geoffreyChaucer英美文学

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英美文学杰弗里乔叟 Geoffrey Chaucer

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And the small fowl are making melody That sleep away the night with open eye (so nature pricks them and their heart engages) 小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美，
坎特伯雷故事集
Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the London dialect, so profusely used by the poet.
couplet)
E.g. A thousand times have I heard men telle That there is joye in heven and peyne in helle (alliterative verse---- metrical form)
laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse
Geoffrey Chaucer
LOGO
Position of Geoffrey Chacuer
a. the father of English poetry b. the father of English fiction c. the forerunner of English renaissance d. one of the greatest narrative poets of England e. the first poet who wrote in English language f. the first English realistic poet

英美文学作家作品集合

杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer，1340年—1400年），英国中世纪著名作家，出生于一个酒商家庭。

1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。

乔叟当过国王侍从，出使许多欧洲国家，两度访问意大利，发现了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的作品，对他的文学创作起了极大的作用。

代表作：《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）其他作品《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women)以及《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde)。

乔叟于1400年10月25日在伦敦逝世，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂里的“诗人之角”。

乔叟的死因不明，可能是被谋杀，英国的中世纪研究专家特里·琼斯曾出了一本书《谁谋杀了乔叟？》。

乔叟率先采用伦敦方言写作，并创作“英雄双行体”，对英国民族语言和文学的发展影响极大，故被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。

艾德蒙·斯宾塞（1552-1599）毕业于剑桥大学，著名英国诗人，尤以十四行诗著称。

在不少英国批评家眼中，斯宾塞是英国历史上最伟大的诗人之一，与其齐名的，仅莎士比亚、弥尔顿、华兹华斯等二三人而已。

从一个外国读者的眼中来看，他的诗无疑是优美可诵的，例如他写的十四行诗，就不比莎士比亚逊色。

可以爱情小唱（1595）第75首为例：有一天我把她的名字写在沙滩上，大浪冲来就把它洗掉。

我把她的名字再一次写上，潮水又使我的辛苦成为徒劳。

“妄想者，”她说，“何必空把心操，想叫一个必朽的人成为不朽！我知道我将腐烂如秋草，我的名字也将化为乌有。

” “不会，”我说，“让卑劣者费尽计谋而仍归一死，你却会声名长存，因为我的诗笔会使你的品德永留，还会在天上书写你的荣名。

英国文学史及选读Part III Geoffrey Chaucer

第五页，共65页。
Three periods of Chaucer's literary activity → Italian Period
Also among the works of this period are the unfinished
Legend of Good Women, a poem telling of nine classical heroines, which introduced the heroic couplet (two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) into English verse; the prose
第六页，共65页。
＊ rhyme royal(皇家韵诗;君王诗体)
a form of verse introduced into English by Chaucer, consisting of seven-line stanzas of iambic pentameter (抑扬格五音步 ) in which there are three rhymes, the first line rhyming with the third, the second with the fourth and fifth, and the sixth with the seventh (rhyming ababbcc).
第九页，共65页。
＊ rhyme royal --- example
– They flee from me that sometime did me seek – With naked foot, stalking in my chamber. – I have seen them gentle, tame, and meek, – That now are wild and do not remember – That sometime they put themself in danger – To take bread at my hand; and now they range, – Busily seeking with a continual change.

英美文学选读复习资料

英国文学选读复习资料一.Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事 (英国文学史的开端)人文主义先驱，the father of English poetry..第一个用英语写作的诗人。

二. William Shakespeare1.The four great tragedies by William Shakespeare are _Hamlet_, _Othello_, _King Lear_, Macbeth. 四大喜剧是A Midsummer Night's Dream ;As you like it ;Twelfth Night ;The merchant of Venice .the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟prose 散文1、文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。

2、代表人物：1)、John Donne 约翰.多恩The founder of the“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物代表作:Love lyrics:Songs and sonnets.The Flea.A Valediction: forbidding morning作品特点：① strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘)② novelty of subject matter an d point(新颖的题材和视角)③ novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)2)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人（ poem 诗歌 blank verse ）was a _radical puritan in politics and religion. 激进清教徒分子。

英美文学欣赏第四版知识点总结

英美文学欣赏第四版知识点总结1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.首次在英国文学，中世纪英国社会的全面逼真的画面，创造了从各行各业生动的人物整体画廊是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。

2. Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry.乔叟被看作是英国诗歌之父。

3. The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer.3.英雄对联的诗体被引入英国诗歌和诗与真正的轻松和魅力，第一次在英国文学的杰弗里·乔叟的历史就业。

4. The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether.4.坎特伯雷故事呈现生动的人物整体画廊，朝圣者的队伍，来自各行各业，其中包括31名成员共有人。

geoffreyChaucer英美文学

Position and Achievements
• the father of English Poetry—by John Dryden a. First to write in English Language, the London dialect in particular, making it the standard for modern English Speech and Literature. b. Inventor of heroic couplet. • an early humanist
The Canterbury Tales
• The Prologue (frame story) • When the sweet showers of April fall and shoot Down through the drought of March to piece the root, Bathing every vein in liquid power From which there springs the engendering of the flower, When also Zephyrus with his sweet breath Exhales an air in every grove and heath Upon the tender shoots, and the young sun
The Medieval English Literature (1066-1485)
• Impact of the Norman Conquest Establishment of the feudal order (One hundred years war (1337-1437); Wars of the Roses(1485) Peasants‟ revolts) Integration of French and English Language Affirmation of English Language:1415, king Henry V, English became official language • Representative: Geoffrey Chaucer (?13401400)

英美文学作品：GeoffreyChaucer

英美文学作品：GeoffreyChaucer英美文学作品：Geoffrey ChaucerBritish LiteratureGeoffrey ChaucerThe Canterbury TalesWilliam ShakespeareFrancis Bacon John Milton Daniel Defoe Hamlet The Merchant of Venice King Lear Othello Macbeth The Midsummer Night’s Dream Sonnet 18 Sonnet 29 Sonnet 106 Of Truth Of Studies Paradise Lost (book I) Sonnet: On His Blindness Sonnet: On His Deceased WifeRobinson CrusoeHenry FieldingThe History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingThomas Gray William Blake Robert BurnsWilliam Wordsworth Byron ShelleyJohn Keats Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard London The Tiger The Chimney Sweeper A Red, Red Rose My Heart’s in the Highlands I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud When We Two Parted She Walks in Beauty To a Sky-LarkOde to a NightingaleTo AutumnJane AustenPride and PrejudiceCharles DickensOliver TwistDavid CopperfieldWilliam Makepeace ThackerayVanity FairCharlotte BronteJane EyreWuthering HeightsAlfred Lord TennysonBreak, Break, BreakRobert BrownMy Last DutchessThomas HardyTess of the D’UrbervillesJohn GalsworthyThe Man of PropertyOscar WildeThe Importance of Being EarnestGeorge Bernard ShawMrs. Warren’s ProfessionJoseph ConradHeart of DarknessWilliam Butler YeatsWhen You Are OldVirginia WoolfD. H. LawrenceAmerican literature Benjamin Franklin Philip FreneauNathaniel Hawthorne Henry David Thoreau Herman Melville Walt Whitman Mrs. Dalloway Sons and Lovers Poor Richard’s Almanack The Autobiography The Wild Honey Suckle The Scarlet letter Walden Moby-DickSong of MyselfMark Twain Theodore Dreiser Jack London Robert Frost Ezra PoundF.Scott Fitzgerald William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway JohnSteinbeck Toni Morrison The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn Sister Carrie The Call of the Wild The Road Not Taken Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening In a Station of the Metro The Great Gatsby A Rose for Emily The Old Man and the Sea Of Mice and Men The Grapes of Wrath。

英美文学PPT chaucer

Chaucer’s Life
• Born to a middle class family. • His father was a wine merchant who believed his child should have a formal education. • He became a page to an important family and was so respected that when he was captured as a soldier during the Hundred Year’s war, a king paid his ransom. • He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.
The prologue provides a framework for the tales. It contains a group of vivid sketches of typical medieval figures. It provides a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.
30 pilgrims in Tabard Inn in spring Two stories each on the way out and two on the way back, but only 24 tales finished (including 4 fragmentary incomplete tales) 30 pilgrims, would be 120 stories. But Chaucer had actually completed only 22 stories, with two more existing in fragments.

Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟英文简介

While he achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, alchemist and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his ten-year-old son Lewis, Chaucer also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, the Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, he is best known today for The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer was a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin

英美文学重点作者汇总情况

一、早期和中世纪的英国文学◆Geoffrey Chaucer ii1.简介：Geoffrey Chaucer is the founder of English poetry and a forerunner ofhumanism. He was regarded as the founder of English realism. 代表作：Troilusand Criseyde《特洛伊斯洛与克瑞西达》(改变于意大利)；The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》（包括：“The Prologue”《总序》；“The Wife of Bath”《巴斯妇人》）。

●The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》的影响：①It shows a true-to-lifepicture of Chaucer’s time. (之所以说乔叟是The founder of realism，是因为早期英国文学歌颂英雄(Anglo-Saxon poetry)，中期英国文学歌颂骑士精神(TheRomance)，之后虽然有了piers the plowman,也不曾直接写社会不公，直到乔叟真实描写中世纪及各层人民。

) ②Taking from the stand of rising bourgeoisie,Chaucer affirms men and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by theChurch. ③His tales expose and satirize the evils of his time, attackdegeneration of the noble, the corruption of the Church.2.语言特色/贡献：①He is the first great poet who wrote in the English language.②He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especiallythe Heroic couplet to English poetry. ③He is good at the terza rima, whichmakes his language a high style.二、英国文艺复兴◆Thomas More ii1.简介：Thomas More is an English humanism churchman. 代表作：Utopia《乌托邦》。

英美文学杰弗里乔叟GeoffreyChaucer资料

Prologue
Each of the narrators reveals his or her own views and character. Chaucer created a striking brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. And thus Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached a high level of power. It is no exaggeration to say that the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time. Looking at his picture gallery, we know at once how people lived in that era. So Chaucer was praised as “the father of English realism”.
thefirstenglishrealisticpoetpage3?1357年做宫廷侍童?1359年参加对法作战时被俘翌年由国王赎回?1361年1367年在内殿法学协会受训?1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚此后多次代表爱德华三世出使欧洲大陆到过比利时法国意大利等国有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响
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(a)French influence (1360-1372)
Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》 trans.
The Book of the Duchess（1369）《悼公爵夫人书》

英美文学杰弗里乔叟GeoffreyChaucer资料

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The Canterbury Tales
坎特伯雷故事集
Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the London dialect, so profusely used by the poet.
trans.(Boethius 波伊提乌，Roman)
400)
Complaint to His Empty Purse (1399)《致空囊》 The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》 (Masterpiece)
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The most vigorous有力的；精力充沛的 character is the larger-than-life Wife of Bath
The crudest粗野的，缺乏教养的 character is the Miller磨坊主；碾磨工
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Prologue
The Prologue开场 is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. From the Prologue, we can see that Chaucer is a talented portrait painter. Each of the pilgrims or narrators is presented vividly in the Prologue. The pilgrims are people from various parts of England. They are the representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predilections.

英语专八英美文学作品及作者简介

英语专八英美文学作品及作者简介☆英国文学名家名著《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁·撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。

史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。

后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。

杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。

主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。

作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。

他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。

威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。

他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。

他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。

莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。

主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。

此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。

英国文学第一课第二讲坎特伯雷故事-乔叟

Chaucer’s Literary Career
1.
The period of French influence(1359-1372): The Book of the Duchess, The Romance of the Rose
2.
The Period of Italian influence(1372-1386):The House of Fame,
Chaucer’s contributions to English language

Chaucer’s language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. His verse is smooth. He introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which was later called the ―heroic couplet‖ to English poetry. Though drawing influence from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. His production of so much excellent poetry was an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country. The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.

