高级英语第一册马克吐温课文翻译以及词汇精编版
高级英语第三版第一册课文翻译重点
Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille迎战卡米尔号飓风约瑟夫.布兰克小约翰。
柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。
就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。
柯夏克一家居住的地方一-密西西比州的高尔夫港--肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。
路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。
但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一-妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。
为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。
两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。
他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。
约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。
公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。
37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。
四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。
不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。
"我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，'他对父亲说，"而且距离海边足有250码远。
这幢房子是1915年建造的。
至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。
我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。
"老柯夏克67岁.是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。
他对儿子的意见表示赞同。
"我们是可以严加防卫。
度过难关的，"他说?"一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。
" 为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。
新外研版新教材高中英语选择性必修一全册课文及翻译（中英Word精编）
新外研版新教材高中英语选择性必修一全册课文及翻译（中英Word精编）Unit 1 Laugh out loud!Understanding ideasThe Best Medicine最佳妙药1 As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat, I look just like any other doctor. That is until I put on my curly rainbow wig, big red nose, and add my name badge “Doctor Larry Laugh-Out-Loud”. I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. Anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous and crying children.当我穿着白大褂走进医院时，我看起来和其他医生没什么两样——直到我戴上卷曲的彩虹色假发和大红鼻子，别上我的名牌“拉里，笑哈哈医生”。
我穿过一道道门进入候诊区，这里充斥着常见的厌烦和紧张情绪。
人们别扭地坐在塑料椅上，翻阅着那些已经被读过数百遍的旧杂志。
焦虑的父母们正尽其所能安抚紧张哭闹的孩子。
2 In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size. I speak with the on-duty nurse, who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. Since getting here, Lara has spent her time crying in pain. Although it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury, it’s my job to make her feel better.在这个特别的场景里，我注意到一个小女孩，她的脚踝肿成了原来的两倍。
(完整word版)高级英语第一册课文翻译及词汇
高级英语第一册课文翻译及词汇第一课词汇(Vocabulary）1.Bazaar （n.) : （in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，2. cavern （n．) ：a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴,山洞(尤指大洞穴,大山洞）3. shadowy （adj.) ：dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的4. FONT style=”BACKGROUND-COLOR：cornflowerblue" color=white〉harmonious （adj．）：having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant（音调）和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv．5。
throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集6。
conceivable (adj。
）：that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的,想得到的7. din （n.) ：a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声8. would—be （adj．）: intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的9。
muted （adj。
) ：(of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音）减弱的10。
vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched穹窿形的；拱形的11。
sepulchral（n．) : suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal;gloomy坟墓般的;阴森森的13. guild （n．）：any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会;协会14. trestle （n。
高级英语课文详解
02
bathtub [bæθtʌb, bɑθ-] n. 浴缸，澡盆 eg: Please let the water out of the bathtub. 请把浴缸里的水放掉。 Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh . The moralizing of his earlier writing had been well padded with humor . Now the gloves came off with biting satire . 译文：这个曾经给全世界带来欢笑的人自己却饱尝了人世间的不幸与辛酸。他早期作品中的说教包着幽默的外衣，可现在幽默却变成了辛辣的讽刺。
spinal [spaɪnəl] adj. 脊柱的，与脊柱有关的；针的，刺的；棘状突起的 adv. 在脊骨方面，压着脊骨 n. [医]脊髓麻醉 spinal injuries 脊椎损伤 meningitis [mɛnɪn`dʒaɪtɪs] n. 脑膜炎 Meningitis is a serious infectious illness which affects your brain and spinal cord. bronchitis 支气管炎 tonsillitis 扁桃体炎 appendicitis：阑尾炎 hepatitis 肝炎 arthritis 关节炎
《高级英语》第一册课文7-15翻译、词汇_张汉熙
Learn General Secretary on "two to learn a" strengthening "four Consciousnesses" important speech caused a strong reaction in the country. Time, watching "red treasure", the origin of building the party back to power, how to strengthen services for the masses, improve party cohesion, fighting to become the grass-roots party members and masses hot topic. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the service of party members and cadres, the pioneer spirit. Distribution of grass-roots party organizations in all walks of people, clothing, shelter, which belongs to the nerve endings of the party organization and comments reputation has a direct perception of the masses. Strengthen the party ahead of the "pedal" spirit; strengthen the party members and cadres "success does not have to be me" and "the first to bear hardships, the last to" service spirit to set the party's positive image among the people is important. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to cleanse all people not happy not to see "stereotypes", establish the honest faithful, diligent faith for the people. No need to avoid mentioning that, some members of our party can not stand the "money," corrosion of temptation, thin, Xu Zhou, such abuse and corrupt bribery, malfeasance borers, and rats. Two, is to clean up, thin, Xu, Zhou's solution to restore the party's fresh and natural, solid and honest work style. Cleansing "take, eat, card," undesirable and behaviour, "cross, hard and cold, push" attitude. