模拟试卷及答案
高考仿真模拟语文试卷答案
一、现代文阅读(共25分)1. 答案:D解析:根据原文第三段“尽管如此,这种尝试并未得到广泛认可”,可知作者对这种尝试持保留态度。
2. 答案:C解析:根据原文第二段“这些作品在表现手法上往往较为新颖,但内容却相对简单”,可知C选项符合原文描述。
3. 答案:B解析:根据原文第四段“这种小说常常以独特的视角、丰富的想象力吸引读者”,可知B选项正确。
二、古代诗文阅读(共35分)4. 答案:(1)D(2)A解析:根据原文“愿乘长风破万里浪,直挂云帆济沧海”可知,D选项正确;根据原文“遥知兄弟登高处,遍插茱萸少一人”可知,A选项正确。
5. 答案:(1)C(2)B解析:根据原文“文章以‘梦’为线索,通过梦境的描绘,反映了作者对人生的感悟”,可知C选项正确;根据原文“诗中通过‘望岳’、‘归隐’等意象,表达了作者对人生、理想的思考”,可知B选项正确。
三、语言文字运用(共20分)6. 答案:A解析:根据题意,选项A符合语境。
7. 答案:C解析:根据题意,选项C符合语法规则。
8. 答案:D解析:根据题意,选项D符合修辞手法。
四、作文(共60分)题目:青春,我们共同书写答案:青春,是人生中最美好的时光。
在这个阶段,我们拥有无尽的梦想、激情和活力。
正是这些特质,让我们在青春的道路上,不断追求、不断进步。
青春,是我们共同书写的历史。
从校园生活到社会实践,我们携手前行,共同经历了许多难忘的瞬间。
在学习中,我们相互鼓励、共同进步;在活动中,我们团结协作、共同成长。
这些经历,让我们更加坚定信念,勇往直前。
青春,是我们奋斗的舞台。
在这个舞台上,我们挥洒汗水,追求卓越。
无论是学业、事业,还是兴趣爱好,我们都在努力拼搏,追求更高的目标。
正是这种拼搏精神,让我们在青春的道路上,不断超越自我,成就非凡。
青春,是我们感悟人生的起点。
在这个阶段,我们开始思考人生的意义,探索生活的真谛。
我们懂得了珍惜、懂得了付出,懂得了感恩。
这些感悟,让我们在青春的道路上,更加坚定地走向成熟。
初中信息技术真题模拟试卷含参考答案(5套)
初中信息技术模拟试卷含答案一、单项选择题(共20题,每题3分,共计60分)1.关于信息的说法,以下叙述正确的是()。
A.信息可以脱离所反映的事物被存储B.信息在传播或重复使用的过程中会被损耗C.北京冬奥会的各场比赛人们可在各大网络平台观看,这体现了信息的共享性。
D.人脸识别系统的使用提升了信息的载体依附性2.常见的计算机软件有:①Word②Windows③Excel④Linux⑤GoldWave⑥Unix⑦Mac OS⑧Photoshop,其中属于系统软件的是()A.②④⑥⑦B.①③⑤⑧C.②④⑤⑧D.②③⑥⑦3.中国铁路12306网上售票系统方便了人们的购票和出行,下列哪个选项不属于该系统的基本组成要素()A.数据B.用户C.硬件D.价格4.下列关于大数据的描述,正确的是()A.因为数据量大,所以被称为大数据。
B.大数据的数据只能由机器产生。
C.大数据的一个特征是速度快,主要是指数据产生的速度非常快。
D.大数据按类型可分为静态数据的批处理、对流数据的实时计算以及对图数据的图计算。
5.某同学将自己朗诵的一首古诗通过“录音机”软件录入并存储到计算机中,关于这个过程下列说法错误的是()A.将模拟信号转变为了数字信号B.存储的文件可以是MP3格式C.不涉及数据压缩D.存储的文件可以用Goldwave进行编辑6.一副未经压缩处理的1024*768像素,颜色深度为8位的BMP图像,其存储容量为()A.768KB B.6MB C.0.76MB D.192KB 7.符合“后进入的数据先出去”特点的数据结构是()。
A.队列B.数组C.栈D.树8.某算法的部分流程图如图所示,执行该流程图后,变量i的值为()。
A.6B.44C.4D.29.在Python中,print函数在所有信息输出之后添加的符号默认为()A.空格B.逗号C.换行符D.引号10.身份证号码中记录着所属人的出生日期,如某人身份证号码为:330110************,则可知其出生日期为:20011205。
高考模拟试卷 物理试卷+答案
内部★启用前2024年吉林省普通高等学校招生考试(适应性演练)物理本试卷共8页。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题:本题共10小题,共46分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1~7题只有一项符合题目要求,每小题4分;第8~10题有多项符合题目要求,每小题6分,全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。
1. 如图,齐齐哈尔到长春的直线距离约为400km。
某旅客乘高铁从齐齐哈尔出发经哈尔滨到达长春,总里程约为525km,用时为2.5h。
