课时跟踪检测(五) 补集及综合应用

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课时跟踪检测(五) 补集及综合应用

A 级——学考合格性考试达标练

1.设集合U ={1,2,3,4,5},A ={1,2,3},B ={2,3,4},则∁U (A ∩B )等于( )

A .{2,3}

B .{1,4,5}

C .{4,5}

D .{1,5}

解析:选B ∵A ∩B ={2,3},∴∁U (A ∩B )={1,4,5}.

2.已知全集U ={1,2,3,4,5,6},集合A ={1,2,5},∁U B ={4,5,6},则A ∩B =( )

A .{1,2}

B .{5}

C .{1,2,3}

D .{3,4,6}

解析:选A 因为∁U B ={4,5,6},所以B ={1,2,3},所以A ∩B ={1,2,5}∩{1,2,3}={1,2},故选A.

3.已知集合A ={x |-1≤x ≤2},B ={x |x <1},则A ∩(∁R B )=( )

A .{x |x >1}

B .{x |x ≥1}

C .{x |1

D .{x |1≤x ≤2}

解析:选D ∵B ={x |x <1},∴∁R B ={x |x ≥1}.

∴A ∩(∁R B )={x |1≤x ≤2}.

4.已知全集U ={1,2,a 2-2a +3},A ={1,a },∁U A ={3},则实数a 等于( )

A .0或2

B .0

C .1或2

D .2

解析:选D 由题意,知⎩

⎪⎨⎪⎧a =2,a 2-2a +3=3,则a =2. 5.已知全集U ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7},A ={3,4,5},B ={1,3,6},那么集合{2,7}是( )

A .A ∪B

B .A ∩B

C .∁U (A ∩B )

D .∁U (A ∪B )

解析:选D ∵A ={3,4,5},B ={1,3,6},

∴A ∪B ={1,3,4,5,6},

又U ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7},

∴∁U (A ∪B )={2,7}.

6.设全集U =R ,集合A ={x |0≤x ≤2},B ={y |1≤y ≤3},则(∁U A )∪B =__________. 解析:因为∁U A ={x |x >2或x <0},B ={y |1≤y ≤3},所以(∁U A )∪B ={x |x <0或x ≥1}. 答案:{x |x <0或x ≥1}

7.设全集U ={0,1,2,3},A ={x ∈U |x 2+mx =0},若∁U A ={1,2},则实数m =________.

解析:∵∁U A ={1,2},∴A ={0,3},

∴0,3是方程x 2+mx =0的两个根,∴m =-3.

答案:-3

8.已知全集U =R ,M ={x |-1

∴N ={x |x ≤0或x ≥2},

∴M ∪N ={x |-1

={x |x <1或x ≥2}.

答案:{x |x <1或x ≥2}

9.已知全集U =R ,A ={x |-4≤x <2},B ={x |-1

⎬⎫x ⎪⎪x ≤0或x ≥52,求A ∩B ,(∁U B )∪P ,(A ∩B )∩(∁U P ).

解:∵A ={x |-4≤x <2},B ={x |-1

∴A ∩B ={x |-1

∵∁U B ={x |x ≤-1或x >3},

∴(∁U B )∪P =⎩⎨⎧⎭

⎬⎫x ⎪⎪x ≤0或x ≥52, ∴(A ∩B )∩(∁U P )={x |-1

⎬⎫x ⎪⎪0

解:∵(∁U A )∩B ={2},∴2∈B ,∴4-2a +b =0.①

又∵A ∩(∁U B )={4},∴4∈A ,∴16+4a +12b =0.②

联立①②,解得⎩⎨⎧

a =87

,b =-127.

B 级——面向全国卷高考高分练

1.设全集U =R ,集合A ={x |0

A .3

B .4

C .5

D .6 解析:选B ∵U =R ,A ={x |0

∴∁U A ={x |x ≤0或x ≥9},

又∵B ={x ∈Z |-4

∴(∁U A )∩B ={x ∈Z |-4

2.已知全集U={x∈Z|0

A.M∩(∁U N) B.∁U(M∩N)

C.∁U(M∪N) D.(∁U M)∩N

解析:选C由已知得U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7},N={2,6},M∩(∁U N)={2,3,5}∩{1,3,4,5,7}={3,5},M∩N={2},∁U(M∩N)={1,3,4,5,6,7},M∪N={2,3,5,6},∁U(M∪N)={1,4,7},(∁U M)∩N={1,4,6,7}∩{2,6}={6},选C.

3.已知M,N为集合I的非空真子集,且M,N不相等,若N∩∁I M=∅,则M∪N等于()

A.M B.N

C.I D.∅

解析:选A因为N∩∁I M=∅,所以N⊆M(如图),所以M∪N=M.

4.图中阴影部分所表示的集合是()

A.B∩[∁U(A∪C)] B.(A∪B)∪(B∪C)

C.(A∪C)∩(∁U B) D.[∁U(A∪C)]∪B

解析:选A阴影部分中的元素既在集合B中,又在A∪C的补集中,故选A.

5.已知集合A={x|x<3或x≥7},B={x|x

解析:因为A={x|x<3或x≥7},所以∁U A={x|3≤x<7},又(∁U A)∩B≠∅,则a>3.

答案:{a|a>3}

6.已知集合A={x|x

又∵A∪(∁R B)=R,A={x|x

观察∁R B与A在数轴上表示的区间,如图所示:

可得当a≥2时,A∪(∁R B)=R.

答案:{a|a≥2}

7.已知集合A={x|2≤x<7},B={x|3

(1)求A∪B,(∁R A)∩B;

(2)若A∩C≠∅,求a的取值范围.

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