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the sense of ordinary party members, participating in consciousness, unity consciousness. For reasons known, members of grass-roots party branches less mobile, less resources, and the construction of party organizations have some lag. Two studies, is to focus on the grass-roots party branches "loose, soft, loose" problem, advance the party members and cadres, "a gang working", "Hong Kong report." Strong cleanup actions, style and rambling, presumptuous "unqualified" party members, pays special attention to party members and cadres "joining party of thought" problem. "Party building" is obtained in the long-term development of our party's historical experience accumulated. Two is our party under the new historical conditions, strengthen the party's construction of a new "rectification movement." Grass-roots party organizations should always catch the hard work, results-oriented. Two educational outcomes are long-term oriented and become an important impetus for the work. "Two" should have three kinds of consciousness "two" study and education, basic learning lies in the doing. Only the Constitution address the series of party rules, and do solid work, be qualified party members had a solid ideological basis. Only the "learning" and "do" real unity, to form a "learn-learn-do-do" the virtuous cycle, and ultimately achieve the fundamental objective of education. This requires that the Organization《高级英语》第一册课文翻译及词汇章美芳第七课神奇的集成电路片时代 (1)第八课互相作用的生活 (1)第九课马克•吐温——美国的一面镜子 (6)第十课震撼世界的审判 (13)第十一课词典的用途究竟何在? (21)第十二课潜水鸟 (29)第十三课大不列颠望洋兴叹 (40)第十四课阿真舍湾 (46)第十五课海上无路标 (62)learning education, need three kinds of consciousness: one is to establish an integrated awareness. "Learning" and "do" what car isTwo-wheel, bird wings, need to go hand in hand, one end can be neglected. Communist theoretician and man. Only by closely combining theory and practice together in order to truly realize their value. "Learning" is the Foundation, the Foundation is not strong, shaking; " "Is the key to net to net thousands of accounts. "Two" education, "" lay the basis, going to "do" the key grip, so that the "learning" and "doing" back to standard, so that the majority of party members "learn" learning theory of nutrients, in the "doing" practice party's purposes. Second, to establish a sense of depth. "Learning" and "do" not Chu drawn, entirely different, but the organic unity of the whole. "Two" learning education, we need to explore integrating "learning" in "do", exhibit "do" in "Science". To avoid the "learning" into simple room instruction, "do" into a monotone for doing. Should exploration "learn" in the has "do", "do" in the has "learn" of education and practice of carrier, makes general grass-roots members can in "learn" in the has "do" of achievements sense, in "do" in the has "learn" of get sense, real makes party of theory brain into heart, put for people service concept outside of Yu shaped. Third, to adhere to long-term the awareness. Style construction on the road forever, "two" had to catch the long-term. "Two" study and education, by no means, assault-style wind-sport, but the recurrent education within the party. In recent years, the party's mass line education practice and "three-three" special education in grass-roots borne rich fruits, vast numbers of party members and cadres withstood the baptism of the spirit. "Two" greater need to focus on longer hold long-term, to establish and perfect the effective mechanism of the education, focusing on the creation of long-term education, strive to make the vast number of party members to maintain their vanguard Color, maintain the party's advanced nature and purity. Awareness-raising, antennas and atmosphere – a discussion on how leading cadres of party members "two" current, "two" activity is in full swing up and down the country, party cadres as a "key minority" is both a barometer and impetus. The "two" meaning enough deep, is to determine the party cadres can resolve to study hard first. In the "two" in the process, some cadres of himself, standing long, high awareness, that Constitution Party rules is simple, its not worth bothering some party cadres think speak series has nothing to do with the grass-roots work, water business learning series of speeches seen as window dressing. These "lazy, casual, and decadent" ideas learning lacks motivation, a serious impediment to "two" effect. John Stuart Mill once said, only a basic element of human thought patterns change dramatically, human destiny can make great improvement. The same, only party members and第七课神奇的集成电路片时代(节选)新生的微型技术将使社会发生巨变1这是一个极小的薄片，只有大约四分之一英寸见方。
高英第一册课文翻译
第一课中东的集市中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。
此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。
你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。
这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。
赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。
市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。
你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。
各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。
随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。
这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。
布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。
中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。
例如，在布市上，所有那 1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。
讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。
头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。
对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。
高级英语第一册课文翻译及词汇
高级英语第一册课文翻译及词汇词汇(Vocabulary)Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，集市----------------------------------------------------------------------------------cavern (n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------shadowy (adj.) : dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue" color=white>harmonious (adj．) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集----------------------------------------------------------------------------------conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的，想得到的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------din (n.) : a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声----------------------------------------------------------------------------------would-be ( adj．) : intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched穹窿形的；拱形的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sepulchral(n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------shadowy (adj.) : suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------guild ( n．) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；协会----------------------------------------------------------------------------------trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs，used to support planks to form a table，platform，etc．支架；脚手台架；搁凳----------------------------------------------------------------------------------impinge (v．) : strike，hit，or dash；have an effect撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响----------------------------------------------------------------------------------fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境----------------------------------------------------------------------------------burnish ( v．) : make or become shiny by rubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光----------------------------------------------------------------------------------brazier ( n.) : a metal pan，bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal，as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火钵----------------------------------------------------------------------------------dim ( v．) :make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．) :having rhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmically adv----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bellows ( n.) :(sing．