则在整个行程中该旅客()A. 位移大小约为525km,平均速度大小约为160km/hB. 位移大小约为400km,平均速度大小约为160km/hC. 位移大小约为525km,平均速度大小约为210km/hD. 位移大小约为400km,平均速度大小约为210km/h【答案】B【解析】【详解】位移是起点到终点的有向线段,则在整个行程中该旅客位移大小约为400km,平均速度大小约为400km /h 160km /h 2.5x v t === 故选B 。
2. 2023年8月,我国首次在空间站中实现了微小卫星的低成本入轨。
在近地圆轨道飞行的中国空间站中,航天员操作机械臂释放微小卫星。
若微小卫星进入比空间站低的圆轨道运动,则入轨后微小卫星的( )A. 角速度比空间站的大B. 加速度比空间站的小C. 速率比空间站的小D. 周期比空间站的大【答案】A【解析】【详解】卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动,由万有引力提供向心力可得 222224GMm v m r ma m m r r r Tπω==== 可得ω=2GM a r =,v =,T =由于微小卫星的轨道半径小于空间站的轨道半径,则入轨后微小卫星的角速度比空间站的大,加速度比空间站的大,速率比空间站的大,周期比空间站的小。
模拟考试试题答案
模拟考试试题答案一、单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 下列哪个选项是正确的?A. 地球是平的B. 太阳是银河系的中心C. 光速是宇宙中最快的速度D. 重力是地球对物体的吸引力正确答案:C2. 以下哪个国家位于南美洲?A. 巴西B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 印度正确答案:A3. 以下哪个元素的化学符号是“Fe”?A. 铜B. 铁C. 银D. 金正确答案:B4. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 所有生物都需要氧气才能生存B. 所有植物都需要阳光才能生长C. 所有动物都是恒温的D. 所有微生物都是有害的正确答案:B5. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 地球的自转周期是24小时B. 地球的公转周期是365天C. 月球是太阳系中最大的卫星D. 火星是离地球最近的行星正确答案:A6. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 牛顿第一定律描述了力和运动的关系B. 牛顿第二定律描述了力和加速度的关系C. 牛顿第三定律描述了作用力和反作用力的关系D. 所有上述选项都是正确的正确答案:D7. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 声音不能在真空中传播B. 光可以在真空中传播C. 声音的速度比光速快D. 声音和光都能在真空中传播正确答案:B8. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 酸雨是由于大气中的二氧化碳过多造成的B. 酸雨是由于大气中的二氧化硫过多造成的C. 酸雨是由于大气中的臭氧过多造成的D. 酸雨是由于大气中的水蒸气过多造成的正确答案:B9. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 人体最大的器官是皮肤B. 人体最大的器官是心脏C. 人体最大的器官是肝脏D. 人体最大的器官是大脑正确答案:A10. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 所有哺乳动物都是温血动物B. 所有鸟类都是卵生动物C. 所有爬行动物都是冷血动物D. 所有鱼类都是水生动物正确答案:D二、多项选择题(每题3分,共15分)11. 以下哪些选项是正确的?A. 光年是时间单位B. 光年是长度单位C. 地球的大气层分为对流层、平流层、中间层、热层和外层D. 地球的自转轴倾斜导致了四季的变化正确答案:B, C, D12. 以下哪些选项是正确的?A. 所有植物都是自养生物B. 所有动物都是异养生物C. 所有微生物都是单细胞生物D. 所有真菌都是异养生物正确答案:A, B, D13. 以下哪些选项是正确的?A. 牛顿的万有引力定律描述了两个物体之间的引力B. 爱因斯坦的相对论改变了我们对时间和空间的认识C. 量子力学是研究微观粒子行为的物理学分支D. 所有上述选项都是正确的正确答案:D14. 以下哪些选项是正确的?A. 酸雨对环境有破坏作用B. 温室效应是由于大气中的二氧化碳过多造成的C. 臭氧层空洞是由于大气中的氟氯烃过多造成的D. 所有上述选项都是正确的正确答案:D15. 以下哪些选项是正确的?A. 人体需要维生素和矿物质来维持健康B. 人体需要蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物来提供能量C. 人体需要水来维持生命活动D. 所有上述选项都是正确的正确答案:D三、填空题(每题2分,共20分)16. 地球的自转周期是______小时。
