【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)-试卷1-1

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考研中医综合中医诊断学(脏腑辨证)-试卷1

考研中医综合中医诊断学（脏腑辨证）-试卷1(总分：62.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.下列除哪项外，均为阳明腑实证的临床表现（分数：2.00）A.脉沉迟而实B.日晡潮热C.身热不扬√D.腹胀拒按解析：解析：大纲内容，六经辨证要点太阳病证、阴明病证、少阳病证的临床表现，证候分析及辨证要点，考察点：阳明腑实证的临床表现，目较简单。

2.下列哪项不属于太阳中风证的表现（分数：2.00）A.发热恶寒B.头痛自汗C.鼻鸣干呕D.脉浮数√解析：解析：太阳中风证的临床表现为发热，恶风，汗出，脉浮缓，或见鼻鸣，干呕。

3.下列哪项不属于阳明病证的表现（分数：2.00）A.发热重恶寒轻√B.大汗出C.大渴引饮D.苔黄脉洪大解析：解析：阳明病证又可分为阳明经证和阳明腑证。

阳明经证表现为身大热。

不恶寒，反恶热，汗大出，大渴引饮，心烦躁扰，面赤，气粗，苔黄燥，脉洪大。

阳明腑证表现为日晡潮热，手足溅然汗出，脐腹胀满疼痛，拒按，大便秘结，甚则神昏谵语，狂躁不得眠，舌苔黄厚干燥，或起芒刺，甚至苔焦黑燥裂，脉沉实或滑数。

4.腹满而吐，食不下，自利，时腹自痛，或苔白腻，脉沉缓，此属（分数：2.00）A.少阴寒化证B.太阴病证√C.厥阴病证D.中焦病证解析：解析：太阴病证是指脾阳虚弱，寒湿内生，以腹满而痛，不欲食，腹泻等为主要表现的虚寒证候。

临床表现腹满而吐，食不下，大便泻泄，口不渴，时腹自痛，四肢欠温，脉沉缓或弱。

5.阳明病腑证的脉象可见（分数：2.00）A.洪数脉B.浮脉C.数脉D.沉迟而实√解析：解析：阳明腑证表现为日晡潮热，手足溅然汗出，脐腹胀满疼痛，拒按，大便秘结，甚则神昏谵语，狂躁不得眠，舌苔黄厚干燥，或起芒刺，甚至苔焦黑燥裂，脉沉实或滑数。

6.少阴病热化证的脉象是（分数：2.00）A.沉细B.细数√C.微细D.沉迟解析：解析：少阴病热化证的临床表现为心烦不得眠，口燥咽干，舌尖红，脉细数。

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(闻诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学（闻诊）-试卷1-1 (总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、【A】1型题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.失音是指【A】.发音困难【B】.声音不清脆【C】.完全不能发音（此项为本题参考答案）【D】.声齐不响亮本题思路：失音即是指完全不能发音。

2.“金实不鸣”的原因多为【A】.邪气犯肺（此项为本题参考答案）【B】.津枯肺损【C】.气虚无力【D】.虚火灼金本题思路：“金实不鸣”是指邪气犯肺而致肺气壅塞不宣，声门闭阻，故有声音嘶哑。

3.成年人的呼吸次数，正常值为【A】.40次/分钟【B】.16～20次/分钟（此项为本题参考答案）【C】.25次/分钟【D】.16次/分钟本题思路：成年人的正常呼吸次数为16～20次/分钟。

4.呼吸微弱，短而声低，称为【A】.上气【B】.短气【C】.气微【D】.少气（此项为本题参考答案）本题思路：少气即是指呼吸微弱，气短而声低。

5.阳虚久病，突发喷嚏连连，多为【A】.阳气回复（此项为本题参考答案）【B】.新感外邪【C】.阳气衰败【D】.阳气亡失本题思路：此为阳气回复之征。

6.神志不清，语言重复，声音低微，时断时续，称为【A】.谵语【B】.郑声（此项为本题参考答案）【C】.独语【D】.错语本题思路：郑声表现为神志不清，语言重复，时断时续，声音低弱，为精气大伤之征。

7.咳嗽声音重浊，吐痰质清色白，鼻塞不通，多为【A】.外感风邪【B】.外感燥邪【C】.外感寒邪（此项为本题参考答案）【D】.外感湿邪本题思路：咳声重浊，吐痰清稀色白，兼有鼻塞不通为感受寒邪。

8.呕吐声音壮厉，呕吐物呈胶黏黄水，或酸或苦，多为【A】.实热之证（此项为本题参考答案）【B】.虚寒之证【C】.热扰神明【D】.食滞胃脘本题思路：呕吐声音壮厉，为实证，呕吐物胶粘色黄或有酸占，为热证。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(其他辨证方法)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学（其他辨证方法）-试卷1-1一、 A1型题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.下列哪项是太阳蓄血证最主要的临床特征A.少腹硬满，小便不利B.其人如狂，少腹急结√C.脘腹痞满，惊悸不宁D.其人发狂，脐腹满痛太阳蓄血证的临床表现是少腹急结或硬满，小便自利，如狂或发狂，善忘，大便色黑如漆，脉沉涩或沉结。

2.鉴别蓄水证与蓄血证，下述哪项最有意义A.少腹硬满或不满B.口渴引饮或不渴C.小便自利或不利√D.大便泄泻或秘结蓄水证以太阳经证与小便不利、小腹满并见为辨证要点。

蓄血证以少腹急结，小便自利，大便色黑等为辨证要点。

3.“胃家实”中的“胃家”，其病位是指A.胃B.脾与胃C.胃与大肠√D.大肠阳明病证是指伤寒病发展过程中，阳热亢盛，胃肠燥热所表现的证候。

阳明病的主要病机是“胃家实”。

“胃家实”：胃家，包括胃与大肠实，指邪气亢盛。

故阳明病的性质属里实热证，为邪正斗争的极期阶段。

4.下列哪项是阳明经证与阳明腑证的鉴别要点A.发热的高低B.有无神志变化C.有无燥屎内结√D.腹满的轻重阳明经证以大热、大汗、大渴、脉洪大为辨证要点。

阳明腑证以潮热汗出，腹满痛，便秘，脉沉实等为辨证要点。

5.下列何证的主症是寒热往来，胸胁苦满，心烦喜呕A.阳明病证B.厥阴病证C.太阴病证D.少阳病证√少阳病证是指邪犯少阳胆腑，枢机不运，经气不利，以寒热往来、胸胁苦满等为主要表现的证候。

