专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-9词汇及课后答案

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研究生英语核心教材—综合教程(下册)课后练习答案unit6,8,9

研究生英语核心教材—综合教程(下册)课后练习答案unit6,8,9

Unit 6 Same Sex Marriage in the United StatesVocabularyI. Word Distinctions1. allege; charge两个词均有‘指控’的意思:allege: 在没有证据或得到证据之前指控(To assert without or before proof): 课文中Baehr and her attorney sought their objectives ... by alleging exclusively violations of state law,所以州政府以failure to state a claim(未能提出充足的证据) 申请州法院将其起诉驳回。

charge: 掌握证据后正式起诉(make a formal accusation)。

选择以上适当的词填空:1)The former mayor will appear before the local court today ____ with taking bribes.2)His classmates ____ that he was cheating in the exam, but they failed to produce any solid proof.3)She’s been arrested after being____ with murdering her husband.4)The ____ murderer was proved innocent.charges alleged charged alleged2. affirms; confirm两个词均指‘确认’affirm: to state something as true;confirm: to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often by telephone or writing选择以上适当的词填空:1)Six people have ____ that they will be attending and ten haven’t replied yet.2)The suspect ____ that he had been at home all evening.3)I’ve accepted the job over the phone, but I haven’t____ in writing yet.4)She ____ her intention to apply for the post.5)Flights should be ____ 48 hours before departure.confirmed affirmed confirmed affirmed confirmedII. Decide the meanings of the following words by matching each word in Column A with the word or expression in Column B that is similar in meaning.TranslationI.Put the following Chinese expressions into English.1) 有争议的问题provocative issues2) 社会和宗教传统societal and religious conventions3) 异族通婚interracial marriage4) 法律援助legal aid5) 家庭伴侣关系法domestic partnership laws6) 异性婚姻heterosexual marriage7) 违反法律violations of laws8) 单方婚姻无效singular marriage voidII.Put the following Chinesse sentences into English with the words or phrases in the brackets.1) 所有的战士都知道他们的秘密任务需要冒一定的风险。

研究生英语读写译教程 第9-economic原文翻译及课后答案

研究生英语读写译教程  第9-economic原文翻译及课后答案

全球经济一体化与中国斯蒂芬·罗世林[1] 中国,拥有世界上人口最多的国家,在2001年11月10日加入世界贸易组织,结束了长达15年的谈判,这为中国在世界民族之林获得了一个新的地位与席位,为几个世纪以来的梦想注入了新的活力。

[2] 自1971年恢复了中国在联合国安理会的合法席位以来,中国加入世界贸易组织是中国最具有意义的外交成就之一,这不久之后,理查德尼克松总统开启了著名的北京之行。

[3] 中国加入世界贸易组织,意味着可以享有反对对商品的惩罚性关卡的保护权。

美国国会基于对人权的考虑,将会恢复与中国的“正常贸易关系”,而停止每年一度的复审程序。

[4] 即便设置障碍,中国对于美国来说也是最重要的贸易合作伙伴。

美中贸易在2000年价值达1,160.2亿美元。

中国出口商品远比进口多。

去年用船运送到美国市场的商品和服务达1,000亿美元,成为美国的第四个出口商。

作为回报,美国给中国送来了价值160.3亿美元的商品与服务,只是美国的第十四个最大出口市场。

[5] 在海外中国人民已经是极好的贸易者和有创新能力的商人。

以新加坡为例,在美国拥有很多高科技公司,或是西方城市中的中国城。

加入世贸组织以后,中国将会变得更富有,世界也是这样。

[6] 中国正式加入世贸组织,除了可以获得大量的商机之外,当面对外国公司的激烈竞争之时,中国商人会面对一些不利的担忧,这是人之常情。

比如中国庞大且手续较复杂的农业部门,怎么与十分老练的美国大农场经营竞争?还有银行部门与电信市场?全球一体化公司似乎利用中国广泛的对外开放,而把中国置于危险境地。

[7] 加入世贸组织和诸多其它因素使得中国成为一个新的,有决策性的全球扮演者。

中国需要重新审视自己文化中丰富的伦理道德传统。

对中国商业环境的批评来自外国投资者对征税的意见,甚至是本国商人和朱镕基总理。

中国似乎为找到一个道德中心而不懈奋斗,制定了一系列商业道德用来管理和手把手指导国家的相关法律,这样做关系到国家经济发展的生死存亡。

研究生英语课程课后答案(专硕)

研究生英语课程课后答案(专硕)