英美文学作家

英国：Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗里·乔叟）: He is the father of English poetry. He was buried in the Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “…Poets‟Corner”. As a forerunner of humanism, he praised man‟s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集）is his masterpiece. He made great contribution to the English language.Sir Thomas Malory（托马斯·马洛礼）: The author of The Death of Arthur《亚瑟王之死》, which tells the whole life of King Arthur. It was he who finally compiled together the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. He is a knight. He made great contribution to the development of English prose.Edmund Spenser（爱德蒙·斯宾塞): He is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poetic effusions.The Faerie Queene《仙后》is Spenser‟s masterpiece, which is an unfinished allegorical romance.Christopher Marlowe（克里斯托弗·马洛）: He was the most gifted of the University Wits. He perfected the blank verse and made it the principle medium of English drama. His first play is Tamburlaine the Great《帖木儿大帝》. Dr. Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧》is his masterpiece.Marlowe is the only dramatist of the time who is ever compared with Shakespeare.Francis Bacon（弗朗西斯·培根）: He is a representative of the English renaissance, a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. He is regarded as the chief figure in English prose in the first half of the 17th century and his essays began the long tradition of the English essay in the history of English literature. The most wildly read works are his essays, of Studies, of Friendship, of Truth.John Donne（约翰·多恩）: He is a Jacobean(詹姆士一世）poet and preacher, representative of the metaphysical poets of this period. Donne wrote little secular(现世的）poetry, instead, he devoted all his time and efforts to his priestly duties, writing sermons and religious poems.George Herbert(乔治·赫伯特）: He was called “the saint of the Metaphysical school”. He is a devout(虔诚的) Anglican clergyman who believes that a poet should sing the glory of God. Virtue《美德》is one of his masterpieces.Ben Jonson(本·琼森）：He is an English renaissance dramatist and poet. His reputation as a playwright has traditionally been associated with Shakespeare, and his reputation as a poet has been compared to that of John Donne. Song to Celia《致西莉亚》is famous.John Milton(约翰·弥尔顿）：Milton is political in both his life and his art. He is a master of the blank verse. He is a great stylist. The revolutionary enthusiasm of thebourgeois revolution and the bitter hatred for the despotic(暴虐的）ruler is best shown in his works. Paradise Lost《失乐园》is his masterpiece.John Bunyan(约翰·班扬）：He is a religious novelist whose style is modeled after of the English Bible. He was the chief Puritan writer of prose. He is known for his simple and lively prose style. The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》is his masterpiece, which theme is every Christian has to take in his inner heart a journey in order to be saved.John Dryden(约翰·德莱顿）：He is one of the leading writers in the Restoration period. Following the standards of classicism, he established the heroic couplet. He is the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th century.Daniel Defoe(丹尼尔·笛福): He is known as a pioneer novelist of England and also a prolific writer of books and pamphlets on a great variety of subjects. He was a businessman and did not have much knowledge of the classics. Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》and Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》are two of his famous books.Jonathan Swift(乔纳森·斯威夫特): He is a master of satires. He is a member of the Anglican Church. He was a church man and a university graduate. He viewed human society with contempt and has been called a cynic（愤世嫉俗者）and even a misanthrope.(厌恶人类的人. A Modest Proposal《一个谦卑的建议》is one of his famous books. Gulliver’s Travels《格列弗游记》is his masterpiece.Henry Fielding(亨利·菲尔丁): He is a dramatist, an essayist and a novelist. His fame is established chiefly upon his success as a novelist. He is the founder of the English realistic novel. The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling《弃儿汤姆·琼斯的故事》is regarded as Fielding‟ s masterpiece.William Blake(威廉·布莱克): The distinctive feature of his poetry is the symbolism in wide range. His most well known poems are collected in two collections. They are Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》and Songs of Experience《经验之歌》. These two collections reflect “ two contrary states of human soul”. His first book of poem was Poetical Sketches《素描诗集》.William Wordsworth(威廉·华兹华斯): He published Lyrical Ballads 《抒情诗歌》in collaboration with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It can be read as a declaration of romanticism. Wordsworth is most celebrated for his poetry of nature. His love for nature is boundless. He is one of lake poets.Samuel Taylor Coleridge(塞缪尔·柯尔律治): He is one of the lake poets. His representative work is The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》. Another well known poem is Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗）. He and Wordsworth are regarded as two greatest progenitors(先驱) of the English Romantic spirit.George Gordon Byron(乔治·戈登·拜伦): Byron makes a great contribution to the English Literature, which is the literary figure of the “Byronic Hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. Don Juan《唐璜》is his masterpiece.Percy Bysshe Shelley(珀西·比希·雪莱): He is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language. He formed rebellious thoughts. Though he was very gentle by nature, he disgusted(厌恶) all the unjust things and tyranny of the governing class so he wrote many works to express his rebellious thoughts. Queen Mab《麦布女王》is his first important poem.John Keats(约翰·济慈): He is considered as a remarkable master of lyrical poetry, a consummate(完美的) artist in poetical language, a singer and an advocate of the cult(狂热) of beauty, a writer of “pure poetry”, a sort of “art for art‟s sake” dreamer who steeps(浸) himself in poetic fancy and fantasy and has little interest in social or political problems of his day. On First Looking into Chapman’ s Homer《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》is the most important of Keats‟ early sonnets.Charles Lamb(查尔斯·兰姆): Charles Lamb was a famous essayist in the English Romantic period. He is best known for his Essays of Elia《伊利亚随笔选》and children‟s book Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚故事集》. Lamb has been referred as the most lovable figure in English literature, and his influence on the English essay can not be overestimated.Walter Scott(瓦尔特·司各特): He is a famous historical novelist in the English Romantic period. Scott made his fame by his novels, which are not only characterized by romantic elements, but also are noted for their realistic description of historical events. Critics agreed that the English Romantic period ended when Scott died. Scott paves the way to realism and marks the transition from Romanticism to Realism. Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》is his representative work.Charles Dickens(查尔斯·狄更斯): He is one of the greatest critical realists in the Victorian Age. He paid lots of attention to the social problems. He showed great sympathy and love for the poor people and exposed all the injustice, hypocrisy, corruption in the bourgeois society. Dombey and Son《董贝父子》and Bleak House 《荒凉山庄》are two of his representative works.William Makepeace Thackeray(威廉·麦克皮斯·萨克雷): He is one of the greatest critical realists in the Victorian Age. He mainly described the lives of the upper and the middle classes. He was a cynic who saw no good in anything and doubted the goodness of human nature. Vanity Fair《名利场》is his masterpiece.Lord Alfred Tennyson(阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生): He is one of the “The Big Three” of Victorian poets. He was given the title of “Poet of the People”. His famous books are :Break, Break, Break《拍吧，拍吧，拍吧》，Ulysses《尤利西斯》，In Memnoriam A.H.H《悼念》》Robert Browning(罗伯特·布朗宁): He is considered to be the most original poet of the Victorian Age. He was bold and unconventional in matter and style. He is noteworthy for the dramatic monologue. In his dramatic monologues, he penetrates to the psychology of his characters and through their own speeches, he analyzes his characters and reveals the innermost(最深处的) secret of their lives. The poem My Last Duchess《我已故的公爵夫人》is one of the most representative of his dramatic monologues.Matthew Arnold(马修·阿诺德): He was both a British poet and a literary critic. He has been characterized as a sage(圣人) writer, a type of writer who chastises(责骂) and instructs the reader on contemporary social issues. Arnold started his literary career as a poet and he became one of the typical poets in Victorian Age. His most famous poetry is Dover Beach《多佛海滩》. Most of his poetic production is beautiful, often formally impressive.Charlotte Bronte(夏洛特·勃朗特):She introduced the first governess(女家庭教师) novel in the history of English literature. She is the forerunner of the feminism.She gave voice to the feelings and aspirations of the educated women of her age. Jane Eyre is her masterpiece. She is one of “the Bronte sisters”.Thomas Hardy(托马斯·哈代): Living at the turn of the century, he is often regarded as a transitional writer. His works reflect the transition of the English literature from the Victorian Age to Modern Age. Hardy started off the tradition of “regional novels”. Most of his novels are set in Wessex, a fictional primitive region. He is the representative person of Naturalism. Tess of D’ Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》is his masterpiece.George Bernard Shaw(乔治·伯纳·萧)：He is considered to be the best known English dramatist since William Shakespeare. Shaw was awarded the Nobel Price. He expressed his views on a variety of subjects with great frankness and wit. Shaw was strongly against the credo “Art for art‟s sake”. He held that art should serve social purpose by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people. Major Barbara《芭芭拉少校》is one of his masterpieces.James Joyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯): He is one of the most prominent literary figures of the 20th century. His works shows a unique synthesis(综合) of realism, the “Stream of Consciousness”and symbolism. All his poems has the same setting——Ireland, especially Dublin, and the same subject——the Irish people and their life. Ulysses《尤利西斯》is one of his major books.John Osborne(约翰·奥斯本): He is an English playwright and screenwriter. Thesuccess of his play Look Back in Anger《愤怒的回顾》transformed the post-war English theater. He is the example of the Angry Young Men with his play Look Back in Anger.Samuel Beckett(贝克特): His philosophy is complete pessimism. Man‟s reason is is unreliable. Truth does not exist, or if it does, man can never know it, because no human acts have meaning or purpose and life as a whole is tedious. There is no hope of communication with other human beings, for we are all unreal or false to one another. Waiting for Godot is his masterpiece.Iris Murdoch(爱丽丝·默多克): She is an Irish-born British author and philosopher, best known for her novels about political and social questions of good and evil, sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious. Her works include A Severed Head《砍掉的头》, The Black Prince《黑衣王子》, and so on.William Golding(威廉·戈尔丁): He won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Apart from writing, his occupations include being a schoolmaster, a lecture, an actor, a sailor, and a musician. Lord of the Flies《蝇王》is his masterpiece.V.S.Naipaul(维·苏·奈保尔): He is a British novelist and essayist. He is the author of more than twenty books of fiction and nonfiction. He was awarded Nobel Prize for Literature. He is one of the best three migrant writers in English literature. Between Father and Son is one of his best known nonfictional works. In a Free State is one of his best known fictional works.Martin Amis(马丁·艾米斯): He is an English novelist. He is probably the most widely acclaimed writer in contemporary Britain. His best known novels are Money:A Suicide Note《钞票：绝命书》and London Fields《伦敦场地》. He has been listed for the Booker Prize twice.Seamus Heaney(谢默斯·希尼): He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. His poetry consists of mainly two genres: First,, the observed and recollected facts of his early rural experience. Second, the psychological meditation on the violence in Northern Ireland. His poetic language is recommended for the vivid description of details and profound philosophical meditation.Death of a Naturalist《自然主义者之死》is one of his best known works.Oscar Wilde(奥斯卡·王尔德): He is one of the most accomplished writers in the Victorian Age, the advocator of “ art for art‟s sake”. He expresses a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper class in his plays. He is a spokesman for the “aesthetic movement”. The Picture of Dorain Gray《道林·格雷的画像》and The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要性》are regarded as his masterpieces.