6.外邪最易侵袭何经A.厥阴经B.太阳经√C.阳明经D.太阴经循经传是指按伤寒六经的顺序相传者，即太阳病证一阳明病证一少阳病证一太阴病证一少阴病证一厥阴病证。

7.下列哪项是太阴病“腹满”的病机A.腑气不通，气机壅滞B.湿郁化热，气机逆乱C.纳运失常，胃失和降D.寒湿内生，气机阻滞√太阴病“腹满”的病机是脾阳虚弱，寒湿内生，气机阻滞，故见腹满时痛。

8.下列哪项是少阴寒化证中“面赤”的病机A.阳衰阴盛，格阳于上√B.病情向愈，阳气来复C.寒郁化热，蒸腾于上D.卫阳郁闭，从阳化火病至少阴，心肾阳气俱虚，故表现为整体的虚寒证候。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(绪论)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学（绪论）-试卷1-1(总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数：16，分数：32.00)1.最早的病案记录是下列哪本专著（分数：2.00）A.《黄帝内经》B.《伤寒杂病论》C.《诊籍》√D.《周礼》解析：解析：公元前二世纪，西汉名医淳于意创《诊籍》，为最早的病案记录。

2.以下哪本论著对痈、疽、疮、疖诊断较为明确（分数：2.00）A.《刘涓子鬼遗方》√B.《诸病源候论》C.《诊籍》D.《周礼》解析：解析：南齐龚庆宣《刘涓子鬼遗方》对痈、疽、疮、疖诊断已较为明确；《诸病源候论》是我国第一部论述病源和证候诊断的专著。

3.崔紫虚《崔氏脉决》以浮沉迟数为纲，分类论述了多少种脉（分数：2.00）A.48科B.12科C.24科√D.27种解析：解析：崔紫虚《崔氏脉决》以浮沉迟数为纲，分类论述了24种脉；李时珍《濒湖脉学》汇集诸家脉学，分27种脉。

4.《四诊抉微》，内容全面，四诊互参，其作者是（分数：2.00）A.陈修园B.何梦瑶C.张三锡D.林之翰√解析：解析：清林之翰《四诊抉微》，内容全面，色脉并重，四诊互参。

5.《脉经》载脉多少种（分数：2.00）A.24利√B.12种C.48利D.36种解析：解析：《脉经》载脉24种。

须分清载脉24种，27种，28种的书籍和作者。

6.“金元四大家”在诊断方面，注重辩脉重视四诊合参的医家是（分数：2.00）A.刘河间B.李东垣√C.朱丹溪D.张从正解析：解析：“金元四大家”在诊断方面，刘河间注重病机；李东垣注重辩脉，重视四诊合参；朱丹溪主张从外知内，内外相参；张从正诊病则重视鉴别诊断。

7.论舌第一部专著为（分数：2.00）A.《察病指南》B.《南阳活人书》C.《点点金》√D.《幼幼新书》解析：解析：元朝敖氏《点点金》和《金镜录》论伤寒蛇阵，分十二图——乃论舌第一部专著。

8.将诊脉分为三部九候，寸口和24脉脉法的是（分数：2.00）A.《肘后备急方》B.《幼幼新书》C.《备急千金方》D.《脉经》√解析：解析：晋王叔和《脉经》集汉以前脉学之达成，具体阐明脉理，分述三部九候，寸口和24脉脉法，是我国早期的脉学专著。

中医诊断学：按诊答案(最新版)

中医诊断学：按诊答案（最新版）1、单选患者，男，44岁，慢性乙型肝炎病史10多年，骨瘦如柴，少气懒言，腹大如鼓，按之如囊裹水，舌暗苔白滑，脉沉弦。

此为（）A.气胀B.结胸C.水鼓D.心下痞E.瘕聚正确答案：C2（江南博哥）、单选以下病证中，以腹部肿块，痛无定处，时聚时散为主症的是（）。

A.痞满B.癥积C.瘕聚D.虫积E.水鼓正确答案：C3、单选下列各项，不属于按诊手法的是（）。

A.触法B.按法C.压法D.摸法E.叩法正确答案：C4、单选下列各项中，不属按诊常用手法的是（）。

A.触B.摸C.弹D.按E.叩正确答案：C5、单选虚里按之弹手，洪大而搏，其临床意义是（）。

A.宗气内虚B.饮停心包C.心肺气绝D.宗气不守E.心气充盛正确答案：C6、单选诊断心病的常用腧穴是（）。

A.中府、肺俞、太渊B.巨阙、膻中、大陵C.期门、肝俞、太冲D.章门、太白、脾俞E.气海、太溪、心俞正确答案：B7、单选可判断疮疡脓成与否的方法是（）。

A.望之红肿B.摸之有压痛C.病人主诉疼痛剧烈D.脉洪数E.疮疡边硬顶软正确答案：E8、单选癥积常见（）。

A.腹中结块，按之聚散不定，或形如筋状久按转移不定B.腹中肿块，推之不移，痛有定处C.右少腹痛而拒按，有包块应手D.腹中肿块，推之可移，痛无定处E.腹内肿块坚硬如石正确答案：B9、单选诊断胆病的常用腧穴是（）。

A.大肠俞、天枢B.关元、心俞C.日月、胆俞D.胃俞、足三里E.中极、关元正确答案：C10、单选身灼热而肢厥者，属（）。

A.里热证B.里寒证C.真寒假热证D.真热假寒证E.热在半表半里正确答案：D11、单选腹部肿块推之不移，痛有定处者，病属（）。

A.血分B.水分C.痰饮D.寒凝E.气分正确答案：A12、单选虚里按之应手，动而不紧，缓而不怠的机理是（）。

A.宗气内虚B.饮停心包C.心肺气绝D.宗气不守E.心气充盛正确答案：E13、单选疮疡根盘平塌漫肿者属于（）。

A.实证B.虚证C.寒证D.热证E.虚寒证正确答案：B14、单选腹部肿块，痛无定处，时聚时散者，称为（）。

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(绪论)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学（绪论）-试卷1-1 (总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、【A】1型题(总题数：16，分数：32.00)1.最早的病案记录是下列哪本专著【A】.《黄帝内经》【B】.《伤寒杂病论》【C】.《诊籍》（此项为本题参考答案）【D】.《周礼》本题思路：公元前二世纪，西汉名医淳于意创《诊籍》，为最早的病案记录。