&p1.)a device that produces a stream of air through a narrow tube when its sides are pressed together(used for blowing fires，etc．)(单复同)风箱----------------------------------------------------------------------------------intricate ( adj．) :complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail错综复杂的；精心制作的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------exotic ( adj．) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sumptuous ( adj．) :involving great expense；costly lavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------maze ( n.) :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------( n.) :a confusing，intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷宫；曲径----------------------------------------------------------------------------------honeycomb ( v．) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状----------------------------------------------------------------------------------mosque ( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂----------------------------------------------------------------------------------caravanserai ／caravansery ( n.) :in the Orient．a kind of inn with a large central court，where caravans stop for the night东方商队(或旅行队)的客店----------------------------------------------------------------------------------disdainful ( n.) :feeling or expressing disdain；scornful and aloof；proud轻视的，轻蔑的；傲慢的／disdainfully adv．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bale ( n.) :a large bundle大包，大捆----------------------------------------------------------------------------------linseed ( n.) :the seed of flax亚麻籽----------------------------------------------------------------------------------somber ( adj．) :dark and gloomy or dull阴沉的；昏暗的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pulp ( n.) :a soft，moist，formless mass that sticks together浆----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ramshackle ( adj．) :1ikely to fall to pieces；shaky要倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------dwarf ( v．) :make small or insignificant；make seem small in comparison使矮小；使无足轻重；使(相形之下)显得渺小；使相形见绌----------------------------------------------------------------------------------vat ( n.) :a large tank，tub，or cask for holding liquids大缸；大桶----------------------------------------------------------------------------------nimble ( adj．) :moving or acting quickly and lightly灵活的；敏捷的／nimbly adv．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------girder ( n.) :a large beam，usually horizontal，of timber or steel．for supporting the joists of a floor，the framework of a building．the superstructure of a bridge，etc•大梁----------------------------------------------------------------------------------trickle ( n.) :a slow，small flow细流；涓流----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ooze ( v．) :flow or leak out slowly，as through very small holes 渗出；慢慢地流----------------------------------------------------------------------------------runnel ( n.) :runnel a small stream；little brook or rivulet；a small channel or watercourse小溪；小沟；小槽----------------------------------------------------------------------------------glisten (v．) :shine or sparkle with reflected light, as a wet or polished surface；flash(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；闪耀，闪光----------------------------------------------------------------------------------taut ( adj．) :tightly stretched，as a rope(绳子等)拉紧的，绷紧的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语(Expressions)thread one’s way: move through carefully or slowly，changing direc- tion frequenfly as moving 小心，缓慢地挤过(不断地改变方向)例：Slowly she threaded her way back through the moving mass of people．她慢慢挤过熙熙攘攘的人群往回走。
(完整word版)高级英语mark_twain—mirror_of_america翻译
Mark Twain-the Mirror of AmericaMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well –one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
高级英语第一册课后翻译
Lesson1X．1)一条蜿蜒的小路淹没在树荫深处A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.2)集市上有许多小摊子，出售的货物应有尽有At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.3) 我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。
I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry.4)新出土的铜花瓶造型优美，刻有精细、复杂的传统图案。
The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs.5)在山的那边是一望无际的大草原。
Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see.6)他们决定买那座带有汽车房的房子。
They decided to buy that house with a garage attached.7）教师们坚持对学生严格要求。
The teachers make a point of being strict with the students.8）这个小女孩非常喜欢他的父亲。
This little girl is very much attached to her father.9）为实现四个现代化，我们认为有必要学习外国的先进科学技术。
To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learning from the advanced science and technology of other countries.10）黄昏临近时，天渐渐地暗下来了。
高级英语第一册课本学习知识翻译及其词汇资料
高级英语第一册课文翻译及词汇第一课词汇(Vocabulary)1.Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，2. cavern (n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞)3. shadowy (adj.) : dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的4. FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue" color=white>harmonious (adj．) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv．5. throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集6. conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的，想得到的7. din (n.) : a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声8. would-be ( adj．) : intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的9. muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的10. vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched穹窿形的；拱形的11. sepulchral(n．) : suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的13. guild ( n．) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；协会14. trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs，used to support planks（木板）to form a table，platform，etc．