美国：Jonathan Edwards(乔纳森·爱德华兹)：Puritanism is a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and levelheaded common sense. Jonathan Edwards represents the former aspect, and Franklin the latter. All of his endeavors contributed to bringing about the Great Awakening“. His works include The Freedom of the Will《论意志自由》, Personal Narrative《自述》, and so on.Benjamin Franklin(本杰明·富兰克林): He is one of the “Founding Fathers of the United States of America” and the prestigious(有名望的) diplomat who endeavored to gain the support from France during the Independent War which made the formation of United States possible. The Autobiography《自传》could be seen as the representative work of Franklin.Philip Freneau(菲利普·弗瑞诺): He is a “poet of the American Revolution” and the “father of American Poetry”. In his generation, he tried to bring the innovation to the American poetry. And he tried to see the native American‟s life and the vast continent of America. His most important works include the poems The Rising Glory of America《美洲光辉的兴起》，The Wild Honey Suckle《野忍冬花》，The Indian Burying Ground《印第安人殡葬地》.Washington Irving()华盛顿·欧文）：Irving has been called “Father of the American short story”. He is the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame, so he is also regarded as father of American literature. He plays an important role in inspiring American romanticism with his masterpiece Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·凡·温克尔》and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》.James Fennimore Cooper(詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库伯): His historical romances of frontier and Indian life in the early American days created a unique form of American literature. He was one of the first authors to write about the American Westward Movement. He created a myth about the formative period of the American nation. Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子故事集》is his masterpiece.Ralph Waldo Emerson: He is a leading person of New England Transcendentalism. One major element of his philosophy is his firm belief in the transcendence of the “Oversoul”. His emphasis on the spirit runs through virtually all his writings. Nature 《论自然》is his masterpiece, which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism.Edgar Allan Poe(埃德加·艾伦·坡):He is a romantic poet who is preoccupied with the subject of the death of one‟s beloved lover of great intelligence and beauty. His poems are heavily tinted(着色) in a dreamy, hallucinatory（引起幻觉的）color. The Raven《乌鸦》is a good example. And as a short story writer, he was a fascinating man of imagination.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(亨利·沃兹沃斯·费罗): He is among the first ofAmerican writers to use native themes. A Psalm to Life《人生礼赞》is his most famous poem that encourages people to preserve despite tragedy. Poems on Slavery 《奴役篇》is his another famous work.Henry David Thoreau(亨利·大卫·梭罗): He was an active Transcendentalist. He saw nature as a genuine restorative, healthy influence on man‟s spiritual well-being, and regarded it as a symbol of the spirit. He was very critical of modern civilization.. Walden《瓦尔登湖》is his masterpiece.Nathaniel Hawthorne(纳撒尼尔·霍桑): He is a master of symbolism. He has an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart” of man‟s being. All his life, Hawthorne seems to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life. The Scarlet Letter《红字》is his masterpiece，which established him as the leading American native novelist of the 19th century.Herman Melville(赫尔曼·麦尔维尔): He was best known as the author of one book, Moby Dick which is considered as the world‟s greatest masterpieces. Influenced by Hawthorne he changed his original design of Moby Dick《莫比·迪克》Walt Whitman(沃尔特·惠特曼): He is a great poet with a strong sense of mission. His best known work, Leaves of Grass《草叶集》，broke with the poetic convention, and its sexuality and exotic and vulgar language brought harsh criticisms on it.Emily Dickinson(艾米莉·狄更生): She explores the inner life of the individual. His poetry is a clear illustration of her religious-ethical and political-social ideas. On the ethical level Dickinson emphasizes free will and human responsibilities. The themes of her poetry concern about religion, life, death, love and marriage, immortality, nature, eternity.William Dean Howells(威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯): He is the champion of realism. He writes about the rising middle class and the way they live. His famous work, The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕母的发迹》is a fine specimen of American realistic writing.Mark Twain(马克·吐温): He should be remembered both as a great literary artist and a great social critic in the history of the United States. He describes the lower class of American society and is famous for colloquial style and localism. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝里·芬历险记》is his masterpiece. Henry James(亨利·詹姆斯): He describes the upper class of the American society. He is famous for psychological realism. His fame rested largely upon his handling of his major fictional fame, “the international fame”. His famous books include The Portrait of a Lady《贵妇人的画像》, The Ambassadors《使节》, etc.Stephen Crane(斯蒂芬·克莱恩): He is considered as the founder of the terse laconic(简明的) school of Hemingway and the war writers. He was a pioneer writing in the naturalistic tradition. His famous books include: The Red badge of Courage 《红色英雄勋章》，Maggie: A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎玛吉》，etc.Theodore Dreiser(西奥多·德莱塞): He is generally acknowledged as one of American literary naturalists. He retained a strong sympathy for communism and joined Communist Party shortly before his death. He was left-oriented in his views. He was widely read in literature. Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》is his masterpiece.Jack London(杰克·伦敦): He is considered as the founder of psychological realism. His famous works include: Marin Eden《马丁·伊登》，The Law of Life《生命的法则》，etc.Ezra Pound(艾兹拉·庞德)：He is regarded as “the father of modern American poetry” and the “most influential leader of the Imagist Movement.”William Carlos Williams(威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯): His poetic power stems from his clear vision of the real world.He feels strongly that poetry must be grounded in everyday experience and in the speech of the common man. It must use the common meters of living speech. The Red Wheelbarrow《红色手推车》is his representative work.Robert Frost(罗伯特·弗罗斯特): He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech. The Road Not Taken 《未选择的路》is one of his masterpieces. He has been linked with the tradition of nature poetry.T.S Eliot(艾略特)：He is a great modernist poet, an important verse dramatist and a great prose writer. His poetry was becoming noted for its fresh visual imagery, its flexible tone, and highly expressive rhythm. The Waste Land《荒原》is his masterpiece, which gives a picture of the spiritual ruins in Europe after the end of World War I. Wallace Stevens(华莱士·史蒂文斯): He is sharply against Eliot‟s earlier pessimism and later religious attitude. He was absolutely committed to the notion that a poet lives in two worlds——the world of reality and the world of imagination——and builds bridges between them. Anecdote of the Jar《坛子的轶事》is one of his famous works.Carl Sandburg(卡尔·桑伯格）：He is one of the Mid-West prairie poets that became known in the Chicago Renaissance. He was optimistic. He saw an America of “tomorrows” and wrote about it in his poems such as “the Prairie”. His attitude toward the industrial and mechanical civilization that America was developing was essentially affirmative.E.E Cummings(卡敏斯): He is the most interesting experimentalist in modern American poetry. He is a symbol of the modern pioneering spirit in modern American literary history.Hart Crane(哈特·克莱恩): He was one of the best American poets of the twentieth century. Crane was a voracious(贪婪的）reader. He has his own views on poets and poetry. Bridge《桥》is one of his famous works.F.Scott.Fitzgerald(弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德）：He is widely regarded as one of twentieth century‟s greatest writers. His greatness lies in the fact that he found intuitively, in his personal experience, the embodiment of that of the nation and created a myth out of American life. The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》is his masterpiece.Ernest Hemingway(欧内斯特·海明威）：He was regarded as the most important spokesman for the Lost Generation. He received Nobel Prize for Literature. His famous style——“Iceberg Principle” that emphasizes simplicity and economy of expression. Almost all his stories deal with the theme of courage in the face of tragedy. They reveal man‟s impotence and despairing courage to assert himself against overwhelming odds. These heroes are called “The Hemingway Code Hero”.Sinclair Lewis(辛克莱·刘易斯）：The first American author to win the Noble Prize, Sinclair Lewis has been called the worst important writer in American Literature. He was a sociological writer. His novels form a segment of American social history. Babbit《巴比特》is one of his famous works.Sherwood Anderson(舍伍德·安德森）：His works‟ influence on American fiction is profound, and its literary voice can be heard in Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, and others. One of his famous woks are Winesburg Ohio《小镇畸人》.Willa Gather(薇拉·凯瑟）：She was one of the few “uneasy survivors of the 19th century. Hanging onto the traditional values, she never able to come to terms with modernity. She has a deep-seated(根深蒂固的) abhorrence(痛恨) for the modern present with all its amenities(愉快) and contrivances(发明）.William Faulkner(威廉·福克纳）：He is the foremost southern writer of the 20th century. His theme is essentially an analysis of the underlying cause for failure and decay of modern society. Light in August《八月之光》is his masterpiece.John Dos Passos(约翰·多斯·阳索斯): In a sense the thirties can be called the decade of John Dos Passos. He is the leading naturalist of the Depression, and hismasterpiece, U.S.A《美国三部曲》was probably the best work that came out of the period. Of all the major literary figures involved in the turbulence(动荡) of modern American life, he experienced most the agony of having to do an about-face(沉底改变) in his political outlook.John Steinbeck(约翰·斯坦贝克）：He is considered as the foremost writer of the Great Depression during the 1930s. His novels mainly dealt with the migration of agriculture workers during the Great Depression. The Grapes of Wrath(愤怒的葡萄）is his masterpiece.Eugene O’Neill(尤金·奥尼尔): He is regarded as America‟s greatest play wright and he is the only dramatist in American literary history so far to win a Nobel Prize. His important works include: The Emperor Jones《琼斯皇帝》，The Hairy Ape《毛猿》，and on on.Arthur Miller(阿瑟·米勒）：He is one of the leading figures of the post-war American dramatists.He is a great play wright of social philosophy, concerned with the inner thoughts of individuals and their conflicts with the morality of their society. Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》is his masterpiece.John Updike(约翰·厄普代克）：He is an American novelist, poet, short-story writer,art critic, and literary critic. Updike‟ s most famous works are his Rabbit series.Joseph Heller(约瑟夫·海勒）：He is an American satirical novelist, short-story writer and playwright. Catch-22《第二十二条军规》is his masterpiece about American servicemen during World War II. Although he is remembered primarily for Catch-22, his other works center on the lives of various members of the middle class and remain examples of modern satire.Eudora Welty(尤多拉·韦尔蒂): She is an American author who writes about stories and novels about the American South. Her book The Optimist’s Daughter 《乐观者的女儿》won the Pulitzer Prize.Saul Bellow(索尔·贝娄): He is famous for his narrative skills and for his studies of Jewish-American life. He was awarded the Nobel Prize. Herzog《赫尔佐格》is his masterpiece.Bernard Malamud(伯纳德·马拉默德）：He is an author of novels and short stories. Along with Saul Bellow and Philip Roth, he is one of the great American Jewish authors of the 20th century. The Assistant《店员》is one of his important works.J.D.Salinger(杰罗姆·戴维·塞林格）：He is an American author, best known for his novel Catcher in the Rye《麦田里的守望者》, as well as his reclusive(隐居的) nature.Ralph Ellison(拉尔夫·埃里森): He is a novelist, literary critic, scholar and writer. Ellison is best know for his novel I nvisible Man《看不见的人》，which won the National Book Award.Toni Morrison(托尼·莫里森): She is a Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize winning American novelist, editor and professor. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed black characters. Song of Solomon《所罗门之歌》is one of his important works.Allen Ginsberg(艾伦·金斯堡): He is an American poet who vigorously opposed militarism and sexual repression. He was a leading figure of the Beat Generation. Howl 《嚎叫》is his masterpiece.Tennessee Williams(田纳西·威廉斯): He is an American playwright who receives many of the top theatrical awards for his woks of drama.His plays portray the loneliness and isolation of modern man, The Glass Menagerie《玻璃动物园》is his masterpiece.。