2.以下哪本论著对痈、疽、疮、疖诊断较为明确【A】.《刘涓子鬼遗方》（此项为本题参考答案）【B】.《诸病源候论》【C】.《诊籍》【D】.《周礼》本题思路：南齐龚庆宣《刘涓子鬼遗方》对痈、疽、疮、疖诊断已较为明确；《诸病源候论》是我国第一部论述病源和证候诊断的专著。

3.崔紫虚《崔氏脉决》以浮沉迟数为纲，分类论述了多少种脉【A】.48科【B】.12科【C】.24科（此项为本题参考答案）【D】.27种本题思路：崔紫虚《崔氏脉决》以浮沉迟数为纲，分类论述了24种脉；李时珍《濒湖脉学》汇集诸家脉学，分27种脉。

4.《四诊抉微》，内容全面，四诊互参，其作者是【B】.何梦瑶【C】.张三锡【D】.林之翰（此项为本题参考答案）本题思路：清林之翰《四诊抉微》，内容全面，色脉并重，四诊互参。

5.《脉经》载脉多少种【A】.24利（此项为本题参考答案）【B】.12种【C】.48利【D】.36种本题思路：《脉经》载脉24种。

须分清载脉24种，27种，28种的书籍和作者。

6.“金元四大家”在诊断方面，注重辩脉重视四诊合参的医家是【B】.李东垣（此项为本题参考答案）【C】.朱丹溪【D】.张从正本题思路：“金元四大家”在诊断方面，刘河间注重病机；李东垣注重辩脉，重视四诊合参；朱丹溪主张从外知内，内外相参；张从正诊病则重视鉴别诊断。

7.论舌第一部专著为【A】.《察病指南》【B】.《南阳活人书》【C】.《点点金》（此项为本题参考答案）【D】.《幼幼新书》本题思路：元朝敖氏《点点金》和《金镜录》论伤寒蛇阵，分十二图——乃论舌第一部专著。

2024年研究生考试《中医综合》练习题(含答案)

2024年研究生考试《中医综合》练习题及答案学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、单选题(35题)1.热裂津亏与血虚不荣均可见的表现（）。

A.裂纹舌B.齿痕舌C.点刺舌D.胖大舌2.女性，63岁，排便不畅，便质不干，临厕努挣乏力，腹胀，舌质淡，脉弱。

根据针灸处方选穴选择，辨证选配的主穴是（）。

A.天枢，支沟，脾俞，阴陵泉，丰隆B.天枢，支沟，大肠俞，上巨虚，照海C.天枢，支沟，关元，下脘，丰隆D.天枢，支沟，脾俞，三阴交，公孙3.常用冰片而不用麝香治疗的是（）。

A.水火烫伤B.血滞经闭C.咽喉肿痛D.跌打损伤4.以下不属于桂苓甘露饮的组成的是（）。

A.白术、茯苓B.泽泻、猪苓C.石膏、滑石D.桂枝、车前子5.《素问·水热穴论》“肾者，胃之关”的含义是（）。

A.肾阳帮助脾胃的运化功能B.肾气的固摄主司二便的排泄C.肾为封藏之本，主司精的藏泄D.肾气的蒸腾气化作用主司尿液的生成与排泄6.患者心悸胸闷，下肢水肿，小便短少，胃寒肢冷，朦胧欲睡，口唇紫暗，舌淡紫苔白滑，脉沉细无力，其诊断是（）。

A.心阳虚证B.肾虚水泛证C.心肾阳虚证D.脾肾阳虚证7.下列根据五行相生规律确定的治法是（）。

A.佐金平木B.泻心清肝C.疏肝健脾D.培土制水8.治疗饮食积滞，泻而不畅的常用药是（）。

A.火麻仁B.大腹皮C.大黄D.甘遂9.参苏饮组成药物（）。

A.前胡、茯苓、桔梗B.木香、葛根、砂仁C.杏仁、白前、荆芥D.茯苓、甘草、白术10.根据《中华人民共和国执业医师法》第二十二条的规定，不属于医师所履行的义务的是（）。

A.保护患者隐私B.宣传卫生保健知识，对患者进行健康教育C.努力钻研业务，提高业务技术水平D.参加专业学术团体，担任学术职务11.下列关于“魄门”的启闭与五脏关系的叙述，不正确的是（）。

A.依赖于肾气的推动和固摄B.依赖于肝气的条达与疏泄C.依赖于肺气的升提D.依赖于脾气的运化12.玉女煎主治（）。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学（望诊）-试卷1-1(总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.神在全身皆有表现，却突出地表现于A.语言B.动态C.目光√D.表情神是机体生命活动及精神意识状态的综合体现，而五脏六腑之精气皆上注于目，眼睛又被称为“心灵的窗户”，故神虽全身皆有表现，但却突出地反映于目光。