Unit 1Text AII. Language points1.How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done. <Para. 1> If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning.2.Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. <Para. 2> You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.3.And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. <Para. 5>… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.4.To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. <Para. 6> … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.5.Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. <Para. 9> Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed— and try to generalize the features these situations have in common.6.Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up? <Para. 13> Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future?7.Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking.<Para. 13> Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.8.Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/occupations that interest you. <Para. 13> You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.9.Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to a new career path. <Para. 18> Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing.10.If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job descriptions.<Para.18> If you’re not sure about the qualifications required in the new career, you should search job pos tings and jobadvertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviewsin which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position..11.Develop a timeline and action plans for achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals and priories. <Para. 20>Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.12.Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have or plan for today may notbe in demand years from now. <Para. 21> Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.13.Long-range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skills that employers will alwaysvalue while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes.<Para. 21> When planning career for the long.run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential skills in general that will always be valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes.14.Here’s a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of your attitudes and interestsas they relate to possible career choices. <Para. 25> The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose.15.Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change.<Para. 26> In thesection of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for those established job-hunters who consider changing careers.16.Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on a regular basis. <Para. 31> Itis great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly.17.The concept of transferable skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers should master, though theconcept is especially important for career changers and college students.<Para. 33> All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school to workplace or from your current job to the next jobIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension<1>According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges built from one’s currentjob/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.<2>The main idea of the passage:The passageoffers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.<3>Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuses on a timeframeranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing realistic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.<4>In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-term career planning, you should free yourself form all career barriers,such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you shouldn’t put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans.<5>Before you develop a picture of yourself and your career, you should analyze your current/future lifestyle,likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.2. VocabularySection A<1> on the move <2> In terms of <3> quintessential <4> perspective<5> priority<6> cloud <7> brainstormed <8> extravert, introvert<9> Reverting <10> timeframeSection B<1> A<2> B<3> C<4> C<5> A<6> D<7> D<8> A<9> C<10> A3. Cloze<1> right<2> not<3> wrong<4> First of all<5> knowledge<6> Only<7> no matter what<8> outperform<9> successful<10> higher<11> who<12> still<13> rather than<14> figure out<15> worst<16> Then<17> However<18> rehearse<19> more<20>instead of4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1> Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, "failure is the mother ofsuccess.〞And we are all wedded to the belief that this failure will be the beginning of future success.<2>The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a taste of the exotic.<3>Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody. So parents must pay1 / 432special attention to their children’s growth in this period.<4>Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it.<5>You’d better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate a feasible action plan thatcan be fulfilled in one year.<6>In this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluent speaker of English, butit’s a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.<7>Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far as he could.<8>Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the apes branched intotwo distant species.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so changing it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time.When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to your list to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作,仔细思量你的事业,为未来制定计划.无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作,职业规划能够帮助你.职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁,没有这座桥,你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向;但有了这座桥,就有了安全的保证和明确的方向.2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕一位权威科学家警告说,机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规X的监督和控制,以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用,比如看小孩、照顾老人以与作战等情境.〔2〕谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说,机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能会导致〔被服务者〕与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津.〔3〕第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类;第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令,但不得违反第一条定律;第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己,但不得违反前两条定律.〔4〕但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现,不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征,比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以与面部识别等能力.〔5〕目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上.如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等,我都不会有这些担忧了. Text BCareer Path: Acting Your AgeKey to the exercisesGuess the meaning of the word<s><1> troublesome<2> strenuous<3> handicap <4> similar in meaning<5> applies <6> commendable <7> saturated <8> intimidating<9> attracting <10> What’s moreTrue or false(1)T<2>F<3>T<4>F<5>F<6>T<7>T<8>F.Unit 2Text AII. Language points1.Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. <P ara.1>According to Dyson’s calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would cost the average family wages of about 1,500 years.set back: cost <a person> specific amounte.g. My new car set me back $3000.2.The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap.<Para.1>The cost difference not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflower’s voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also prove d that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money.3.Nothing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. <P ara.2> In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASA’s has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial settlers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar sporting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didn’t come close.4.The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that has spent much of the past year deliberating on NASA’s human spaceflight program… <Para.2>deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究,审议e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.5....even though ending this program would send NASA’s international partners into apoplexy. <P ara.2>…even though ending the ISS program would make NASA’s international partners feel very angry.The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean "bleeding〞. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.6.More embarrassing, with NASA’s space shuttle due to be mothballed in 2010, and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until 2012, the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russia’s Soyuz ships to commute to the space station.<Para.2> To NASA’s embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in 2010 and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule cannot fly until 2012, so there will be a two year gap between 2010 and 2012, in which NASA’s international partners have to depend on Russia’s ship to come and go to the space station.mothball: to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or a plan 封存;搁置不用If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily.7.The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree that’s unprecedented in its history.<Para.3> The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened before.shortfall:n. 缺口;差额;亏空If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.8.The move could create opportunities for the modern equivalents of Young and Bradford—entrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of space affordable by not only designing and building ships for3 / 434NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets. <Para.3>The move—NASA’s opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors— could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASA’s targets. 9.In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy process that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms.<Para.3>In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.10."We’re talking about a movement from where the government has been the prime contractor, managing situationswith a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,〞says Larry Williams. <Para.3> We are talking about the movement —NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys services wholesale from private firms.11.The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. <Para.5> The next step is toenable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered.aloft:adj./adv.high in the air 在空中高处Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground.12.To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isn’t entirely without precedent.<Para.5> In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give uptheir responsibility of regulating crew safety. This has happened before.relinquish:vt.to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillinglyIf you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责;照管13.Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-carrying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in less than three years, once itgets the green light. <Para.6> Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.14.If Virgin and other commercial firms can deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible than it’s ever been before.Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. <Para.8> If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit, then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before. It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price,but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism.15.The big sticking point, however, will be safety. Even though NASA holds the safety of its crew paramount, it stillhasn’t been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in 2003. <Para.8> The key point is still the consideration of safety of its crew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as the most important thing, it still hasn’t been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia andits 7 crew members in 2003.16.…the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASA needs a biggerrocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-duration trip, beyond the tether of Earth’s gravity. <Para.9>… the space shuttle is unreliable partly because its space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carryingcargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earth’s gravity.overly: too/ extremely17.It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there were some payoff down theroad. <Para.9> Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits..payoff:n. return; reward; payment18.Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seem much less so, thanksto the climate crisis. <Para.9> The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.19.…the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profit is big enough to give any entrepreneurpause. <Para.10> … the challenge for private services to send people safely into deep space and back for making profits is so big that any entrepreneur would hesitate before they take their steps.give sb./sth. pause:使踌躇,使犹豫This finding should give pause to it. 这个发现令人深思.His recent behavior has given her pause about their relationship.他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫.20.The Industrial Revolution didn’t take off until the railways arrived. <Para.11>Here it means that the private sector will play an important role and do lots of work in deep space only if NASA gets it started.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension<1> In early times there was an essay comparing space travel to the colonization, but nothing can keep Dyson from makingameticulous effort to quantify and compare the costs of these vastly different ventures.<2>By presenting the relationship between FedEx and the U.S. Postal service, the writer wants to showthat NASA actually canpay private firms, like Space X to design and develop space program.<3>NASA opened up its space exploration program to commercial operators because NASA lacksfunding to keep its humanspaceflight program moving on and operating. So, it is the shortfall that forces NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators.<4>There are two steps that NASA is going to take after it begins working with smaller companies.The first is to get cargodelivered to space; the next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft.<5>Give your own comments.2. VocabularySection A<1> fanciful<2> eminent<3>meticulous<4>aloft<5>mogul<6> shortfall<7> quantify<8> relinquished<9> entrust<10> wholesaleSection B<1> C<2> B<3> C<4> D<5> B<6> C<7> B<8> D<9> C<10> B3. Cloze<1> predicted<2> pass<3> doubt<4> catch<5> running<6> high-lever<7> lag<8> convinced<9>assured<10> reasonably<11>dismissed<12> acute<13> called<14> offer<15> creation<16> feats<17> failed<18>lack<19> blame<20> boss4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1>By some estimates, 10 million Americans will be telecommuting in 5 years so that three quarters of a billion gallons ofpetrol could be saved.<2>Rogge also thanked the security forces that kept the Winter Olympic Games safe at the cost of about $310 million, a billthat increased following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.<3>Government has given our city a modern international airport capable of meeting our requirements far into the next century.<4>What makes parents worry is that some primary students keep indulging themselves in computer games day and night and5 / 436nothing can entice them from computers.<5>It’s an interesting suggestion for space program, but we need a bit longer time to give pause to it since it is so costly.<6>At present, government particularly needs to work on vocational training in various forms, open up new opportunities ofemployment and strive to assist as many laid-off workers as possible in finding new jobs.<7>A recent survey found 55 percent of those polled considered true love paramount in a relationship, while 45 percent stillbelieved in love at first sight.<8>Graduates are under great pressure before leaving college because of job hunting, poverty, emotional problems, schoolachievements and surroundings, etc.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.After the Soviet space program launched the world’s first human-made satellite <Sputnik 1> on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to U.S. security and technological leadership <known as the "Sputnik crisis〞>, urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. Several months of debate produced an agreement that a new federal agency was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency <ARPA> was also created at this time.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.首要任务是把货物送到太空. 美国航空航天局猎户星座航空舱仅是针对航天员设计的,所以把种子基金付给私人太空机构去实现把物品送到太空站.去年美国航空航天局就签订了两个合同, 一个是以16亿美元的价格委托美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX>为美国航空航天局12次发射运载火箭. 另一个是以19亿美元的价格委托美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕为其完成八次太空飞行任务.为了履行这一合同,美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX> 现正在组建猎鹰9号火箭助推器,以便运送无人驾驶的太空舱与太空站对接.太空员卸下货物后让其返回地球.美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕组建的类似的金牛座II火箭预计将在20##投入使用.威廉说:"从美国航空航天局的角度来看,他们最终关心的不是你怎么收到了,而是想办法把送到.〞2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕太空项目的提案者早就有过这样的警告,逐渐增加的太空垃圾带最终会导致碰撞,就正如星期二所发生的,在西伯利亚上空500英里处,美国的一颗卫星与现已失效的俄罗斯卫星发生严重的撞击.〔2〕人类有惊人的乱丢垃圾的能力,但普遍存在的共识是:浩瀚的太空不会因为人类的行为而受到巨大的伤害.〔3〕我们的卫星在太空飞行的最高处离地球22000英里,当你知道这是地球到月球距离的1/10时,这一距离就听起来就不是很远的了.〔4〕每次即便是我们把一个小小的卫星送入它运行的轨道,伴随这一运载过程的也不仅仅是卫星.〔5〕一些政府机构的联盟,包括美国航空航天局、北美防空联合司令部,甚至美通讯委员会跟踪记录了星球上空的漂浮的所有垃圾,目前这些不断增加的垃圾让人无比地恐慌.Text BThe New Space Race<1> left / flied away from<2> hesitated<3> prevented or impaired<4> brought back to use/ revived <5> unfriendly/ hostile<6> made free from bacteria<7> space / vacancy <8>vulnerable / weak<9> a kind of metal element <10> filled with/ full ofTrue or false<1> T<2> F<3> F<4> T<5> F<6> T<7> T<8> FUnit 3Text A.II. Language points1. The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.<Para. 1>The utilitarian principle is that happiness is worth obtaining and is the only thing worth obtaining as a purpose; all other things being so only as a way to obtain happiness.2.What ought to be required of this doctrine, what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill, to make good its claim to be believed?<Para. 1>What requirements should this principle meet, what are the necessary conditions this principle should accomplish to make its claim good for people to believe?requisite a. required by circumstances or necessary for successe.g. Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada?have/lack the requisite capital to start a business3.In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.<Para. 2>Likewise, I think the only evidence we can possibly offer to prove anything to be desirable is that people do actually desire it.apprehend v. grasp the meaning of <sb./sth.>; understande.g. Do I apprehend you aright, i.e. Do you mean what I think you mean?sole a. one and only; singlee.g. the sole cause of the accidentthe sole survivor of the crash4.If the end which the utilitarian doctrine proposes to itself were not, in theory and in practice, acknowledged to be an end, nothing could ever convince any person that it was so.<Para. 1>If the purpose which the utilitarian doctrine itself intends to fulfillwere not accepted to be a purpose both in theory and in practice, then nothing could ever make anyone believe that it was so.5. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness.<Para. 2>We can give no reason why the general happiness is desirable except that each person desires his own happiness as long as he believes that it can be achieved.attainable a. that can be attainede.g. These objectives are certainly attainable.6.This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good, that each person’s happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons.<Para. 2>However, it is a fact that the general happiness is desirable, and we have not only all the evidence that the case agrees with, but all the evidence that it is likely to need,to prove that happiness is a benefit, that each person’s happiness is a benefit to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a benefit to all persons as a whole.aggregate n. total amount; mass or amount brought togethere.g. the complete aggregate of unemployment figures7.Now it is palpable that they do desire things which, in common language, are decidedly distinguished from happiness. <Para. 3>Now it is obvious that people do desire things which, in everyday words, are definitely different from happiness. palpable a. clear to the mind; obviouse.g. a palpable lie, errordistinguish v. recognize the difference between <people or things>e.g. People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.8.They desire, for example, virtue, and the absence of vice, no less really than pleasure and the absence of pain.<Para.3>For example, they want to have virtue and avoid vice as much as they want to have pleasure and avoid pain.vice:n. evil or unprincipled conduct; wickednesse.g. Greed is a terrible vice.9.The desire of virtue is not as universal, but it is as authentic a fact, as the desire of happiness. <Para. 3>Although the7 / 43。

