路桥工程专业英语第一课翻译-2

教材：《路桥工程专业英语》主编：赵永平；副主编：盛可鉴；人民交通出版社，2007年

学分：0.5

学时：16 周学时：2 上课周数：8

上课内容：

第一课：Highway Introduction公路概论

第二课：Asphait & Mix Asphalt沥青及沥青混合料

第三课：The Subgrade Design and Construction Technology路基设计与施工技术

第四课：Freeway and it’s Accessory Facilities高速公路及附属设施

第五课：Traffic Engineering Introduction交通工程学概论

第六课：Bridge Introduction桥梁概论

第七课：Prestressed Concrete Beam Construction Technology预应力混凝土梁桥施工技术

第八课：The Bridge Testing Technology桥梁测试技术

上课方法：课堂讲解、翻译

课后训练：背单词；阅读教材并口译；

考核方法：笔试与口试结合（待定）

第一课：Highway Concept公路概论

A.Text The Highway Concept 公路概论

B.Reading Material Highway Cross Section and Pavement 道路横断面和铺装层

1.A historical note 历史回顾

The first road builders of any significance in western Europe were the Romans, to whom the ability to move quickly from one part of the Empire to another was important for military and civil reasons.

罗马人是西欧任何意义上的第一条道路的建设者，他们具有的从帝国的一个地方迅速移动到另一个地方的能力对政治军事而言都是非常重要的。

Roman roads are characterized by their linearity and, in popular perception,by their durability.

罗马道路以其直线形为特点，普遍的看法说还有他的耐久性

A good alignment was sought since this provides the most direct route and since the risk of ambush in hostile territory is reduced.

而所寻求的好的路线平面图是能在来自敌方潜在的风险降低后提高直达的道路。It was for this reason that the surface of the road was ofen elevated a meter or more above the local ground level—to provide a clear view of the surrounding country;hence the modern term “highway”.

正是由于这样的原因，道路的表面高度都会比实际地面高出一米甚至更多，这样也可以提高一个好的视野去观察周边的情况，因而这就是现代词汇“高路”的来源。The durability of such pavements is less absolute but nevertheless well exceeds anything achieved for many centuries after the fall of the Empire.

这种道路的耐久性也不是那么的绝对，但是至少在帝国倒台以后几个世纪的成就也没能超越它。

A typical major Roman road in the UK consisted of several layers of material,increasing in strength from the bottom layers, perhaps of rubble, through intermediate layers of lime-bound concrete to an upper layer of flags or stone slabs grouted in lime. 在英国典型的主要罗马道路是由几层材料组成的，下层可能用瓦砾来提高它的强度，由石灰混凝土材料构成的中间层连系着由石板或石灰混凝土板组成的上层。

The total thickness of such a pavement would be varied according to the ground conditions. 而路面的总厚度将随不同的地面条件而改变In sound ground a thickness approaching one meter might be found; elsewhere this would be increased as necessary.

但是在接近原地面的一个路面厚度须达到接近一米的厚度，这在任何一个地方都是必须要满足的。

During the Dark Age s—and indeed well after tha t—no serious attempt was made in the UK to either maintain or replace the Roman road network, which consequently deteriorated.

在黑暗的中世纪——在这以后也是一样——英国没有采取任何措施去尝试保养或者翻新罗马道路，从而罗马道路破坏恶化。

By the end of the Middle Ages there was in practice no road system in the country.

而到了中世纪末，整个国家没有了道路交通系统成为了事实

Such routes as existed were unpaved tracks, swampy and impassable for most of the year and dusty and impassable for the remainde

仅存的道路也是未铺装的，这种道路在一年中的大多数时间是泥泞的而无法通行，其余时间也是因尘土飞扬而导致无法通行

Diversions around particularly poor lengths of road, private land or difficult topography had resulted in sinuous alignments.

但是在短距离道路上绕道可能因私人土地或者复杂地形而使道路更加蜿蜒曲折The general lawlessness combined with these characteristics to discourage all but the most determined travelers.

而一般的非法结合以上特点的道路组织了所有行人除了那些最有决心的旅行者们。

The first small change in this state of affairs was bought about by an Act of 1555 which imposed a duty on each parish to maintain its roads and to provide a Surveyor of Highways.

在英国，现状的首个改变是1555年的一次行动，这次行动要求每一个教区要对本教区的道路进行保养并且聘用专门的道路检验员

As this post was unpaid and under-resourced, and as the technical skills did not exist to match the task in hand, the obvious expectation that the post of Surveyor was unpopular and ineffective is generally correct .

但是由于这个职位是无偿的资源匮乏的，而且手头要做的工作也没有相匹配的技术支持，因而检验员一职不受欢迎和无效的明显期望是正确的。

This lack of resources remained a problem for over a century. 一个多世纪以来，这方面资源的缺乏仍然是个问题。In the latter part of the seventeenth century the first experimental lengths of turnpike road were established on the Great North Road(now the A1 trunk road).