2.下列哪项属“假神”的表现A.语无伦次B.面部潮红C.反应迟钝D.突然能食√垂危的病人，数日不能进食，突然欲食，井非好转，而是假神的表观。

3.久病精气衰竭的病人，突然精神好转，食欲大增，颧赤如妆，语言不休。

此属A.有利B.无神C.假神√D.失神病人出现的一时性好转与其危重病情不相符，故当属假象。

4.戴阳症的面色是A.满面通红B.颧部潮红C.颧红如妆√D.面青颊赤戴阳证病人，由于阴不敛阳，以致虚阳浮越于上，而见颧红如妆。

5.面色随四时不同而微有变化，秋天的面色相应为A.稍赤B.稍白√C.稍青D.稍黄根据五行学说，白色与秋季相应，故面色在秋季表现为稍白。

6.形成面色青的原因主要是A.寒凝√B.湿阻C.气虚D.痰滞寒凝则气滞血瘀，经脉拘急收引，故面色发青。

7.形成面色黄的原因主要是A.阴寒内盛B.脾虚湿蕴√C.心肺气虚D.肾阴亏损黄为脾虚湿蕴之象。

脾失健运则水湿内停，气而不充，故面色发黄。

8.颧部潮红主病A.心火亢盛B.阴虚内热√C.阳明实热D.虚阳浮越色红主热。

阴虚火旺者不似阳盛发热之满面通红，而是表现为两颧潮红。

9.脾胃气虚，气血不足的病人，面色常表现为A.白B.萎黄√C.苍D.色黄晦暗脾胃气虚，气血化生乏源，则面色淡黄无泽，枯槁无光，称为萎黄。

10.面色黄而虚浮，称为A.萎黄B.黄疸C.阴黄D.黄胖√脾失健运，水湿泛溢肌肤，故面黄虚浮。

11.病人坐而喜仰多属A.脾气虚衰B.肺虚气少C.肺实气逆√D.咳喘肺胀肺主气司呼吸，痰饮壅滞于肺，影响肺气宜降而气逆，故坐而仰首。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)-试卷1-2

考研中医综合中医诊断学（按诊）-试卷1-2(总分：216.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数：48，分数：96.00)1.七情损伤，首先影响A.精气B.津气C.心神√D.运化七情首先影响心神——情志之伤，虽五脏各有所属，然求其所由，则无不从心而发。

2.痰饮的致病特点为A.阻滞气血运行√B.多发于肝、肾、胆、胃、膀胱等脏腑C.影响血脉运行D.影响新血生成痰饮致病特点为：(1)阻滞气血运行：痰饮阻于经络、脏腑，妨碍气血运行，出现肢体麻木，屈伸不利等症状。

(2)影响水液代谢：主要是影响肺、脾、肾三脏的生理功能。

(3)易于蒙蔽心神：痰蒙心窍或痰火扰神，出现头晕目眩，痴呆癫狂，神昏谵妄。

(4)致病广泛，变幻多端：百病多由痰作祟、怪病多痰，痰饮随气流行全身各处。

并容易兼邪致病，病证繁。

3.下列哪项不是瘀血的致病特点A.易于蒙蔽心神√B.易于阻滞气机C.影响血脉运行D.病位固定、病证繁多瘀血的致病特点为：(1)易于阻滞气机：血瘀必兼气滞，如外伤出血，局部气机郁滞，而见青紫、肿胀、疼痛等症。

(2)影响血脉运行：如瘀阻心脉出现胸痹心痛；瘀阻脉道，可血逸脉外；阻滞经脉，气血运行不利，可见唇甲青紫，皮肤、舌面瘀斑，脉涩不畅。

(3)影响新血生成：瘀血不去，新血不生，肌肤甲错，毛发不荣。

(4)病位固定、病证繁多。

4.下列哪项对燥邪的叙述是不正确的A.凡致病具有干燥、收敛等特性的外邪称为燥邪B.燥邪伤人，多从口鼻而入，首犯肺卫，肺卫失宣，发为外燥病症C.燥为秋季的主气，兼邪不同可分温燥、凉燥。

温燥发于初秋尚有夏末之余热，由燥与热合所致，凉燥发于深秋近冬寒，由燥与寒合所致D.燥邪起病隐缓，病程迁延，反复发作，缠绵难愈√D为湿性黏滞病程缠绵的致病特点。

5.下列哪项是结石的形成原因A.饮食不当B.情志内伤C.药物服用不当D.以上均是√结石形成的原因是：(1)饮食不当：偏食肥甘厚味，内生湿热，蕴结肝胆，久而为胆结行；空腹吃柿子、生枣。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

考研中医综合中医诊断学（按诊）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. A1型题 2. B1型题 3. X型题1．“( )则心有所存，神有所归，正气留而不行，故气结矣。

”A．忧B．思C．悲D．恐正确答案：B解析：《素问.举痛论》原文。

知识模块：中医基础理论2．疾病发生的内在根据是A．正气不足B．正邪斗争C．内外环境之间的相互影响D．阴阳失调正确答案：A解析：中医发病学很重视人体的正气，认为内脏功能正常，正气旺盛，气血充盈，卫外固密，病邪难于侵入，疾病无从发生，《素问.遗篇.刺法论》说：“正气存内，邪不可干。

”只有在人体正气相对虚弱，卫外不固，抗邪无力的情况下，邪气方能乘虚而入，使人体阴阳失调，脏腑经络功能紊乱才能发生疾病。

知识模块：中医基础理论3．下列关于湿邪的说法不正确的是A．湿性类水，故为阴邪B．阴胜则阳病，尤以损伤脾阳为著C．湿为阴邪，具有寒冷、凝结、收引的特性D．气机升降失常，则导致胸闷、脘痞、二便不爽正确答案：C解析：C项为寒邪的特点。

知识模块：中医基础理论4．下列哪项不是暑邪的致病特点A．暑为阳邪，其性炎热B．暑性升散，耗气伤津C．暑多夹湿D．暑热易生风动血正确答案：D解析：D项为火邪的致病特点。

知识模块：中医基础理论5．七情首先影响A．肝气B．心神C．脾气D．肺津正确答案：B解析：七情首先影响心神——情志之伤，虽五脏各有所属，然求其所由，则无不从心而发。

知识模块：中医基础理论6．头胀头痛、甚则呕血、昏厥，属于A．怒则气上B．惊则气乱C．悲则气消D．恐则气下正确答案：A解析：七情影响脏腑气机如下：(1)怒则气上——过度愤怒，使肝气横逆上冲——头胀头痛、甚则呕血、昏厥。

(2)喜则气缓——过喜使心气涣散，神不守舍——精神不集中，甚则失神狂乱。

(3)悲则气消一一过度悲忧，损伤肺气——精神萎靡，气短乏力。

(4)恐则气下——恐惧过度，使肾气不固，气泄于下一一二便失禁，甚则遗精。

昏厥。

(5)惊则气乱——心无所倚，神无所归，虑无所定——心悸，惊恐不安。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)-试卷1-1.doc