研究生英语课程unit9

研究生英语课程unit9

Unit 9Text AII. Language points1. …many dressed in the brilliant matrimonial hues of their cultures.(Para. 1) …many wearing the wedding dresses whose colors are characteristic of their cultures.2. Once a practice as provincial as it was personal, the art of pairing up people for marriage has become an increasingly international and technology-driven business. (Para. 2) In the past, the art of matchmaking was a local and personal practice; now, it has become a business that goes to the world and is pushed by technology.3. As young people all over the world move far from home for school and work, even those from traditionbound cultures can no longer rely solely on the resources of crafty aunties to find them suitable mates. (Para. 2) Since young people throughout the world live far away from home for study and work, even those from cultures closely related to traditions can no longer depend only on their resourceful and clever relatives to help find a suitable husband or wife.crafty:a. clever; cunninge.g. a crafty politicianHe‟s a crafty old fox.4. With growth slowing in the U.S., Web matchmaking giants are eyeing fertile potential markets such as China and India. (Para. 2) With growth of the U.S. market slowing down, big online matchmaking companies are aiming at potential markets such as China and India where there are many opportunities for development.5. But an international match presents hurdles in business as in love: differing societal attitudes, wily competition and cultural quirks to bewilder the most sophisticated suitor. (Para. 2) But global matchmaking is difficult in terms of business as well as love due to the following facts: different societies have different attitudes towards love and matchmaking; competition in matchmaking and love involves a lot of tricks; specific conventions of a particular culture may confuse the most experienced suitor.hurdle n. (fig) difficulty to be overcome; obstaclee.g. I‟ve passed the written test; the interview is the next hurdle.wily:a. crafty or cunning; full of wilese.g. as wily as a foxUnit 9 79bewilder:v. puzzle (sb); confusee.g. The child was bewildered by the noise and the crowds.I am totally bewildered by the clues to this crossword puzzle.sophisticated:a. having or showing much worldly experience and knowledge of fashionable lifee.g. a sophisticated womanwearing sophisticated clothes6. As far back as the Paleolithic era, arranged marriages served to forge networks between family groups, writes Stephanie Coontz in Marriage, a History.(Para. 3) In Marriage, a History, Stephanie Coontz points out that as early as the Paleolithic era, arranged marriages began to help create close ties between family groups.forge:v. (fig) create (usu a lasting relationship) by means of much hard worke.g. forge a bond, a link, an alliance, etca friendship forged by adversity7. Suspicion and disdain eased into acceptance as more Americans found a partner--or at least a date and not a nut —on the sites. (Para. 4) Americans‟ attitude towards online matchmaking changed from doubt and contempt into acceptance because more of them found a mate — or at least a person to have a romantic relationship with rather than a crazy person—on the Internet dating sites.disdain:n. feeling that sb./sth. is not good enough to des erve one‟s respect; contempte.g. a look/tone/expression of disdaintreating other people‟s ideas with disdain8. If a country with little tradition of matchmaking can embrace a version of it online, then it follows that cultures long used to a third party’s hand in love affairs would do the same. (Para. 5)If online matchmaking can be popular in a country like the U.S. with little tradition of matchmaking, then we can logically conclude that cultures with long tradition of arranged marriage by a third party would accept it as well.9. But it has learned along the way that its model does not always translate. (Para. 6) But Match has learned during the course of expansion that its way of matchmaking does not always work well in other cultures.10. On Match, users post personal profiles and photos, attracting and perusing potentialmates in what resembles a colossal bar scene. (Para. 6) On , users post their personal profiles and photos on the Internet, attracting other users and examining carefully the personal profiles and photos of the users they are attracted to in a scene which is like a huge bar.peruse:v. read carefully or thoroughlye.g. peruse a document11. To differentiate itself from local competitors when it launched there in 2003, Match80toned down its window-shopping aspect and played up the promise of long-term love.(Para. 6) In order to distinguish itself from local competitors when it started operations there in 2003, Match made its window-shopping aspect less important and emphasized the promise of long-term love.tone down(cause sth. to) become less intensee.g. She is trying to tone down the colors of the picture.play sth. up try to make sth. appear more important than it ise.g. Some reporters like to play up sensational social news.12. That bodes well for the international hopes of eHarmony, the leader amongcompatibility-focused sites in the U.S. (Para. 7) The social changes and especially the newly pervasive insistence on love as an essential ingredient of marriage are a good sign for eHarmony‟s success around the world because the company is the leading matchmaking site in the U.S. that has been focusing on compatibility research.bode well/ill (for sb./sth.) be a good/bad sign (for sb./sth.)e.g. His idle habits bode ill for his future.These figures do not bode well for the company‟s future.13. That’s not to mention marriages at a rate of 90 a day, unions that so far haveproduced 100 000 children (a disproportionate number of them named Harmony).(Para. 7) In addition, eHarmony helps make 90 marriages every day which up to now have produced 100 000 children (an unusually large number of them named Harmony after the company).disproportionate:a. relatively too large or small, etc; out of proportione.g. We spend a disproportionate amount of our income on rent.14. In China, that means commissioning researchers at Beijing University to find outwhether its model —in which 29 “dimensions” such as humor and spirituality are mined for compatibility —applies to the culture.(Para. 8) In China, eHarmony has appointed researchers at Beijing University to find out whether its model — in which 29 “dimensions” such as humor and spirituality are extracted for the compatibility test — is appropriate for Chinese culture.15. China should be a natural haven for online matchmaking.(Para. 10) China shouldnaturally be an ideal market for online matchmaking.haven:n. place of safety or rest; refugee.g. Terrorists will not find a safe haven here.16. The imbalance of genders brought on by the single-child rule (many parents opted tokeep only a male baby) has also led to a desperate demand for matchmakers among rural men, opening the door to unscrupulous brokers who con women into unions.(Para. 10) The fact that men outnumber women due to the one-child policy (many parents chose to keep only a male baby) has also led to an urgent need for matchmakers amongUnit 9 81marriage-aged single men in the countryside, which gives unethical brokers opportunities to make profit by deceiving women into marriage.unscrupulous: a. without moral principlese.g. unscrupulous methods, behaviorHe was utterly unscrupulous in his dealings with rival firms.con:v. (infml) swindle or persuade sb. after gaining his truste.g. I was conned into buying a useless car.She conned me out of $100.17. Western online matchmakers, however, do face challenges in gaining a foothold in theChinese matchmaking market. (Para. 11) Western online matchmakers, however, do find it difficult to gain a secure position in the Chinese matchmaking market, from which they can make further progress.18. Chinese sites rely instead on online advertising and ticket sales from events such asspeed-dating mixers that charge about $13 for admission (parents who tag along have to pay too). (Para. 11) Instead of subscription fees, Chinese Web dating sites mainly rely on online advertising and ticket sales from events such as speed-dating mixers that require about $13 for admission in which parents who follow their children closely also have to pay.tag along (after/behind/with sb.) follow closelye.g. children tagging along behind their motherIf you‟re going to the cinema, do you mind if I tag along (with you)?19. …his free websites steer users to his 30 off-line matchmaking offices, where they canpay fees totaling up to $6,000. (Para. 11) …after browsing his websites free of charge, users will be guided to his 30 off-line matchmaking offices, where they can pay as much as $6000 for matchmaking.steer:v. direct or control the course ofe.g. steer a boat into the harbor(fig) He managed to steer the discussion away from the subject of money.20. Like China, India has a long history of and cultural comfort with matchmaking;(Para. 12) Like China, India has a long history of matchmaking and matchmaking is generally accepted in its culture.21. Partly because India’s matrimonial sites have already succeeded in wooing the nation,Western companies have hesitated at the door.(Para. 13) Partly because India‟s Web matchmaking sites have already succeeded in obtaining the support of the nation, Western companies have not decided yet whether they should dive into the Indian market.woo:v. try to obtain the support ofe.g. woo the voters22. For instance, sites there make matches on the basis of factors unfamiliar to outsiders,82including caste, language and “character”— a euphemism for chastity. (Para. 13) For example, India‟s matrimonial sites make matches according to factors that people outside India are not familiar with, such as caste, language and "character"—an indirect word for virginity.euphemism:n. (example of the) use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or direct onese.g. …Pass away‟ is a euphemism for …die‟.…Pass water‟ is a euphemism for …urinate‟.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension(1) There are some reasons why the art of pairing up people has become an increasinglyinternational and technology-driven business. On the one hand, since young people all over the world move far from home for school and work, they can no longer only depend on their relatives to find them suitable mates. On the other hand, online marriage and dating sites have multiplied rapidly since they began to appear a decade ago.(2) In the U.S., matchmaking took off as an industry only in this decade, with the arrival ofInternet dating sites. Americans‟attitude towards online matchmaking has gone through some changes. At first Americans distrusted and scorned online matchmaking, but they later accepted it because more Americans found a partner on the dating sites.(3) According to Para. 6, in order to differentiate itself from local competitors, Matchemphasized the importance of long-term love and relied on science to help users find their true love.(4) According to the text, China should be a natural haven for online matchmaking. Firstly, upuntil a century ago, marriage-registration forms required the seal of an “introducer.”Secondly, even today, the off-line matchmaking business remains robust. Lastly, the imbalance of genders has led to a desperate demand for matchmakers among rural men. (5) Western online matchmakers do face some challenges in gaining a foothold in the Chinesematchmaking market. For example, western online matchmakers mainly rely on subscription fees for their revenues, but in China, only a very small number of Internet daters pay subscription fees which are minimal according to the Western standard. If they want to win the Chinese matchmaking market, they have to adjust their subscription-based models to the market.2. VocabularySection A(1) matrimonial (2) privacy (3) multiply (4) flirt (5) browse (6) provincial (7) steer (8) temperament (9) disproportionate (10) havenUnit 9 83Section B(1) B (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) C (6) A (7) D (8) B (9) C (10) A3. Cloze(1) bore (2) gossip (3) share (4) lies (5) informal(6) online (7) visited (8) lead (9) estimated (10) Although(11) mere (12) values (13) but (14) made (15) stuff(16) practically (17) unimaginably (18) originally (19) into (20) on4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) In countries such as the United States and Australia, the sports industry is very lucrative.The money that professional sportsmen make every year is certainly no less than specialist doctors, lawyers or bankers.(2) I strongly reject the idea that people who use “earthy” language are speaking more directlyor with more authenticity than people who employ euphemisms.(3) As time goes by and technological development forges ahead, it will become increasinglyharder to differentiate between mental and manual labour.(4) Increases in physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with improvingphysical fitness. Therefore, moderate physical activity —even an unhurried 30-minute stroll every day — may diminish the risk for heart disease among the elderly.(5) To take full advantage of the convenience offered by the Information Age, I subscribe to anumber of journals concerned with my subject on the Internet.(6) The best-financed, most technologically powerful companies often bring out their mostadvanced products on their home turf a year or two before they ship them around the world.(7) China and America together account for nearly half of the global energy demand, whichurges the leaders of the two countries to talk about how clean technology may help solve the problem of climate change.(8) Some aspiring young people in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai may opt to remainsingle because they are so busy with work that they don‟t have the time to date and get married.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.Facebook users may feel socially successful in cyberspace but they are more likely to perform poorly in exams, according to new research into the academic impact of the social networking website. The majority of students who use Facebook every day are underachieving by as much as an entire grade compared with those who shun the site. About 83% of British 1684to 24-year-olds are thought to use social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and Bebo, to keep in touch with friends and organize their social lives. According to the research, 65% of Facebook users accessed their account daily, usually checking it several times to see if they had received new messages. The amount of time spent on Facebook at each log-in varied from just a few minutes to more than an hour. However,79% of Facebook-using students believed the time they spent on the site had no impact on their work. Facebook said: “There is also acade mic research that shows the benefits of services like Facebook. It‟s in the hands of students, in consultation with their parents, to decide how to spend their time.”B. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.美国的婚恋网站谋求使自己区别于当地竞争对手的一种方法是依靠科学。

研究生英语课件以及课后详细答案第九单元

研究生英语课件以及课后详细答案第九单元
Unit Nine
The Equality of Languages By David Crystal
Questions



1. Do you think languages are equal? What’s the author’s point of view? Do you agree? 2. As we all know the human race has evolved from primitive to civilized states, have languages gone through the same kind of evolution? 3. What do you think of the “natural superiority” of certain languages?
Text
It comes near to stating the obvious that all languages have developed to express the needs of their users, and that in a sense all languages are equal. But this tenet of modern linguistics has often been denied, and still needs to be defended. Part of the problem is that the word ‘equal’ needs to be used very carefully. We do not know how to quantify language, so as to be able to say whether all languages have the same ‘amounts’ of grammar, phonology, or semantic structure. There may indeed be important differences in the structural complexity of language, and this possibility needs to be investigated. But all languages are arguably equal in the sense that there is nothing intrinsically limiting, demeaning, or handicapping about any of them. All languages meet the social and psychological needs of their speakers, are equally deserving of scientific study, and can provide us with valuable information about human nature and society.

