2019江苏省盐城市中考试题解析
2019年江苏省盐城市中考英语试卷以及解析答案
2019年江苏省盐城市中考英语试卷第I卷(选择题,共60分)一、单项选择(共15小题,每小题1分,计15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案.1.(1分)Yancheng,________energetic city,has set up trade relations with lots of countries and areas.()A.a B.an C.the D./2.(1分)A marathon was held in Yancheng ____________21st April,which drew 12,000 runners.()A.on B.in C.at D.by3.(1分)Each of us _____ a life goal,which will guide us to a bright future.()A.has B.have C.will have D.had4.(1分)Size and type do not matter ﹣you ______ do almost anything if you never give up.()A.should B.must C.need D.can5.(1分)_________ needs one or two close friends to share his happiness and sadness with.()A.Someone B.No one C.None D.Everyone6.(1分)The number of the people using Huawei ________is getting larger and larger.()A.cultures B.customers C.products D.histories7.(1分)I've wanted to read Peter Pan for long,_________ today I finally borrowed the book from the library.()A.or B.but C.and D.since8.(1分)You need not only talent but also hard work to become a _________ football player.()A.young B.successful C.happy D.friendly9.(1分)Mr Wu keeps __________ his students that the future belongs to the well﹣educated.()A.telling B.to tell C.ordering D.to order10.(1分)_________ say the English is too difficult for us to learn.We can learn it well withefforts.()A.Always B.Sometimes C.Seldom D.Never11.(1分)In Chinese culture,children born in the Year of the Monkey ______ to be smart.()A.say B.saidC.will be said D.are said12.(1分)﹣Do you know ____________Grandma is going to visit us?﹣Next Saturday.She told me on the phone.()A.where B.why C.when D.whether13.(1分)﹣WeChat makes communication much easier.﹣_____ We can keep in touch with each other anytime and anywhere.()A.With pleasure.B.I can't agree more.C.What a shame!D.Don't mention it.14.(1分)"___________" means "If lots of people share the work,it will make a job easier to complete."()A.Burn the candle at both ends.B.Every dog has its day.C.Many hands make light work.D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.15.(1分)﹣Excuse me,could you please tell me___________?﹣Sure.It's on Jianjun Road.()A.where can I find the museumB.where I can find the museumC.how far the museum is from hereD.how far is the museum from here二、完型填空(共1题,每小题15分,计15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案.16.(15分)The Secret SoldierA young soldier,Robert Shurtliff,lay dying in a hospital bed.He was too (1)to speak or move.Two men stood over him."I think this young man has (2)," one man said."I'll take his jacket and boots," said the other.Robert gathered all of his strength to (3),"I…I'm alive."The doctor came running over as Robert fell into a coma(昏迷)."We can (4)him," he said as he examined the young soldier,"Oh,my! He's a (5)! "It was true.The young soldier,Robert Shurtliff,was really Deborah Sampson.(6)who was she?Deborah Sampson had grown up in Massachusetts,living as a servant.She (7)of having great adventures (冒险).(8)the Revolutionary War broke out in 1775,women were not allowed to serve in the army.But Deborah (9)herself as a man and became a solider.She called herself Robert Shurtliff.One day,during an attack,Deborah was shot in the neck and (10).Another soldier lifted Deborah into his horse and rode her to the (11).A doctor treated the wound on her back and asked if (12)had any other injuries.Deborah lied and said no.She was afraid that if the doctor examined her leg,he would discover her (13).Using a pocket knife,Deborah got the bullet (子弹)out of her own leg.She (14)to fight as a soldier.After the war ended,Deborah got married and had children.But she still longed for (15).So she put on her soldier's uniform and travelled around the country telling of her life as young,brave soldier,Robert Shurtliff.(1)A.busy B.weak C.surprised D.strong(2)A.got up B.lost heart C.passed away D.got lost(3)A.whisper B.cry C.shout D.laugh(4)A.accept B.kill C.support D.save(5)A.soldier B.mother C.woman D.father(6)A.Though B.But C.Or D.However(7)A.died B.talked C.heard D.dreamed(8)A.When B.While C.Until D.Since(9)A.worked B.dressed C.acted D.lived(10)A.arm B.hand C.leg D.stomach(11)A.hospital B.library C.studio D.bedroom(12)A.she B.he C.it D.they(13)A.appearance B.ability C.beauty D.secret(14)A.failed B.continued C.agreed D.planned(15)A.home B.fashion C.peace D.adventure三、阅读理解(共4小题,计30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.17.(6分)Along with wheat,rice is one of the most important food crops in the world.It is a nutritious,healthy food.Each year,farmers grow millions of tons of rice.Top Five Rice﹣producing Countries(1)What food crop is the reading material mainly about?A.Wheat.B.Rice.C.Corn.D.Potato.(2)In which country is the most rice grown?A.China.B.Bangladesh.C.India.D.Vietnam.(3)From the map we know that the five countries are all in.A.Europe.B.Africa.C.America.D.Asia.18.(6分)Bullying can happen to me or you or anybody,but there are things that we can all do to help.What is bullying?Bullying is when someone makes you feel bad or hurts you again and again.Bullying can happen at school or out of school or online.Bullying includes:•calling people unkind names•laughing at people•taking someone's things without being allowed•not letting someone play in a group•hitting peopleWhat is cyberbullying?Cyberbullying happens online and includes:•sending unkind messages•sharing photos without permission•not letting someone be part of an online groupWhat can you do?If someone is mean to you,tell an adult that you know or like.For example,talk to aparents or a teacher.You can block a person who sends mean message online.Don't reply.Talk to your parents or teachers or an adult you know well if you see bullying or if you are worried about a friend.Say sorry if you're mean to someone.You can write a message or talk to the person.Think about how to be kind in the future.We can all help to say no to bullying.(1)Which type of bullying is the picture about?A.Laughing at people.B.Telling lies about people.C.Not letting someone play in a group.D.Hitting people.(2)What can you do if you are bullied online?A.Turn to your parents or teachers for help.B.Write back and try to make more friends.C.Keep the problems and worries to yourself.D.Tell strangers about the harm of cyberbullying.(3)Which can be the best title for this passage?A.Bullying is everywhereB.Say no to bullyingC.Keep away from cyberbullyingD.Say sorry to people who are bullied19.(8分)Many children today live in unsafe places.They may live where wars have been fought or where there is a lot of crimes.Play for Peace is an organization formed to help these children.It does so by bringing kids and adults.For what?To make a more peaceful world.Places where Play for Peace works include Northern Ireland,India,and Germany.Kids from different backgrounds come together to play games.Some of the games encourage them to work together and to learn about one another.While playing,kids begin to understand their different ways of thinking and doing things.As kids in the program get older.Play for Peace teaches them to be leaders.They become advisers.The older kids lead the games for the younger kids.One leader called Mandeep from a small village in India described her experience." I didn't realize there was a larger world until I joined Play for Peace…It was a big challenge for me.But I grew to feel safe and like them even though they were different from me."Play for Peace works because it brings kids together.They have fun and learn how to get along.Many kids who take part find that they have much in common﹣and they become friends!(1)What organization is the passage about?A.Project Hope.B.ORBIS.C.Play for Peace.D.UNICEF.(2)What is the main purpose of the organization?A.To make the world more peaceful.B.To bring kids and adults together.C.To teach older kids to lead games for younger ones.D.To make children understand different ways of thinking.(3)What did Mandeep think of her experience in the program?A.Common but comfortable.B.Tiring but interesting.C.Challenging but meaningful.D.Dangerous but unusual.(4)Why does the author write this passage?A.To encourage kids to runaway from wars.B.To explain the importance of playing games.C.To tell kids how to get along with each other.D.To introduce a charitable organization to readers.20.(10分)People have told stories about Robin Hood for over 700 years.Nobody knows if he was a real person or an invented character.In the legends,Robin was extremely smart and humorous,he helped strangers,and later his kindness paid off.The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood was just a young man,who was good at archery (射箭术).One day he was walking through Sherwood Forest,a royal hunting forest near Nottingham in England.There he got into trouble with a group of men.Among them,he killed the cousin of the Sheriff (郡长)of Nottingham.Robin became a legendary outlaw,and soon the leader of one hundred outlaws,known as his "Merry Men".Robin and his "Merry Men" always looked for rich people and asked them to their camp in Sherwood Forest.When they arrived,Robin gave them a good meal and played music for them.Then he took their gold away to help the poor.Robin became most famous for "robbing from the rich and giving to the poor."The Sheriff of Nottingham was Robin's greatest enemy.He was cruel and treated the poor badly.It was his job to keep the woods safe and to make sure that nobody stole the king's deer.He hated Robin because Robin was an outlaw.But most of all,he hated Robin because everyone else loved him.The Sheriff of Nottingham kept trying to catch Robin Hood and his "Merry Men",but never succeeded.(1)What was Robin Hood like according to the passage?A.Clever and full of fun.B.Smart and serious.C.Cruel to the poor people.D.Good at telling stories.(2)The underlined word "outlaw" in Paragraph 3 means.A.enemyB.criminalC.kingD.fighter(3)What was Robin Hood best known for?A.Playing beautiful music for the rich.B.Robbing the rich and helping the poor.C.Stealing the king's deer in Sherwood Forest.D.Killing the cousin of the Sheriff of Nottingham.(4)Which is the right order of what happened in the story?①Robin became the leader of a group of outlaws.②Robin asked the rich people to Sherwood Forest.③Robin killed the cousin of the Sheriff of Nottingham.④Robin gave poor people the gold he took away from the rich.A.①④②③B.②③①④C.③①④②D.③①②④(5)What can we learn from the first and last paragraphs?A.Robin Hood was a real man who once lived in England.B.People can only read stories of Robin Hood from books.C.The stories of Robin Hood are still very popular nowadays.D.Robin Hood didn't get help from strangers who he once helped.第II卷(非选择题,共60分)四、阅读型阅读。