考研中医综合中医诊断学（按诊）-试卷1-1(总分：62.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、A1型题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.下述哪项是手指稍用力，寻抚局部的按诊方法（分数：2.00）A.摸法B.叩法C.触法D.压法2.下列不属按诊考察的内容是（分数：2.00）A.局部的冷热B.皮肤的润燥C.局部的颜色D.是否有肿块3.下列不属按诊考察的内容是（分数：2.00）A.脉象之浮沉迟数B.大便之质地颜色C.肿块之软硬大小D.疼痛喜按或拒按4.张仲景作为鉴别疾病的重要依据是按（分数：2.00）A.胁肋部B.胸腹部C.胃院部D.脐腹部5.按胸腹部时，病人应采取的体位是（分数：2.00）A.俯卧位B.侧卧位C.仰卧位D.截石位6.诸病有声，鼓之如鼓，皆属于（分数：2.00）A.寒B.热C.火D.湿7.“诸病有声，鼓之如鼓”，所属的诊法是（分数：2.00）A.触法B.摸法C.按法D.叩法8.诊腹大而胀的病人，叩之如鼓者，多诊断为（分数：2.00）A.水鼓B.气鼓C.食积D.虫积9.下列哪项常见体虚而虚里脉动数（分数：2.00）A.中气不守B.心阳不足C.心血不足D.心气不足10.肝气郁结的表现不包括下列哪项（分数：2.00）A.两胁胀痛拒按B.两胁痛引少腹C.胁痛喜按无力D.胁胀痛善人息11.下列哪项是阴虚发热的表现（分数：2.00）A.壮热不退B.身热不扬C.手足心热D.手足背热12.腹部肿块，推之不移，痛有定处，多为（分数：2.00）A.瘕聚B.癥积C.食积D.鼓胀13.腹部有肿块，痛尤定处，按之无形，聚散不定，多为（分数：2.00）A.瘕聚B.癥积C.食积D.鼓胀14.下列哪项为初按不甚热，按久热明显（分数：2.00）A.骨蒸潮热B.寒热往来C.身热不扬D.虚阳浮越15.下列哪项表现为阵发性腹痛，有块，聚散不定（分数：2.00）A.肠痈B.食积C.癥瘕D.虫积二、B1型题(总题数：4，分数：16.00)A．肺胀气阻B．水停胸胁C．胸部外伤D．腹内肿瘤（分数：4.00）(1).上述哪项多见胸高气喘，叩之嘭嘭然声清（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).上述哪项多见胸廓饱满，疼痛，叩之音实（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.A．宗气内虚B．宗气外泄C．心肺气绝D．心阳不足（分数：4.00）(1).按虚里穴，其搏动迟弱，为（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).按虚里穴，其搏动应衣，为（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.A．寒B．虚C．热证D．实证（分数：4.00）(1).按压腹部，肌肤凉而喜温，多属（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).按压腹部，肌肤灼而喜凉，多属（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.A．肠痈B．痛经C．泄泻D．燥尿（分数：4.00）(1).左少腹作痛，按之有累累的硬块的是（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).右少腹作痛拒按，按之包块应手的是（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、X型题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)16.可出现腰部叩击痛的疾病有（分数：2.00）A.肝胆疾病B.肝脾疾病C.肾脏疾病D.局部骨骼疾病17.按诊的内容包括（分数：2.00）A.按肌肤B.按手足C.按胸胁D.按脘腹18.以下哪些属于按胸胁所包括的部位（分数：2.00）A.前胸B.肩胛C.脊背D.胁肋19.按腧穴可诊断胃病的穴位有（分数：2.00）A.胃俞B.膪中C.日月D.足三里20.可导致肌肤甲错的原因有（分数：2.00）A.血虚B.气虚C.气滞D.淤血21.通过按胁肋，可了解的脏腑病变有（分数：2.00）A.心病B.肝病C.胆病D.胃病22.通过按腹部，可了解的脏腑病变有（分数：2.00）A.小肠B.胞宫C.大肠D.膀胱23.按虚里的临床意义有（分数：2.00）A.可测宗气的强弱B.疾病的虚实C.可测卫气强弱D.预后的吉凶。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(病因辨证)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学（病因辨证）-试卷1-1(总分：62.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.患者关节疼痛，沉重不移者，属于（分数：2.00）A.行痹B.着痹√C.痛痹D.热痹解析：解析：行痹属于风邪致病，风为阳邪，善行而数变，故肢体关节疼痛具有游走不定的特点；着痹属于湿邪致病，湿为阴邪，重浊黏腻，故关节疼痛具有沉重不移的特点；痛痹属于寒邪致病，寒淫证具有凝滞，收引的特性，故关节表现为拘急冷痛；热痹属于火热之邪致病，为阳热之邪，关节疼痛并有发热感。

2.下列各项，不属于燥淫证的是（分数：2.00）A.干咳少痰B.咽喉疼痛C.脉数有力√D.大便干燥解析：解析：此题属于识记并理解类考题，考题具有一定难度。

燥邪侵袭，易伤津液，临床主要表现为皮肤干燥，咽喉干燥疼痛，舌苔干燥，大便干燥，干咳少痰，脉象偏浮等，脉数有力是火热证的表现。

3.凉燥与温燥的共同点是（分数：2.00）A.有汗B.无汗C.脉浮数D.干咳少痰√解析：解析：此题属于识记并理解类考题，考题具有一定难度，选项具有一定迷惑性。

凉燥与温燥均属于燥邪治病，燥邪的临床变现为皮肤干燥甚或皲裂，脱屑，口唇，鼻孔，咽喉干燥，口渴饮水，舌苔干燥，大便干燥，或见干咳少痰，痰黏难咯，小便短黄，脉象偏浮等。

除以上表现外，凉燥常有恶寒发热，无汗，头痛，脉浮缓或浮紧等表寒症状；温燥常有发热有汗，咽喉疼痛，心烦，舌红，脉浮数等表热症状。

4.外感风邪所致中风表虚证，常见（分数：2.00）A.无汗出B.有汗出√C.大汗出D.冷汗出解析：解析：此题可用排除法，风邪治病，风为阳邪，其性开泄，故汗出；无汗为寒淫证的表现。