浙江省语文小学六年级上学期2024-2025学年模拟试卷及解答参考
2024-2025学年浙江省语文小学六年级上学期模拟试卷及解答参考一、基础知识与积累(本大题有9小题,每小题4分,共36分)1、题干:下列词语中,没有错别字的一项是:A. 水天一色沉鱼落雁轻歌慢舞B. 奋发向前迅雷不及掩耳鸡犬升天C. 妙手回春雪中送炭言简意赅D. 碧波荡漾画龙点睛胸无城府答案:C解析:A项中“慢”应为“曼”,B项中“掩”应为“掩”,D项中“胸无城府”应为“胸无城府”,只有C项所有词语均无错别字。
2、题干:下列句子中,没有语病的一项是:A. 学校决定在下周三举行一场关于环保的讲座,目的是提高同学们的环保意识。
B. 他的成绩在班上名列前茅,这得益于他平时刻苦学习。
C. 我们班上的同学都热爱学习,特别是李明,他每天早上六点钟就起床读书。
D. 随着科技的飞速发展,我们的生活越来越便捷,但同时也带来了不少问题。
答案:D解析:A项中“目的”与“是为了”表达重复,应删去“目的是”;B项中“得益于”与“这”搭配不当,应改为“这都得益于他平时刻苦学习”;C项中“特别是李明”应改为“尤其是李明”,表示强调的用法更准确。
D项句子没有语病。
3、下列词语中,字形、字音完全正确的一组是:A. 惊涛骇浪(hài)、触类旁通(bàng)、众志成城(zhì)B. 惊愕(è)、蜻蜓点水(qīng)、栩栩如生(xǔ)C. 融会贯通(rónɡ)、画龙点睛(jiānɡ)、蔚为大观(wèi)D. 纷至沓来(tà)、迎刃而解(yí)、不翼而飞(yì)答案:C解析:选项A中,“旁通”应为“旁通(páng)”,“众志成城”中的“志”应读作“zh ì”。
选项B中,“蜻蜓点水”中的“蜻”应读作“qínɡ”。
选项D中,“迎刃而解”中的“迎”应读作“yíng”,“不翼而飞”中的“翼”应读作“yì”。
山西2024年中考适应性模拟测试 (一)数学试卷及答案
山西2024年中考适应性模拟测试(一)数学试卷(考试时间:120分钟试卷满分:120分)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.回答填空题时,请将每小题的答案直接填写在答题卡中对应横线上。
写在本试卷上无效。
4.回答解答题时,每题必须给出必要的演算过程或推理步骤,画出必要的图形(包括辅助线),请将解答过程书写在答题卡中对应的位置上。
写在本试卷上无效。
5.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
1.计算:()163⎛⎫-÷- ⎪⎝⎭的结果是()A.18- B.2C.18D.2-2.下列环保标志图案既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形的是()A. B. C. D.3.下列各式计算正确的是()A.248a a a ⋅= B.336a a a += C.()23639a a -=- D.222(12)4ab a b -=4.如图,该几何体的左视图是()A. B. C. D.5.古希腊时期,人们认为最美人体的头顶至肚脐的长度与肚脐至足底的长度之比是512-,著名的“断臂维纳斯”便是如此.若小明的身高满足此黄金分割比例,且肚脐至足底的长度为108cm ,则小明的身高约为()A.155cmB.165cmC.175cmD.185cm6.不等式组2022x x +>⎧⎨≤⎩的解为()A.21x -<≤B.21x -<<C.21x -≤≤ D.21x -≤<7.小明学习了物理中的欧姆定律发现:电阻两端的电压=电流强度×电流通过的电阻.已知某滑动变阻器两端电压恒定,当变阻器的电阻调节为10Ω时,测得通过该变阻器的电流为24A ,则通过该滑动变阻器的电流I (单位:A )与电阻R (单位:Ω)之间的函数关系图象大致是()A. B. C. D.8.如图,正六边形螺帽的边长是2cm ,这个扳手的开口a 的值应是()B.cmC.3cm D.1cm9.如图,随机闭合开关1S 、2S 、3S 中的两个,则能让灯泡⊗发光的概率是()A.12B.13C.23D.1410.如图是二次函数()20y ax bx c a =++≠的一部分,对称轴是直线2x =-,关于下列结论:①0ab <;②240b ac ->;③<0a b c -+;④40b a -=;⑤方程20ax bx +=的两个根为10x =,24x =-.其中正确的结论有()A.①③④B.②③⑤C.①②⑤D.②④⑤二、填空题:本题共5小题,共15分。
2024年天津市高考模拟英语试卷试题及答案详解二(精校打印)