2019年江苏省盐城市中考英语试卷(含答案与解析)
英语试卷 第1页(共26页)英语试卷 第2页(共26页)绝密★启用前江苏省盐城市2019年初中学业水平考试英 语(满分:120分考试时间:100分钟)第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)一、单项选择(共15小题, 每小题1分, 计15分)从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. Yancheng , ________ energetic city , has set up trade relations with lots of countries and areas . A . aB . anC . theD . /2. A marathon was held in Yancheng ________ 21st April , which drew 12, 000 runners . A . onB . inC . atD . by3. Each of us ________ a life goal , which will guide us to a bright future . A . hasB . haveC . will haveD . had4. Size and type do not matter - you ________ do almost anything if you never give up . A . shouldB . mustC . needD . can5. ________ needs one or two close friends to share his happiness and sadness with . A . SomeoneB . No oneC . NoneD . Everyone6. The number of the people using Huawei ________ is getting larger and larger . A . culturesB . customersC . productsD . histories7. I've wanted to read Peter Pan for long , ________ today I finally borrowed the book from the library . A . orB . butC . andD . since8. You need not only talent but also hard work to become a ________ football player . A . youngB . successfulC . happyD . friendly9. Mr Wu keeps ________ his students that the future belongs to the well ﹣educated . A . tellingB . to tellC . orderingD . to order10. ________ say the English is too difficult for us to learn . We can learn it well with efforts .A . AlwaysB . SometimesC . SeldomD . Never11. In Chinese culture , children born in the Year of the Monkey ______ to be smart . A . say B . said C . will be saidD . are said12.— Do you know ____________Grandma is going to visit us ? — Next Saturday . She told me on the phone . A . whereB . whyC . whenD . whether13.—WeChat makes communication much easier .— _____ We can keep in touch with each other anytime and anywhere . A . With pleasure . B . I can't agree more . C . What a shame!D . Don't mention it .14. "___________" means "If lots of people share the work , it will make a job easier to complete ."A . Burn the candle at both ends .B . Every dog has its day .C . Many hands make light work .D . A friend in need is a friend indeed .15.— Excuse me , could you please tell me___________? — Sure . It's on Jianjun Road . A . where can I find the museum B . where I can find the museum C . how far the museum is from here D . how far is the museum from here二、完型填空(共1题,每小题15分,计15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
2019年中考试卷:英语(江苏省盐城卷)及答案解析
盐城市二0一五年初中毕业与升学考试英语试卷注意事项:1. 本试卷包含第Ⅰ卷选择题(第1-45题) 、第Ⅱ卷非选择题(第46-80题及书面表达题) 两部分。
本次考试时间为100分钟,卷面总分为120分,考试形式为闭卷。
2. 本试卷共8页,在检查是否有漏印、重印或错印后再开始答题。
3. 所有试题必须作答在答题卡上规定的区域内,注意题号必须对应,否则不给分。
4. 答题前,务必将姓名,准考证号用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡上。
第Ⅰ卷 (选择题,共60分)一、单项选择 (共15小题,每小题1分,计15分)从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. TFBOYS' songs ____ sweet and many of us like listening to them.A. soundB. feelC. tasteD. look2. --Do you have any plans for this summer vacation?--I'm not sure. I ___ take a trip to Taiwan.A. mustB. needC. mayD. should3. Daniel, ___ play with the mobile phone while you're walking in the street.A. don'tB. doesn'tC. won'tD. can't4. This photo reminded the old man ___ the days when he was young.A. withB. forC. byD. of5. ___ great fun we had in Yandu Park last Sunday!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a6. The librarian told me that I could ___ these magazines for three days.A. borrowB. buyC. keepD. return7. Don't go out ___ the rain stops. Otherwise, you'll get wet!A. afterB. sinceC. whenD. until8. --Wow, so many new buildings! But it used to be a poor village.--Yes, ___ has changed in our hometown.A. NothingB. NobodyC. EverythingD. Everybody9. Audrey Hepburn, one of the greatest actresses, was ___ to take on challenges in her life.A. enough braveB. brave enoughC. stupid enoughD. enough stupid10. With the development of modern industry, there will be ___ living space for wild animals. A.fewer and fewer B. less and less C. more and more D. bigger and bigger11. Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because practice ___ perfect. A. becomesB. becameC. will makeD. makes12. Sherlock Holmes asked the suspect what he ___ when the murder took place.A. was doingB. has doneC. is doingD. would do英语试题第1页(共8页)13. --Can Mr. King spare some time for the charity show?--If he ___, he will try his best to make it.A. will be invitedB. is invitedC. invitesD. invited14. In the UK, a lady usually doesn't like to be asked ___.A. whether has she got marriedB. how old is sheC. where she comes fromD. how much she weighs15. --Jane, your new dress looks very nice you!--___. I like it very much.A. You are welcomeB. I don't think soC. Thanks a lotD. Don't say that二、完形填空 (共15小题,每小题1分,计15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
精品解析:2019年江苏省盐城市中考生物试卷(解析版)
2019年江苏省盐城市中考生物试卷一、单项选择题。
1.下表所示猫和鼠的生命现象,与相应的生物特征不相符的是()A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】B【解析】【分析】生物的共同特征有:①生物的生活需要营养;②生物能进行呼吸;③生物能排出身体内产生的废物;④生物能对外界刺激作出反应;⑤生物能生长和繁殖;⑥生物都有遗传和变异的特性;⑦除病毒以外,生物都是由细胞构成的。
【详解】A、猫吃老鼠。
说明生物的生活需要营养。
A正确;B、猫生猫,鼠生鼠,属于遗传现象。
B错误;C、一窝猫中有白猫、黑猫和花猫,这种现象属于变异现象。
C正确;D、鼠听到猫叫,立即躲近洞里的现象,说明生物能对外界刺激作出反应。
D正确。
【点睛】解此题的关键是理解生物的特征。
2.实验课上,小明在低倍镜下看清洋葱表皮细胞结构后,小红将显微镜轻移至自己面前观看,但看到的视野较暗。
此时,她应该()A. 缩小光圈B. 移动玻片C. 转动反光镜D. 更换高倍镜【答案】C【解析】【分析】调节光线强弱的结构有光圈和反光镜。
当光线较强时,选用小光圈和平面镜;当光线较弱时,选用大光圈和凹面镜,解答即可。
【详解】在显微镜的结构中,遮光器可以调节光线的强弱,上有大小光圈。
当外界光线较暗时使用大光圈,当外界光线较亮时使用小光圈;反光镜能反射光线,上有平面镜和凹面镜两个面。
当外界光线较强时使用平面镜,当外界光线较弱时使用凹面镜。
在显微镜对光时,应该调节光圈和反光镜。
所以实验课上,小明在低倍镜下看清洋葱表皮细胞结构后,小红将显微镜轻移至自己面前观看,但看到的视野较暗,说明对光的光线角度改变,需要重新对光。
此时,她应该转动反光镜,故C符合题意。
【点睛】显微镜的结构和功能是考查的重点,可结合着显微镜的图示掌握。
3.养成良好的用眼卫生习惯是保护眼的根本方法。
下列有关叙述错误的是()A. 看书一段时间后向远处眺望几分钟B. 持久阅读或使用手机,易使眼球中的角膜曲度过大且不易恢复C. 不要在昏暗的光线或阳光直射的条件下看书、写字D. 每天坚持做眼保健操【答案】B【解析】【分析】正常人看远近不同的物体时,通过晶状体的调节作用,都能使远近不同的物体,反射来的光线汇聚在视网膜上,形成清晰的物像。
2019年江苏省盐城市中考化学试题(解析版)
江苏省盐城市2019年中考化学试卷一、选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题只有一个正确选项,每小题2分,共30分.1.“绿水青山就是金山银山”。
下列做法符合这一理念的是()A. 直接排放生活污水B. 露天焚烧农田秸秆C. 深埋处理废旧电池D. 开发利用清洁能源【答案】D【解析】【详解】A、直接排放生活污水,会造成水体污染,故A不正确;B、露天焚烧农田秸秆,会造成空气污染,故B不正确;C、深埋处理废旧电池,会造成土壤污染,故C不正确;D、开发利用清洁能源,有利于减少环境污染,故D正确。
故选D。
2.下列变化属于化学变化的是()A. 蜡烛燃烧B. 冰雪融化C. 汽油挥发D. 氧气液化【答案】A【解析】【分析】化学变化是物质在变化过程中有新物质生成的变化。
【详解】A、蜡烛燃烧生成二氧化碳和水,有新物质生成,属于化学变化,故A正确;B、冰雪融化没有新物质生成,属于物理变化,故B不正确;C、汽油挥发没有新物质生成,属于物理变化,故C不正确;D、氧气液化没有新物质生成,属于物理变化,故D不正确。
故选A。
【点睛】物理变化是物质在变化过程中没有新物质生成的变化。
3.下列材料属于合成材料的是()A. 棉花B. 尼龙C. 羊毛D. 蚕丝【答案】B【解析】【分析】三大合成材料是指塑料、合成橡胶和合成纤维。
【详解】A、棉花属于天然有机高分子材料,故A不正确;B、尼龙属于人工合成材料,故B正确;C、羊毛属于天然有机高分子材料,故C不正确;D、蚕丝属于天然有机高分子材料,故D不正确。
故选B。
4.下列实验操作规范的是()A. 量取液体B. 引燃酒精灯C. 滴加试剂D. 稀浓硫酸【答案】A【解析】【详解】A、量筒读数时视线要与量筒内液体的凹液面的最低处保持水平,故A正确;B、点燃酒精灯一定要用燃着的火柴,决不能用一盏酒精灯去点燃另一盏酒精灯,故B不正确;C、使用胶头滴管滴加少量液体,应垂直悬空在试管口上方滴加液体,防止污染胶头滴管,故C不正确;D、稀释浓硫酸时,要把浓硫酸缓缓地沿器壁注入水中,同时用玻璃棒不断搅拌,以使热量及时地扩散;一定不能把水注入浓硫酸中,故D不正确。
2019年江苏省盐城市中考语文试卷及答案解析
语文试卷 第1页(共18页)语文试卷 第2页(共10页)绝密★启用前江苏省盐城市2019年中考试卷语 文(满分:150分 考试时间:150分钟)一、积累与运用(35分)1.古诗文名句默写。
(10分)(1)仁者见仁,__________________。
(《周易》)(2)子曰:____________________,可以为师矣。
(《<论语>十二章》) (3)__________________,润物细无声。
(杜甫《春夜喜雨》) (4)谈笑有鸿儒,___________________。
(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)(5)乱花渐欲迷人眼,___________________。
(白居易《钱塘湖春行》) (6)________________,自缘身在最高层。
(王安石《登飞来峰》) (7)落红不是无情物,___________________。
(龚自珍《己亥杂诗》)(8)安得广厦千万间,_____________,风雨不动安如山! (杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》) (9)晏殊《浣溪沙》(一曲新词酒一杯)中“__________________,__________________”将自然现象与人的感受巧妙结合,生发出值得玩味的情趣。
2.阅读下面文字,按要求答题。
(5分)暖阳拂煦.( ),惠风和畅。
透过飞机舷窗___________(俯瞰 凝视)广袤.( )大地上的翠绿、金黄、深黑、浅灰、银白……大片大朵的色块,像无数巨型花朵,扑面而来。
那是田野、河流以及村庄的房舍屋脊勾l è( )出的色块与线条,这些在机翼下zh àn ( )放的花朵,就是我美丽的家乡。
(1)给加点字注音,或根据拼音写出汉字。
(4分) (2)为文中横线处选择一个合适的词语。
(1分) 3.下列句子中加点词语使用不正确一项是(2分)( )A.富有创造性的人总是孜孜不倦....地汲取知识,使自己学识渊博,积淀丰厚。
2019年江苏省盐城市中考数学试卷(word解析版)
2019江苏省徐州市中考数学满分:140分 时间:120分钟一.选择题(本题共8个小题,每小题3分,共24分)1.-2的倒数是( ) A.21- B.21C.2D.-22.下列计算正确的是( )A.422a a a =+B.222)(b a b a +=+C.933)(a a =D.623a a a =⋅3.下列长度的三条线段,能组成三角形的是( )A.2,2,4B.5,6,12C.5,7,2D.6,8,104.抛掷一枚质地均匀的硬币2000次,正面朝上的次数最有可能为( )A.500B.800C.1000D.12005.某小组7名学生的中考体育分数如下:37,40,39,37,40,38,40.该组数据的众数、中位数分别为() A.40,37 B.40,39 C.39,40 D.40,386.下图均由正六边形与两条对角线组成,其中不是轴对称图形的是( )7.若),(11y x A 、),(22y x B 都在函数x y 2019=的图象上,且210x x <<,则( )A.21y y <B.21y y =C.21y y >D.21y y -=8.如图,数轴上有O 、A 、B 三点,O 为原点,OA 、OB 分别表示仙女座星系,M87黑洞与地球的距离(单位:光年).下列选项中,与点B 表示的数最为接近的是( )A.5×106B.107C.5×107D.108二.填空题(本大题共有10小题,每小题3分,共30分)9.8的立方根是 .10.要使1+x 有意义的x 的取值范围是 .11.方程042=-x 的解为 . 12.若2+=b a ,则代数式222b ab a +-的值为 .13.如图,矩形ABCD 中,AC 、BD 交于点O ,M 、N 分别为BC 、OC 的中点.若MN=4,则AC 的长为 .14.如图,A 、B 、C 、D 为一个外角为40°的正多边形的顶点.若O 为正多边形的中心,则∠OAD= °15.如图,沿一条母线将圆锥侧面剪开并展平,得到一个扇形,若圆锥的底面圆半径r=2cm ,扇形的圆心角θ=120°,则该圆锥的母线长l 为 cm.16.如图,无人机于空中A 处测得某建筑顶部B 处的仰角为45°,测得该建筑底部C 处的俯角为17°,若无人机的飞行高度AD 为62m ,则该建筑的高度BC 为 m.(参考数据:sin17°≈0.29,cos17°≈0.96,tan17°≈0.31)17. 已知二次函数的图像经过点P (2,2),顶点为O (0,0),将该图像向右平移,当它再次经过点P 时,所得抛物线的函数表达式为18. 函数y=x+1的图象与x 轴、y 轴分别交于A 、B 两点,点C 在x 轴上。
2019江苏省盐城市中考试题解析
指针落在阴影部分的概率为
.