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-8词汇及课后答案

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-8词汇及课后答案

Unit 8Literary WorksWord Bankbodega: n. a small Spanish [grocer杂货店老板->grocer’s (shop)] grocery (日杂用品) store, sometimes combined with a wineshop酒店,酒窖; spirit 精神/灵魂/烈性酒brandy: n. an alcoholic liquor distilled (分馏) from wine or fermented (发酵的) fruit juice白兰地; brand new崭新的(coffee<->) cafe (=cafeteria): n. (US) a place to buy drinks, simple meals, and snacks (快餐) in 咖啡馆,小餐馆client: n. a customer or patron顾客->patriot-> patrioticcommit: v. to do or perform sth. illegal做,实行或犯(罪)(confident: adj. ->) confidence: n. trust or faith in sb. or sth.信心,信赖despair (n./ vi. ->desperate: adj.): n. complete loss of hope绝望dew: n. water droplets (小水滴) condensed (凝结) from the air, usually at night露珠; -let: adj. small/ tinydignity (n. ->dignify: vt.): n. poise (n. / vt. 平衡) and self-respect尊严(drink->drank->) drunk: adj. intoxicated with alcoholic liquor喝醉的; drunk driving酒后驾车; drunkard醉鬼(dust->) dusty: adj. covered or filled with dust布满尘埃的employ (->employer<-> employee): v. to make use of使用hombre: n. (slang俚语/ 方言) a man from Spain男人,西班牙系的人insomnia: n. c hronic (慢性的/长期的) inability to fall asleep or remain asleep for an adequate (=enough) length of time失眠(症)insult: v. to treat with rudeness侮辱nasty: adj. dirty and smelly emission (散发): n. the act or an instance of emitting肮脏,邋遢的(omit->) omission省略, 删除rap: (1)n. 说唱文学作品; (2)vt. to hit sharply and swiftly敲击regard: (1) n. careful thought or attention留意,关心; (2)vt. consider认为reluctant(->reluctance): adj. be unwilling (to do sth.); (be) disinclined不愿意的<->be inclined to do sth.想做某事(sauce调味汁->) saucer: n. a small shallow dish having a slight circular (圆形的/ 环形的) depression (凹槽) in the center for holding a cup茶托shutter: n. a hinged cover or screen for a window, usually fitted with louvers (天窗,) 百叶窗spill: v. to cause or allow to run or fall out of a container (容器) 溢出,溅出square广场; ~ meter平方米/ cubic meter立方米自杀; pesticide杀虫剂syntax: n. the pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language句式,句型, 句法terrace: n. a platform extending outdoors (adv.户外) from a floor of a house or an apartment building平台, balcony阳台/ 楼厅unjust: (1) adj. unfair不公平的; (2)adv. What did you say just now?unpolished: adj. lacking in good manners, culture, or refinement粗鲁的;polish (=flatter):vt. 阿谀奉承Phrases and Expressionsclose up: to cause to cease operation or being used打烊in a hurry (vi./ n.): hurriedly匆忙地; Hurry up, or we’ll be late!keep watch: to keep an careful observation盯梢; night watch守夜人; watch TV; see a film; listen to the news over the radio.put up (=lift): to construct or erect (竖立) sth.举起,抬起stay up (late) (=sit up late): not go to bed熬夜(turn on<->) turn off: to stop the operation or flow of sth. by means of a tap (水龙头), switch [(1)n.开关; (2)vi.转换] or button关掉(<->bottom);code switch转码Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. Why did the two waiters of the café keep a close watch on the old man? ( B )A. Because the old man never showed up before.B. Because the old man tended to forget to pay the bill.C. Because the old man once committed suicide in the cafeD. Because the old man was getting drunk.2. In Para. 27, "... speaking with that omission of syntax stupid people employ when talking to drunken people or foreigners." Here the "omission of syntax" implies that ( D )A. the younger waiter had a poor knowledge of grammar and sentence structureB. the younger waiter in a hurry forgot to employ a right sentence structureC. the younger waiter saved some unnecessary sentence structureD. the younger waiter was too hurried and impatient to justify himself3. In what way were the younger waiter and the older waiter of two different kinds? ( D )A. The older waiter was sympathetic toward the old man, while the younger waiter was indifferent.B. The older waiter was seeking a clean and well lighted place, while the younger waiter enjoyed darkness because he was satisfied with the current life.C. The older waiter wanted to escape from nothingness, while the younger waiter hadn't yet lost passion for life.D. All of the above.4. What's the real purpose of the repeated employment of nada in this story? ( A )A. To indicate that life is unending emptiness without companionship of man or God.B. To suggest that life would yield no fruit at all if we don't try hard.C. To imply that we should not believe in any religion.D. To show that the life with nothing at all is not worth living.5. According to the story, what is a clean, well-lighted place? ( B )A. It is a spacious room with clean environment and good lights.B. It is an escape from the darkness and nothingness of the life.C. It is the paradise where people can get the bliss from the Lord.D. It is a bar or café, where people can seek the realization of their own values.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letterof each word has been given to you.It is late at night in a café. Two waiters of the cafe are keeping a close (1) watch on an old man. The old deaf man frequents (vt.平凡光顾) the café regularly and tends to leave without paying his (2) bill when drunk.As they watch, the two waiters gossip (n./ vi.) about the old man's recent (3) suicide attempt. The younger one comments (评论) that the man's (4) despair could not have been over money, since he seemed to have plenty. Then he refuses in vain (徒劳) to provide the old man another drink, so he complains to the older waiter that he is tired and wishes to go home. He also complains that he would already be on his way (5) home (n./ adv.) if the old man had succeeded (in) killing himself.(Note->) Noting that the old man must be nearly 80 years of age, the younger waiter says to live that long is (6) nasty (bad). However, the older waiter points out that the old man maintains hismotions (waves) for another brandy but is firmly (absolutely) turned down (refused), so he pays for his drinks and leaves. Then the two waiters go their separate ways (went home respectively). Rather than returning home, the older waiter goes to a bar to look for a clean and well (8) 1ighted place, where he is taken (=regarded/ considered) as a crazy person by the barman. On the way back home, he decides (thinks) that it will be (9) insomnia that accompanies (~ sb. to somewhere) him all night. For him, life is just full of (10) nothingness (uselessness/ insignificance).VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. He was (silhouette) silhouetted (侧面影象, 轮廓) ___D__ the light of the stair window.A. betweenB. amongC. fromD. against2. They listened to the soft ticking and creaking as the house ___A__.A. settledB. trembledC. shookD. quivered3.[manual labo(u)r->manufacture->) Manufacturers (厂商) will have to __A___ (substance->) substantial funds [(1)n.资金; (2)vt. 资助] to developing (开发) new engines.A. investB. commitC. anticipate (预料)D. cut4. Driven to __A___ due to the (lose) loss (n. 赔钱/ 亏损) in financial crisis, he threw himself under a train.A. despairB. madnessC. disappointmentD. excitement5. There are dark ___C__ beneath your eyes.A. cloudsB. bagsC. shadowsD. reflections (反射)6. Members of the Royal British Legion (军团) ___B__ past the Cenotaph (纪念碑).A. movedB. (vi.) marched (->March三月份)C. motionedD. mashed (vt.捣碎; smash)7. Plastic (n./ adj.) bags burn with a __D___, acrid (酸) smell.A. pleasantB. (noise->) noisy (adj.)C. penetrating (穿刺)D. nasty (=terrible)8. Years of (frustrate->) frustration __A___ over into (violent->) violence.A. spilledB. splashedC. spanked (打...的屁股)D. spread (散播开来)9. He (modesty: n.) modestly (谦虚) ___C__ to mention that he was British pole-vault champion (撑杆跳冠军).A. pretends (假装)B. offers (give)C. omitsD. presents [(1)n.礼物; (2)adj.在场的; (3)vt.再现历史事实]10. Questionnaire (调查问卷) and (ethnics种族/ 论理道德->ethnic: adj.) ethnographic (民族, 人种学的) study are the two basic instruments (仪器仪表手段) they ___C__ to collect data.A. edit 编辑B. exhibit展览C. employ利用D. enhance加强II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. dread dignity confidence reluctantunpolished sleep steady hurryemploy regard pleasant rapcommit drink square1. There are now (stiff: adj. 僵硬的/ 严厉的->) stiffer penalties (刑罚) for (drink->drank->drunk/ drink->drank->drunken) drunken drivers.2. We can find that the employment rate (概率) of university graduates (毕业/毕业生) has declined gradually.3. She sensed (felt) his (reluctant->) reluctance to continue the relationship with her.4. He turned off (偏离) the road into a sleepy (quiet/ out of the way/ remote) little town.5. Please give your parents my warmest regards. [give sb. my regards替我向某人问好]6. Peter is confident of winning the post (job) as the assistant (助手) to the managing director (行政经理).7. Behind the bar the (stew: vt. 炖) steward (服务员<-> stewardess空姐) are polishing (擦拭) the glasses busily.8. I've had a dreadful (terrible) day--everything seems to have gone wrong (出错go bad变质).9. Everyone sensed (felt) that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air.10. I tried (努力) to remember all the articles I had hurriedly packed (打包) and wrote them down (recorded) as (when) they came to me.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the caféand looked at the terrace where the tables were all empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind.2. "No, thank you," said the waiter and went out. He disliked bars and bodegas. A clean, well-lighted café was a very different thing. Now, without thinking further, he would go home to hisroom. He would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight, he would go to sleep. After all, he said to himself, it was probably only insomnia. Many must have it.参考译文:1.他们一起坐在紧靠着餐馆大门墙边的桌旁,眼睛望着平台,那儿的桌子全都空无一人,只有那个老人坐在随风轻轻飘拂的树叶的阴影里。

研究生英语核心教材—综合教程(下册)课后练习答案unit6,8,9

研究生英语核心教材—综合教程(下册)课后练习答案unit6,8,9

研究⽣英语核⼼教材—综合教程(下册)课后练习答案unit6,8,9Unit 6 Same Sex Marriage in the United StatesVocabularyI. Word Distinctions1. allege; charge两个词均有‘指控’的意思:allege: 在没有证据或得到证据之前指控(To assert without or before proof): 课⽂中Baehr and her attorney sought their objectives ... by alleging exclusively violations of state law,所以州政府以failure to state a claim(未能提出充⾜的证据) 申请州法院将其起诉驳回。

charge: 掌握证据后正式起诉(make a formal accusation)。

选择以上适当的词填空:1)The former mayor will appear before the local court today ____ with taking bribes.2)His classmates ____ that he was cheating in the exam, but they failed to produce any solid proof.3)She’s been arrested after being____ with murdering her husband.4)The ____ murderer was proved innocent.charges alleged charged alleged2. affirms; confirm两个词均指‘确认’affirm: to state something as true;confirm: to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often by telephone or writing选择以上适当的词填空:1)Six people have ____ that they will be attending and ten haven’t replied yet.2)The suspect ____ that he had been at home all evening.3)I’ve accepted the job over the phone, but I haven’t____ in writing yet.4)She ____ her intention to apply for the post.5)Flights should be ____ 48 hours before departure.confirmed affirmed confirmed affirmed confirmedII. Decide the meanings of the following words by matching each word in Column A with the word or expression in Column B that is similar in meaning.TranslationI.Put the following Chinese expressions into English.1) 有争议的问题provocative issues2) 社会和宗教传统societal and religious conventions3) 异族通婚interracial marriage4) 法律援助legal aid5) 家庭伴侣关系法domestic partnership laws6) 异性婚姻heterosexual marriage7) 违反法律violations of laws8) 单⽅婚姻⽆效singular marriage voidII.Put the following Chinesse sentences into English with the words or phrases in the brackets.1) 所有的战⼠都知道他们的秘密任务需要冒⼀定的风险。

