeners to you, and what do they do well?4. In that ways do people not listen to you well?5. How has this group discussion been? Have you listened well to each other?…(and more questions)Step 6 PracticeGet the students to read the peassage aloud by themselves.Step 7 Discussion1. How to read books more effectively?2. How to learn English effectively? Give some tips/ suggestions to your classmates.Step 8 Writing skillsHow is the passage written?Para 1: example (Francis Bacon, William Shakespeare…)Para2: three kinds of booksPara3: reading slowing and carefully→reading tipsPara4: more reading tipsPara5: what to read?Para6: wishHomework:1. Revise this passage by reading the passage aloud again and again.2. Preview the next lesson. Finish some exercises in WB Lesson 58.后记:本堂课完成预期计划。
做一个且听风吟的牧马人
做一个且听风吟的牧马人作者:颜建红来源:《语文世界(教师版)》2021年第10期出去听课,常常会有不同的感受:有的老师上课让人觉得行云流水,惊喜不断,既酣畅淋漓,又意犹未尽,这样的课无疑会深受学生欢迎;有的老师上课却让人感觉味同嚼蜡,甚至睡意连连,只盼着下課铃声赶快响起,好早点结束煎熬,这样的课无疑会让学生生厌。
著名教育家苏霍姆林斯基曾说过:“任何一个优秀的教师,他必须是一个善于激起学生对自己课堂兴趣、确立自己课堂吸引力的教师。
”那如何激发学生的学习兴趣,让学生在课堂上真正学有所得呢?我觉得我们不妨做一个且听风吟的牧马人。
现就如何做一个“且听风吟”的“牧马人”谈谈我几点不成熟的看法。
经常听到老师抱怨学生不喜欢语文课,我认为出现这样的情况原因是多方面的,其中教学氛围对学生学习兴趣的影响是很大的。
魏书生老师在课堂教学中,极力创造一种民主、和谐的教学气氛,极大地调动了学生学习的积极性,让学生真正体验到了成为学习的主人的快乐,也提高了课堂效率。
有次网上培训时看了卞丽娟老师教学《散步》的课堂实录,她给我们做了很好的示范。
她共设计了三个环节:阅读初体验——读懂作者心——诗情轻飞扬。
其中,第二环节是本节课的重点和难点。
教师本是要探讨本文的主旨,但没有生硬地直接向学生发问,而是设计了一个学生感兴趣又不会有畏难情绪的问题:在这一家四口中,最打动你的人是谁?结合文中语句说说理由。
看似不经意的一问,其实恰是教师的匠心独运之处。
学生们畅所欲言,有的人选择“母亲”,有的人选择“我”,有的人选择“我的妻子”,有的人选择“儿子”,并都结合原文相关语句说出了自己的理由。
而在学生发言过程中,卞老师又潜移默化地引导学生得出对生命、对责任的感悟,从而在不知不觉中达到本环节的教学目的。
我们常常看到,在实际的课堂教学中,有的老师为了完成既定的教学任务,在学生思维受阻时,不给学生充分思考的时间,也不对学生引导启发,就以自己或教参的解读来代替学生的解读,把准备好的答案强行灌输给学生。
让学生真正爱上一本书
让学生真正爱上一本书作者:吴云洁来源:《中学教学参考·语英版》2021年第04期[摘要]语文课程标准把“整本书阅读与研讨”作为18个学习任务群中的第一个学习任务群,足见其重要性及实施的迫切性与必要性。
高中整本书阅读教学,旨在帮助学生找到阅读作品的基本路径,将课堂上获得的知识转化为自身的能力,从而提升学生的语言素养、思维品质、审美能力和文化底蕴。
教师可通过整本书阅读教学,让学生真正爱上阅读,真正爱上一本书。
[关键词]整本书阅读;实践;思考[中图分类号] G633.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-6058(2021)10-0020-02整本书阅读的热度已经持续了很长一段时间,随着课程标准的修订、统编教材的使用,整本书阅读的风头更劲。
《普通高中语文课程标准(2017年版)》把“整本书阅读与研讨”作为18个学习任务群中的第一个学习任务群,足见其重要性及实施的迫切性、必要性:“本任务群旨在引导学生通过阅读整本书,拓展阅读视野,建构阅读整本书的经验,形成适合自己的读书方法,提升阅读鉴赏能力,养成良好的阅读习惯,促进学生对中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化的深入学习和思考,形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。
”课程标准指出“整本书阅读与研讨”的学习贯串必修、选择性必修和选修三个阶段。
虽尚未看到统编教材的所有相关语文教材,但从已使用的必修上册和下册语文教材来看,确实已各涉及一部书,其一是学术著作《乡土中国》,其一是长篇小说《红楼梦》。
《乡土中国》和《红楼梦》入選指定阅读书目广受各界关注。
一、整本书阅读应读的书选择确定阅读的对象,即读什么书,其实非常重要。
整本书阅读重在引导学生建构整本书的阅读经验,形成适合自己的读书方法,因此选择读什么就很关键。
笔者认为,那些“语言典范,内涵丰富,具有较高的思想水平和文化价值”的作品,是有阅读价值的,十分值得学生去阅读。
在使用统编教材之前,笔者读过一些相关案例,也观摩过公开课,发现教师大多倾向于引导学生阅读小说,因为易于开展各类阅读活动,且小说更能引起学生的阅读兴趣。
且听风吟
且听风吟
夏夜温婉的风带着我的臆想穿越到两年前的日子里,我写下把握二字。
现在想来不由反问自己,到底把握住了什么?如此反问到底是多了些沉重!
那年那日,说过的话,写下的字,莫不是告诫人们青春的宝贵。
时光飞逝,太多的东西变成了不确定,慢慢在记忆里变得模糊了。
这些青春这些时间,看似短暂,实则确是短暂的扩写。
可时间,又何曾有丝毫的停歇?它缓缓的去,从我耳畔走过。
叶的离去是风的无情,还是树的不挽留。
可不管是无情还是不挽留,叶子不终究还是离开了吗?有太多的太多,其实就是生命的无可奈何。
风吹起,岁月被吹出涟漪。
不同的人回忆人生,感叹匆匆一生。
殊不知,生命又在这样或者那样的感叹和惋惜之中匆匆而去!世间哪有那么多的感叹,太多东西又岂是感叹就可以解决的!罢了,放下徒劳叹息吧!
且听风的吟唱,是时光渺茫的叹息,更是叹
婉过去的遗留。