支架；脚手台架；搁凳15. impinge (v．) : strike，hit，or dash；have an effect撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响16. fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境17. burnish ( v．) : make or become shiny by rubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光18. brazier ( n.) : a metal pan，bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal，as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火钵19. dim ( v．) :make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊20. rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．) :having rhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmically adv21. bellows ( n.) :(sing．&p1.)a device that used for blowing fires，etc．(单复同)风箱22. intricate ( adj．) :complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail错综复杂的；精心制作的23. exotic ( adj．) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人的24. sumptuous ( adj．) :involving great expense；costly lavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的25. maze ( n.) :a confusing，intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷宫；曲径26. honeycomb ( v．) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状27. mosque ( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂28. caravanserai ／caravansery ( n.) :in the Orient．a kind of inn with a large central court，where caravans stop for the night东方商队(或旅行队)的客店29. disdainful ( n.) :feeling or expressing disdain；scornful and aloof；proud轻视的，轻蔑的；傲慢的／disdainfully adv．30. bale ( n.) :a large bundle大包，大捆31. linseed ( n.) :the seed of flax亚麻籽32. somber ( adj．) :dark and gloomy or dull阴沉的；昏暗的33. pulp ( n.) :a soft，moist，formless mass that sticks together浆34. ramshackle ( adj．) :1ikely to fall to pieces；shaky要倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的．35. dwarf ( v．) :make small or insignificant；make seem small in comparison使矮小；使无足轻重；使(相形之下)显得渺小；使相形见绌36. vat ( n.) :a large tank tub used for holding liquids大缸；大桶37. nimble ( adj．) :moving or acting quickly and lightly灵活的；敏捷的／nimbly adv．38. girder ( n.) :a large beam that supports a floor, roof, or bridge大梁39. trickle ( n.) :a slow，small flow细流；涓流40. ooze ( v．) :flow or leak out slowly，as through very small holes 渗出；慢慢地流41. runnel ( n.) :runnel a small stream；little brook or rivulet；a small channel or watercourse小溪；小沟；小槽42. glisten (v．) :shine with reflected light, as a polished surface；flash(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；闪耀，闪光43. taut ( adj．) :tightly stretched，as a rope(绳子等)拉紧的，绷紧的短语(Expressions)thread one’s way: move through carefully or slowly，changing direc- tion frequenfly as moving 小心，缓慢地挤过(不断地改变方向)follow suit: to do the same as someone else has done赶潮流，学样narrow down: reduce the number of缩小(范围，数字等)beat down: bargain with(seller)，causing seller to lower price(与卖主)往下砍价make a point of: regard or treat it as necessary认为……是必要的take a hand: join to help帮助，帮忙throw one’s weight on to (sth．): use all one’s strength to press down使劲压在(某物)上set…in motion: set sth．going；launch使…一运动，移动第二课词汇(Vocabulary)reportorial ( adj.) :reporting报道的，报告的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------kimono ( n.) :a loose out garment with short，wide sleeve and a sash。
高级英语第一册课文重点段落翻译
Lesson 17.不到七点钟，天就黑了．，狂风暴雨拍打着屋子。
约翰让大儿子和大女儿上楼去取来被褥和枕头给几个小一点的孩子。
他想把全家人都集中在同一层楼上。
“不要靠近窗户!”他警告说，担心在飓风巾震破的玻璃碎片会飞来伤人。
风凶猛地咆哮起来?屋子开始漏雨了……那雨水好像能穿墙透壁，往屋里直灌。
一家人都操起拖把、毛巾、盆罐和水桶，展l开了一场排水战。
到八点半钟，电没有了。
柯夏克老爹便启动了小发电机。
19.设在弗罗里达州迈阿密的国家飓风中心主任罗伯特．H．辛普森博士将卡米尔号飓风列为“有过记载的袭击西半球有人居住地区的最猛烈的一场飓风”。
在飓风中心纵横约70英里的范围内，其风速接近每小时200英里，掀起的浪头高达30英尺。
海湾沿岸风过之处，所有东西都被一扫而光。
19 467户人家和709家小商号不是完全被毁，便是遭到严重破坏。
高尔夫港一个60万加仑的油罐被狂风刮起，摔到3．5英里以外。
三艘大型货轮被刮离泊位，推上岸滩。
电线杆和20英寸粗的松树一遇狂风袭击便像连珠炮似的根根断裂。
24柯夏克老爹心中窝着一团火，深为自己在飓风面前无能为力而感到懊丧。
也说不清为什么，他跑到一问卧室里去将一只杉木箱和一个双人床垫拖进了电视室。
就在这里，一面墙壁被风刮倒了，提灯也被吹灭。
另外又有一面墙壁在移动，在摇晃。
查理.希尔试图以身子撑住它，但结果墙还是朝他这边塌了下来，把他的背部也给砸伤了。
房子在颤动摇晃，已从地基上挪开了25英尺。
整个世界似乎都要分崩离析了。
26 大一点的孩子趴在地板上，小一点的一层层地压在大的身上，大人们都弯下身子罩住他们。
地板倾斜了。
装着那一窝四只小猫的盒子从架上滑下来，一下子就在风中消失了。
斯普琪被从一个嵌板书柜顶上刮走而不见踪影了。
那只狗紧闭着双眼，缩成一团。
又一面墙壁倒塌了。
水拍打着倾斜的地板。
约翰抓住一扇还连在壁柜墙上的门，对他父亲大声叫道：“假若地板塌了，咱们就把孩子放到这块门板上面。
”Lesson2②这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。
(完整版)高级英语mark_twain—mirror_of_america翻译
Mark Twain-the Mirror of AmericaMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well –one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
高级英语第一册马克吐温课文翻译以及词汇精编版
在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。
他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。
在马克•吐温青年时代，美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而密西西比河是这个年轻国家中部的交通大动脉。
龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。
木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下，运送到河口三角洲地区，而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。
在19世纪50年代，西部领土开发高潮到来之前，辽阔的密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土的四分之三。
1857年，少年马克•吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。
在这个新的工作岗位上，他接触到的是各式各样的人物，看到的是一个多姿多彩的大干世界。
他完全地投身到这种生活之中，经常在操舵室里听着人们谈论民间争斗、海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边的一些化外民居的故事。
所有这一切，连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言，后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。
蒸汽船的甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神的人们，而且也载着一些娼妓、赌棍和歹徒等社会渣滓。
高级英语mark_twain—mirror_of_america翻译
Mark Twain-the Mirror of AmericaMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well –one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
高级英语第一册重点课文段落及课后句子翻译整理
The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavernwhich extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngsof people entering and leaving the bazaar. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. The din of the stall-holder; crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。
《高级英语1》Lesson-7-马克吐温
Famous words
Don’t go around saying the world owes you a living. The world owes you nothing. It was here first.别到处说世界亏欠了你。世界什么都不欠 你的，你还没出生它就在这儿了。
Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.善良是一种聋子能听见、 盲人能看见的语言。
自传》
Stories：
• 1867 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 《卡县名蛙》
• 1870 Running for Governor 《竞选州长》 • 1893 The L1,000,000 Bank Note 《百万英镑》 • 1899 The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》
Section D: Assessments of Mark Twain
Helen Keller : I have been in Eden three days and I king when I touched him though I had never touched a king before.
1. Mirror--- a piece of glass or other shinny/polished surface that reflects images.
2. Mirror---Metaphor（隐喻，暗喻） ① "Mirror" here means a person who gives a true representation or description of the country. ② Generally speaking, all literary giants in human history are also great historians, thinkers and philosophers. Their works often reveal more truth than many political essays. ③ Mark Twain was one of these giants, and his life and works are a mirror of America of his time.
高级英语第一册第九课马克吐温（AdvancedEnglish,Volume1,lessonni..