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程词汇及课后答案

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程词汇及课后答案

Unit10GlobalizationWord Bankalienation: a turning away; estrangement疏远, 疏离altitude: the height of a thing above a reference level高度, 海拔assemble: to bring or call together into a group or whole召集bureaucrat: an official of a bureaucracy官僚collaboration: the act of working with another or others on a joint project协作commission: a group of people officially authorized to perform certain duties or functions调查团commoditize: to make sth. bear the feature of being a commodity商品化commodity: something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage日用具, 商品concrete: of or relating to an actual, specific thing or instance具体, 实际converge: to tend toward or approach an intersecting point汇聚destructive: causing or wreaking destruction; ruinous破坏, 破坏性dismantling: the act of taking apart or tearing down拆开, 分解embassy: a building containing the offices of an ambassador and staff大使馆embolden: to foster boldness or courage in使大胆, 使有胆量exclusion: the act or practice of excluding 排除flattening: being flat扁平gang: a group of criminals or hoodlums帮派grievance: a feeling of resentment or injustice at having been unfairly treated埋怨; 委屈hateful: feeling or showing hatred憎恨instrument: a means by which something is done; an implement手段; 工具invisible: impossible to see; not visible看不见minimize: to reduce to the smallest possible amount, extent, size, or degree最小化outsource: to buy in (components for a product) rather than manufacture them外界供给oyster: any of several edible bivalve mollusks牡蛎potential: capable of being but not yet in existence潜在, 可能refuge: a place providing protection or shelter呵护所reservation: the act of reserving保留restriction: the act of restricting限带, 限定retiree: one who has retired from active working life退休者spot: a place of relatively small and definite limits场所; 地点stimulate: to excite (a nerve, organ, etc.) with a stimulus刺激; 激发summon: to call together召集; 召唤swarm: to move in or form a large number成群移动或出现unlock: to undo or set free打开; 释放utmost: of the highest or greatest degree, amount, or intensity; most extreme极度, 最大versus: against与……相对warp: to turn or twist (wood, for example) out of shape扭曲Phrases and Expressionsbring about: to cause to happen造成bring down: to cause to fall打倒, 击落draw up: to prepare a draft of (a legal document) 草拟look through: to examine查阅; 审校reflect on: to think over思索; 反省Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. It is concluded in the article that 11/9 and 9/11 are different in that __C___.A. 11/9 brought down a wall and 9/11 opened the windows of the worldB. 11/9 brought down the World Trade Center and 9/11 put up new invisible wallsC. 11/9 represented the creative imagination and 9/11 represented the destructive imaginationD. 11/9 unlocked half the planet and 9/11 made the citizens potential partners and competitors2. According to the article, what might be the cause(s) of 11/9? ( D )A. Hundreds of East Germans sought refuge at the West German embassy in Hungary.B. The East German government gave in to the pressure built up by the escape of more than thirteen thousand East Germans.C. Eastern Europeans looked forward to walking out from behind the Iron Curtain and engage with a flattening world.D. All of the above.3. "We were the only superpower, and the world was our oyster" (Para. 4) Here "oyster" infers that __B__.A. the world itself provides a shelter for AmericansB. people in America could enjoy supreme freedom so as to get everything they want from lifeC. Americans feel to be playing a significant role in the whole worldD. America is a paradise of liberty and freedom4. Why could imagination never be commoditized according to the article? ( B )A. Because imagination is too important to be commoditized.B. Because imagination is too individualized to be commoditized.C. Because it is extremely tough for imagination to be commoditized under a near total monopoly of power.D. Because it is of no value at all to commoditize imagination.5. It can be inferred from what Irving Wladawsky Berger says that ___A__.A. positive imagination could possibly ease the danger from individuals even without the instruments of a stateB. focus on productive outcomes could advance and unite civilizationC. peaceful imagination could minimize alienation and celebrate interdependenceD. stimulating positive imagination is of the utmost importanceII. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.The past decade and a half witnessed how the world went (1) flat, which is characterized by two dates: 11/9 and 9/11.The creative (2) imagination of 11/9 led to the collapse of the Berlin Wall and helped citizens around the globe to join together in business and trade. In the mean time, the (3) destructive imagination of 9/11 brought down the World Trade Center, throwing the world into chaos and panic.Eleven-nine arose from a simple event in which hundreds of East Germans sought (4) refuge at the West German (5) embassy in Hungary in July 1989. As a result, Hungary decided to lift the (6) restrictions on the passage to Austria, which made it possible for thousands of East Germans to (7) escape to Austria and thus to West Germany. The impending (8) pressure drove the East German government to (9) remove travel ban. Thus on 11/9/89, East Germans gathered to break down the Berlin Wall.However, 9/11 changed the way in which the world got flattened peacefully and positively. Bin Laden and his gang might have plotted to hit both towers of the World Trade Center at the exact right (10) spot. Unfortunately, September 11, turned out to be day that the terrorists had their destructive imagination materialized.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. Some animals get confused when seeing their __B___ a mirror.A. inflectionB. reflectionC. convictionD. nutrition2. Memory can be profoundly ___A__ by subsequent experience.A. shapedB. shippedC. shiftedD. sharpened3. We received many clever and ___C__ entries in our children's painting contest.A. initiativeB. inductiveC. imaginativeD. informative4. This dress was sewn by my mother carefully and the stitches are almost ___D__.A. incredibleB. impossibleC. insatiableD. invisible5. Many businesses with growth __B___ fail to raise enough funds because they lack investment readiness.A. essentialB. potentialC. utensilD. spatial6. Countless small streams ___A__ to form a large river.A. convergeB. divergeC. submergeD. infringe7. These pills should help to ___C__ the pain.A. increaseB. leaseC. easeD. abuse8. A big ___B__ of bees started following Claire who ran away terrified.A. swimB. swarmC. warmD. swam9. During the pregnancy, it's normal to gain weight, but I __B___ ballooned up.A. initiativelyB. literallyC. laterallyD. lastly10. His __C___ is to dedicate himself to the service of his country.A. hatredB. educationC. mottoD. religionII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.represent realize innocent commodity availablethreaten stimulate minimal suspect reserverestrict center alien grieve lock1. Public health officials now say the disease is under control and is, not a public health threat.2. Don't worry. Your loyalty is above any suspicion.3. For the past 10 years, many technologies that we have been using reached wide scale adoption and thus essentially have become commoditized.4. Life saving care used to be unavailable to women giving birth, particularly in rural areas.5. If you prove your innocence you can be free.6. I think we can minimize the problem, so it isn't worth fussing about.7. These inscriptions are keys with which we unlock the secrets of ancient Egypt.8. I'd like to change my reservation in your hotel.9. Power without restriction is vulnerable to corruption.10. Your kindness was a consolation to me in my grief.TranslationPut the following paragraph into English.9/11造成污染让约40万人健康受到严重伤害。

研究生英语阅读Unit 9答案

研究生英语阅读Unit 9答案

Language Points1. dug-out: 挖空dig-dug-dug2. canoe:(体长头尖的)小划子,独木舟dug-out canoe:指树干挖空作船体的独木舟。

3. overriding:压倒一切的,首要的override (overrode-overridden): v. 制服,压倒;奔越过;践踏过;使无效Eg. an overriding task override a veto 使否决无效4. feast: v. 1) 盛宴款待2) 使得到享受Eg. feast one’s eyes on the wonderful performance尽情欣赏精彩表演n.盛宴,筵席5. anarchic: adj. 无政府主义的;混乱的anarchy: n.无政府状态;混乱;无秩序anarchism:n.无政府主义anarchist: n.无政府主义者6. ubiquitous: adj. 普遍存在的, 无处不在的ubiquity: n.普遍存在7. cornucopia: 象征丰饶的羊角,象征(丰饶的)羊角画(或雕刻)8. scavenge: v. 1)清除污物,垃圾2) (从丢弃物中)寻找(可用之物)9.undermine: v. 1) 在…下面挖坑道,削弱…的基础2)暗中破坏,逐渐损害10. mistake…for…把…错认/当成…Eg. He mistook me for my brother.11. scour: v. 1)走遍(某地)搜索Eg. Scour the forest for the robberScour the library for references2) 急速穿行,追寻Eg. Scour over hillside for game12. bombard: v. 炮击,轰炸;(喻)痛斥,攻击13. swell (swelled-swollen):v.1)膨胀,肿胀2)(土地)隆起,(河水)上涨Eg. The river has swollen with melted snow.雪融河涨E-C“高速公路”这个词是这种现象的一个误导名称。

研究生英语综合教程上Unit 9

研究生英语综合教程上Unit 9

Starting out
Task 1
With rapid economic development in China, people’s housing conditions have been greatly improved, but house prices have also risen. Interview some of your friends, especially those who were born before or during the 1970s, about the changes they have experienced in the cost and condition of their housing. The following are some possible topics that you may like to raise.
grow by 12X. 2. may rise to $110,000 a year 3. has not only affected people with low incomes but also
people who live in the suburbs 4. having a period of misfortune 5. not people who have received federal housing assistance, but
Starting out—Task 2
Task 2
People have a number of different reasons for choosing a particular area to live in. Compare the benefits and shortcomings of the following locations and decide where you’d like to live. You could add to the list.

专业硕士研究生英语课后答案

专业硕士研究生英语课后答案

Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n. a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/文选attest :v. to show sth. or to say or prove that sth. is true 证明choke: v. to stop breathing 窒息,哽住devilment : n. behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v. to give sth. out to several people, or to spread or supply sth. 分发,发送epiphany: n. understanding 理解forge: v. to make an illegal copy of sth. in order to deceive 伪造,铸造gem: n. sb. or sth. that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品,非常有用的人genuine: adj. sth. genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的,明白的,清醒的omit: v. to fail to include or do sth. 省略,疏忽plight: n. an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境,状态seduction: n. the attractive quality of sth. 诱惑superintendent: n. people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc. 主管,负责人treason: n. lack of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌,叛国罪vulgar: adj. rude and likely to upset or anger people 无理的,粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐,赶走be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look 一瞥turn into: to change into 进入,(使)变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A. is angry with his students.B. does not like his students forging excuse notes.C. blames the parents.D. teaches a successful writing class.2. Mikey missed school ____D____.A. because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB. because he did not like his teacherC. because his parents wanted him to be homeD. because he did not want to go to school3. When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A. very smart and imaginativeB. boredC. indifferentD. excited4. The principal of the school ____B____.A. blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B. praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C. was disappointed with the teacher.D. fired the teacher.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A. The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B. The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C. The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D. The students did not enjoy the teacher’s writing class.II. Complete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr. McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing. He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents. He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the (4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries. The students were so smart that they could create a variety of (5)excuses. So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes. The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method. Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class. And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse. Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A. falseB. beautifulC. famousD. forged2. To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A. accuseB. abuseC. deduceD. excuse3. Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A. reckonedB. beckonedC. softenedD. stiffened4. Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A. withB. byC. beforeD. for5. She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A. lucidB. dullC. unclearD. ambiguous6. Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A. politeB. boringC. vulgarD. pleasant7. The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A. contributedB. tributeC. attributedD. distributed8. The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A. omitB. permitC. summitD. illuminate9. Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A. lightB. mightC. plightD. moonlight10. I have to __B___ my reputation.A. detectB. protectC. intactD. preventII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1. In the US. a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2. Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3. The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4. Can you turn this article into English?5. She took a glance at her watch.6. I know why this happened. You don't have to find any excuse.7. He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8. This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9. Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10. Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students. They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2. My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools. Neither acknowledged me. They walked up and down, peering at papers. The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3. Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse. Also, if we sang today wecould sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译文:1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条,很多是学生自己写的。

研究生英语综合教程第九课课后答案

研究生英语综合教程第九课课后答案

Unit NineExploration of the TextI. Reading ComprehensionII. VocabularyA. Complete the sentences with words given below in the box, making sure each word is used in the right form.1. risk2. last3. raise4. granted5. opaque6. vaporized7. filed8. underwater9. rise 10. senseB. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence.1-10 BDACA CADBDIII. ClozeChoose the best answer from the choices A, B, C and D provided to fill in each blank.1—15 CADBA DBACD BADCAIV. Translation (for reference only)A.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.我们说一家公司破产,通常认为这家公司别无选择、走投无路了。