【答案】 1 2
【解析】解:圆被等分成 6 份,其中阴影部分占 3 份,落在阴影区域的概率为 1 ,故答案为 1 .
2
2
【知识点】几何概率
12. (2019 江苏盐城,12 ,3 分)甲、乙两人在 100 米短跑训练中,某 5 次的平均成绩相等,甲的方差是 0.14s2 ,乙的方差是 0.06s2 ,这 5 次短跑训练成绩较稳定的是 .(填“甲”或“乙” ) 【答案】乙 【解析】解:甲的方差为 0.14s2 ,乙的方差为 0.06s2 , S甲2 S乙2 ,成绩较为稳定的是乙;故答案为乙. 【知识点】方差
D、 (a2 )3 a6 ,故选项 D 不合题意,
故选 B.
D. (a2 )3 a5
【知识点】合并同类项;同底数幂的除法;同底数幂的乘法;幂的乘方与积的乘方
7. (2019 江苏盐城,7,3 分)正在建设中的北京大兴国际机场规划建设面积约 1400000 平方米的航站楼,数据
1400000 用科学记数法应表示为 ( )
【答案】C 【解析】解:从正面看易得第一层有 3 个正方形,第二层中间有一个正方形,如图所示:
故选 C. 【知识点】三视图
6.(2019 江苏盐城,6,3 分)下列运算正确的是 ( )
A. a5 ga2 a10
B. a3 a a2
C. 2a a 2a2
【答案】B 【解析】解:A、 a5 ga2 a7 ,故选项 A 不合题意; B、 a3 a a2 ,故选项 B 符合题意; C、 2a a 3a ,故选项 C 不合题意;
D.2
2. (2019 江苏盐城,2,3 分)下列图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是 ( )
2019年江苏省盐城市中考英语试卷答案解析版
2019年江苏省盐城市中考英语试卷一、单选题(本大题共15小题,共15.0分)1.Yancheng,________energetic city,has set up trade relations with lots of countries andareas.()A. aB. anC. theD. /2. A marathon was held in Yancheng ____________21st April,which drew 12,000runners.()A. onB. inC. atD. by3.Each of us _____ a life goal,which will guide us to a bright future.()A. hasB. haveC. will haveD. had4.Size and type do not matter ﹣you ______ do almost anything if you never give up.()A. shouldB. mustC. needD. can5._________ needs one or two close friends to share his happiness and sadness with.()A. SomeoneB. No oneC. NoneD. Everyone6.The number of the people using Huawei ________is getting larger and larger.()A. culturesB. customersC. productsD. histories7.Iˈve wanted to read Peter Pan for long,_________ today I finally borrowed the bookfrom the library.()A. orB. butC. andD. since8.You need not only talent but also hard work to become a _________ football player.()A. youngB. successfulC. happyD. friendly9.Mr Wu keeps __________ his students that the future belongs to the well﹣educated.()A. tellingB. to tellC. orderingD. to order10._________ say the English is too difficult for us to learn.We can learn it well withefforts.()A. AlwaysB. SometimesC. SeldomD. Never11.In Chinese culture,children born in the Year of the Monkey ______ to be smart.()A. sayB. saidC. will be saidD. are said12.﹣Do you know ____________Grandma is going to visit us?﹣Next Saturday.She told me on the phone.()A. whereB. whyC. whenD. whether13.﹣WeChat makes communication much easier.﹣_____ We can keep in touch with each other anytime and anywhere.()A. With pleasure.B. I canˈt agree more.C. What a shame!D. Donˈt mention it.14."___________" means "If lots of people share the work,it will make a job easier tocomplete."()A. Burn the candle at both ends.B. Every dog has its day.C. Many hands make light work.D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.15.﹣Excuse me,could you please tell me___________?﹣Sure.Itˈs on Jianjun Road.()A. where can I find the museumB. where I can find the museumC. how far the museum is from hereD. how far is the museum from here二、完形填空(本大题共15小题,共22.5分)The Secret SoldierA young soldier,Robert Shurtliff,lay dying in a hospital bed.He was too __(16)__ to speak or move.Two men stood over him."I think this young man has __(17)__ ," one man said."Iˈll take his jacket and boots," said the other.Robert gathered all of his strength to __(18)__ ,"I…Iˈm alive."The doctor came running over as Robert fell into a coma(昏迷)."We can _(19)___ him," he said as he examined the young soldier,"Oh,my! Heˈs a__(20)__ ! "It was true.The young soldier,Robert Shurtliff,was really DeborahSampson. _(21)___ who was she?Deborah Sampson had grown up in Massachusetts,living as aservant.She __(22)__ of having great adventures (冒险)._(23)___ the Revolutionary War broke out in 1775,women were not allowed to serve in the army.But Deborah _(24)___ herself as a man and became a solider.She called herself Robert Shurtliff.One day,during an attack,Deborah was shot in the neck and __(25)__.Another soldier lifted Deborah into his horse and rode her to the __(26)__.A doctor treated the wound on her back and asked if __(27)__ had any other injuries.Deborah lied and said no.She was afraid that if the doctor examined her leg,he would discoverher __(28)__.Using a pocket knife,Deborah got the bullet(子弹)out of her own leg.She __(29)__ to fight as a soldier.After the war ended,Deborah got married and had children.But she still longedfor __(30)__.So she put on her soldierˈs uniform and travelled around the country telling of her life as young,brave soldier,Robert Shurtliff.16. A. busy B. weak C. surprised D. strong17. A. got up B. lost heart C. passed away D. got lost18. A. whisper B. cry C. shout D. laugh19. A. accept B. kill C. support D. save20. A. soldier B. mother C. woman D. father21. A. Though B. But C. Or D. However22. A. died B. talked C. heard D. dreamed23. A. When B. While C. Until D. Since24. A. worked B. dressed C. acted D. lived25. A. arm B. hand C. leg D. stomach26. A. hospital B. library C. studio D. bedroom27. A. she B. he C. it D. they28. A. appearance B. ability C. beauty D. secret29. A. failed B. continued C. agreed D. planned30. A. home B. fashion C. peace D. adventure三、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)AAlong with wheat,rice is one of the most important food crops in the world.It is a nutritious,healthy food.Each year,farmers grow millions of tons of rice.Top Five Rice﹣producing Countries31.What food crop is the reading material mainly about____A. Wheat.B. Rice.C. Corn.D. Potato.32.In which country is the most rice grown?____A. China.B. Bangladesh.C. India.D. Vietnam.33.From the map we know that the five countries are all in____.A. Europe.B. Africa.C. America.D. Asia.BBullying can happen to me or you or anybody,but there are things that we can all do to help.What is bullyingBullying is when someone makes you feel bad or hurts you again and again.Bullying can happen at school or out of school or online.Bullying includes:• calling people unkind names• laughing at people•taking someoneˈs things without being allowed• not letting someone play in a group• hitting peopleWhat is cyberbullyingCyberbullying happens online and includes:• sending unkind messages• sharing photos without permission• not letting someone be part of an online groupWhat can you doIf someone is mean to you,tell an adult that you know or like.For example,talk to a parents or a teacher.You can block a person who sends mean message online.Donˈt reply.Talk to your parents or teachers or an adult you know well if you see bullying