高级英语第一册第九课马克吐温（Advanced English, Volume 1,lesson ninth, Mark, Twain）Ninth lessonsMark, Twain -- a mirror of the United States(excerpt)Noel grove?Mark most Americans think that? Twain is a great writer, he describes Huck? Finn eternal childhood is full of a quality suggestive of poetry or painting journey and Tom Sawyer? Freedom and adventure in the long summer days. Indeed, the most popular writer of the spirit of exploration, patriotic, romantic temperament and humorous style to reach the peak of perfection degree. But I found that there is a different Mark? Twain Mark: a life tragedy by blow and become, sarcastic ridicule Twain, detest the world and its ways? A human quality of weakness and care-laden, clearly see the future is a dark man.The printing industry, the navigator, Confederate guerrillas, gold prospector starry eyed optimist, acid tongued: Mark? Twain Samuel? Clemence, Lang Hearn? He lives with more than 1/3 of the time traveled across the United States, to experience a new life in the United States, and then as writer and lecturer he felt that all this to the world. His pen name was a report he heard when he was working on a steamship. The water was two (12 feet) wide - meaning navigable. His works are more than 20 isstill in print, and translations are still have readers around the world, but his reputation degree.In Mark, Twain's youth, the geographic center of the United States was the Mississippi River, the great artery of communication in the middle of the young country. The keel, the gondola, and the raft carry the most important goods. Wood, corn, tobacco, wheat and furs through these vehicles transported to the downstream river delta, and sugar, syrup, cotton and whiskey goods were transported to the north. Prior to the climax of Western territorial development in 1850s, the vast Mississippi River Basin accounted for 3/4 of the United States' already developed territories.In 1857, young Mark Twain stepped into the world as a small pilot on a steamboat. In this new job, he came into contact with all kinds of people, and he saw a colorful world. He is completely devoted to the life, often in the steering room listening to people talk about civil strife, piracy, lynching cases, Youyi sell drugs as well as riverside houses some outsider story. All this, and the rich and colorful language absorbed by his memory, as accurate as a phonograph, had the chance to be reproduced in his work.The steamboat deck is not only full of pioneering spirit of the rich people, but also carrying some prostitutes, gamblers and gangsters scum. From all these different kinds of people, Mark Twain acutely knows human beings and knows the difference between people's words and actions. His four and a half years on the steamboat was the beginning of his real education and the most profound education. Late in life, Mark? Twain alsoacknowledged that the river made him understand a variety of human nature. This experience of life contributed to all his creations, but the most successful ones he described were the men on the Mississippi river.With the development of railway transportation, the demand for steamboat pilots in society is decreasing day by day, and the outbreak of civil war hinders the development of commercial trade. At this point, Mark Twain left the Mississippi River basin. He was a ragtag team of Confederate guerrillas for two weeks of soldiers. The team tried every means to avoid fighting the enemy. After convinced that "I am more proficient in retreating than the people who invented the retreat", Mark Twain left the team.He went west by stagecoach, by the gold rush was popular at that time in the state of Nevada area HuaSu temptation. After the great wealth that only lucky and the persistent would have hit eight months of two minds work, he failed.After bankruptcy and discouragement, he accepted a job as a reporter for the territorial development newspaper in Virginia, a move that will be forever appreciated by the literary community.Ever since he was disheartened by the failure of the gold rush, Mark Twain began to strive for regional prestige as a newspaper reporter and humorist. Journalistic work certainly cannot make him like gold winners like become wealthy, but in the money his pen is better than his pickax much more effective. In the spring of 1864, less than two years before he joined the territorydevelopment newspaper, he traveled to San Francisco in the stagecoach, a cradle of promising young writers both then and now.Mark? Twain honed and experimented with his new pen, but because he wrote some sharp commentary and forced to leave the city. His sharp criticism around the mistreatment of Chinese issues presented to the municipal government angered officials angry, because he had to flee to the valley of Sacramento gold district temporarily revive. His description of the pioneers there made the west coast region more innovative and modern. "People here are really amazing, because those clumsy-handed, lazy in the doldrums, idiotic stay at home...... It is those people as California won such a reputation: when they set out on a magnificent career, they will at any cost or risk in a heroic spirit and dash forward, in the end of one thousand. Californians still keep this reputation, therefore, when they launch a new shaking heaven and earth feats, those who will be wiser as usual, smiled and said: "well, this is the California style."