大汗出见于火热证，冷汗见于亡阳证。

5.湿淫患者头重如裹，遍体不舒，四肢懈怠，属于（分数：2.00）A.内湿B.外湿√C.湿伤关节D.湿渍肌肤解析：解析：湿淫证可表现为外湿和内湿，外湿以肢体困重，酸痛为主，或见皮肤湿疹，瘙痒，或有恶寒微热，病位在体表，是湿郁于肌表，阻滞经气所致；内湿以脘腹痞胀，纳呆，恶心，便稀等为主，病位在内脏，是湿邪阻滞气机，脾胃运化失调所致。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学（望诊）-试卷1-1(总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.神在全身皆有表现，却突出地表现于（分数：2.00）A.语言B.动态C.目光√D.表情解析：解析：神是机体生命活动及精神意识状态的综合体现，而五脏六腑之精气皆上注于目，眼睛又被称为“心灵的窗户”，故神虽全身皆有表现，但却突出地反映于目光。

2.下列哪项属“假神”的表现（分数：2.00）A.语无伦次B.面部潮红C.反应迟钝D.突然能食√解析：解析：垂危的病人，数日不能进食，突然欲食，井非好转，而是假神的表观。

3.久病精气衰竭的病人，突然精神好转，食欲大增，颧赤如妆，语言不休。

此属（分数：2.00）A.有利B.无神C.假神√D.失神解析：解析：病人出现的一时性好转与其危重病情不相符，故当属假象。

4.戴阳症的面色是（分数：2.00）A.满面通红B.颧部潮红C.颧红如妆√D.面青颊赤解析：解析：戴阳证病人，由于阴不敛阳，以致虚阳浮越于上，而见颧红如妆。

5.面色随四时不同而微有变化，秋天的面色相应为（分数：2.00）A.稍赤B.稍白√C.稍青D.稍黄解析：解析：根据五行学说，白色与秋季相应，故面色在秋季表现为稍白。

6.形成面色青的原因主要是（分数：2.00）A.寒凝√B.湿阻C.气虚D.痰滞解析：解析：寒凝则气滞血瘀，经脉拘急收引，故面色发青。

7.形成面色黄的原因主要是（分数：2.00）A.阴寒内盛B.脾虚湿蕴√C.心肺气虚D.肾阴亏损解析：解析：黄为脾虚湿蕴之象。

脾失健运则水湿内停，气而不充，故面色发黄。

8.颧部潮红主病（分数：2.00）A.心火亢盛B.阴虚内热√C.阳明实热D.虚阳浮越解析：解析：色红主热。

阴虚火旺者不似阳盛发热之满面通红，而是表现为两颧潮红。

9.脾胃气虚，气血不足的病人，面色常表现为（分数：2.00）A.白B.萎黄√C.苍D.色黄晦暗解析：解析：脾胃气虚，气血化生乏源，则面色淡黄无泽，枯槁无光，称为萎黄。

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学（望诊）-试卷1-1 (总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、【A】1型题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.神在全身皆有表现，却突出地表现于【A】.语言【B】.动态【C】.目光（此项为本题参考答案）【D】.表情本题思路：神是机体生命活动及精神意识状态的综合体现，而五脏六腑之精气皆上注于目，眼睛又被称为“心灵的窗户”，故神虽全身皆有表现，但却突出地反映于目光。

2.下列哪项属“假神”的表现【A】.语无伦次【B】.面部潮红【C】.反应迟钝【D】.突然能食（此项为本题参考答案）本题思路：垂危的病人，数日不能进食，突然欲食，井非好转，而是假神的表观。

3.久病精气衰竭的病人，突然精神好转，食欲大增，颧赤如妆，语言不休。

此属【A】.有利【B】.无神【C】.假神（此项为本题参考答案）【D】.失神本题思路：病人出现的一时性好转与其危重病情不相符，故当属假象。

4.戴阳症的面色是【A】.满面通红【B】.颧部潮红【C】.颧红如妆（此项为本题参考答案）【D】.面青颊赤本题思路：戴阳证病人，由于阴不敛阳，以致虚阳浮越于上，而见颧红如妆。

5.面色随四时不同而微有变化，秋天的面色相应为【A】.稍赤【B】.稍白（此项为本题参考答案）【C】.稍青【D】.稍黄本题思路：根据五行学说，白色与秋季相应，故面色在秋季表现为稍白。