英美文学史重要作家介绍

1.Geoffrey Chaucer (the founder of English poetry)Geoffrey Chaucer was an English author, poet, and philosopher. He is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales. Sometimes called the father of English literature, Chaucer is credited by some scholars as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular Middle English, rather than French or Latin.Chaucer literary Career1. The French period (1360s~1372) Under the influence of French poetryWorks: The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰的故事》2. Italian period (1372~1385) Under the influence of Italian RenaissanceWorks: The House of Fame《声誉之堂》Troylus and Criseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》3. English period (1385~1400) Free from any foreign influenceWorks：The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集Representative ProjectsTroylus and Criseyde (c. 1383) is a poem re-tells in Middle English the tragic story of the lovers Troilus and Criseyde set against a backdrop of war in the Siege of Troy. It was composed using rime royale and probably completed during the mid 1380's.Influence: The poem had an important legacy for later writers. Many Chaucer scholars regard it as the poet's finest work. As a finished long it is certainly more self-contained than the better known but ultimately uncompleted Canterbury Tales.The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) is a collection of stories written in Middle English at the end of the 14th century. The tales (mostly in verse诗, although some are in prose散文) are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwarkto the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.Influence: The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece代表作and one of the monumental works重要作品in English literature. He uses the tales and the descriptions of the characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church. Structurally, the collection bears the influence of The Decameron十日谈.ContributionHe introduced from Italy and France the rhymed stanza押韵的小节of various types，especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (“heroic couplet”英雄双韵体) to English poetry. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language.2. Shakespeare流派：The English Renaissance, realism, humanism.His main works:The greatest comedies: <A midsummer night’s dream> <The merchant of Venice> <As you like it> <Twelfth night>The great tragedies: <Hamlet> <Othello> <King Lear> <Macbeth>The histories: <King John> <Richard II> <Henry IV> <Henry V> <Richard III>Poems: <Venus and Adonis> <The rape of Lucrece> <Shakespeare’s Sonnets> <A lover’s complaint> <Funeral elegy by W.S.>主要作品的内容：<Hamlet>The play, set in the Kingdom of Denmark, recounts how Prince Hamletexacts revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering the old King Hamlet, Claudius's own brother and Prince Hamlet's father, and then succeeding to the throne and marrying Gertrude, the King Hamlet's widow and mother of Prince Hamlet. The play vividly charts the course of real and feigned madness—from overwhelming grief to seething rage—and explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption. Hamlet is without question the most famous play in the English language, is a milestone in Shakespeare's dramatic development; the playwright achieved artistic maturity in this work through his brilliant depiction of the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.<A midsummer night’s dream>It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of the Duke of Athens, Theseus, and the Queen of the Amazons, Hippolyta. These include the adventures of four young Athenian lovers and a group of amateur actors, who are manipulated by the fairies who inhabit the forest in which most of the play is set. The play is one of Shakespeare's most popular works for the stage and is widely performed across the world.<King Lear>King Lear is a tragedy considered to be one of his greatest works, in which the title character descends into madness from the consequences of foolishly disposing of his estate between two of his three daughters based on their flattery. The play is based on the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological pre-Roman Celtic king. It has been widely adapted for stage and screen, with the role of Lear played by many of the world's most accomplished actors.Features(contributions) of Shakespeare’s drama:1. Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature.2. Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of adaptation.3. Shakespeare’s long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic artthus acquired make him a master –hand for play- writing.4. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the Song, the sonnet, the couplet, and thedramatic blank verse.5. Shakespeare was a great master of the English language.文学地位：Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individually, several of them are among the world's finest written works; taken collectively, they establish Shakespeare as the foremost literary talent of his own Elizabethan Age and, even more impressively, as a genius whose creative achievement has never been surpassed in any age.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over. Shakespeare's work has made a lasting impression on later theatre and literature. In particular, he expanded the dramatic potential of characterisation, plot, language, and genre. Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens. In Shakespeare's day, English grammar, spelling and pronunciation were less standardized than they are now, and his use of language helpedshape modern English.The popularity of Shakespeare is a worldwide phenomenon. His name has been known to China for more than a hundred years, and many of his plays have been widely read among Chinese people.3. John Milton流派:ClassicalismHis main works:1st period:The poems: <L’allegro> <II Pensieroso><Comus>, a masque<Lycidas>, a pastoral elegy2nd period:<Aeropagitica>, a pamphlet against censorship3rd period:<Paradise lost> <Paradise regained> <Samson agonistes>主要作品内容：<Paradise lost>It’s Milton’s masterpiece. The epic poem consists of 12 books, containing about ten thousand lines in blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter). Based on the Old Testament, it tells the story of Satan’s revolt against God, the temptation of Adam and Eve, and their expulsion from Paradise. The themes of <Paradise lost>:Main theme →the story of man’s fallSecondary themes:Pride →it leads to Satan’s downfallEnvy →coming from Satan’s prideRevenge → it makes Satan tempt Adam and EveInfidelity → Adam betrays God by siding with EveDisobedience → Adam and Eve disobey GodRepentance → Adam and Eve repentRedemption → Man is granted eternal salvation thanks to the sacrifice of the Son of God<Samson Agonistes>It’s a poetical drama modeled on the Greek tragedies. It deals with the story of Samson from the “Book of Judges” in the Old Testament. Samson is Milton. Samson’s miserable blind servitude among his enemies, his agonizing longing for sight and freedom, and the last terrible triumph all strongly suggests Milton’s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.文学地位：Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics and who is both a great poet and important prose writer. Milton is the greatest English poet after Shakespeare, was the one great literary figure who want tried seriously to combine Renaissance and Reformation.ton was political in both his life and his art.ton wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have been regardedas two patterns of English verse.ton is a master of the blank verse. He first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.ton is a great stylist. His style is never exactly natural. It’s art attained by definite andconscientious rhetorical devices.ton has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.4. Bunyan流派:The English Bourgeois revolution and restorationMain works:<The Pilgrim’s Progress>内容：The Pilgrim’s progress is a religious allegory(寓言). It tells of the spiritual pilgrim age of Christian, who flies from the city of Destruction, meets with the perils and temptations of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the demon Appollyon, and finally comes to the Delectale Mountains and the Celestial City. Though it’s an allegory, its characters impress the reader like real persons. One of the most remarkable passages is that in which Vanity Fair and the persecution of Christian and his friend Faithful are described. Bunyan cherished a deep hatred of both the king and his government.<The Pilgrim’s Progress>地位：The allegory of this book has antecedents in a large number of Christian devotional works that speak of the soul's path to Heaven, from the Lyke-Wake Dirge forward. Bunyan's allegory stands out above his predecessors because of his simple and effective, prose style, steeped in Biblical texts and cadences.其他影响：Bunyan’s prose is admirable. It’s popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and simplicity of the language of the English Bible. Spencer’s allegory in The Faerie Queene appears ornate when compared with Bunyan.6.SwiftKnown for being a master of two styles of satire: the Horatian贺瑞斯式and Juvenalian 尤利西斯式styles. Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose and a master satiristWorks: a tale of club and the battle of the books, which were published in 1704 and made him well-known as a satirist.Bickerstaff almanac (1708)Features: simple, clear, vigorous language, precise prose, powerful satireGulliver’s travels4 parts. The book presents itself as a simple traveller's narrative with the disingenuous title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, its authorship assigned only to "Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, then a captain of several ships". The text is presented as a first-person narrative by the supposed author, and the name "Gulliver" appears nowhere in the book other than the title page. The unabridged publications of the text begin with a fictional letter entitled "The Publisher to the Reader" and "A letter from Captain Gulliver to his cousin Sympson" which present the fact that the original account has been edited and publishedwithout the permission of Lemuel Gulliver. The book proper then is divided into four parts, which are as follows.A Tale of a Tub(1704) The Battle of the Books Bickerstaff AlmanacPamphlets on Ireland.Swift is one of the masters of English prose. His language is simple, clear and vigorous.DafoeDefoe was an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer, who gained fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest proponents of the novel, as he helped to popularise the form in Britain and is among the founders of the English novel. A prolific and versatile writer, he wrote more than 500 books, pamphlets and journals on various topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural).Robinson Crusoe 《鲁宾逊漂流记》Robinson Crusoe is one of the world’s most popular adventure novels. The story, based on the real adventure of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone in the uninhabited island Juan Fernandez for 5 years, is a work of sheer imagination.The story is about Robinson’s adventure on a deserted island.The Main Character：In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a native and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The story is told in the first person singular as if it was told by some sailor-adventurer himself. In this novel, Defoe created the image of a true empire-builder, a colonizer and a foreign trader, who has determination to preserve himself and improve his livelihood by struggling against nature.The significance of the novel：The supreme quality in Robinson Crusoe is its sense of reality, its lifelikeness. Defoe takes pains to convince his readers that what he is writing about is “real life”. The book expresses the epic theme of the power of the average man to preserve life and to organize economy in the face of the most unpromising environment.7. Henry FieldingNovelist, father of English novels, The Theatrical Licensing Act was passed in 1737 and ended his career as a dramatistHis first novel Joseph Andrews was published in 1742In 1749, he finished his great novel Tom Jones, showing the whole of the life of 18thcentury England as he saw it;Tom JonesCharacters:Tom: an abandoned baby adopted by Mr. Allworthy, who grows up to be a cheerful, open-hearted and handsome young manBlifil : the son of Mr. Allworthy’s sister, who is also brought up by Mr. Allworhty and grows up to be sly and faithlessSophia: the daughter of neighbor Squire Western, who is loved both by Tom and BlifilFielding as the Founder of the English Realistic Novel and set up the theory of realism in literary creation.His style: easy, unlabored轻易完成的, familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous and in logic and musical rhythm. His command of language was remarkable.All in all, he was, has been and still will be t he “father of English novel”. But his sympathy for the poor, and his contempt for the parasites靠他人为生的人, the exploiters and the oppressors aroused the anger of ruling classes.8. Samuel Johnsonthe great charm of literature：lexicographer词典编纂者，poet，criticWorks:13.Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)Samuel Johnson was a lexicographer, critic and poet. Became “the great cham of literature” and the literary men in London centered around him. “the greatest English man of letter” and “a great composer of dictionary”Works:1.Two satires in heroic couplets in imitation of Juvenal the Roman poet:London (1738)The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749)2.Life of Richard Savage (1744)3. Irene (1749), a tragedy4.Rasselas (1759)5. two periodicals: The Ramber (1750-52) and The Idler (1758-60)6.the most two important literary works:The Preface and comments of individual plays in his edition of Shakespeare (1765)Lives of Poets (1779-81)Johnson’s “Dictionary”Published in 1755;1.Marked an epoch in the study of the English study;2.Marked the end of the end of English writers’ reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support;3.Had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been described as “ a great work of scholarship”.“A letter to Lord Chesterfield”was the writer’s declaration of independence, signifying the opening of a new era in the development of literature.The Dictionary of the English Language《英语词典》marked the end of English writers’ reliance on the patronage of nobleman for support.London and The Vanity 自负of Human Wishes9. William Wordsworth (1770—1850)The representative poet of the early romanticism.As a child he cherished a love of nature (he learned more eagerly from flowers and hills and stars than from his books) , which he later expressed in his poetry1798Wordsworth and Coleridge(they became friends in 1797 and then lived together) jointly published the Lyrical Ballads抒情诗集。

英美文学Part III Geoffrey Chaucer

Part III George ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer (c.1340-1400) is the greatest writer of the period. He is considered as the founder of English poetry.These tales give a picture of English society in the 14th century.Most notable is what has been known as the "marriage group".Troilus and Criseyde is a long poem taken from Boccaccio, the famous Italian writer.Chaucer's contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet if iambic pentameter (to be called later the 'heroic couplet') to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer employed the heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.Chaucer’s literary career can be divided into three stages:French works translated from French: Romaunt of the RoseItalian works adopted from Italian (after Dante Divine Comedy, Petrarch and Boccaccio, Decameron)The House of Fame, The Legend of Good Women, Troylus and Criseyde) British(1386-1400) works written purely in English: The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales:The story: 29 pilgrims, and the poet on the way to Canterbury, stopped at an inn. At the proposal of the host of the Tabard Inn each was to tell 4 stories on the way to and back from Cant. The host was the judge of the contest, and the best teller should be treated with a free supper at the general expense upon their return to the inn. According Chaucer’s plan, 120 stories should be told, but only 24 were completed and preserved, 2 incomplete, 2 unfinished.Theme: Chaucer is influenced by the early Italian Renaissance, and he believes in man’s right to pursue earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate. He is always keen to praises man’s energy, adroitness, intellect, quick wit and love of life. He exposes and satirizes the social evils, esp. the religious abuses.The Prologue provides a framework for the tale, and it includes all classes except the royalty and the poorest peasant.t he 3 famous tales:A. the Wife of Bath’s tale of an Arthurian knightB. the Oxford clerk’s of a patient young ladyC. the Franklin小地主’s about a wife’s full submi ssion to her husband。