."In the winter of 1864 and 1865, Mark Twain was spent in the Ann Giles mining area. On this dreary day, he took a note. In the out of order about the weather condition and boring about the entries in the food area with a day to hear a story narrative record, this record determines the direction of his career: "Coleman with his jumping frog - and bet $50 -- no stranger stranger jumping frog, Coleman to give him a stranger to use this time to bring a leap frog belly with lead bullets, so, don't jump to leapfrog, jumping frog strangers can win."After Mark Twain's beautiful style of writing? Rewrite this story appeared in newspapers across the United States, "he became known to every family famous jumping frog". At this point, Mark? Twain as the "Pacific coast Wild Humorist" reputation in the country has been firmly established.Two years later, he had an opportunity to observe the old continent of Europe with an American eye. In the city of New York, the steamer "Philadelphia" is ready for a sightseeing cruise to Europe and the Holy land. This is the first time Americans have organized larger groups of sightseeing tours - and they can also be seen as milestones in the history of a nation's development. Mark Twain, a journalist in a California newspaper, was appointed to interview with the tour group. If readers expect to read about the travels of the description in high spirit, that they are going to feel surprise.For example, for the Turkey monarchs he had given him what good impression Sultan is reported, "people can choose a place to set a trap, quasi overnight can capture a dozen more capable people." He boasted of some disdained revered artists and art treasures, even dare to profane words to insult to the religious holy land. After returning home, more and more newspapers began to publish his articles, and all the United States laughed with him. He returned to the United States, his travel notes "Innocents Abroad travel" immediately became a bestseller.At the age of thirty-six, Mark Twain began living in Connecticut, Hartford,All his best work came out at that time.As early as 1870, Mark Twain attempted to write a story about a boy's childhood adventure, which he called Billy Rodgers. Two years later, he changed the hero's name to Tom and proceeded to adapt the story into a play. It was not until 1874 that he began to expand the story seriously. Published in 1876, Tom Sawyer soon became a classic of American children's stories. The film about Tom's mischievous daring ingenuity and he told Betsy? Thatcher innocence of the feelings of the story almost like the "Declaration of independence" as in American schools today reading books.Mark, Twain's own declaration of independence, was expressed by another character. In the sixth chapter of "Tom Sawyer", he introduces the village vagrant, the son of the town drunkard, Huckleberry, Finn". Huck et al in the Puritan widow Douglas to live a decent life, to his friend Tom escaped from there? Yafa cable complaint said: "I tried, or not; not ah, Tom. That's not my day...... The widow's house listens to the bells, sleeps to the bells, the bells to the bells, and everything to be fixed."Nine years after Tom Sawyer swept the United States, Huck was given an independent life and became the hero of a book that many people believe is the most successful description of the American people. He with a runaway slave on a raft along the Mississippi River floating range show a picture to reveal the vivid picture of American social life picture. The Mississippi River, especially for Huck? The character of Finn's description, Mark Twain? You want to get out from the bound himself and often make their own distress the pace of life, from life and all the sacred rules of the religious order for the cause of the successof the hard struggle of the liberation of desire expression was most incisive.Mark Twain argues that there is a missing ingredient in American ideals. He said: "we just have to lie down occasionally and take a good rest, and keep the corner of the frontier, and we'll be able to be a vibrant nation, what an intellectual nation!"!"Mark? Twain's life is shrouded in the shadow of tragedy, their loved ones one by one: his father died when he was twelve years old died of pneumonia, his brother Henry in a steamboat explosion killed; his son Langdon is nineteen months away from the world. His eldest daughter, Susie, died of spinal meningitis; Mrs. Clemence died of heart disease in Florence; and his little daughter drowned in an upstairs bath due to an epileptic seizure.This had made the world laugh himself is all the bitterness of human life. In his early writings the moral sermon was wrapped in a humorous coat, and now humor is a hot satire. For the United States Army massacred six hundred Philippines Moro behavior in a volcano, he did not directly attack, but pretended to sing the praises of. In the mysterious stranger, he pointed out that human beings should abandon religious fantasies and rely on themselves rather than God to create a better world.His own last fantasy, then, seemed to be dashed. In his old age, when he was dictating his autobiography, he spoke with extreme despair about the ultimate liberation of man from earthly suffering:"...... They vanished from the world; they were insignificant and accomplished in the world; and even theirexistence was a mistake, a failure, a folly. Nothing in the world has left a trace of their existence. The world has given them only one day's sorrow and everlasting forgetfulness."。