但是最近美航申请破产,却是故意为之。

美航在银行还有四十亿美元,还可以支付自己的支出费用。

但是它已经有一段时间是亏损经营,所以董事会决定在亏损中继续往里面扔钱的做法是很愚蠢的。

宣布破产可以减少美航的债务、允许其违反联盟合约,达到削减和降低成本的目的。

美航并没有因为此举而背上坏名声。

相反,分析家们还高度赞扬此举非常明智。

当继续偿还债务对于一家公司来说不再是明智之举,该公司即对其债务进行再谈判,若谈判失败,就不还,这种做法已经得到普遍的认可。

专业硕士研究生英语课后答案

专业硕士研究生英语课后答案

Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n. a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/文选attest :v. to show sth. or to say or prove that sth. is true 证明choke: v. to stop breathing 窒息,哽住devilment : n. behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v. to give sth. out to several people, or to spread or supply sth. 分发,发送epiphany: n. understanding 理解forge: v. to make an illegal copy of sth. in order to deceive 伪造,铸造gem: n. sb. or sth. that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品,非常有用的人genuine: adj. sth. genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的,明白的,清醒的omit: v. to fail to include or do sth. 省略,疏忽plight: n. an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境,状态seduction: n. the attractive quality of sth. 诱惑superintendent: n. people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc. 主管,负责人treason: n. lack of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌,叛国罪vulgar: adj. rude and likely to upset or anger people 无理的,粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐,赶走be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look 一瞥turn into: to change into 进入,(使)变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A. is angry with his students.B. does not like his students forging excuse notes.C. blames the parents.D. teaches a successful writing class.2. Mikey missed school ____D____.A. because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB. because he did not like his teacherC. because his parents wanted him to be homeD. because he did not want to go to school3. When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A. very smart and imaginativeB. boredC. indifferentD. excited4. The principal of the school ____B____.A. blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B. praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C. was disappointed with the teacher.D. fired the teacher.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A. The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B. The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C. The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D. The students did not enjoy the teacher’s writing class.II. Complete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr. McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing. He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents. He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the (4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries. The students were so smart that they could create a variety of (5)excuses. So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes. The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method. Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class. And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse. Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A. falseB. beautifulC. famousD. forged2. To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A. accuseB. abuseC. deduceD. excuse3. Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A. reckonedB. beckonedC. softenedD. stiffened4. Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A. withB. byC. beforeD. for5. She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A. lucidB. dullC. unclearD. ambiguous6. Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A. politeB. boringC. vulgarD. pleasant7. The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A. contributedB. tributeC. attributedD. distributed8. The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A. omitB. permitC. summitD. illuminate9. Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A. lightB. mightC. plightD. moonlight10. I have to __B___ my reputation.A. detectB. protectC. intactD. preventII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1. In the US. a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2. Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3. The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4. Can you turn this article into English?5. She took a glance at her watch.6. I know why this happened. You don't have to find any excuse.7. He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8. This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9. Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10. Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students. They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2. My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools. Neither acknowledged me. They walked up and down, peering at papers. The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3. Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse. Also, if we sang today wecould sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译文:1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条,很多是学生自己写的。

专业型硕士研究生英语课文讲义unit 9

专业型硕士研究生英语课文讲义unit 9

• • • • • • • •
rather than effective makeshift cobble together on the spur of creat scene semi-automatic
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tape liter at best... at worst jury-rigged worthless partially block overpressure
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threshold sound track reproduce stagger
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insure member fire confined discharge cause temporary
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transfer define loudness in terms of output give a complete picture • outward
Textual organization
• Paragraph 2 and 3 are used as examples to tell the readers that what we see in movies may not necessarily be real from a physics point of view. • The function of Paragraph 4 is to give a scientific explanation of the actual situation related to the movie examples.
• • • • • • • •
figure moviemaker consistently artillery shell distant invariably simultaneously

研究生英语阅读教程翻译及课后练习答案U9_TextA.ppt

研究生英语阅读教程翻译及课后练习答案U9_TextA.ppt

Content
Warming-up
Reading
Text A Writing Text B
Text A With Finance Disgraced, Which Career Will Be King?
Background Information Introduction:With Finance Disgraced, Which Career Will Be King? is an article written in 2009 by Steve Lohr, a foreign correspondent for the New Times. The impact of the global financial crisis is enormous and overwhelming. There is little doubt that the crisis has already hurt job growth. The economic crisis has definitely changed the way the university students search for jobs. Students realize that they need to keep their options open and not necessarily only focus on the type of jobs they have originally planned on. The current economic crisis has reshaped the financial world.
译文
1. 大萧条时期,聪明的大学生们一窝蜂地涌入土 木工程行业,从事当年公路、桥梁和大坝建设项目 的设计工作。苏联人造地球卫星上天的时代,美国 倾力发展科学技术以便对阵冷战时期的共产主义挑 战,学生们则又纷纷投身科学领域。没错,这些工 作不仅诱人,而且薪水丰厚。然而这些职业当年还 会带来另外的殊荣:受人尊敬与自尊。

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-9词汇及课后答案

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-9词汇及课后答案

Unit NineParentingWord Bank(academy->Police Academy) academic: adj. of a school, especially of higher learning; of scholarly (scholarship奖学金,助学金) performance学校的,学院的,学术的affirm: v. to assert; confirm断言,证实,承认(aggress->aggressor =invader) aggression (aggressive): n. the act of initiating (hostile->) hostilities or invasion侵犯,侵略,挑衅(anthropology->) anthropologist: n. the scholar who studies the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural development of human beings人类学家complement: v. to make sth. Complete补充,补足complementary: adj. completing; supplying mutual needs补充的,补足的consequence: n. effect; the result to its cause结果,因果关系的deprive (sb. of sth.): v. to take sth. away from拿走,抢夺directive: adj. straightforward; serving to direct (->director导演)直接的,指导的(obey->obedient->obedience<->disobey->disobedient) disobedience: n. refusal or failure to obey不服从,不顺从,违抗distinct: different; clear不同的,明显的(diverse->) diversity: n. (vary->) variety or multiformity 变化,多样性enforce(->reinforce): to compel obedience to强制服从或遵守(exploit->) exploitation: n. the act of employing to the greatest possible advantage 开发,开采,剥削(expose to->) exposure: n. the act of exposing; influence暴露,受影响facilitate (=help->facility设备设施): v. to make easy or easier使容易,使便利groom: v. to care for the appearance of; to make neat (tidy)and trim(vt./adj.)使整洁,打扮hygiene: n. (=sanity) the promotion and preservation of health 卫生interaction: n. the act or process of interacting相互作用(intimate->) intimacy: n. the condition of being close in relation亲密(muscle肌肉->masculine男性的->) masculinity: n. the quality and characteristic of a male男子气,阳刚气modify: v. to change; to alter变更,修改monster: n. an imaginary or legendary creature怪物nurture: v. to nourish, to feed; to educate, to train给…营养,喂养,培养(object->objective<->subjective) objectivity: n. the state of being objective 客观,客观性(orient东方的) oriented: adj. directed导向性的predatory: adj. living by preying on other organisms掠夺的,肉食的(relate A to B->relation->) relational: adj. of kinship亲属关系的roughhouse: v. to engage in rowdy behavior or play打闹,殴斗sheer: adj. complete; absolute; pure 绝对的,完全的,纯粹的sternly: adv. harshly; severely严厉地,严格地(sym-=same; pathy=feeling)sympathy(sympathize with sb.): n. sharing the feelings of another同情,同情心tickle: v. to touch (the body) lightly so as to cause laughter (笑声) or twitching movements; to tease or excite pleasurably使觉得痒,逗乐(timid=shy->) timidity (timidate=frighten): n. lack of confidence; fear 胆怯,羞怯: adv. orally; literally口头上地,言辞地wrestle: v. to contend by grappling and, attempting to throw摔跤Phrases and Expressionscope with: =deal with; to handle处理;应对due to: owing to由于have access (通道) to: to have the right to approach, or to make use of接近权;享用权in terms (术语, 学期) of: in relation to; with reference to根据;按照;就……而言settle (->settlement) down: to begin living a stable and orderly life; to become less nervous or restless安顿下来;平静Reading ComprehensionI. Choose the best for each of the following.1. How can fathers and mothers provide good things to children that same-sex caregivers cannot? ( D )A. By being adults in their children's lives.B. By depriving of the benefits found in mothers and fathersC. By differing parenting styles among people.D. By cooperating and complementing between mothers and fathers.2. According to Eleanor Maccoby, ___A__.A. fathers and mothers teach children differently in dealing with lifeB. fathers will not provide warm, nurturing care for an infantC. mothers teach children the difference between men and womenD. fathers have a distinct style of communication and interaction with children3. Children who roughhouse with their fathers ( A )A. learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptableB. learn self-controlC. are more physical and action orientedD. need mom's softness4. Which of the following can be categorized as "push limits"? ( D )A. Expanding experiences and confidence.B. Yelling "slow down, not so high, not so hard".C. Causing disagreement between mom and dad.D. Encouraging kids to climb higher, to ride faster.5. Girls with involved "married fathers" ( A )A. are more likely to have healthier relationships with malesB. build emotional security, and safety from other men and womenC. learn what masculinity isD. cope with life differentlyII. Complete the following (sum up求和-> summarize总结, 归纳) summary (小结) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Children (1) benefit from a mother and father's differing (2) parenting styles. Mothers and fathers bring to their children (3) different values. They are different in their parenting styles, in the way they (4) play with children, and in their (5) communication with children. Fathers (6) provide a look at the world of men; mothers, the world of women. And by (7) cooperating together and complementing each other in their differences they provide good things that same-sex caregivers cannot. Children who have daily (8) access to the different and complementary ways of mothers and fathers will have (9) confidence, independence, and security. They are more likely to have a (10) healthy respect for both women and men as they grow into adulthood. VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. She was ___A__ a normal childhood by the war.A. deprived ofB. taken awayC. given upD. got out2. Roses in a silver bowl ___B__ the handsome (beautiful) cherry table.A. comparisonB. complementC. competitionD. compensation3. Charles Darwin saw in the ___C__ of species (物种) the principles of (evolve->) evolution that operated to generate (=produce) the species: variation, competition and selection.A. (divide->) divisionB. (diverse->) diversionC. diversityD. (vary->) variation4. We (meet->) met on two __B___ occasions. One was an academic conference; the other a party.A. clearB. distinct (different)C. likely(possible)D. notable (obvious)5. The Internet, which covers the whole world, is increasing the __A___ of the people on the planet.A. interactionB. contractC. interplayD. interchange6. Most vegetables we buy in winter are __C___ in the greenhouse.A. natured (born to be)B. cultivated (->culture文化)C. nurtured (养育)D. nourished (提供营养)7. The students protested in front of American consulate (领事馆). They had no motives (动机) but those of ___B__ patriotism (爱国主义).A. absolute(绝对的)B. sheer (only纯粹的)C. pureD. complete8. The children ___A__ while (they are) building forts (要塞) with toy bricks (砖).A. roughhouse (fight)B. handleC. (pretense->)pretendD. behave9. The building is __D___ south and north.A. allocated (assign分配)B. guided (导游)C. operated (操纵)D. oriented (取…坐向)10. His (fail->) failure in business is largely due to __A__.A. timidity(胆怯)B. quality(质量)C. characteristics(特性特征)D. behavior (行为)II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.settle down facilitatemodify subtleconsequence verbally sympathy cope with academic instincthave/has access to sternlyaggression systematicallynurture1. Chinese national troops are on the alert against any possible aggression.2. This government has systematically taken actions to renew its economy.3. Most people have sympathy for the old lady for her (lose->lost->lost->) loss of the only son in the accident4. He is a (journal=magazine->) journalist (新闻工作者->journalism新闻学) whose subtle views on the hard issues of our time are rooted in a tough mind (heart) and5. I was (amuse逗人乐->) amazed (surprised) at her ability to cope with the difficult situation.6. He is one of the few scientists in this military base who have access to the restricted area.7. By the age of two most children have begun to communicate verbally (=orally).8. Modern devices such as micro-wave oven facilitate domestic work, and free (vt. set sb. free) people to have more (entertain->) entertainments (娱乐).9. This university is composed of five academic schools (department系).10. The industrial revolution modified (alter<->) the whole structure of English-speaking society.TranslationPut the following paragraph into English.在只有母亲或只有父亲的家庭里长大的孩子将会极大地缺乏自信、独立及安全感。