or if you are worried about a friend.Say sorry if youˈre mean to someone.You can write a message or talk to the person.Think about how to be kind in the future.We can all help to say no to bullying.34.Which type of bullying is the picture about____A. Laughing at people.B. Telling lies about people.C. Not letting someone play in a group.D. Hitting people.35.What can you do if you are bullied online____A. Turn to your parents or teachers for help.B. Write back and try to make more friends.C. Keep the problems and worries to yourself.D. Tell strangers about the harm of cyberbullying.36.Which can be the best title for this passage____A. Bullying is everywhereB. Say no to bullyingC. Keep away from cyberbullyingD. Say sorry to people who are bulliedCMany children today live in unsafe places.They may live where wars have been fought or where there is a lot of crimes.Play for Peace is an organization formed to help these children.It does so by bringing kids and adults.For what?To make a more peaceful world.Places where Play for Peace works include Northern Ireland,India,and Germany.Kids from different backgrounds come together to play games.Some of the games encourage them to work together and to learn about one another.While playing,kids begin to understand their different ways of thinking and doing things.As kids in the program get older.Play for Peace teaches them to be leaders.They become advisers.The older kids lead the games for the younger kids.One leader called Mandeep from a small village in India described her experience." I didnˈt realize there was a larger world until I joined Play for Peace…It was a big challenge for me.But I grew to feel safe and like them even though they were different from me."Play for Peace works because it brings kids together.They have fun and learn how to get along.Many kids who take part find that they have much in common﹣and they become friends!37.What organization is the passage about?____A. Project Hope.B. ORBIS.C. Play for Peace.D. UNICEF.38.What is the main purpose of the organization?____A. To make the world more peaceful.B. To bring kids and adults together.C. To teach older kids to lead games for younger ones.D. To make children understand different ways of thinking.39.What did Mandeep think of her experience in the program?____A. Common but comfortable.B. Tiring but interesting.C. Challenging but meaningful.D. Dangerous but unusual.40.Why does the author write this passage?____A. To encourage kids to runaway from wars.B. To explain the importance of playing games.C. To tell kids how to get along with each other.D. To introduce a charitable organization to readers.DPeople have told stories about Robin Hood for over 700 years.Nobody knows if he was a real person or an invented character.In the legends,Robin was extremely smart and humorous,he helped strangers,and later his kindness paid off.The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood was just a young man,who was good at archery (射箭术).One day he was walking through Sherwood Forest,a royal hunting forest near Nottingham in England.There he got into trouble with a group of men.Among them,he killed the cousin of the Sheriff (郡长)of Nottingham.Robin became a legendary outlaw,and soon the leader of one hundred outlaws,known as his "Merry Men".Robin and his "Merry Men" always looked for rich people and asked them to their camp in Sherwood Forest.When they arrived,Robin gave them a good meal and played music for them.Then he took their gold away to help the poor.Robin became most famous for "robbing from the rich and giving to the poor."The Sheriff of Nottingham was Robinˈs greatest enemy.He was cruel and treated the poor badly.It was his job to keep the woods s afe and to make sure that nobody stole the kingˈs deer.He hated Robin because Robin was an outlaw.But most of all,he hated Robin because everyone else loved him.The Sheriff of Nottingham kept trying to catch Robin Hood and his "Merry Men",but never succeeded.41.What was Robin Hood like according to the passage____A. Clever and full of fun.B. Smart and serious.C. Cruel to the poor people.D. Good at telling stories.42.The underlined word " outlaw" in Paragraph 3 means____.A. enemyB. criminalC. kingD. fighter43.What was Robin Hood best known for____A. Playing beautiful music for the rich.B. Robbing the rich and helping the poor.C. Stealing the kingˈs deer in Sherwood Forest.D. Killing the cousin of the Sheriff of Nottingham.44.Which is the right order of what happened in the story____①Robin became the leader of a group of outlaws.②Robin asked the rich people to Sherwood Forest.③Robin killed the cousin of the Sheriff of Nottingham.④Robin gave poor people the gold he took away from the rich.A. ①④②③B. ②③①④C. ③①④②D. ③①②④45.What can we learn from the first and last paragraphs?____A. Robin Hood was a real man who once lived in England.B. People can only read stories of Robin Hood from books.C. The stories of Robin Hood are still very popular nowadays.D. Robin Hood didnˈt get help from strangers who he once helped.四、任务型阅读-简答(本大题共1小题,共2.0分)46.阅读与回答问题Have you ever heard the saying " There is no place like home! " This is just another way of saying that home is a very special place.Our bedroom,our family,our pets,and all of the things we love are at home.Is home a place where you can relax and have fun Is home a place where you get all of your best thinking done?Being at home means different things to differentpeople.As people grow older,home usually represents more responsibility (责任)because it needs care inside and out.Who takes care of all of these things in your home?How do you help out?There are many different kinds of homes.Some people live in apartments,condos,or single﹣family homes.Homes have different rooms that are used for differentpurpose.The kitchen,the bedrooms,the living room and the bathroom each have their own use.Suppose your house does not have a roof and you are a bird flying over it,what does your house look like Think about it.Some people might say that family and food are two of the best parts of being home.At home,you can tell your parents about your day,play with your pets,and grab a snack from the cupboard of fridge.You can relax in your room and read a book or play a game.You can ask friends over to play.Home is a place to take care of and be grateful for.Even though you are young,you can help to make a nice place to be.After all,home is where the heart is!