英美文学著名作家作品

英美文学著名作家作品1、 Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400 长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德小说：Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人）2、William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616 The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth 亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus 泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear 李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗3、Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）4、John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674 L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩; Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙5、John Bunyan班扬1628-1688 The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程;The Life and Death of Mr. Badman培德曼先生的一生6、Joseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign 远征；剧本：Cato加图名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险7、Richard Steele理查德·斯梯尔1672-1729 The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部8、Danniel Defoe丹尼尔·迪福1660-1731 （标志着近代英国小说的形成）Hymn to the Pillory枷刑颂;Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记;Captain Singleton辛格顿船长;Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯;A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年日记9、Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745 The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A Voyage toLilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of the Houyhnhnms 小人国/大人国/拉普他等地/智马国游记)10、Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744 Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书11、Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707-1754（英国现实主义小说的奠基者）剧本：The Coffeehouse Politician咖啡屋政客;Don Quixote in England 堂·吉诃德在英国;The Historical Register for the Year历史记事长篇小说：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams约瑟·安德鲁传;The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great 大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传;The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚12、Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰生1709-1784 A Dictionary of the English Language英语语言辞典;Lives of Poets诗人传;Vanity of Human Wishes 人类欲望的虚幻;Rasselas拉塞勒斯名文：Letter to Lord Chesterfield给吉士菲尔伯爵的信13、Oliver Goldsmith哥尔斯密1728-1774 The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传;The Citizen of the World世界公民;The Deserted荒村;She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱;The Rivals情敌；The School for Scsanda造谣学校14、William Blake布莱克1757-1827 Poetical Sketches素描诗集;Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌The French Revolution法国革命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻;America;Milton;Jerusalem名诗：London; The Tiger15、Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796 Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集名诗：The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae 苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;Holy Willie’s P rayer威利长老的祈祷;My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;John Anderson约翰·安德生,My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That不管身在何处都须保持尊严;Robert Bruce’s March to Bannockburn16、William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850 An Evening Walk黄昏漫步;Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;Lucy Poems露西组诗(She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways;To the Cuckoo杜鹃颂;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦人);Ode on Intimations of Immorality不朽颂;Ode to Duty义务颂;The Excursion远足;The Prelude序曲17、Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834 Lyrical Ballads;The Fall of the Bastille巴士底狱的毁灭;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老船夫;Kubla Khan忽必烈汗;Biographia Literaria文学传记18、Walter Scott瓦尔特·司各特1771-1832 诗：The Minstrlsy of the Scottish Border苏格兰边区歌谣集;Marimion玛里恩;The Lady of the Lake 湖上夫人小说：Waverley威弗利;Guy Mannering盖·曼纳令;Rob Roy罗布罗伊;The Heart of Midlothian米德洛西恩监狱;Ivanhoe艾凡赫;Kenilworth坎尼尔华斯;Woodstock皇家猎馆;Queentin Durward昆廷·达沃19、Jane Austin简·奥斯丁1775-1817 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;Emma爱玛;Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion好事多磨;Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺20、Charles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆1775-1834 Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚故事集;Alburn Verses诗集;Essay of Elia伊利亚散文集(Dream Children 梦中儿女;A Dissertation unpon Roast Pig烤猪论;Old China古瓷;New Year’s Eve除夕;The Praise of Chimney Sweepers扫烟囱童工赞;The Superannuated Man领取养老金的人;A Bachelor’s Complaint of the Behavior of Married People单身汉对结过婚的人的行为的抱怨)21、William Hazlitt威廉·赫兹里特1778-1830 Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays莎剧中的人物;A View of the English Stage英国舞台一瞥;Lecture on the English Poets论英国诗人;The Spirit of the Age时代精神;Sketches and Essays素描与随笔;Table Talk 桌边文谈名文：On Familiar Style22、George Gordon Byron乔治·拜伦1788-1824 Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,Cantos I and II,Canto III 1818恰罗德·哈罗德游记;Ode to the Framers of the Frame-bill 编织机法案编制者颂;Oriental Tales东方叙事诗(The Bride of Abydos阿比道斯的新娘;The Corsa海盗;The Siege of Corinth柯林斯之围);Manfred曼弗雷德;The Age of Bronze青铜世纪;Don Juan唐·璜名诗：She Walks in Beauty;The Isles of Greece23、Percy Bysshe Shelley波西·比希·雪莱1792-1822 Queen Mab麦布女王;Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;Adonais阿东尼斯;The Cenci钦契;Song to the Men of England致英国人民;England in 1819;The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;A Defence of Poetry诗辩24、John Keats约翰·济兹1795-1821 Endymion恩底弥翁;Isabella伊莎贝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;To Autumn秋颂;Hyperion赫披里昂（未完成）25、Thomas Hood胡德1799-1845 The Song of the Shirt衬衫之歌;The Bridge of Sighs悲叹之桥;Miss Kilmansegg and Her Precious Leg 基尔曼塞格小姐和她贵重的腿26、Ernest Jones琼斯1819-1869 小说：The Women’s Wrongs妇女们的委屈名诗：The Song of the Lower Class;The Song of the Future 27、Afred Tennyson丁尼生1809-1892 Poems of Two Brothers壎篪;Timbuctoo提姆巴克图;The Pricess公主;In Memoriam H H悼念哈拉姆;Maud 毛黛;Enoch Arden伊诺克·阿登;Idylls of the King国王之歌名诗：Ulysses;The Eagle;Break,Break,Break28、Robert Browning勃朗宁1812-1889 Paracelsus巴拉塞尔士;Strafford斯特拉福;Pippa Passes比芭走过;Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗;Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧传奇与抒情诗(Home Thoughts;From Abroad;Prospice向前看);DramaticPersonae登场人物;Men and Women男男女女29、Elizabeth Barrel Browning 1806-1861 Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗;The Cry of the Children30、Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特;American Notes 美国札记;Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远大前程31、William MakepeaceThackery萨克雷1811-1863 The Book of Snobs势利者集;Vanity Fair名利场;History of Pendennis潘丹尼斯的历史;The History of Henry Esmond亨利·艾斯芒的历史;The Newcomes纽可谟一家;The Virginians弗吉尼亚人32、Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔1810-1865 Mary Barton玛丽·巴顿;Ruth露斯;Cranford克兰弗德;North and South北与南;Life of Charlote Bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传33、Charlote/Emily/Anne Bronte夏洛蒂/爱米丽/安妮·勃郎特1816-1855 Jane Eyre简爱;Shirley雪丽/Wuthering Height呼啸山庄/Agones Grey艾格尼斯·格雷34、George Eliot爱略特1819-1880 Adam Bede亚当·贝德;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner织工马南;Middlemarch 米德尔马契;Felix Holt,the Radical35、Thomas Carlyle卡莱尔1795-1881 Sartor Resartus衣裳哲学/旧衣新裁;The Life of Schiller席勒传;The French Revolution;Heroes and Hero-worship论英雄与英雄崇拜36、George Meredith梅瑞狄斯1828-1909 诗：Modern Love;Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth大地欢歌小说：The Ordeal of Richard Feverel 理查德·法弗尔的考验；The Egoist利己主义者;Diana of the Crossways彷徨中的戴安娜;The Idea of Comedy and the Uses of the Comic Spirit喜剧的概念与喜剧精神的作用37、William Morris莫里斯1834-1896 诗：The Earthly Paradise地上乐园;Chants of Socialism社会主义歌集;Pilgrims of Hope希望的探求者小说：A Dream of John Ball梦见给翰·保尔;News from Nowher乌有乡消息38、Samuel Butler勃特勒1835-1902 The Way of All Flesh如此人生;Erewhon埃瑞璜;Erewhon Revisited重游埃瑞璜39、Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928 Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native 还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德诗集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯诗集史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲40、Robert Couis Stevenson史蒂文生1850-1894 小说：New Arabian Nights新天方夜谭;Treasure Island宝岛;The Strange Case of Dr Jeykell and Mr Hyde化身博士;Kidnapped诱拐游记：An Inland V oyage内陆游记;Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes骑驴旅行;A Child’s Garden of Verses儿童诗园41、Isabella Augusta Gregory/Perse格葛瑞/珀斯1852-1932 The Travelling Man旅行者;Spreading the News道听途说;Hyachinth Halvey海钦斯·哈尔威;The Gaol Gate监牢之门;The Rising of the Moon月亮上升的时候42、Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900 长篇小说：The Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像童话：The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子诗集：De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌剧作：Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性43、George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950 长篇小说：An Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者评论：Quintessence of Ibsenism剧本：Widoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业The Devil’s Disciple魔鬼的门徒;Man and Superman人与超人;John Bull’s Other Island英国佬的另一个岛;Major Barbara巴巴拉少校;Pygmalion劈克美梁;Heartbreak House伤心之家;The Apple Cart苹果车;Too True to be Good真相毕露44、George Gissing吉辛1857-1903 小说：Demos民众;New Crub Srreet新穷士街;Born in Eile在流放中诞生;The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft 拉伊克罗夫特的日记（散文）;Charles Dickens:A Critical Study狄更斯研究45、Joseph Conrad康拉德1859-1924 长篇小说：Almayer’s Folly奥尔迈耶的愚蠢;The Nigger of the Narcissus水仙号上的黑鬼;Lord Jim吉姆老爷;Nostromo诺斯特罗莫;The Secret Agent间谍;Chance机缘;Victory胜利短篇小说：An Outpost of Progress文明的前哨;Heart of Darkness黑暗的中心;Youth青春46、Joseph Rudyard Kipling罗德雅德·吉卜林1865-1936 诗集：Barrak Room Ballad营房诗集;The Seven Seas七海;Recession and Other Poems赞美诗及其他;The Five Nations五国长篇小说：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船长短篇小说：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby;Life Handcap生命的阻力;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book林莽之书;The Lost Legion47、William Butler Yeats叶芝1865-1939 诗：Respondibilities责任;The Tower塔;The Winding Stair盘旋的楼梯名诗：A Deap Sworn Vow;Easter 1916剧本：The Land of Heart’s Desire理想的国土;The Hour Glass时漏;Dedidre黛德尔Autobiographies自传三部曲;Essays and Introduction48、Herbert George Wells威尔斯1866-1946 科幻小说：The Time Machine时间机器;The Island of Dr Morau莫洛博士岛;The Invisible Man隐身人;When the Sleeper Waked;The Shape of Things to Come未来事物的面貌An Outline of World Histrory 世界史纲社会生活小说：Tono Bungay托诺·班格;Ann