工程硕士英语unit9完型答案及翻译

工程硕士英语unit9完型答案及翻译

Unit 9Exercises III Cloze Test BWorldwide, almost 99% of the human food supply is plant species and 8 livestock species, small numbers when _ compared with ___ the estimated 10-30 million species _ inhabiting_ our biosphere. Introducing genes from various organisms into crops and livestock has long been regarded as a promising way to _ensure _ the continued productivity of agriculture and forestry. Then, too, the substitution or addition of diverse genes into agricultural and forestry species may, as Raven has suggested, be a _ way _ to use the undiscovered resources of biodiversity in the _service __ of social and economic development.Genetic engineering technology has dramatically reduced the time _requested_ for the development of new commercial varieties of crops. Some investigators have suggested that the use of genetic markers could reduce __ the usual 10-15-year breeding _ cycles __ to only 2-3 years. Genetic engineering is rapidly _ replacing __ traditional plant breeding programs and has become the mainstay of agricultural crop improvement. __ Since __ 1986, 2053 field trials have led to the release of transgenic plants into natural ecosystems around the world. Recent advances in the genetic engineering of plants, animals, and microorganism, _ including viruses, are encouraging and show _ promise _ for further development. _ Meanwhile _, research efforts are increasing at university industry, and government laboratories.In addition to the _ perceived_ benefits of genetic engineering for the industrialized nations, proponents __ advocate _ the use of genetic engineering to improve agriculture in developing countries. This _ strategy _ might help these countries bypass expensive, high-input crop production and move their traditional agriculture toward low-input sustainable _ practice __.Many scientists, however, have expressed __ concern_ regarding the possible environmental risks. Many have asserted that the release of genetically engineered organism might adversely affect both tropical and temperate biodiversity.If, as expected, the U.S. government deregulates testing, _ leaving __ it entirely to the discretion of those with economic interest in genetic engineering, the release ofgenetically engineered organism before their _ safety has been ascertained will be a danger. Some proponents of genetic engineering support deregulation of biotechnology. However, will reducing regulations, as suggested by Miller, reduces risks of genetic engineering?1. A. comparing with与…比较 B. compared withC. comparing toD. compared to比喻为2. A. occupying 占据 B. living生活C. inhabiting生存,栖息D. filling填充3. A. ensure确保 B. insure保险C. assure向…保证D. reassure使…放心4. A. fashion 时尚 B. manner风格,举止C. way 机会途径D. approach接近逼近5. A. job 工作职位 B. role角色C. style 风格D. service服务6. A. required必须的 B. inquires询问C. requested被请求的D. acquired已获得的7. A. double 双倍 B. reduce 减少C. redouble使加倍;加强D. increase 增长8. A. process 过程 B. series连续;系列C. periods 时期,期间D. cycles周期;循环9. A. instead替代 B. replacing 取代;以...代替C. displacing取代,替代D. instead of 代替10. A. After B. InC. SinceD. Before11. A. including B. consisting组成,构成C. makingD. taking12. A. success B. promiseC. possibilityD. feasibility 可行性;可能性13. A. Nevertheless仍然,不过,然而 B. However 然而,可是,C. Consequently结果,因此,必然地D. Meanwhile 其时,其间[14. A. perceived察觉;感知 B. regarded 注重,注意;C. shown显示D. considered 考虑过的;15. A. oppose 反对;反抗;妨碍 B. advocate 提倡者;拥护者C. denounce指责,谴责D. renounce 声明放弃;抛弃16. A. means B. decision 决定C. method办法D. strategy 战略17. A. sources 源头 B. resources资源C. practice实行,实施,实践D. origin 起源;由来;18. A. concern涉及,关系到;影响到 B. opinion 意见,见解;主张C. meaning意思;含义D. attitude 态度,意见,看法19. A. leave B. leftC. leavingD. leaves20. A. safety B. security安全,安全感C. successD. value 价值Translation在世界范围内,几乎99%的人类食物供给来自植物品种和8个家畜品种,这与生存于我们生物圈粗略估算的10到30百万个物种相比,是一个很小的数字。

研究生英语综合教程上 unit 9-10 reading focus 精校文字版

研究生英语综合教程上 unit 9-10 reading focus 精校文字版

THE HOUSING CRISIS GOES SUBURBAN1 Seventy years after President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared that the Depression had left one-third of the American people "ill-housed, ill-clothed and ill-nourished,"2 Americans are well-clothed and increasingly over nourished. But the scarcity of affordable housing is a deepening national crisis, and not just for inner-city families on welfare. The problem has climbed the income ladder and moved to the suburbs, where service workers cram their families into overcrowded apartments, college graduates have to crash with their parents, and firefighters, police officers and teachers can't afford to live in the communities they serve.2 Home ownership is near an all-time high, but the gap is growing between the Owns and the Own-Nots —as well as the Owns and the Own-80-Miles-From-Work. One-third of Americans now spend at least 30% of their income on housing, the federal definition of an "unaffordable" burden, and half the working poor spend at least 50% of their income on rent, a "critical" burden. The real estate boom of the past decade has produced windfalls for Americans who owned before it began, but affordable housing is now a serious problem for more low- and moderate-income Americans than taxes, Social Security4 or gas prices.3 America used to care a lot about affordable housing. Roosevelt signed housing legislation in 1934 and 1937, providing mortgages, government apartments and construction jobs for workers down on their luck. In 1949, Congress .set an official goaljjf "a decent home and a suitable living environment for every American family," and in 1974, President Richard M. Nixon began offering subsidized rent vouchers to millions of low-income tenants in private housing. For half a century, most housing debates in Washington revolved around how much to expand federal assistance.4 But for the past two decades, the only new federal housing initiative has been HOPE VI5, a Clinton administration program that has demolished 80,000 units of the worst public housing and built mixed-income developments in their place. The program has eliminated most of the high-rise hellholes that gave public housing a bad name and has revived some urban neighborhoods. But it has razed more subsidized apartments than it has replaced.5 Overall, the number of households receiving federal aid has flatlined since the early 1990s, despite an expanding population and a ballooning budget. Congress has rejected most of President Bush's proposed cuts, but there has been virtually no discussion of increases; affordable-housing advocates spend most of their time fighting to preserve the status quo.6 And it's a tough status quo. Today, for every one of the 4.5 million low-income families that receive federal housing assistance, there are three eligible families without it. Fairfax County has 12,000 families on a waiting list for 4,000 assisted apartments. "It's golden when you get one—nobody wants to give it up," says Conrad Egan, chairman of the Fairfax housing authority. It sounds odd, but the victims of today's housing crisis are not people living in "the projects", but people who aren't even that lucky.7 Some liberals6 dream of extending subsidies to all eligible low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealistic even before the budget deficit ballooned again. So even some housing advocates now support time limits on most federal rent aid. The time limits included in welfare reform 10 years ago were controversial, but studies suggest they've helped motivate recipients to get off the dole. And unlike welfare, housing aid is not a federal entitlement, so taking it away from one family after a few years would provide a break for an equally deserving family.8 "It's a no-brainer," says David Smith, an affordable-housing advocate in Boston. "You can'tsustain the internal contradiction of no limits."9 The root of the problem is the striking mismatch between the demand for and the supply of affordable housing —or, more accurately, affordable housing near jobs. Fifteen million families now spend at least half their income on housing, according to Harvard's Joint_CenterfOTHousing Studies: many skimp on health care, child care and food to do so. Others reduce their rents by overcrowding, which studies link to higher crime rates, poorer academic performance and poorer health; Los Angeles alone has 620.000 homes with more than one person per room. Other workers are enduring increasingly long commutes from less expensive communities, a phenomenon known as "driving to qualify".10 This creates all kinds of lousy outcomes—children who don't get to see their parents, workers who can't make ends meet when gas prices soar, exurban sprawl, roads clogged with long-distance commuters emitting greenhouse gases. "I don't think we're creating strong communities by forcing people into their cars four hours a day," says Cathy Hudgins. chairwoman of the housing committee for the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Affordable housing also helps make communities competitive; it's not clear how Fairfax can keep creating jobs if workers can't afford to live there.11 The best thing local officials can do to promote affordable housing is to get out of the way—stop requiring one-acre lots and two-car garages, and stop blocking low-income and high-density projects.12 Washington politicians, on the other hand, have the federal budget at their disposal. But Congress hasn't supported new construction since the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit of 1986, which creates nearly 100,000 units of affordable housing a year, enough to replace half the units that are torn down or converted to market rents. Bush proposed a home-ownership tax credit during his 2000 and 2004 campaigns, but it turned out to be the rare tax cut he didn't pursue. A bill pending in Congress would divert a percentage of profits from federally chartered institutions such as Fannie Mae to a national affordable-housing trust fund8, but it seems stalled. The only affordability ideas with any traction at the national level are not really housing ideas; for example, one way to make housing more affordable to workers would be to raise their incomes—through higher minimum wages, lower payroll taxes or an expanded Earned Income Tax Credit.13 There is one clear solution to the affordable-housing crisis: a real estate crash. It's the one housing issue that attracts media attention—because it would hurt the Owns. But while an easing of prices could be devastating for lower-income Owns with risky mortgages, it probably wouldn't bring home ownership within reach for many Own- Nots. Prices have too far to fall; in 2000, two-thirds of the home sales in Fairfax were for $250,000 or less, but last year, fewer than one-twentieth were. And even a modest price slump could trigger a construction slowdown that would make shortages of affordable housing for moderate-income families even worse.14 Eventually, politicians may rediscover housing—not as an urban poverty issue, but as a middle-class quality-of-life issue, like gas prices or health care. Home ownership is often described as the American dream, but these days many workers would settle for a decent rental that won't bankrupt their families.ACADEMY IN TIMES OF CRISIS1 Today the academy holds a highly privileged place in American society because of a about the long-standing national consensus about the value of education. One of my predecessors, PresidentHarold Dodds, said in his inaugural address in 1933 that "No country spends money for education, public or private, so lavishly as does the United States. Americans have an almost childlike faith in what formal education can do for them." That faith is based on a conviction that the vitality of the United States, its creative and diverse cultural life, its is national security and the robustness of its democratic institutions owe much to the quality of institutions of higher education.2 Our society’s confidence in its institutions of higher education is expressed through the generous investments of the federal and state government in basic and applied research, investment that wisely couple support for research with support for graduate education. It is also expresses through federal and state investments that subsidize the cost of higher education for those who cannot afford to pay, investments by private foundations and charities who see collegesand universities as the best routes for achieving their strategic goals, and investments by individuals and by the private sector, who see universities as the incubators of future health and prosperity. In return for this broad support, society rightfully expects certain things from us. It expects the generation of new ideas and the discovery of new knowledge, the exploration of complex issues in an open and collegial manner and the preparation of the next generation of citizens and leaders. In times of trouble, it is especially important that we live up to these expectations.3 The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inward in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions. The academy is of the world, not apart from it. Its ideals, crafted over many generations, are meant to suffuse the national consciousness. Its scholars and teachers are meant to move in and out of the academy in pursuit of opportunities to use their expertise in public service, in pursuit of creative work that will give us illumination and insight and in pursuit of ways to turn laboratory discoveries into useful things. Our students engage the world with a strong sense of civic responsibility, and when they graduate they become alumni who do the same. This is as it should be.4 The search for new ideas and knowledge is not and cannot be motivated by utilitarian concerns. Rather it depends on the ability to think in new and creative ways. When the Nobel laureate John Nash developed the mathematical concepts underlying non- cooperative game theory8 as a graduate student at Princeton, he could not foresee that those concepts would be used today to analyze election strategies and the causes of war and to make predictions about how people will act. When Professor of Molecular Biology Eric Wieschaus' set out as a young scientist to identify genes that pattern the body plan of the fruit fly embryo, he could not know that he would identify genes that play a central role in the development of human cancer. We have learned that we cannot predict with any accuracy how discoveries and scholarship will influence future generations. We also have learned that it is unwise to search only in predictable places, for new knowledge often depends upon preparing fertile ground in^obscure places where serendipity and good luck, as well as deep intelligence, can sprout. Freedom of inquiry, which is one of our most cherished organizing principles, is not just a moral imperative, it is a practical necessity.5 Just as we have an obligation to search widely for knowledge, so we also have an obligation to ensure that the scholarly work of the academy is widely disseminated, so that others can correct it when necessary, or build on it, or use it to make better decisions, develop better products or construct better plans. In the days ahead, I hope that our country's decision-makers will draw onthe knowledge that resides on our campuses, on historians who can inform the present through deep understanding of the past, philosophers who can provide frameworks for working through issues of right and wrong, economists whose insights can help to get the economy back on track, engineers who know how to build safer buildings, scientists who can analyze our vulnerabilities to future attack and develop strategies for reducing those vulnerabilities, and scholars in many fields who can help us understand the motivations of those who would commit acts of terrorism here and throughout the world.6 Let me now turn to the third obligation that we have to society: the education of the next generation of citizens and leaders. Princeton's view of what constitutes a liberal arts education was expressed well by Woodrow Wilson, our 13th President, whose eloquent words I read at Opening Exercises:"What we should seek to impart in our colleges, is not so much learning itself as the spirit of learning. It consists in the power to distinguish good reasoning from bad, in the power to digest and interpret evidence, in the habit of catholic observation and a preference for the non-partisan point of view, in an addiction to clear and logical processes of thought and yet an instinctive desire to interpret rather than to stick to the letter of reasoning, in a taste for knowledge and a deep respect for the integrity of the human mind."7 Wilson, and the presidents who followed him, rejected the narrow idea of a liberal arts education as preparation for a profession. While understanding the importance of professional education, they made it clear that at Princeton we should first and foremost cultivate the qualities of thought and discernment in our students in the belief that this will be most conducive to the health of our society. Thus we distinguish between the acquisition of information, something that is essential for professional training, and the development of habits of mind that can be applied in any profession. Consequently we celebrate when the classics scholar goes to medical school, the physicist becomes a member of Congress, or the historian teaches primary school. If we do our job well as educators, each of our students will take from a Princeton education a respect and appreciation for ideas and values, intellectual openness and rigor, practice in civil discourse and a sense of civic responsibility. During these troubled times, our students and our alumni will be called upon to exercise these qualities in their professions, their communities and their daily lives. By so doing, and through their leadership, their vision and their courage, they will help to fulfill Princeton's obligation to society and bring true meaning to our motto, "Princeton in the nation's service and in the service of all nations."。