回答下面5个问题,每题答案不超过5个词.What does the saying " There is no place like home! " tell us____Why does home mean more responsibility as people grow older?____How many types of rooms are mentioned in Paragraph ____What are the two best parts of being home according to some people?____In your opinion,how can you help to make your home a nice place to be?____五、任务型阅读-完成表格(本大题共1小题,共10.0分)47.阅读并完成图表.每空一词.Emperor penguins are the largest penguins on Earth.Each adult is over a metre tall,and can weigh up to 40 kilograms.For many months each year,emperors live near the sea in large groups called colonies.However,in May,the weather gets colder and ice covers large areas of ocean.Each colony moves many kilomtres from the water.Sharing the workThere,each mother penguin lays just one egg.Then all the hungry mothers must walk back to the ocean to find food.The father penguins put their eggs on top of the feet,under a special piece of skin called the brood pouch.For two months,the fatherpenguins keep the eggs safe and warm.Antarctica.Most animals leave for warmer places,but the father penguins stay.In this time,without food,a father penguin can lose almost half of his weight.New lifeThen the babies begin to hatch! The mother penguin returns just in time to see her baby come out of its egg.The chick is then moved to her bored pouch.This can be difficult.If the chick falls,it can freeze quickly,so the penguin parents must be very careful! Once this is done,the father penguin can go back to the ocean to find food.Growing upOver the next few months,penguin parents take turns to go to the ocean for food.They each make the trip several times,bringing back food for the chick.The chick grows quickly and is always hungry.Into the waterBy December,winter is ending.The chick is five months old and can live on its own.Soon it enters the water for the first time.It will swim and eat until next April,and then return here.After a few more years,it,too,will start its own family.__________________________________________________________________________________________六、首字母短文填空(本大题共1小题,共10.0分)48.根据短文、页边及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整.________________________________________________________________________________七、单词拼写-单句(本大题共5小题,共5.0分)49.根据句意和汉语提示写出单词,完成句子.Knowledge is a treasure,but practice is the____ to it.(钥匙)50.根据句意和汉语提示写出单词,完成句子.Follow these small____,and you can make a big difference to the Earth.(步骤)51.根据句意和汉语提示写出单词,完成句子.The temperature in our hometown usually drops____zero in winter.(在… ..以下)52.根据句意和汉语提示写出单词,完成句子.Tan Dunˈs music Water,which is full of the sounds of nature,is____listening to.(值得)53.根据句意和汉语提示写出单词,完成句子.Thereˈre many rocks in unusual sh apes﹣some hang down,and others____ upwards.(指向)八、单句语法填空(本大题共5小题,共5.0分)54.根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空.Greenhouse gases are____ to the environment.(harm)55.根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空.A good neighbour is____ than a brother far away.(good)56.根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空.We canˈt____ judg e a book by its cover or its title.(simple)57.根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空.About 300 to 1,300 red﹣crowned cranes____ to Yancheng Nature Reserve every year tospend the winter.(fly)58.根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空.A documentary about Yancheng wetlands was down at the____ Nice International FilmFestival.(eight)九、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共20.0分)59.你校将组织英语作文比赛,请根据所给提示,以"Live a Colourful Life"为题,写一篇短文参赛.注意事项:(1)词数:100词左右(文章开头已给出,不计入总词数);(2)文中不能出现真实姓名、校名等信息;(3)文章必须包含所提供的主要信息,并作适当发挥.Live a Colourful LifeLife is a gift.We should do what is interesting and meaningfulto_____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________答案和解析1.【答案】B【解析】句意:盐城,一个充满活力的城市,已经跟很多国家和地区建立了贸易关系。
2019年江苏省盐城市中考物理试卷以及解析答案
2019年江苏省盐城市中考物理试卷一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题2分,共24分,每小题给出的四个选项中只有一个选项正确1.(2分)下列利用不可再生能源发电的是()A.水力发电B.风力发电C.光伏发电D.核能发电2.(2分)夏天,从冰箱冷藏室中取出的饮料在空气中会“,冒汗”,形成“汗”的物态变化是()A.液化B.汽化C.凝华D.升华3.(2分)小刚连接好如图所示的电路后,下列操作能使电流表指针偏转的是()A.导体AB向右运动B.导体AB沿磁场方向运动C.闭合开关,导体AB向左运动D.闭合开关,导体AB沿磁场方向运动4.(2分)小明在使用台灯时,下列做法符合安全用电要求的是()A.用湿布擦拭发光的灯泡B.更换灯泡前先断开电源C.使用导线老化开裂的台灯D.换用超过台灯规定功率的灯泡5.(2分)做“探究影响滑动摩擦力大小因素”的实验中,读取弹簧测力计示数应在木块()A.未被拉动时B.刚被拉动时C.匀速直线运动时D.刚刚停止运动6.(2分)小明利用太阳光测量凸透镜的焦距。
下列操作最合理的是()A.B.C.D.7.(2分)下列由光的直线传播形成的现象是()A.铅笔在水面处“折断”B.人在阳光下形成影子C.放大镜把字放大D.拱桥在水中形成倒影8.(2分)如图所示,工人用动滑轮匀速提升重物,这样做()A.省力,不改变施力的方向B.不省力,改变施力的方向C.既省力,也改变施力的方向D.既不省力,也不改变施力的方向9.(2分)将红墨水滴入水中,一会儿整杯水变红了,这一现象中()A.只有水分子运动,进入墨水分子间隙B.只有墨水分子运动,进入水分子间隙C.水分子和墨水分子都在运动,彼此进入对方的分子间隙D.水分子和墨水分子都在运动,只是墨水分子进入水分子间隙10.(2分)如图所示为长江某水坝的示意图,水坝左侧水面高,B和C两点处于同一高度,A和C两点到各自液面的距离相等。
水在A、B和C三点产生的压强分别为p A、p B和p C,则()A.p A<p B=p C B.p A=p C>p B C.p A>p B=p C D.p A=p C<p B 11.(2分)现代建筑多采用中空双层玻璃窗隔热,实验表明,中空双层玻璃窗的隔热性能与两层玻璃间空气压强有关,实验测得中空双层玻璃内外温差与中间空气压强关系如图所示,则中空双层玻璃中间空气压强()A.等于大气压强时,没有隔热效果B.小于10﹣1Pa时,隔热效果变差C.在10﹣1~102Pa时,隔热效果最好D.等于10﹣3Pa时的隔热效果比104Pa时好12.(2分)雷雨天,小王观察到某次闪电经历的时间为t1,听到这次闪电发出的雷声持续时间为t2(不计云层间回声时间),刚开始看到闪电到刚开始听到需声的时间为t3,声音和光传播速度分别为v和c,则()A.t1=t2,闪电发生位置到小王距离约为vt3B.t1<t2,闪电发生位置到小王距离约为vt3C.t1=t2,闪电发生位置到小王距离约为vt3+ct1D.t1<t2,闪电发生位置到小王距离约为vt3+ct1二、填空题:本题共8小题,每空1分,共24分13.(3分)4月28日,马龙夺得2019年布达佩斯世乒赛男子单打冠军,成为54年来获得三连冠的第一人,决赛中,马龙将迎面飞来的球扣回,这一现象表明球受到的作用力改变了球的,该力的施力物体是,球离开球拍后,由于仍向前运动。
2019年江苏省盐城市中考政治试题及答案
2019年江苏省盐城市中考政治试卷参考答案与试题解析一、单项选择题:每小题只有一个选项最符合题意.本题共14小题,每小题2分,计28分.1.(2分)子曰:“夫仁者,已欲立而立人,己欲达而达人。
”这启示我们()A.努力提升自己,乐于帮助他人B.掌握交往礼仪,学会合作竞争C.注意沟通技巧,磨砺坚强意志D.尊重他人权益,促进社会和谐2.(2分)在南飞北返的过程中,大雁总是结队而行。
据研究一一群“人”字形或“一”字飞行的大雁能比单飞的大雁多飞70%的里程。
下列不属于从中悟出的道理是()A.团结的集体必须有共同目标和共同行动B.遵守规则要靠一定的强制和监督的力量C.要正确处理个人利益和集体利益的关系D.团结协作应成为现代人具备的基本素质3.(2分)如图漫画的寓意是()A.培养高雅生活情趣B.树立自尊自信品格C.保持积极乐观心态D.克服盲目从众心理4.(2分)老英雄张富清60多年深藏功名,事迹感人。
在部队,他保家卫国:到地方,他为民造福。
他用自己的朴实纯粹、淡泊名利书写了精彩人生。
张富清的上述事迹启迪我们()A.了解社会变化,参与公共生活B.积极担负责任,实现人生价值C.学会换位思考,热心服务社会D.正确对待挫折,调适生活环境5.(2分)近年来,我国政府多部门联合对“老赖”实施失信惩戒措施。
这是因为()A.诚实守信是我国公民的根本活动准则B.只有行政机关才能维护社会公平正义C.政府部门联合执法才能根除失信行为D.建设社会信用体系是经济发展的保障6.(2分)如图漫画着重说明()A.行使权力须规范B.维护权利有程序C.法无授权不可为D.履行义务守规矩7.(2分)“环境就是民生,青山就是美丽,蓝天也是幸福。
要像保护眼睛一样保护生态环境,像对待生命一样对待生态环境。
”下列做法符合这一理念的是()A.保护耕地资源B.提倡超前消费C.坚持计划生育D.践行低碳生活8.(2分)“低利息、无需抵押,快速放款”等网贷广告极具隐蔽性,受害人开始被骗时只付出微小的代价一一将手机通讯录向网贷平台开放,随之而来的是巨额利息,受害人的亲友也会受到无尽的骚扰。
2019年江苏盐城市数学中考试卷含答案解析