Veronica安·维罗尼卡;Kipps基普斯49、Enoch Arnord Bennett阿诺德·本涅特1867-1931 A Man from the North北方人;Anna of the Five Towns五镇上的安娜;The Old Wives’ Tale老妇谭;Clayhanger克莱亨厄剧本：Milestones;How to Live Twentyfour Hours a Day50、John Galworthy高尔斯华绥1867-1933 From the Four Winds天涯海角(The Man of Property有产业的人;In Chancery骑虎难下;To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家);(The White Monkey白猿;The Silver Spoon银匙;Swan Song天鹅曲→A Modern Comedy现代喜剧)剧作：The Silver Box银匣;Strife斗争51、Saki萨奇（Hector Hugh Munro孟柔）1870-1916 短篇小说集：Reginald雷金纳德;Reginald in Russia;The Chronicles of Clovis克洛维斯记事;Beats and Super-beats;The Toys of Peace;The Square Egg方蛋名文：Dusk52、Edward Morgan Forster福斯特1879-1970 长篇小说：Where Angels Fear to Tread天使们忘而却步的地方;The Longest Journey最漫长的旅程;A Room with a View可以远眺的地方;A Passage to India印度之行短篇小说集：The Eternal Moment永恒的时刻散文集：Abinger Harvest 在阿宾格村的收获;Two Cheers for Democracy53、John Millington Synge沁孤1871-1909 The Playboy of the Western World西方世界的花花公子;Riders to the Sea骑马下海的人们;Deridre of Sorrows悲伤的黛达尔;In the Shade of the Glen在幽谷的阴影下;The Tinker’s Wedding补锅匠的婚礼54、Bertrand Russell罗素1872-1970 Road to Freedom到自由之路;Marriage and Morals婚姻与自由;Mysticism and Logic神秘主义与逻辑;Sceptical Essays怀疑论集;The Analysis of Mind心理分析;History of Western Philosophy西方哲学史;Priccipia Mathematica数学原理;A Free Man’s Worship短篇小说：Satan in the Suburbs撒旦在郊区;Portraits from Memory回忆中的画像55、William Somerset Maugham毛姆1874-1965 小说：Liza of Lambeth兰贝思的莉莎;Of Human Bondage人类枷锁;Cakes and Ale寻欢作乐;The Moon and Six Pence月亮与六便士短篇小说：Complete Short Stories短篇小说集剧本：Smith ;The Circle;Our Betters位居我们之上的人们56、John Masefield梅斯菲尔德1878-1967 诗：Salt-Water Ballads海上歌谣;The Everlasting Mercy永久的仁慈;The Widow in the Bye Street小街的寡妇;The Daffodil Fields水仙田;Reynard the Fox狐狸雷纳德小说：Captain Margaret;Multitude and Solitude群与独;Sard Harker萨德·哈克尔剧本：The Locked Chest57、Giles Lytton Strachey斯特雷奇1880-1932 传记：Emiment Victorians维多利亚时代的杰出人物;Queen Victoria评论集：Land-marks in French Literature;Books and Characters58、Sean O’casey肖恩·奥凯西1880-1964 剧本：The Shadow of a Gunman枪手的影子;Juno and the Peacock裘诺与孔雀;The Plough and the Stars犁与星;The Star Turns Red;Red Roses for Me给我红玫瑰自传体小说：I Knock at the Door我敲门;Pictures in the Hallway门厅里的图画;Drums under Windows窗下鼓声;Inishfallen,Fare Thee Well英尼希法伦，再见;Rose and Crown;Sunset and Evening Star日落与金星59、James Joyce乔伊斯1882-1941 短篇小说：Dubiners都柏林人长篇小说：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像;Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒60、Virginia Woolf沃尔芙1882-1941 长篇小说：Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫人;To the Lighthouse到灯塔去;Orlando奥兰多传;The Waves浪;Flush弗乐希;Between the Acts幕间散文集：The Common Readers;The Death of the Moth and Other Essays;A Room of One’sOwn;Three Guineas三个基尼亚名文：Modern Fiction现代小说日记：A Writer’s Diary61、David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯1885-1930 The White Peacock白孔雀;Sons and Lovers儿子与情人;The Reinbow虹;Women in Love恋爱中的妇女;Lady Chatterley’s Lover查泰莱夫人的情人62、Katherine Mansfield曼斯菲尔德1888-1923 In a German Pension在一个德国公寓里;Blis幸福;The Garden Party园会;The Dove’s Nest鸽巢;Something Childish幼稚集63、Thomas Stearns Eliot艾略特1888-1965 诗集：Prufrock and Other Observation普鲁夫洛克及其他;The Waste Land荒原;The Hollow Men空虚的人们;Ash-Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂里的谋杀案;The Family Reunion团圆评论集：The Sacred Wood圣林;Homage to John Dryden向约翰·德莱顿致敬;For Lancelot Andrews纪念兰斯洛特·安德鲁斯64、Aldous Leonard Huxley赫胥黎1894-1963 Antic Hay滑稽的环舞;Point Counter Point旋律和对立;Brave New World新奇的世界;Letters书信集;Ape and Essence猿与本质;Eyeless in Gaza加沙的盲人;After Many a Summer多少个夏天之后;The Doors of Perception感觉之门;Fairy Godmother天使教母(←Two or Three Graces雅事二三)65、John Boynton Priesley普里斯特利1899- 小说：The English Comic Characters英国喜剧从物;The English Novel英国小说;The Good Companions好伙伴;Angel Pavement天使街;They Walk in the City;他们走在城市中；Let the People Sing让人们歌唱剧本：Dangerous Corner危险的转角;Time and the Conways时代与康威一家;In Inspector Calls罪恶之家;When We Are Married;The Linden Tree普提树;Summer Day’s Dream夏日梦66、Hugh MacDiarmid麦克迪尔米德1892-1978 Sangshaw诗歌集;A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle醉汉看蓟;First/Second/Third Hymn to Lenin;In Memoriam James Joyce悼念乔伊斯;Collected Poems名诗：Why I Choose Red;Moonlight Among;The Pines;Third Hymn to Lenin 67、Ivor Armstrong Richards理查兹1893-1979 Principles of Literary Criticism文学批评原理;Science and Poetry;Practical Criticism实用批评;Coleidge on Imagination柯尔律治论想象;The Philosophy of Rhetoric修辞哲学;Basic in Teaching :East and West教学基础（The Four Kinds of Meaning）;Basic English and It’s Uses基础英语及其应用68、Leshe Poles Hartley哈特利1895-1972 短篇小说集：Night Fears and Other Stories黑夜的恐惧及其他故事(The Killing Bottle致命瓶;The White Wand 白色魔杖) 论文集：The Novelist’s Responsibility长篇小说：Eustace and Hilda优斯塔斯与希尔达三部曲(The Shrimp and the Anemone虾与海葵);The Go-Between信使;The Hireling佣工；Facial Justice表面正义;The Boat;A Perfect Woman一个完美的女人;The Betrayal背叛;My Sister’s Keeper妹妹的监护人69、Elizabeth Bowen鲍恩1899-1973 The Hotel旅舍;The House in Paris巴黎寓所;The Death of the Heart心死;The Heat of the Day炎日短篇小说集：Look at All Those Roses(Tears ,Idle Tears)70、Victor Sawdon Pritchett普里彻特1900- 短篇小说：The Sailor水手;The Sense of Humour幽默感;Mr Beluncle贝伦克尔先生游记：The Spanish Temper西班牙性格评论集：Books in General书籍泛谈自传：A Cab at the Door:A Memoir马车在家门口：回忆录；Midnight Oil 挑灯夜谈71、George Orwell奥威尔1903-1950 小说：Down and Out in Paris and London巴黎伦敦落魄记;Homage to Catalonia向坎塔罗尼亚致敬;Animal Farm 兽园;Nineteen Eighty-Four散文集：Dickens,Dali and Others狄更斯，达里及其他;Shooting on Elephant and Other Essays 猎象记及其他;The Collected Essays,Journalism and Letters of George Orwell in Four Volumes奥威尔散文，新闻写作及书信集名文：Lear Tolstoy and The Fool72、Frank O’connor奥康纳1903-1966 论文集：The Lonely V oice:A Study of the Short Story寂寞之声：短篇小说研究自传：An Only Son独生子;My Father’s Son;The Backward Look:A Survey of Irish Literature爱尔兰文学回顾短篇小说集：Collection Two:Stories by Frank O’connor(Private Property私有财产)73、Evelyn Waugh伊夫林·沃1903-1966 长篇小说：Decline and Fall没落与堕落;Vile Bodies行尸走肉;A Handful of Dust 一撮灰尘;Black Mischief黑色的祸害;Scoop挖新闻;Put out More Flags多升几面旗;Bridgeshead Revisited重游布赖兹海德(Men at Arms行伍生涯;Officers and Gentlemen军官与绅士;Unconditional Surrender无条件投降→The Sword of Honour荣誉之剑三部曲)自传：A Little Learning一点学问（三部只成一部）短篇小说集：Mr Loveday’s Little Ou ting and Other Sad Stories洛弗戴先生一次短暂的外出与其他悲惨故事74、Christopher Isherwood衣修午德1904- All the Conspirators所有的阴谋者;Mr Norris Changeds Traits诺里斯先生换火车;Sally Bowles萨利·鲍尔斯（选自《再见吧，柏林》）;Journey to a War战地行;Prater Violet紫罗兰姑娘;The World in the Evening夜晚的世界;Down there on A Visit 在那儿进行访问;A Single Man单身汉;A Meeting by the River河畔相会75、Graham Greene格雷厄姆·格林1904- 消遣：Stamboul Train斯坦布尔列车;A Gun for Sale一支出卖的枪;Our Man in Havana我们在哈瓦纳的人严肃：The Power and the Glory权力与荣誉;The Heart of the Matter问题的核心;The End of the Affair爱情的结局;The Quiet American;The Comedians喜剧演员;The Human Favor人的因素76、Charles Percy Snow斯诺1905-1980 Strangers and Brothers陌生人与兄弟们;The Light and the Dark光明与黑暗;Time of Hope希望的时刻;The Masters院长们;The New Men新人;Homecoings归家;The Conscience of the Rich富人的良心;The Affairs事件;Corridors of Power权力走廊;The Sleep of Reason理智沉眠;Last Things结局77、Peter Courtney Quennell昆纳尔1905- Byron:The Year of Fame拜伦：盛名时期;Byron in Italy;Byron:A Self-Portrait拜伦：一幅自我画像;A History of English Literature;Four Portraits:Studies of the 18th Century四幅画像：关于十八世纪的研究78、William Empson燕卜荪1906- 诗集：Poems;The Gathering Storm酝酿中的风暴;Collected Poems名诗：Legal Fiction;Homage to the British Museum 论著：Seven Types of Ambiguity晦涩的七种类型;Some Versions of Pastoral田园诗的几种变化；The Structure of Complex Words复合词的结构79、Wystan Hugh Auden奥登1907-1973 诗集：Poems;The Orators雄辩家;Look,Stranger!瞧，陌生人;Spain诗剧：The Dog Beneath the Skin皮下之狗;The Ascent,F6攀登F6;On the Frontier边界上The Sea and the Mirror海与镜;The Age of Anxiety忧虑时代;The Shield of Achilles 阿基琉斯的盾牌;Homage to Clio向克奥女神致敬;About the House屋子内外散文评论集：The D yer’s Hand染工之手;Secondary World次要的世界名诗：Who’s Who;The Unknow n Citizen;Their Lonely Betters80、William Golding戈尔丁1911- 长篇小说：Lord of the Flies蝇王;The Inheritors继承人;Pincher Martin平却·马丁;The Spire塔尖;The Pyramid金字塔81、Angus Wilson威尔逊1913- 小说：The Wrong Set and Other Storie乱了套和其他短篇故事s;Anglo-Saxon Attitudes盎格鲁撒克逊态度;The Middle Age of Mrs Eliot艾略特夫人的中年;The Old Men at the Zoo; Late Call夜访;As if by Magic象是用了魔术评论：Emile Zole爱弥尔·佐拉;The World of Charles Dickens;The Strange Ride of Rudyard Kipling吉卜林的奇异旅程82、Dylon Thomas迪伦·托马斯1914-1953 诗：Eighteen Poems;The Map of Love爱的地图;Deaths and Entrances死亡与出场;Collected Poems自传：Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog作为一条小狗的艺术家画像广播剧：Under the Milk Wood 名诗：Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night83、Muriel Sarah Spark斯帕克1918- The Comforter安慰者;The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie琼·布罗迪小姐的黄金时代;The Diver’s Seat司机的座位;The Abbess of Crewe克鲁女修道院院长;Loitering with Intent存心游戏;Collected Stories I短篇小说集（一）84、Richard Lessing多丽丝·莱辛1919- The Grass is Singing草儿在歌唱;Children of Violence暴力和孩子们(Martha Quest玛莎·金奎特;A Proper Marriage 正当的婚姻;A Ripple from the Storm暴风雨掀起的涟漪;Landlocked被陆地围住的;The Four-gated City四门城);The Golden Notebook金色笔记;Briefing for a Descent into Hell堕入地狱简况;The Summer before the Dark85、Iris Murdoch默多克1919- Under the Net在网下;The Bel钟l;A Severed Head砍掉的头;The Black Prince黑衣王子;The Sea,The Sea大海啊，大海86、Philip Larkin拉金1922- 诗：The North Ship北方船;Jill;A Girl in Winter诗集：The Less Deceived受骗较少的人;The Whitsun Weddings降灵节婚礼;High Windows高窗名诗：Church Going;Reason for Attendance87、Kingsley Amis金斯莱·艾米斯1922- 小说：Lucky Jim幸运的吉姆;My Enemy’s Enemy我的敌人的敌人;One Fat Englishman一个英国胖子;That Uncertain Feeling那种不安感;Take a Girl Like You爱你这样的姑娘;Ending up死88、John Wain韦恩1925- 长篇小说：Hurry on Down大学后的漂泊;Living in the Present生活在当代;The Contenders竞争者;Strike the Father Dead打死父亲;A Winter in the Hills山中寒冬短篇小说集：The Life Guard救生员89、Brian Wilson Aldiss奥尔迪斯1925- The Brightfountain Diaries明泉日记; The Billion Year Spree:The History of Science Fiction科幻小说史;Best SF Stories of Brian W Aldiss奥尔迪斯最佳科幻故事集(Outside外界)90、Alan Sillitoe西利托1928- Saturday Night and Sunday Morning;The General;Key to the Door;A Tree on Fire;A Start in Life一位长跑运动员的孤独;The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner捡破烂人的女儿;The Ragman’s Daughter;The Windower’s Son91、John Osborne奥斯本1929- Look back in Anger愤怒的回顾;Lurther;Inadmissible Evidence不能接受的证据;Time Present and Hotel in Amsterdam 目前和阿姆斯特丹的旅馆92、Ted Hughs特德·休斯1930- The Hawk in the Rain雨中鹰;Lupercal卢泼卡尔神(Hawk of Roosting);Scapegoats and Rabies替罪羊与狂犬病;Wodwo沃德沃怪物;Crow乌鸦Songs of Woe哀歌93、Arnold Wesker韦斯克1932- 剧本：The Wesker Triology韦斯克三部曲(Chicken Soup with Barley大麦鸡汤;Roots;I’m Talking about Jerusalem0;The Four Seasons;The Friends;The Journalists新闻记者;Caritas Christi卡里塔斯·克里斯蒂94、Margaret Drabble德雷伯尔1939- 小说：A Summer Bird-cage夏日的鸟笼;The Garrick Year茄立克年;The Millstone磨石;The Needle’s Eye针眼;The Realms of Gold黄金世界;The Ice Age冰期。