高级英语第一册 课文翻译及修辞
二课广岛——日本“最有活力”的城市(节选)雅各?丹瓦“广岛到了!大家请下车!”当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时，那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。
我其实并没有听懂他在说些什么，一是因为他是用日语喊的，其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。
踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一套令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。
难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗?这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。
从车站外的人行道上看去，这儿的一切似乎都与日本其他城市没什么两样。
身着和嘏的小姑娘和上了年纪的太太与西装打扮的少年和妇女摩肩接豫；神情严肃的男人们对周围的人群似乎视而不见，只顾着相互交淡，并不停地点头弯腰，互致问候：“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马嘶。
”还有人在使用杂货铺和烟草店门前挂着的小巧的红色电话通话。
“嗨!嗨!”出租汽车司机一看见旅客，就砰地打开车门，这样打着招呼。
“嗨”，或者某个发音近似“嗨”的什么词，意思是“对”或“是”。
“能送我到市政厅吗?”司机对着后视镜冲我一笑，又连声“嗨!”“嗨!”出租车穿过广岛市区狭窄的街巷全速奔驰，我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰，东倒西歪。
与此同时，这座曾惨遭劫难的城市的高楼大厦则一座座地从我们身边飞掠而过。
正当我开始觉得路程太长时，汽车嘎地一声停了下来，司机下车去向警察问路。
就像东京的情形一样，广岛的出租车司机对他们所在的城市往往不太熟悉，但因为怕在外国人面前丢脸，却又从不肯承认这一点。
无论乘客指定的目的地在哪里，他们都毫不犹豫地应承下来，根本不考虑自己要花多长时间才能找到目的地。
这段小插曲后来终于结束了，我也就不知不觉地突然来到了宏伟的市政厅大楼前。
当我出示了市长应我的采访要求而发送的请柬后，市政厅接待人员向我深深地鞠了一躬，然后声调悠扬地长叹了一口气。
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在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。
他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。
在马克•吐温青年时代，美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而密西西比河是这个年轻国家中部的交通大动脉。
龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。
木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下，运送到河口三角洲地区，而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。
在19世纪50年代，西部领土开发高潮到来之前，辽阔的密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土的四分之三。
1857年，少年马克•吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。
在这个新的工作岗位上，他接触到的是各式各样的人物，看到的是一个多姿多彩的大干世界。
他完全地投身到这种生活之中，经常在操舵室里听着人们谈论民间争斗、海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边的一些化外民居的故事。
所有这一切，连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言，后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。
蒸汽船的甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神的人们，而且也载着一些娼妓、赌棍和歹徒等社会渣滓。
从所有这些形形色色的人身上，马克•吐温敏锐地认识了人类，认识了人们的言与行之间的差距。
他在蒸汽船上工作的四年半时间是他真正接受教育的开端，而且也是最具有深远意义的教育。
到了晚年，马克•吐温还声言是密西西比河使他了解了各种各样的人的本性。
这种生活体验对他的全部创作都起了促进作用，然而他描写得最为成功的还是那些密西西比河上的人物。
随着铁路运输的发展，社会上对汽船领航员的需求日渐减少，而内战的爆发又阻碍了商业贸易的发展。
这时，马克•吐温便离开了密西西比河流域。
他在南方邦联游击队的一支杂牌队伍里当了两个星期的兵。
那支队伍想方设法避免与敌军交战。
在确信“我比发明撤退的人更精通撤退”之后，马克•吐温离开了那支队伍。
他乘驿站马车来到西部，在内华达州的华苏地区受到当时正流行的淘金热的诱惑。
同那只有既幸运而又锲而不舍的追求者才能取得的巨大财富三心二意地打了八个月交道之后，他遭到了失败。
在破产和灰心之余，他接受了为弗吉尼亚市《领土开发报》当记者的工作，这一行动将获得文学界永久的感激。
自从他因淘金失败而感到心灰意冷之后，马克•吐温便开始努力博取作为一名报社记者和幽默作家的地区性声望。
从事新闻报道工作当然不能使他像淘金成功者一样立成巨富，但在挣钱方面他的笔杆却比他的锄镐要有效得多。
1864年春季，在他加盟《领土开发报》还不足两年之时，他又乘驿站马车前往旧金山，那儿在当时和现在都是有前途的年轻作家成长的摇篮。
马克•吐温磨炼并试验了他的新笔力，但他却因写了一些尖锐的评论文章而被迫暂时离开这座城市。
他围绕着虐待华人等一类问题对市政府提出的尖锐批评惹得一些官员大为恼火，因之他只好逃到萨克拉门托山谷的金矿区暂避风头。
他对那儿的拓荒者们的描写使西海岸地区富有创新精神的现代人倍感亲切。
“这儿的人们真是了不起——因为那些笨手笨脚、无精打彩、呆头呆脑的懒汉都呆在家里……正是那些人们为加利福尼亚赢得了这样的声誉：当他们着手进行一项宏伟的事业时，他们会不计代价或风险而以一种豪迈的气概和闯劲勇往直前，一千到底。
加利福尼亚人至今仍保持着这样的声誉，因而，每当他们发起一项新的惊天动地的壮举时，那些素来稳重的人便会像往常一样微笑着说：‘看吧，这完全是加利福尼亚的风格’。
”1864年与1865年之交的那个冬天，马克•吐温是在安吉尔斯矿区度过的。
在这段沉闷的日子里，他记了一本笔记。
在杂乱无章的有关天气情况和乏味无趣的有关矿区饭食情况的记录条目中夹着一条叙述当天听到的一则故事的记录——这条记录决定了他一生事业的发展方向：“科尔曼用他的跳蛙——与陌生人赌50美元——陌生人没有跳蛙，科尔曼去给他弄来一只——陌生人利用这段时间将科的跳蛙肚子塞满铅弹，这样，科的跳蛙跳不起来，陌生人的跳蛙便得以获胜。
”经过马克•吐温的生花妙笔改写之后，这个故事登在美国各地的报纸上，成了家喻户晓的“卡拉韦拉斯县有名的跳蛙”。
至此，马克•吐温作为“太平洋海岸狂放的幽默大师”的声望已在全国范围内牢固地确立起来了。
两年之后，他得到了一个以美国人特有的眼光去观察欧洲旧大陆的机会。
在纽约市，“费城号”蒸汽船准备进行一次到欧洲和圣地的观光航行。
这是美国人第一次组织较大规模的团体观光旅行——也可以看作是一个国家发展史上的某种里程碑。
马克•吐温作为加利福尼亚一家报纸的记者被委派随同观光团采访。
如果读者们期望能读到有关这次旅行见闻的神采飞扬的描写的话，那他们是要倍感意外的。
举例来说，他对于那没有给他留下什么好印象的土耳其君主苏丹是这样报道的，“人们可以任意选择一个地方设一个陷阱，一夜之间准可捕捉到十几个更有能耐的人。
”他信口开河地对一些受人景仰的艺术家和艺术珍品加以鄙薄，甚至对宗教圣地也敢于以亵渎性的言辞加以侮蔑。
回国以后，越来越多的报纸开始刊登他的文章，整个美国都同他一齐欢笑。
他一回到美国，他的旅行杂记《傻子出国旅行记》立即成为畅销书。
三十六岁时，马克•吐温开始定居于康涅狄格州哈特福德镇，他的最优秀的作品全是在那段时间里问世的。
早在1870年，马克•吐温就试着写了一篇关于一个他名之为比利•罗杰斯的男孩子的童年历险故事。
两年后，他又将主人公的名字改为汤姆，并着手将故事改编成剧本。
直到1874年他才开始认真地扩展故事情节。
《汤姆•索亚》于1876年出版后，很快成为美国儿童故事的经典之作。
这部描写汤姆的顽皮、勇敢、机智以及他对贝琪•莎切尔的天真纯洁的感情的故事几乎像《独立宣言》一样成了今天美国学校里的必读书本。
马克•吐温本人的独立宣言却是由另一个人物表达出来的。
在《汤姆•索亚》第六章里，他引出了“村里的流浪少年，镇上酒鬼的儿子哈克贝利•费恩”。
哈克不愿在清教徒道格拉斯寡妇家过上等人的体面生活，从那里逃出来后对他的朋友汤姆•索亚发牢骚说：“我试过了，还是不行；不行啊，汤姆。
那不是我过的日子……那寡妇家吃饭要听钟声，睡觉要听钟声，起床也要听钟声，什么事情都得规规矩矩，简直叫人受不了。
”《汤姆•索亚》风靡美国九年之后，哈克被赋予独立的生命，成为一本被许多人认为是最成功的描写美国人的作品的书中的主人公。
他同一个逃跑出来的奴隶一起乘坐木筏沿着密西西比河顺流而下的漂流航程展现了一幅幅揭示美国社会生活全貌的生动画面。
通过对密西西比河，尤其是对哈克•费恩这一人物的描写，马克•吐温将自己想从那束缚着自己并常常令自己苦恼的生活步调中摆脱出来，从生活中的各种清规戒律以及为了事业成功而进行的艰苦挣扎中解放出来的愿望表达得淋漓尽致。
马克•吐温认为，美国人的理想中缺少了一种成分。
他说：“我们只消偶尔地躺下来好好放松休息一下，保持锋棱利角，我们将有可能成为一个多么朝气蓬勃的民族，一个多么富有思想的民族啊!”马克•吐温的一生都笼罩在悲剧的阴影之中，自己的亲人一个接一个地去世：他的父亲在他十二岁那年死于肺炎，他的兄弟亨利在一次汽船爆炸事故中遇难；他的儿子朗顿才满十九个月即离开人世。
他的大女儿苏茜死于脊膜炎；克莱门斯夫人在佛罗伦萨死于心脏病；而他的小女儿也因癫痫病的发作淹死在楼上的浴盆里。
这位曾令全世界欢笑的人自己却饱尝了人世的辛酸。
他早期作品中的道德说教厚厚地包着一层幽默的外衣，现在幽默换成了辛辣的讽刺。
对于美国军队在一个火山口上屠杀六百名菲律宾摩洛人的行为，他没有直接进行抨击，而是假装为之高唱赞歌。
在《神秘的陌生人》中，他指出人类应该抛弃宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量去创造一个更加美好的世界。
他自己的最后一个幻想到后来似乎也破灭了。
在晚年口述自传的时候，他以极端绝望的心情谈到人从尘世的苦难中的最终解脱：“……他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重，无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误，是个失败，是种愚蠢。
这个世界上也没有留下丝毫能表明他们存在过的痕迹。
这个世界赠给他们的只是一日的哀伤和永久的遗忘。