2019年江苏省盐城市中考数学试卷考试时间:120分钟 满分:150分一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题3分,合计24分. 1.(2019江苏盐城)如图,数轴上点······························ ( )A .-1B .0C .1D .2 {答案}C2.(2019江苏盐城) ··············· ( ){答案}B{解析}本题考查了轴对称图形、中心对称图形的意义.选项A 仅是轴对称图形;选项B 既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形;选项C 仅是中心对称图形;选项D 仅是中心对称图形,因此本题选B3.(2019江苏盐城)若2x 有意义,则x 的取值范围是 ····································· ( )A .x ≥2B .x ≥-2C .x >2D .x >-2 {答案}A{解析}本题考查了二次根式有意义的条件.由题意,得 x -2≥0,解得x ≥2,因此本题选A .4.(2019江苏盐城)如图,点D 、E 分别是△ABC 边BA 、BC 的中点,AC =3,则DE 的长为 ············································································································· ( )A .2B .43C .3D .32{答案}D{解析}本题考查了三角形的中位线定理.∵点D 、E 分别是△ABC 的边AB 、BC 的中点,AC =3,∴DE =12AC =32,因此本题选D .5.(2019江苏盐城)如图是由6个小正方体搭成的物体,该所示物体的主视图是 ······· ( ){答案}C{解析}本题考查了主视图的意义.从正面观察物体,看到3列,从左到右第1列有一层,第2列(第5题图)A .B .C .D .(第4题图) C DE ABA .B .C .D .-1-212有两层,第三列有一层,故主视图有3列,从左到右第1列有一个正方形,第2列有2个正方形,第3列有1个正方形,因此本题选C .6.(2019江苏盐城)下列运算正确的是 ··························································· ( )A .52a a ⋅=10aB .3a a ÷=2aC .2a a +=22aD .23()a =5a {答案}B{解析}本题考查了幂的运算法则以及合并同类项法则.52a a ⋅=52a +=7a ,选项A 不正确;3a a ÷=31a -=2a ,选项B 正确;2a a +=(21)a +=3a ,选项C 不正确;23()a =23a ⨯=6a ,选项D 不正确.因此本题选B .7.(2019江苏盐城)正在建设中的北京大兴国际机场规划建设面积约1 400 000平方米的航站楼,数据1 400 000用科学记数法应表示为 ···················································· ( ) A .0.14×108 B .1.4×107 C .1.4×106 D .14×105 {答案}C{解析}本题考查了科学记数法的意义.科学记数法的表示形式为a ×10n ,其中1≤a <10,n 为整数.确定n 的值时,要看把原数变成a 时,小数点移动了多少位,n 的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同.当原数绝对值≥1时,n 是非负数;当原数的绝对值<1时,n 是负数.用科学记数法表示数1 400 000,则a =1.4,此时小数点向左移动了6位,所以n =6,因此1 400 000=1.4×106,因此本题选C .8.(2019江苏盐城)关于x 的一元二次方程x 2+kx -2=0(k 为实数)根的情况是 ······· ( )A .有两个不相等的实数根B .有两个相等的实数根C .没有实数根D .不能确定{答案}A{解析}本题考查了一元二次方程的根的差别式.∵b 2-4ac =241(2)k -⨯⨯-=28k +>0,∴关于x 的一元二次方程x 2+kx -2=0有两个不相等的实数根,因此本题选A . 二、填空题:本大题共8小题,每小题3分,合计24分. 9.(2019江苏盐城)如图,直线a ∥b ,∠1=50°,那么∠2=________°.{答案}50°{解析}本题考查了平行线的性质“两直线平行,同位角相等”.∵a ∥b ,∠1=50°,∴∠2=∠1=50°.10.(2019江苏盐城)分解因式:x 2-1=________.{答案}(x +1)(x -1){解析}本题考查了运用平方差公式因式分解,x 2-1=(x +1)(x -1).11.(2019江苏盐城)如图,转盘中6个扇形的面积都相等.任意转动转盘1次,当转盘停止转动时,指针落在阴影部分的概率为________.(第11题图)(第9题图)12ba{答案}12{解析}本题考查了等可能条件下的概率.扇形中一共有6个形状相同的扇形,其中3个扇形含有阴影,∴P (指针落在阴影部分)==36=12.12.(2019江苏盐城)甲、乙两人在100米短跑训练中,某5次的平均成绩相等,甲的方差是0.14 s 2,乙的方差是0.06 s 2,这5次短跑训练成绩较稳定的是________.(填“甲”或“乙”){答案}乙{解析}本题考查了方差的意义.∵0.14>0.06,即2s 甲>2s 乙,∴这5次短跑训练成绩较稳定的是乙.13.(2019江苏盐城)设x 1、x 2是方程x 2-3x +2=0的两个根,则x 1+x 2-x 1x 2=________.{答案}1{解析}本题考查了一元二次方程根与系数的关系.∵1x 、2x 是方程x 2-3x +2=0,∴1x +2x =3,1x 2x =2.∴1212x x x x +-=3-2=1.14.(2019江苏盐城)如图,点A 、B 、C 、D 、E 在⊙O 上,且AB 为50°,则∠E +∠C =________°.{答案}155°{解析}如答图所示.连接OA 、OB ,AE .∵AB 为50°,∴∠AOB =50°.∴∠BEA =12∠AOB =25°.∵四边形ACDE 是⊙O 的内接四边形,∴∠C +∠AED =180°,即∠C +∠DEB +∠BEA =180°.∴∠C +∠DEB =180°-∠BEA =180°-25°=155°.15.(2019江苏盐城)如图,在△ABC 中,BC,∠C =45°,AB,则AC 的长为________.{答案}{解析}如答图所示,过点A 作AD ⊥BC 于点D ,则∠ADC =90°.在Rt △ACD 中,∵∠C =45°,∴∠DAC =90°-∠C =90°-45°=45°.∴∠DAC =∠C .∴AD =C D .设AD =CD =x ,在Rt △ACD 中,由勾股定理得AC.∵ABAC ,∴AB×第14题答图(第15题图)CA(第14题图)=2x .在Rt △ABD 中,由勾股定理得BD.∴BC =BD+CD+x=1)x .∵BC1),∴1)x1).解得x =2.∴AC=16.(2019江苏盐城)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,一次函数y =2x -1的图像分别交x 、y 轴于点A 、B ,将直线AB 绕点B 按顺时针方向旋转45°,交y 轴于点C ,则直线BC 的函数表达式是________.{答案} y =13x -1{解析}在y =2x -1中,当x =0时,y =-1;当y =0时,x =12.∴B (0,-1),A (12,0).∴OA =12,OB =1.如答图所示,过A 作AD ⊥AB 交BC 于点D ,过点D 作DE ⊥x 轴于点E .∴∠BAD =∠AED =90°.∴∠OAB +∠EAD =90°.∵∠AOB =90°,∴∠OAB +∠OBA =90°.∴∠EAD =∠OBA .在Rt △ABD 中,∵∠ABD =45°,∴∠ADB =90°-∠ABD =90°-45°=45°.∴∠ABD =∠AD B .∴AB =AD .在△OAB 与△EDA 中,AOB AED OBA EAD AB AD ∠=∠⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩,,,∴△OAB≌△EDA .∴AE =OB =1,DE =OA =12.∴OE =OA +AE =12+1=32.∴D (32,12-).设直线BC 的函数表达式为y =kx +b .把B (0,-1)、D (32,12-)代入得11322b k b -=⎧⎪⎨-=+⎪⎩,.解得k =13,b =-1.∴直线BC 的函数表达式为y =13x -1.三、解答题:本大题共 小题,合计分.第15题答图17.(2019江苏盐城)计算:012(sin36)tan 452-+︒-︒.{解析}本题考查了实数的运算,解答时先分别计算出绝对值、零次幂、算术平方根、特殊角的三角函数,然后再进行加减运算. {答案}解:原式=2+1-2+1=2.18.(2019江苏盐城)解不等式组:121232x x x +>⎧⎪⎨+⎪⎩,.{解析}本题考查了一元一次不等式组的解法.解答时先分别解出不等式组中每个不等式的解集,再确定出各个解集的公共部分.{答案}解:121232x x x +>⎧⎪⎨+⎪⎩,①.② 由①,得 x >1.由②,得x ≥-2.∴不等式组的解集为x >1.19.(2019江苏盐城)如图,一次函数y =x +1的图像交y 轴于点A ,与反比例函数y =kx(x >0)的图像交于点B (m ,2). (1)求反比例函数的表达式; (2)求△AOB 的面积.{解析}本题考查了反比例函数、一次函数以及待定系数法.(1)先将点B 的坐标代入一次函数关系式,求出横坐标m 的值,再将点B 的坐标代入反比例函数关系式,求出k 的值,从而得到反比例函数关系式;(2)先求出点A 的坐标,再过点B 作△OAB 的边OA 上的高,由点A 、B 的坐标确定出OA 长、及OA 边上的高的长,最后求出△OAB 的面积.{答案}解: 1)把B (m ,2)代入y =x +1,得2=m +1,解得m =1.∴B (1,2).把B (1,2)代入y =k x,得2=1k .∴k =2.∴反比例函数表达式为y =2x .(2)在y =x +1中,当x =0时,y =1.∴A (0,1).∴OA =1.解方程组12y x y x =+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩,得21x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩,或12x y =⎧⎨=⎩,.∴B (1,2).如答图所示,过点B 作BC ⊥y 轴于点C ,则BC =1.∴S △AOB =12OA ·BC =12×1×1=12. (第19题图)20.(2019江苏盐城)在一个不透明的布袋中,有2个红球,1个白球,这些球除颜色外都相同.(1)搅匀后从中任意摸出1个球,摸到红球的概率是________;(2)搅匀后先从中任意摸出1个球(不放回),再从余下的球中任意摸出1个球.求两次都摸到红球的概率.(用树状图或表格列出所有等可能出现的结果){解析}本题考查了等可能条件下的概率.(1)利用等可能条件下的概率公式P =mn直接求解;(2)先用表格(或画树状图)列出所有可能出现的结果,再利用等可能条件下的概率公式P =mn求解. {答案}解: (1)∵布袋中有2个红球,1个白球,∴一共有3个球.∴P (摸出一个球是红球)=23.(2)给红球标号:红1,红2,用表格列出所在可能出现的结果如下:由表格可知,一共有6种可能出现的结果,它们是等可能的,其中两次都摸到红球的有2种,∴P (两次都摸到红球)=26=13.21.(2019江苏盐城)如图,AD 是△ABC 的角平分线.(1)作线段AD 的垂直平分线EF ,分别交AB 、AC 于点E 、F ;(用直尺和圆规作图,标明字母,保留作图痕迹,不写作法.) (2)连接DE 、DF ,四边形AEDF 是________形.(直接写出答案){解析}本题考查了尺规作图,菱形的判定.(1)利用作垂直平分线的尺规作图方法作图即可;(2)先证明四边形AEDF 是平行四边形,再根据邻边相等(或对角线互相垂直)判别出四边形AEDF 为菱形.过程如下:如图,设EF 交AD 于点G .∵EF 是AD 的垂直平分线,∴AE =DE ,AG =DG .∴∠EAD =∠EDA .∵AD 是△ABC 的平分线,∴∠EAD =∠CAD .∴∠EDA =∠CAD .在△DEG 和△AFG 中,第18题答图(第21题图) C D ABEDA CAD DGE AGF AG DG ∠=∠⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩,,,∴△DEG ≌△AFG .∴EG =GF .又∵AG =DG ,∴四边形AEDF 是平行四边形.又∵AE =DE ,∴四边形AEDF 是菱形.{答案}解: (1)如答图1所示(2)菱形22.(2019江苏盐城)体育器材室有A 、B 两种型号的实心球,1只A 型球与l 只B 型球的质量共7千克,3 只A 型球与l 只B 型球的质量共13千克. (1)每只A 型球、B 型球的质量分别是多少千克?(2)现有A 型球、B 型球的质最共17千克,则A 型球、B 型球各有多少只?{解析}本题考查了二次一次方程组的应用,二元一次方程的应用.(1)根据两个相等关系“1只A 型球与1只B 型球的质量共7千克”、“3只A 型球与1只B 型球的质量共13千克”列二元一次方程组求解;(2)根据相等关系“A 型球、B 型球的质量共17千克”列二元一次方程,再求它的正整数解.{答案}解: (1)设每只A 型球的质量为x 千克,每只B 型球的质量为y 千克.根据题意,得7313x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩,.解得34x y =⎧⎨=⎩,.答:每只A 型球的质量为3千克,每只B 型球的质量为4千克. (2)设A 型球有a 只,B 型球有b 只.根据题意,得 3a +4b =17.∴a =1743b-.∵a >0,∴1743b ->0.解得b <174.由题意知a 、b 为正整数,∴b 的正整数解为1,2,3,4.当b =1时,a =17413-⨯=133(不是整数,舍去);当b =2时,a =17423-⨯=3(符合题意);当b =3时,a =17433-⨯=53(不是整数,舍去);当b =4时,a =17443-⨯=13(不是整数,舍去).答:A 型球有3只,B 型球有2只.23.(2019江苏盐城)某公司共有400名销售人员,为了解该公司销售人员某季度商品销售情况,随机抽取部分销售人员该季度的销售数量,并把所得数据整理后绘制成如下统计图表进行分析.频数分布表 第21题答图2DBC第21题答图17113频数分布直方图(1)频数分布表中,a =________,b =________; (2)补全频数分布直方图;(3)如果该季度销量不低于80件的销售人员将被评为“优秀员工”,试估计该季度被评为“优秀员工”的人数.