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Unit NineParentingWord Bank(academy->Police Academy) academic: adj. of a school, especially of higher learning; of scholarly (scholarship奖学金,助学金) performance学校的,学院的,学术的affirm: v. to assert; confirm断言,证实,承认(aggress->aggressor =invader) aggression (aggressive): n. the act of initiating (hostile->) hostilities or invasion侵犯,侵略,挑衅(anthropology->) anthropologist: n. the scholar who studies the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural development of human beings人类学家complement: v. to make sth. Complete补充,补足complementary: adj. completing; supplying mutual needs补充的,补足的consequence: n. effect; the result to its cause结果,因果关系的deprive (sb. of sth.): v. to take sth. away from拿走,抢夺directive: adj. straightforward; serving to direct (->director导演)直接的,指导的(obey->obedient->obedience<->disobey->disobedient) disobedience: n. refusal or failure to obey不服从,不顺从,违抗distinct: different; clear不同的,明显的(diverse->) diversity: n. (vary->) variety or multiformity 变化,多样性enforce(->reinforce): to compel obedience to强制服从或遵守(exploit->) exploitation: n. the act of employing to the greatest possible advantage 开发,开采,剥削(expose to->) exposure: n. the act of exposing; influence暴露,受影响facilitate (=help->facility设备设施): v. to make easy or easier使容易,使便利groom: v. to care for the appearance of; to make neat (tidy)and trim(vt./adj.)使整洁,打扮hygiene: n. (=sanity) the promotion and preservation of health 卫生interaction: n. the act or process of interacting相互作用(intimate->) intimacy: n. the condition of being close in relation亲密(muscle肌肉->masculine男性的->) masculinity: n. the quality and characteristic of a male男子气,阳刚气modify: v. to change; to alter变更,修改monster: n. an imaginary or legendary creature怪物nurture: v. to nourish, to feed; to educate, to train给…营养,喂养,培养(object->objective<->subjective) objectivity: n. the state of being objective 客观,客观性(orient东方的) oriented: adj. directed导向性的predatory: adj. living by preying on other organisms掠夺的,肉食的(relate A to B->relation->) relational: adj. of kinship亲属关系的roughhouse: v. to engage in rowdy behavior or play打闹,殴斗sheer: adj. complete; absolute; pure 绝对的,完全的,纯粹的sternly: adv. harshly; severely严厉地,严格地(sym-=same; pathy=feeling)sympathy(sympathize with sb.): n. sharing the feelings of another同情,同情心tickle: v. to touch (the body) lightly so as to cause laughter (笑声) or twitching movements; to tease or excite pleasurably使觉得痒,逗乐(timid=shy->) timidity (timidate=frighten): n. lack of confidence; fear 胆怯,羞怯: adv. orally; literally口头上地,言辞地wrestle: v. to contend by grappling and, attempting to throw摔跤Phrases and Expressionscope with: =deal with; to handle处理;应对due to: owing to由于have access (通道) to: to have the right to approach, or to make use of接近权;享用权in terms (术语, 学期) of: in relation to; with reference to根据;按照;就……而言settle (->settlement) down: to begin living a stable and orderly life; to become less nervous or restless安顿下来;平静Reading ComprehensionI. Choose the best for each of the following.1. How can fathers and mothers provide good things to children that same-sex caregivers cannot? ( D )A. By being adults in their children's lives.B. By depriving of the benefits found in mothers and fathersC. By differing parenting styles among people.D. By cooperating and complementing between mothers and fathers.2. According to Eleanor Maccoby, ___A__.A. fathers and mothers teach children differently in dealing with lifeB. fathers will not provide warm, nurturing care for an infantC. mothers teach children the difference between men and womenD. fathers have a distinct style of communication and interaction with children3. Children who roughhouse with their fathers ( A )A. learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptableB. learn self-controlC. are more physical and action orientedD. need mom's softness4. Which of the following can be categorized as "push limits"? ( D )A. Expanding experiences and confidence.B. Yelling "slow down, not so high, not so hard".C. Causing disagreement between mom and dad.D. Encouraging kids to climb higher, to ride faster.5. Girls with involved "married fathers" ( A )A. are more likely to have healthier relationships with malesB. build emotional security, and safety from other men and womenC. learn what masculinity isD. cope with life differentlyII. Complete the following (sum up求和-> summarize总结, 归纳) summary (小结) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Children (1) benefit from a mother and father's differing (2) parenting styles. Mothers and fathers bring to their children (3) different values. They are different in their parenting styles, in the way they (4) play with children, and in their (5) communication with children. Fathers (6) provide a look at the world of men; mothers, the world of women. And by (7) cooperating together and complementing each other in their differences they provide good things that same-sex caregivers cannot. Children who have daily (8) access to the different and complementary ways of mothers and fathers will have (9) confidence, independence, and security. They are more likely to have a (10) healthy respect for both women and men as they grow into adulthood. VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. She was ___A__ a normal childhood by the war.A. deprived ofB. taken awayC. given upD. got out2. Roses in a silver bowl ___B__ the handsome (beautiful) cherry table.A. comparisonB. complementC. competitionD. compensation3. Charles Darwin saw in the ___C__ of species (物种) the principles of (evolve->) evolution that operated to generate (=produce) the species: variation, competition and selection.A. (divide->) divisionB. (diverse->) diversionC. diversityD. (vary->) variation4. We (meet->) met on two __B___ occasions. One was an academic conference; the other a party.A. clearB. distinct (different)C. likely(possible)D. notable (obvious)5. The Internet, which covers the whole world, is increasing the __A___ of the people on the planet.A. interactionB. contractC. interplayD. interchange6. Most vegetables we buy in winter are __C___ in the greenhouse.A. natured (born to be)B. cultivated (->culture文化)C. nurtured (养育)D. nourished (提供营养)7. The students protested in front of American consulate (领事馆). They had no motives (动机) but those of ___B__ patriotism (爱国主义).A. absolute(绝对的)B. sheer (only纯粹的)C. pureD. complete8. The children ___A__ while (they are) building forts (要塞) with toy bricks (砖).A. roughhouse (fight)B. handleC. (pretense->)pretendD. behave9. The building is __D___ south and north.A. allocated (assign分配)B. guided (导游)C. operated (操纵)D. oriented (取…坐向)10. His (fail->) failure in business is largely due to __A__.A. timidity(胆怯)B. quality(质量)C. characteristics(特性特征)D. behavior (行为)II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.settle down facilitatemodify subtleconsequence verbally sympathy cope with academic instincthave/has access to sternlyaggression systematicallynurture1. Chinese national troops are on the alert against any possible aggression.2. This government has systematically taken actions to renew its economy.3. Most people have sympathy for the old lady for her (lose->lost->lost->) loss of the only son in the accident4. He is a (journal=magazine->) journalist (新闻工作者->journalism新闻学) whose subtle views on the hard issues of our time are rooted in a tough mind (heart) and5. I was (amuse逗人乐->) amazed (surprised) at her ability to cope with the difficult situation.6. He is one of the few scientists in this military base who have access to the restricted area.7. By the age of two most children have begun to communicate verbally (=orally).8. Modern devices such as micro-wave oven facilitate domestic work, and free (vt. set sb. free) people to have more (entertain->) entertainments (娱乐).9. This university is composed of five academic schools (department系).10. The industrial revolution modified (alter<->) the whole structure of English-speaking society.TranslationPut the following paragraph into English.在只有母亲或只有父亲的家庭里长大的孩子将会极大地缺乏自信、独立及安全感。

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