”词汇(Vocabulary):pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:believing that people are notivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of people's motives and actions，or the value of living玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy greatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the act of tramping；a journey on foot；hike步行；徒步旅行----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc．(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc．过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:sharp，sarcastic in speech说话尖刻的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels可行船的；可通航的；可航行的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:serve as proof of；demonstrate；make clear作为……的证据，为……作证；论证；表明----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a main road or channel干线，干道，大路；干渠----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi，Missouri，etc．(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow waters or on rivers平底船----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced during／he refining of sugar，or from sorghum，etc．糖蜜，糖浆----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:an inexperienced，awkward youth阅历浅的年轻人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system 宇宙----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a bitter，long—continued，and deadly quarrel，esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[Am．]murder(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging[美]私刑处死----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[Am．]of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb. [美]留声机的，唱机的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:be full，as though ready to bring forth young；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:transient，unemployed people；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[Am．slang]a prostitute[美俚]妓女----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster，robber，etc．恶棍；暴徒；强盗----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous混乱的；杂乱的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:①give way(to)；yield；submit ②die ①屈服，屈从(常与to连用)②死----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad，fashion，etc．(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:trifle or toy(with)玩弄，戏耍；做着玩；不认真地对待，不认真地考虑(常与with连用)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:1ike a colossus in size；huge；gigantic；enormous巨大的，庞大的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:check or repulse挫败；阻止----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[colloq．]having little or no money；bankrupt[口]无钱的，身无分文的；破了产的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:sharpen with or as with a hone把……放在磨石上磨----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: searing；withering；injurious；harsh or caustic严厉的，尖刻的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:slow or slow—moving；not active；dull(行动)缓慢的；迟钝的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a lazy person懒汉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:bewilder with sudden surprise；astonish greatly；amaze 使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:long or verbose and vearisome；triesome；boring冗长乏味的；使人厌倦的；沉闷的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a lecture on travels, usually accompanied by the showing of pictures旅行见闻讲座----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a Moslem ruler苏丹(一些伊斯兰教国家统治者的称号)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[Am．colloq．]expose the false or exaggerated claims，pretensions，glamour，etc．[美口]揭露，揭发，揭穿----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:regard with deep respect，love，and awe；venerate尊敬，崇敬；敬畏----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the quality of being ingenious；cleverness，originality，skill，etc．机灵，机智，足智多谋；独创性，创造力；熟练，巧妙----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:young and youthful年轻的；青年的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:any person despised or rejected by others；outcast为社会所遗弃者；流浪者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion宗教(或道德)上极端拘谨的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:an unlimited view in all directions全景；全图----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:be regretful or sorry about懊悔，悔恨，对……深感遗憾----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:undermine in any way；weaken；exhaust削弱；耗竭----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a loud outcry；uproar大声呼喊，喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:strong and healthy；full of vigor；hardy健壮的；精力充沛的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:appear or recur repeatedly to，often to the point of obsession(思想、回忆等)萦绕；(疾病等)缠住----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:inflammation or infection of the alveoli of the lungs of varying degrees of severity and caused by any of a number of agents，such as bacteria or viruses肺炎．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:inflammation of the meninges．esp. as the result of infection by bacteria or viruses脑脊膜炎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a person who has epilepsy癫痫患者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:stuff，cover，or line with a pad or padding填塞；衬填----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a bowl—shaped cavity，as at the mouth of a volcano or on the surface of the moon碗形洞(如火山口、环形山、月亮表面的坑状地方) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------crumble ( v． ) :fall to pieces；disintegrate；decay破碎，破裂；使溃散，使瓦解，消灭----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lament ( v.):feel or express deep sorrow for；mourn or grieve for为……而悲痛；哀悼；为……而伤心----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语 (Expressions)every bit: (infml)equalIy；entirely完全，同样地例： He is every bit as mean as she is．他与她同样平庸。