{解析}本题考查了频数分布直方图、统计表、频率以及用样本估计总体.(1)根据“各组频率之和等于1”得a =1-0.06-0.14-0.46-0.08=0.26.根据“频数÷总数=频率”可知,若选择A 组,则3÷b =0.06,解得b =50.(2)根据“各组频数之和等于总数”,又由(1)知总数为50,所以m =50-3-7-13-4=23,据此可补全频数分布直方图.(3)由频数分布表可知,该季度销量不低于80件的销售人员在D 、E 两组,用这两组的频率之和乘以总人数即可求解.{答案}解: (1)0.26,50. (2)如答图所示.(3)由频数分布表可知,该季度销量不低于80件的销售人员在D 、E 两组,这两组的频率分别为0.46,0.08.∴估计该季度被评为“优秀员工”的人数为400×(0.46+0.08)=216(人).答:估计该季度有240人被评为“优秀员工”.24.(2019江苏盐城)如图,在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB =90°,CD 是斜边AB 上的中线,以CD 为直径的⊙O 分别交AC 、BC 于点M 、N ,过点N 作NE ⊥AB ,垂足为E .(1)若⊙O 的半径为52,AC =6,求BN 的长;(2)求证:NE 与⊙O 相切.{解析}本题考查了圆周角定理的推论、直角三角形斜边上中线的性质、勾股定理以及切线的判定.(1)连接DM 、DN .由CD 是Rt △ABC 斜边AB 上的中线可得△ACD 、△BCD 是等腰三角形.由CD(第24题图) 1组别第23题答图是直径及∠ACB=90°可得四边形CMDN是矩形.在△ACD中利用“三线合一”得到CM长为AC的1 2,进而得到ND的长.由△BCD是等腰三角形及⊙O的半径为52可得BD长,最后在Rt△BDN中利用勾股定理求得BN的长;(2)连接ON,先在等腰三角形BCD利用“三线合一”证明点N为BC的中点,再在△BCD中利用三角形的中位线定理证明ON∥BD,再结合条件NE⊥AB证出ON⊥NE,从而得到NE与⊙O相切.{答案}解:(1)如答图所示,设AC交⊙O于点M.连接DM、DN.∵∠ACB=90°,CD是斜边AB的中线,∴CD=AD=BD.∵CD是⊙O的直径,∴∠DMC=∠DNC=90°.又∵∠ACB=90°,∴四边形CMDN是矩形.∴CM=DN.∵∠DMC=90°,∴DM⊥A C.又∵CD=AD,∴CM=12AC=1 2×6=3.∴DN=3.∵⊙O的半径为52,∴BD=CD=5.在Rt△BDN中,由勾股定理得BN==4.(2)如答图2所示,连接ON、DN.由(1)知CD=BD,∠CND=90°.∴BN=CN.又∵OC=OD,∴ON∥BD.又∵NE⊥DB,∴NE⊥ON.∴NE与⊙O相切.25.(2019江苏盐城)如图①是一张矩形纸片,按以下步骤进行操作:(Ⅰ)将矩形纸片沿DF折叠,使点A落在CD边上点E处,如图②;(Ⅱ)在第一次折叠的基础上,过点C再次折叠,使得点B落在边CD上点B′处,如图③,两次折痕交于点O:(Ⅲ)展开纸片,分别连接OB、OE、OC、FD,如图④.【探究】(1)证明:△OBC≌△OED;(2)若A8=8,设BC为x,OB2为y,求y关于x的关系式.第24题答图1第24题答图2图①CDAB图②EFCDAB图④DA'图③DF'{解析}本题考查了翻折变换、全等三角形的判定与性质、正方形的判定以及勾股定理.(1)连接EF.由折叠知∠BCO=∠ODE=∠FDE=45°.所以OC=OE.由第一次折叠知四边形ADEF是正方形,结合四边形BCEF是矩形得BC=EF=DE.利用“SAS”证得△OBC≌△OED.(2)连接BE.先由(1)中结论△OBC≌△OED得到OB=OE,再在Rt△BCE、Rt△BOE分别利用勾股定理表示BE2列出等式,最后用含x、y的代数式表示该等式中的线段长,从而得到y与x的关系式.{答案}解:(1)证明:连接EF.∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴AD=BC,∠ABC=∠BCD=∠ADE=∠DAF=90°.由折叠得∠DEF=∠DAF,AD=DE.∴∠DEF=90°.又∵∠ADE=∠DAF=90°,∴四边形ADEF是矩形.又∵AD=DE,∴四边形ADEF是正方形.∴AD=EF=DE,∠FDE=45°.∵AD=BC,∴BC=DE.由折叠得∠BCO=∠DCO=45°.∴∠BCO=∠DCO=∠FDE.∴OC=OD.在△OBC与△OED中,BC DEBCO FDEOC OD=⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩,,,∴△OBC≌△OED(SAS).(2)如答图2所示.连接EF、BE.∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴CD=AB=8.由(1)知,BC=DE.∵BC=x,∴DE=x.∴CE=8-x.由(1)知△OBC≌△OE D.∴OB=OE,∠OED=∠OB C.∵∠OED+∠OEC=180°,∴∠OBC+∠OEC=180°.在四边形OBCE中,∠BCE=90°,∠BCE+∠OBC+∠OEC+∠BOE=360°,∴∠BOE=90°.在Rt△OBE中,OB2+OE2=BE2.在Rt△BCE中,BC2+EC2=BE2.∴OB2+OE2=BC2+CE2.∵OB2=y,∴y+y=x2+(8-x)2.∴y=x2-8x+32,即y关于x的关系式为y=x2-8x+32.26.(2019江苏盐城)【生活观察】甲、乙两人买菜,甲习惯买一定质量的菜,乙习惯买一定金额的菜,两人每次买菜的单价相同,例如:第二次:第25题答图1E第25题答图2E(2)计算甲两次买菜的均价和乙两次买菜的均价。
2019江苏盐城中考英语真题解析
盐城市二〇一九年初中与升学考试英语试题第I卷(选择题,共60分)一、单项选择(共15小题,每小题1分,计15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
(2019﹒江苏盐城)1. Yancheng, ________energetic city, has set up trade relations with lots of countries and areas.A. aB. anC. theD. /1. B 考查冠词辨析。
句意:盐城是一个充满活力的城市,与许多国家和地区建立了贸易关系。
横线后面形容词energetic是以元音音素开头,所以要用不定冠词an来修饰。
故选B。
(2019﹒江苏盐城)2. Amarathon was held in Yancheng ____________21st April, which drew 12,000 runners.A. onB. inC. atD. by2. A 考查介词辨析。
句意:4月21日,马拉松在盐城举行,吸引了12000名参赛者。
21st April 具体到某一天,因此需要用介词on来连接。
故选A。
(2019﹒江苏盐城)3. Each of us _____ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future.A. hasB. haveC. will haveD. had3. A 考查动词辨析。
句意:我们每个人都有一个人生目标,它将指引我们走向光明的未来。
主句的主语Each of us是单数,谓语动词应该用has与之匹配。
故选A。
(2019﹒江苏盐城)4. Size and type do not matter – you ______ do almost anything if you never give up.A. shouldB. mustC. needD. can4. D考查情态动词辨析。
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2019年江苏省盐城市中考试题解析(满分150分,考试时间120分钟)一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分)1.(2019江苏盐城,1,3分)如图,数轴上点A 表示的数是( )A .1-B .0C .1D .2【答案】C【解析】解:数轴上点A 所表示的数是1,故选C . 【知识点】数轴2. (2019江苏盐城,2,3分)下列图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是( )【答案】B【解析】解:A 、是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故此选项错误; B 、既是中心对称图形也是轴对称图形,故此选项正确; C 、不是轴对称图形,是中心对称图形,故此选项错误; D 、不是轴对称图形,也不是中心对称图形,故此选项错误, 故选B .【知识点】中心对称图形;轴对称图形3. (2019江苏盐城,3,3分)使2x -有意义的x 的取值范围是( ) A .2x > B .2x <-C .2x …D .2x …【答案】D【解析】解:依题意,得20x -…,解得2x …,故选D . 【知识点】二次根式有意义的条件4. (2019江苏盐城,4,3分)如图,点D 、E 分别是ABC ∆边BA 、BC 的中点,3AC =,则DE 的长为( )A .2B .43C .3D .32【答案】D【解析】解:Q 点D 、E 分别是ABC ∆的边BA 、BC 的中点,DE ∴是ABC ∆的中位线,11.52DE AC ∴==, 故选D .【知识点】三角形中位线定理5. (2019江苏盐城,5,3分)如图是由6个小正方体搭成的物体,该所示物体的主视图是( )【答案】C【解析】解:从正面看易得第一层有3个正方形,第二层中间有一个正方形,如图所示:故选C .【知识点】三视图6.(2019江苏盐城,6,3分)下列运算正确的是( ) A .5210a a a =g B .32a a a ÷=C .222a a a +=D .235()a a =【答案】B【解析】解:A 、527a a a =g ,故选项A 不合题意; B 、32a a a ÷=,故选项B 符合题意; C 、23a a a +=,故选项C 不合题意; D 、236()a a =,故选项D 不合题意,故选B .【知识点】合并同类项;同底数幂的除法;同底数幂的乘法;幂的乘方与积的乘方7. (2019江苏盐城,7,3分)正在建设中的北京大兴国际机场规划建设面积约1400000平方米的航站楼,数据1400000用科学记数法应表示为( ) A .80.1410⨯B .71.410⨯C .61.410⨯D .51410⨯【答案】C【解析】科学记数法表示:1400 6000 1.410=⨯,故选C . 【知识点】科学记数法-表示较大的数8. (2019江苏盐城,8,3分)关于x 的一元二次方程220(x kx k +-=为实数)根的情况是( ) A .有两个不相等的实数根 B .有两个相等的实数根 C .没有实数根 D .不能确定【答案】A【解析】解:∵△22480b ac k =-=+>,∴有两个不相等的实数根,故选A . 【知识点】一元二次方程的根的判别式二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分)9.(2019江苏盐城,9,3分)如图,直线//a b ,150∠=︒,那么2∠= ︒.【答案】50.【解析】解://a b Q ,150∠=︒,1250∴∠=∠=︒. 【知识点】平行线的性质10. (2019江苏盐城,10,3分)分解因式:21x -= . 【答案】(1)(1)x x +-【解析】解:21(1)(1)x x x -=+-.【知识点】因式分解11. (2019江苏盐城,11,3分)如图,转盘中6个扇形的面积都相等.任意转动转盘1次,当转盘停止转动时,指针落在阴影部分的概率为 .【答案】12【解析】解:Q 圆被等分成6份,其中阴影部分占3份,∴落在阴影区域的概率为12,故答案为12. 【知识点】几何概率12. (2019江苏盐城,12,3分)甲、乙两人在100米短跑训练中,某5次的平均成绩相等,甲的方差是20.14s ,乙的方差是20.06s ,这5次短跑训练成绩较稳定的是 .(填“甲”或“乙” ) 【答案】乙【解析】解:Q 甲的方差为20.14s ,乙的方差为20.06s ,22S S ∴>乙甲,∴成绩较为稳定的是乙;故答案为乙.【知识点】方差13. (2019江苏盐城,13,3分)设1x 、2x 是方程2320x x -+=的两个根,则1212x x x x +-=g . 【答案】1【解析】解:1x 、2x 是方程2320x x -+=的两个根,123x x ∴+=,122x x =g ,1212321x x x x ∴+-=-=g ;故答案为1.【知识点】一元二次方程根与系数的关系14. (2019江苏盐城,14,3分)如图,点A 、B 、C 、D 、E 在O e 上,且¶AB 为50︒,则E C ∠+∠= °.【答案】155【解析】解:连接EA , Q ¶AB 为50︒,25BEA ∴∠=︒,Q 四边形DCAE 为O e 的内接四边形,180DEA C ∴∠+∠=︒,18025155DEB C ∴∠+∠=︒-︒=︒,故答案为:155.【知识点】圆周角定理;圆内接四边形的性质15. (2019江苏盐城,15,3分)如图,在ABC ∆中,62BC =+,45C ∠=︒,2AB AC =,则AC 的长为 .【答案】2【解析】解:过点A 作AD BC ⊥,垂足为点D ,如图所示. 设AC x =,则2AB x =. 在Rt ACD ∆中,2sin 2AD AC C x ==g , 2cos 2CD AC C x ==g ; 在Rt ABD ∆中,2AB x =,22AD x =, 2262BD AB AD ∴=-=. 626222BC BD CD x x ∴=+=+=+, 2x ∴=.故答案为2.【知识点】勾股定理;解直角三角形16.(2019江苏盐城,16,3分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,一次函数21y x =-的图象分别交x 、y 轴于点A 、B ,将直线AB 绕点B 按顺时针方向旋转45︒,交x 轴于点C ,则直线BC 的函数表达式是 .