6.形成面色青的原因主要是【A】.寒凝（此项为本题参考答案）【B】.湿阻【C】.气虚【D】.痰滞本题思路：寒凝则气滞血瘀，经脉拘急收引，故面色发青。

7.形成面色黄的原因主要是【A】.阴寒内盛【B】.脾虚湿蕴（此项为本题参考答案）【C】.心肺气虚【D】.肾阴亏损本题思路：黄为脾虚湿蕴之象。

脾失健运则水湿内停，气而不充，故面色发黄。

8.颧部潮红主病【A】.心火亢盛【B】.阴虚内热（此项为本题参考答案）。

中医综合-中医诊断学(一)_真题-无答案

中医综合-中医诊断学(一)(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion about it (1) develop a point of view. But this hasn’t stopped many film **puter fans from agreeing (2) the early conventional wisdom about digital cameras —they’re neat (3) for your PC, but they’re not suitable for everyd ay picture taking.The fans are wrong. More than anything else, digital cameras are radically (4) what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography (5) we know, it is beginning to seem out of (6) with the way we live. In **puter and camcorder (7) , saving pictures as digital (8) and watching them on TV is no less practical —and in many ways more (9) than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be (10) .Paper is also terribly (11) . Pictures that are incorrectly framed, (12) , or lighted are **mitted to film and ultimately processed into prints.The digital medium changes the (13) . Still images that are (14) digitally can immediately be shown on a computer (15) , a TV screen, or a small liquid crystal display (LCD) built right into the camera. And since the points of light that (16) an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, (17) being permanently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted (18) .What’s it like to (19) with one of these digital cameras? It’s a little like a first date —exciting, confusing and fraught with (20) .1. [A] rather than [B] let alone [C] much less [D] so as to2. [A] on [B] with [C] to [D] by3. [A] attachments [B] auxiliaries [C] attributes [D] counterparts4. [A]reexplaining [B] rearranging [C] reexposing [D] redefining5. [A] though [B] if [C] as [D] unless6. [A] rate [B] pace [C] step [D] speed7. [A] environment [B] civilization [C] community [D] culture8. [A] files [B] documentaries [C] programs [D] softwares9. [A] appealing [B] facilitating [C] enlightening [D] encouraging10. [A] converted [B] developed [C] exposed [D] evolved11. [A] unforgiving [B] unperceiving [C] unconsidering [D] unsympathizing12. [A] aimed [B] targeted [C] focused [D] pointed13. [A] regulations [B] rules [C] disciplines [D] principles14. [A] gripped [B] seized [C] grasped [D] captured15. [A] demonstrator [B] exhibitor [C] monitor [D] transmitter16. [A] constitute [B] illuminate [C] penetrate [D] dissolve17. [A] in case [B] rather than [C] as well as [D] as though18. [A] on-digit [B] on-cable [C] on-line [D] on-data19. [A] fire [B] maneuver [C] operate [D] shoot20. [A] chances [B] probabilities [C] opportunities [D] possibilitiesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormously pleasing.I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur: "Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!" (No Mr. Jones, I'm NOT French, I'm not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name wasAhmed, was infinitely softer and less public in approach.For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building opposite. In between, hearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going.I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernaculars of their own: so that the word for "people", for instance, might be nais, sah 'ab or sooken.Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writing the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling to drive the French negative into the still confused mind of Mr Jones.21. Which of the following is not characteristic of Mr Beheit?A. He had a neat and clean appearance.B. He was volatile and highly emotionalC. He was very modest about his success in teaching.D. He sometimes lost his temper and shouted loudly when teaching.22. It is known from' the passage that the writer______.A. had a **mand of FrenchB. couldn't make sounds properly when learning ArabicC. spoke highly of Mr Beheit's achievements in language teachingD. didn't like Ahmed's style of teaching23. It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed was______.A. a fast speakerB. a boring speakerC. a laconic speakerD. an interesting speaker24. The word "modicum" in the last paragraph can be replaced by______.A. competenceB. excellenceC. mimicryD. smattering25. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. The writer's intended journey created particular difficulties in his learning of Arabic.B. The reading and writing of the Arabic script gave the writer lasting pleasure.C. The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewarding.D. The writer regarded Ahmed's praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-cheekText 2It seems impossible to have an honest conversation about global warming. I say this after diligently perusing the British government's huge report released last week by Sir Nicholas Stern, former chief economist of the World Bank and now a high civil servant. The report is a masterpiece of misleading public relations. It foresees dire consequences if global warming isn't curbed: a worldwide depression and flooding of many coastal cities. Meanwhile, the costs of minimizing these awful outcomes are small: only 1 percent of world economic output in 2050.No sane person could fail to conclude that we should conquer global warming instantly, if not sooner. Who could disagree? Well, me. Stem's headlined conclusions are intellectual fictions. They're essentially fabrications to justify an aggressive anti-global-warming agenda. The danger of that is that we'd end up with the worst of both worlds: a program that harms the economy without much cutting of greenhouse gases.Let me throw some messy realities onto Stern's tidy picture. In the global-warming debate, there's a big gap between public rhetoric and public behavior. Greenhouse emissions continue to rise despite many earnest pledges to control them. Just last week, the United Nations reported that of the 41 countries it monitors (not including most developing nations), 34 had increased greenhouse emissions from 2000 to 2004. These include most **mitted to reducing emissions under the Kyoto Protocol.Why is this? In rich democracies, policies that might curb greenhouse gases require politicians and the public to act in exceptionally "enlightened" ways. They have to accept "pain" now for benefits that won't materialize for decades, probably after they're dead. And even if rich countries cut emissions, it won't make much difference unless poor countries do likewise and so far, they've refused because that might jeopardize their economic growth and poverty-reduction efforts.The notion that there's only a modest tension between suppressing greenhouse gases and sustaining economic growth is highly dubious. Stern arrives at his trivial costs—that 1 percent of world GDP in 2050—by essentially assuming them. His estimates presume that, with proper policies, technological improvements will automatically reconcile declining emissions with adequate economic growth. This is a heroic leap. To check warming, Stern wants annual emissions 25 percent below current levels by 2050. The IEA projects that economic growth by 2050 would more than double emissions. At present, we can't bridge that gap.The other great distortion in Stern's report involves global warming's effects. No one knows what these might be, because we don't know how much warming might occur, when, where, orhow easily people might adapt. Stern's horrific specter distills many of the most terrifying guesses, including some imagined for the 22nd century, and implies they're imminent. The idea is to scare people while reassuring them that policies to avert calamity, if started now, would be fairly easy and inexpensive.26. According to the author, Stern's program[A] will help to curb global warming.[B] will foster the healthy development of economy.[C] will result in the worst of both worlds.[D] will meet with resistance from the general public.27. The author agrees with Stern that[A] global warming is something to fight with.[B] curbing global warming will not affect economy.[C] an aggressive anti-global-warming agenda is necessary.[D] not much cost will be involved in conquering global warming.28. The author asserts that Stem's picture about the possibility of conquering global warming[A] is too pessimistic.[B] is oversimplified.[C] is very imaginative.[D] ignores the efforts by rich countries.29. In the fifth paragraph, "that gap" refers to the gap between[A] the annual emissions of the rich and poor countries.[B] the current levels of emission and levels set by Stern.[C] reducing greenhouse gases and sustaining economic growth.[D] making proper policies and achieving technological advances.30. In his report, Stern overstates[A] the remedies for a possible economic slowdown.[B] the necessity for a sustainable economic growth.[C] the costs of minimizing the effects of global warming.[D] the dangers global warming may cause to the world.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today' s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the U. S. for manygenerations--apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren't likely to get any taller. "In the general population to- day, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much gone as far as we can go," says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their in- crease in height appears to result from the **mon practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5'9" for men, 5'4" for women—hasn't really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and can- not easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. "There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism," says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass. , ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident.\31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4More than 40 million Americans between the ages of 5 and 18 attend schools throughout the United States. About 2 million school-age children are taught at home. While home schooling offers an alternative to the school environment, it has become a controversial issue.Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face of public education and a damaging move for the children. Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, the hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Some public schools have moved closer to tolerance, and，even in some cases, are seeking cooperation with home schoolers. " We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers. Let's give the kids access to public school so they'll see it's not as terrible as they've been told, and they'll want to come back, " says John Marshall, an education official.Perhaps, but don't count on it, say home-school advocates. Some home schoolers oppose that public school system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education—whether fueled by religious belief or the individual child's interests and natural pace—is best. Other home schoolers contend " not so much that the schools teach heresy, but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately." "These parents are highly independent and strive to 'take responsibility' for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient. " says Van Gallon.But Howard Carol, spokesman for America's largest teachers union, argues that home schooling parents are trying to hide their children from the real world, says Van Gallon. " Maybe we are going to run into people with problems, people that have a drug problem, people that have an alcohol problem, and teenage pregnancy. We have many problems that happen in our society and many of the children are victims. But shielding the children from the real mix of what happens every day is denying them something that they are going to need later in life. " Mr. Carol also questioned **petence of parents as teachers though he admitted that some home schoolers do better academically. " We want to make sure that a student is not denied the full range of curriculum experiences and appropriate materials, especially now with the new technology that is being introduced and the costs involved there. "" The success of home schooling has been documented in standardized test scores administered by public school officials, " says Frank Bernet, the executive director of the National Association of College Admission Councilors. " I know why they are doing it, but I wonder why they can't work with school officials and teachers to make the school what they want it to be. " The response from home schoolers: " We have tried that. NOW it's time to strike out on our own. \36. The author writes this passage to show that______.[A] public school is becoming more and more inefficient[B] public school is still preferred by the majority[C] home schooling becomes an alternative to public schools[D] opinions differ over home schooling37. Public school teaching, in the opinions of home school advocates, is______.[A] systematic[B] inefficient[C] uninteresting[D] superficial38. Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because______.[A] they **e to realize the futility of the hard line[B] they have benefited from cooperation with home schoolers[C] home schooling has some advantages in teaching[D] children should be given chances to go back to school39. The author's overall attitude toward home schooling is______.[A] objective[B] hostile[C] critical[D] agreeable40. It can be concluded from the passage that______.[A] home schooling has become an important form of education in the U. S.[B] public schoolers and home schoolers reject each other vigorously[C] there is much controversy as to the emergence of home schooling[D] home schooling education is far inferior to public school educationPart BDirections:You are going to read a text about how to keep your job, followed by a list of important examples. Choose the best examples from the list A - F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Glass, in one form or another, has long been in noble service to humans. As one of the most widely used of manufactured materials, and certainly the most versatile, it can be as imposing as a telescope mirror the width of a tennis court or as small and simple as a marble rolling across dirt.41. ______The uses of this adaptable material have been broadened dramatically by new technologies: glass fiber optics—more than eight million miles—carrying telephone and television signals across nations; glass ceramics serving as the nose cones of missiles and as crowns for teeth; tiny glass beads taking radiation doses inside the body to specific organs; even a new type of glassfashioned of nuclear waste in order to dispose of that unwanted material.42. ______On the horizon are **puters. These could store programs and process information by means of light—pulses from tiny lasers—rather than electrons. And the pulses would travel over glass fibers, not copper wire. These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today's **puters and hold vastly more information. Today fiber optics are used to obtain a clearer image of smaller and smaller objects than ever before—even bacterial viruses. Anew generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells. It is the surge in fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays that has set the U. S. glass industry (a 16 billion dollar business employing some 150, 000 workers) to building new plants to meet demand.43. ______But not all the glass technology that touches our lives is ultra-modem. Consider the simple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown, and the cost of one was equivalent to half a day's pay for the average worker. In effect, the invention of the ribbon machine by Coming in the 1920s lighted a nation. The price of a bulb plunged. Small wonder that the machine has been called one of the great mechanical achievements of all time. Yet it is very simple: a narrow ribbon of molten glass travels over a moving belt of steel in which there are holes. The glass sags through the holes and into waiting moulds. Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass. In this way, the envelope of a light bulb is made by a single machine at the rate of 66,000 an hour, as compared with 1,200 a day produced by a team of four glassblowers.44. ______The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure. Although it is rigid, and thus like a solid, the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion, characteristic of a liquid. In the melting process, the atoms in the raw materials are disturbed from their normal position in the molecular structure; before they can find their way back to crystalline arrangements the glass cools. This looseness in molecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous "formability" which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.45. ______Today, scientists continue to experiment with new glass mixtures and building designers test their imaginations with applications of special types of glass. A London architect, Mike Davies, sees even more dramatic buildings using molecular chemistry. "Glass is the great building material of the future, the 'dynamic skin'," he said." Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric currents going through it, glass that will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button, that gives you instant curtains."Think of how the tall buildings in New York could perform a symphony of colours as the glass in them is made to change colours instantly. Glass as instant curtains is available now, but the cost is exorbitant. As for the glass changing colours instantly, that **e true. Mike Davies's vision may indeed be on the way to fulfillment.[A] What makes glass so adaptable[B] Architectural experiments with glass[C] Glass art galleries flourish[D] Exciting innovations in fiber optics[E] A former glass technology[F] New uses of glass41.42.43.44.45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)(46) A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England' s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has resented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles Ⅱ, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685, as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England' s possessions through the use of what Webb calls "garrison government." Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb' s view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the "garrison," that is. by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor' s command.According to Webb, the purpose of garrison government was to provide military support for a royal policy designed to limit the power of the upper classes in the American colonies. (47) Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of **mon people but of the colonial upper classes, a coalition of merchants and nobility who favored self-rule and sought to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive. It was, according to Webb, the colonial governors who favored the small farmer, opposed the plantation system, and tried through taxation to break up large holdings of land. Backed by the military presence of the garrison, these governors tried to prevent the gentry and merchants, allied in the colonial assemblies, from transforming colonial America into a capitalistic oligarchy.(48) Webb' s study illuminates the political alignments that existed in the colonies in the century prior to the American Revolution, but his view of the crown' s use of the military as an instrument of colonial policy is not entirely convincing. England during the seventeenth century was not noted for its military achievements. Cromwell did mount England's most ambitious overseas military expedition in more than a century, but it proved to be an utter failure. Under Charles Ⅱ, the English army was too small to be a major instrument of government. (49) Not until the war in France in 1697 did William Ⅲpersuade Parliament to create a professional standing army, and Parliament' s price for doing so was to keep the army under tight legislative。