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The Early and Medieval English Literature
Formation of the English Language Old English Literature Medieval English Literature
Formation of the English Language— multi-lingual, multi-cultural fusion
a. Celts b. The Roman Conquest (1st BC to 5th AD)Latin c. Angles, Saxons and Jutes (following 6 centuries)—Old English//597 AD, St. Augustine, Christian religion d. Norman Conquest(1066)—Latin, French, English in coexistence
• His half-course in the sign of the Ram has run, And the small fowl are making melody That sleep away the night with open eye (So nature pricks them and their heart engages) Then people long to go on pilgrimages And palmers long to seek the stranger strands Of far-off saints, hallowed in sundry lands, And specially, from every shire‟s end In England, down to Canterbury they wend To seek the holy blissful martyr, quick In giving help to them when they were sick.
Old English Literature(450-1066)
• Beowulf 《贝奥伍夫》 a.Epic in Anglo-Saxon English Literature b.Verse with 3182 lines in narration of a legendary north European hero c.Written in alliterative way (头韵) Eg: the ruinous deeds of the ravaging foe that was the last fight Beowulf fought that was the end of his work in the world.
The Canterbury Tales
• The Prologue (frame story) • When the sweet showers of April fall and shoot Down through the drought of March to piece the root, Bathing every vein in liquid power From which there springs the engendering of the flower, When also Zephyrus with his sweet breath Exhales an air in every grove and heath Upon the tender shoots, and the young sun
Lecture One
Part One • Course introduction Part Two • Early and Medieval English Literature • Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) “The Canterbury Tales”
About the Course

Position and Achievements
• the father of English Poetry—by John Dryden a. First to write in English Language, the London dialect in particular, making it the standard for modern English Speech and Literature. b. Inventor of heroic couplet. • an early humanist
The Canterbury Tales
• It was written during 1387-1400. • It comprises 24 stories plus a prologue (楔子). • The prologue offers an introduction of 30 pilgrims (朝圣者，香客) on pilgrimage to Canterbury and serves as a frame story. • The pilgrims, who come from all layers of society, tell stories to each other to kill time while they travel to Canterbury.
The Medieval English Literature (1066-1485)
• Impact of the Norman Conquest Establishment of the feudal order (One hundred years war (1337-1437); Wars of the Roses(1485) Peasants‟ revolts) Integration of French and English Language Affirmation of English Language:1415, king Henry V, English became official language • Representative: Geoffrey Chaucer (?13401400)
About the course
Requirements: • Reading before class • Class Participation Class presentation about the author, and the background(5/5) Class discussion(5) • Class attendance (5) • Examination (80) Sketch of the stages • Early and Medieval Literature • Renaissance • Bouregeois Revolution and Restoration (17th c) • 18th century Literature • Romanticism • Victorian Age (19th c) • 20th C
Contents of the course • Explores the long history of the British Literary tradition from its very start to the 19th century. • Provides guided reading of chosen works by literary masters. • Textbook: 《英国文学选读》 • Reference book: 《简明英国文学史》高继海 Aims Students are to learn basic knowledge about the literary tradition and important writers with their achievements. Acquire some skills to approach literary works Improve artistic sensitivity
• It is notable for its vivid characterization, its touch of satire, its metric pattern and its budding humanism (fg. Women should marry more than once; bias against the Church). • It represents a diverse cross section of the fourteenth-century English society.
Westminster Abbey-Church of coronation and burial for English monarchs
Chaucer‟s literary growth
3 stages: 1st. Translations from French romance 2nd. Writing in Latin with evident Italian influences 3rd. Writing exclusively in English language
Geoffrey Chaucer
Life of Chaucer
• 1. Birthplace: London • 2. Family: family name Chaucer indicating the family were shoe-makers in tradition. his father, a wealthy wine merchant. • 3. Education: studying at oxford • 4. Life Experiences: from 17, page to the royal family; captive soldier by French during the war; diplomat to France, Italy for 2 times, influenced by new Renaissance trends—Dante, Boccaccio; official at the customs of London port; a member of parliament for Kent; losing position, favor from the King, living in poverty; favor restored: being appointed Clerk of the King‟s works at Westminster, being granted with a thick pension; buried at the Poets‟ Corner in Westminster.

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