【答案】113y x =-【解析】解:Q 一次函数21y x =-的图象分别交x 、y 轴于点A 、B ,∴令0x =,得2y =-,令0y =,则1x =,1(2A ∴,0),(0,1)B -,12OA ∴=,1OB =, 过A 作AF AB ⊥交BC 于F ,过F 作FE x ⊥轴于E , 45ABC ∠=︒Q ,ABF ∴∆是等腰直角三角形, AB AF ∴=,90OAB ABO OAB EAF ∠+∠+∠+∠=︒Q , ABO EAF ∴∠=∠,()ABO AFE AAS ∴∆≅∆, 1AE OB ∴==,12EF OA ==, 3(2F ∴,1)2-,设直线BC 的函数表达式为:y kx b =+, ∴31221k b b ⎧+=-⎪⎨⎪=-⎩, ∴131k b ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=-⎩, ∴直线BC 的函数表达式为:113y x =-, 故答案为:113y x =-.【知识点】一次函数图象三、解答题(本大题共11小题,满分102分,各小题都必须写出解答过程) 17. (2019江苏盐城,17,6分)计算:01|2|(sin36)4tan 452-+︒--+︒.【思路分析】先对绝对值方、零次幂、二次根式、特殊角三角函数分别进行计算,然后根据实数的运算法则求得计算结果,【解题过程】解:原式21212=+-+=.【知识点】实数的运算;特殊角的三角函数值;零指数幂;算术平方根18. (2019江苏盐城,18,6分)解不等式组:12,123.2x x x +>⎧⎪⎨+⎪⎩…【思路分析】分别求出各不等式的解集,再求出其公共解集即可. 【解题过程】解:121232x x x +>⎧⎪⎨+⎪⎩①②… 解不等式①,得1x >, 解不等式②,得2x -…,∴不等式组的解集是1x >.【知识点】解一元一次不等式组19.(2019江苏盐城,19,8分)如图,一次函数1y x =+的图象交y 轴于点A ,与反比例函数(0)ky x x=>的图象交于点(,2)B m .(1)求反比例函数的表达式; (2)求AOB ∆的面积.【思路分析】(1)根据一次函数1y x =+的图象交y 轴于点A ,与反比例函数(0)ky x x=>的图象交于点(,2)B m ,可以求得点B 的坐标,进而求得反比例函数的解析式;(2)根据题目中一次函数的解析式可以求得点A 的坐标,再根据(1)中求得的点B 的坐标,即可求得AOB ∆的面积.【解题过程】解:(1)Q 点(,2)B m 在直线1y x =+上, 21m ∴=+,得1m =,∴点B 的坐标为(1,2),Q 点(1,2)B 在反比例函数(0)ky x x=>的图象上, 21k∴=,得2k =, 即反比例函数的表达式是2y x=;(2)将0x =代入1y x =+,得1y =, 则点A 的坐标为(0,1), Q 点B 的坐标为(1,2),AOB ∴∆的面积是;11122⨯=. 【知识点】反比例函数与一次函数的交点20. (2019江苏盐城,20,8分)在一个不透明的布袋中,有2个红球,1个白球,这些球除颜色外都相同. (1)搅匀后从中任意摸出1个球,摸到红球的概率是 .(2)搅匀后先从中任意摸出1个球(不放回),再从余下的球中任意摸出1个球.求两次都摸到红球的概率.(用树状图或表格列出所有等可能出现的结果) 【思路分析】(1)直接利用概率公式求解;(2)画树状图展示所有6种等可能的结果数,找出两次都摸到红球的结果数,然后根据概率公式求解. 【解题过程】解:(1)搅匀后从中任意摸出1个球,摸到红球的概率23=;、 故答案为23; (2)画树状图为:共有6种等可能的结果数,其中两次都摸到红球的结果数为2, 所以两次都摸到红球的概率2163==. 【知识点】概率公式21. (2019江苏盐城,21,10分)如图,AD 是ABC ∆的角平分线.(1)作线段AD 的垂直平分线EF ,分别交AB 、AC 于点E 、F ;(用直尺和圆规作图,标明字母,保留作图痕迹,不写作法.)(2)连接DE 、DF ,四边形AEDF 是 形.(直接写出答案)【思路分析】(1)利用尺规作线段AD 的垂直平分线即可. (2)根据四边相等的四边形是菱形即可证明. 【解题过程】解:(1)如图,直线EF 即为所求.(2)AD Q 平分ABC ∠, BAD CAD ∴∠=∠, BAD CAD ∴∠=∠,90AOE AOF ∠=∠=︒Q ,AO AO =,()AOE AOF ASA ∴∆≅∆,AE AF ∴=,EF Q 垂直平分线段AD ,EA ED ∴=,FA FD =, EA ED DF AF ∴===,∴四边形AEDF 是菱形.故答案为菱.【知识点】线段垂直平分线的性质;作图题22. (2019江苏盐城,22,10分)体育器材室有A 、B 两种型号的实心球,1只A 型球与1只B 型球的质量共7千克,3只A 型球与1只B 型球的质量共13千克. (1)每只A 型球、B 型球的质量分别是多少千克?(2)现有A 型球、B 型球的质量共17千克,则A 型球、B 型球各有多少只?【思路分析】(1)直接利用1只A 型球与1只B 型球的质量共7千克,3只A 型球与1只B 型球的质量共13千克得出方程求出答案;(2)利用分类讨论得出方程的解即可.【解题过程】解:(1)设每只A 型球、B 型球的质量分别是x 千克、y 千克, 根据题意,得7313x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩,解得34x y =⎧⎨=⎩,答:每只A 型球的质量是3千克、B 型球的质量是4千克; (2)Q 现有A 型球、B 型球的质量共17千克,∴设A 型球1个,设B 型球a 个,则3417a +=,解得:72a =(不合题意舍去), 设A 型球2个,设B 型球b 个,则6417b +=,解得:114b =(不合题意舍去), 设A 型球3个,设B 型球c 个,则9417c +=, 解得:2c =,设A 型球4个,设B 型球d 个,则12417d +=, 解得:54d =(不合题意舍去), 设A 型球5个,设B 型球e 个,则15417e +=, 解得:12a =(不合题意舍去), 综上,A 型球、B 型球各有3只、2只.【知识点】二元一次方程组的应用23. (2019江苏盐城,23,10分)某公司共有400名销售人员,为了解该公司销售人员某季度商品销售情况,随机抽取部分销售人员该季度的销售数量,并把所得数据整理后绘制成如下统计图表进行分析.频数分布表组别销售数量(件)频数 频率 A 2040x <… 3 0.06 B4060x <… 7 0.14C6080x < (13)aD 80100x <… m0.46 E100120x <…4 0.08 合计b1请根据以上信息,解决下列问题: (1)频数分布表中,a = 、b = ; (2)补全频数分布直方图;(3)如果该季度销量不低于80件的销售人员将被评为“优秀员工”,试估计该季度被评为“优秀员工”的人数.【思路分析】(1)由频数除以相应的频率求出b的值,进而确定出a的值即可;(2)补全频数分布直方图即可;(3)求出不低于80件销售人员占的百分比,乘以400即可得到结果.【解题过程】解:(1)根据题意得:30.0650b=÷=,130.2650a==;故答案为:0.26;50;(2)根据题意得:500.4623m=⨯=,补全频数分布图,如图所示:(3)根据题意得:400(0.460.08)216⨯+=,则该季度被评为“优秀员工”的人数为216人.【知识点】频数(率)分布直方图;用样本估计总体24.(2019江苏盐城,24,10分)如图,在Rt ABC∆中,90ACB∠=︒,CD是斜边AB上的中线,以CD为直径的Oe分别交AC、BC于点M、N,过点N作NE AB⊥,垂足为E.(1)若Oe的半径为52,6AC=,求BN的长;(2)求证:NE与Oe相切.【思路分析】(1)由直角三角形的性质可求10AB=,由勾股定理可求8BC=,由等腰三角形的性质可得4BN=;(2)欲证明NE为Oe的切线,只要证明ON NE⊥.【解题过程】解:(1)连接DN,ONO Q e 的半径为52, 5CD ∴=90ACB ∠=︒Q ,CD 是斜边AB 上的中线, 5BD CD AD ∴===, 10AB ∴=,228BC AB AC ∴=-= CD Q 为直径90CND ∴∠=︒,且BD CD = 4BN NC ∴==(2)90ACB ∠=︒Q ,D 为斜边的中点, 12CD DA DB AB ∴===, BCD B ∴∠=∠, OC ON =Q , BCD ONC ∴∠=∠, ONC B ∴∠=∠, //ON AB ∴, NE AB ⊥Q , ON NE ∴⊥, NE ∴为O e 的切线.【知识点】切线的判定;直角三角形斜边上的中线25. (2019江苏盐城,25,10分)如图①是一张矩形纸片,按以下步骤进行操作: (Ⅰ)将矩形纸片沿DF 折叠,使点A 落在CD 边上点E 处,如图②;(Ⅱ)在第一次折叠的基础上,过点C 再次折叠,使得点B 落在边CD 上点B '处,如图③,两次折痕交于点O ; (Ⅲ)展开纸片,分别连接OB 、OE 、OC 、FD ,如图④. 【探究】(1)证明:OBC OED ∆≅∆;(2)若8AB =,设BC 为x ,2OB 为y ,求y 关于x 的关系式.【思路分析】(1)利用折叠性质,由边角边证明OBC OED ∆≅∆;(2)过点O 作OH CD ⊥于点H .由(1)OBC OED ∆≅∆,OE OB =,BC x =,则AD DE x ==,则8CE x =-,142OH CD ==,则4(8)4EH CH CE x x =-=--=-在Rt OHE ∆中,由勾股定理得222OE OH EH =+,即2224(4)OB x =+-,所以y 关于x 的关系式:2832y x x =-+.【解题过程】解:证明:(1)由折叠可知,AD ED =,45BCO DCO ADO CDO ∠=∠=∠=∠=︒ BC DE ∴=,90COD ∠=︒,OC OD =,在OBC OED ∆≅∆中, OC OD OCB ODE BC DE =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩, ()OBC OED SAS ∴∆≅∆;(2)过点O 作OH CD ⊥于点H .由(1)OBC OED ∆≅∆, OE OB =,BC x =Q ,则AD DE x ==, 8CE x ∴=-,OC OD =Q ,90COD ∠=︒11184222CH CD AB ∴===⨯=,142OH CD ==,4(8)4EH CH CE x x ∴=-=--=-在Rt OHE ∆中,由勾股定理得 222OE OH EH =+,即2224(4)OB x =+-,y ∴关于x 的关系式:2832y x x =-+.【知识点】矩形;轴对称的性质;全等三角形的判定;勾股定理26.(2019江苏盐城,26,12分)【生活观察】甲、乙两人买菜,甲习惯买一定质量的菜,乙习惯买一定金额的菜,两人每次买菜的单价相同,例如: 第一次菜价3元/千克 质量金额 甲 1千克 3元 乙1千克3元第二次:菜价2元/千克 质量金额 甲 1千克 元 乙千克3元(1)完成上表;(2)计算甲两次买菜的均价和乙两次买菜的均价.(均价=总金额÷总质量)【数学思考】设甲每次买质量为m 千克的菜,乙每次买金额为n 元的菜,两次的单价分别是a 元/千克、b 元/千克,用含有m 、n 、a 、b 的式子,分别表示出甲、乙两次买菜的均价x 甲、x 乙,比较x 甲、x 乙的大小,并说明理由.【知识迁移】某船在相距为s 的甲、乙两码头间往返航行一次.在没有水流时,船的速度为v ,所需时间为1t ;如果水流速度为p 时()p v <,船顺水航行速度为()v p +,逆水航行速度为()v p -,所需时间为2t .请借鉴上面的研究经验,比较1t 、2t 的大小,并说明理由. 【思路分析】(1)利用均价=总金额÷总质量可求;(2)利用均价=总金额÷总质量可求甲两次买菜的均价和乙两次买菜的均价;【数学思考】分别表示出x 甲、x 乙,然后求差,把分子配方,利用偶次方的非负性可得答案; 【知识迁移】分别表示出x 甲、x 乙,然后求差,判断分式的值总小于等于0,从而得结论. 【解题过程】解:(1)212⨯=(元),32 1.5÷=(元/千克),故答案为2;1.5. (2)甲两次买菜的均价为:(32)2 2.5+÷=(元/千克); 乙两次买菜的均价为:(33)(1 1.5) 2.4+÷+=(元/千克)∴甲两次买菜的均价为2.5(元/千克),乙两次买菜的均价为2.4(元/千克).【数学思考】22ma mb a bx m ++==甲,22n ab x n n a b a b==++乙 ∴()22()022a b ab a b x x a b a b +--==-=++乙甲… ∴x x 乙甲…【知识迁移】12st v=,2222s s sv t v p v p v p =+=+-- 2122222222()s sv sp t t v v p v v p -∴-==-=-- p v <Q120t t ∴-…(当且仅当0p =时取等号) 12t t ∴….【知识点】二元一次方程组的应用;分式加减运算;完全平方公式27. (2019江苏盐城,27,14分)如图所示,二次函数2(1)2y k x =-+的图象与一次函数2y kx k =-+的图象交于A 、B 两点,点B 在点A 的右侧,直线AB 分别与x 、y 轴交于C 、D 两点,其中0k <. (1)求A 、B 两点的横坐标;(2)若OAB ∆是以OA 为腰的等腰三角形,求k 的值;(3)二次函数图象的对称轴与x 轴交于点E ,是否存在实数k ,使得2ODC BEC ∠=∠,若存在,求出k 的值;若不存在,说明理由.【思路分析】(1)将二次函数与一次函数联立得:2(1)22k x kx k -+=-+,即可求解; (2)分OA AB =、OA OB =两种情况,求解即可; (3)求出221m k k k =--+,在AHM ∆中,2tan 1tan 2HM m BKk k BEC k AH k EKα===++=∠==+-,即可求解. 【解题过程】解:(1)将二次函数与一次函数联立得:2(1)22k x kx k -+=-+, 解得1x =或2,故点A 、B 的坐标分别为(1,2)、(2,2)k +; (2)2215OA =+=, ①当OA AB =时,即:215k +=,解得2k =±(舍去2); ②当OA OB =时,24(2)5k ++=,解得1k =-或3-; 故k 的值为1-或2-或3-; (3)存在,理由:过点B 作BH AE ⊥于点H ,将AHB ∆的图形放大见右侧图形,过点A 作HAB ∠的角平分线交BH 于点M ,过点M 作MN AB ⊥于点N ,过点B 作BK x ⊥轴于点K ,图中:点(1,2)A 、点(2,2)B k +,则AH k =-,1HB =, 设:HM m MN ==,则1BM m =-,则AN AH k ==-,21AB k =+,NB AB AN =-, 由勾股定理得:222MB NB MN =+, 即:2222(1)(1)m m k k -=+++, 解得221m k k k =--+, 在AHM ∆中,2tan 1tan 2HM m BKk k BEC k AH k EKα===++=∠==+-,解得3k=±(舍去正值),故3k=-.【知识点】二次函数;一次函数;解直角三角形。