2024年天津市高考模拟英语试卷试题及答案详解本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)、第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共130分,考试时间100分钟。
第Ⅰ卷1至8页,第Ⅱ卷9至10页。
答题时,将第Ⅰ卷的答案填涂在答题卡上,将第Ⅱ卷答案填写在答题卡上。
祝各位考生考试顺利!第Ⅰ卷(选择题共95分)注意事项:1.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用2B铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2.选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上的对应题目的答案涂黑。
第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1.—Candy’s new skirt looks funny on her.—________It looks fine to me.A.Who cares?B.You are telling me.C.What’s wrong?D.I wouldn’t say that.2.—Peter can’t concentrate on his work recently.—Yes,that might________why he made a big mistake in preparing for the meeting.A.allow for B.apply for C.account for D.call for3.The TV series Flight to You has received a lot of positive________from the audience.A.reviews B.previews C.revisions D.proposals4.Scientists have found that imagination is generated in the right side of the brain;________,the left side of the brain is thought to be“logical”.A.in other words B.in consequence C.in a word D.in contrast5.As is known to all,one way for people to prevent COVID-19is to open the windows to allow the airto________.A.calculate B.circulate C.investigate D.accelerate6.—Have you ever been to Tibet?—Actually,I________there for two years and then left for home when my father was ill.A.had worked B.has worked C.worked D.was working34.A.bright B.polite C.dark D.quiet35.A.pill B.example C.order D.instruction第二部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题 2.5分,满分50分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
新高考名师原创模拟语文试卷答案
一、现代文阅读(共20分)1. 答案:A解析:根据原文第一段“在这个信息爆炸的时代,人们获取知识的途径越来越多样化,但阅读的重要性却愈发凸显”,可知阅读是获取知识的重要途径。
2. 答案:C解析:根据原文第二段“阅读不仅可以增长知识,还可以提高思维能力和审美情趣”,可知阅读对于提高思维能力和审美情趣有积极作用。
3. 答案:D解析:根据原文第三段“阅读是一种积极的生活态度,也是一种追求卓越的精神品质”,可知阅读是一种积极的生活态度和追求卓越的精神品质。
二、古诗文阅读(共20分)1. 答案:B解析:根据原文“床前明月光,疑是地上霜”,可知“床前明月光”是描述月光照耀在床前的景象。
2. 答案:C解析:根据原文“独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲”,可知“独在异乡为异客”表达了作者在异乡的孤独和思念家乡的情感。
3. 答案:D解析:根据原文“千山鸟飞绝,万径人踪灭”,可知“千山鸟飞绝,万径人踪灭”描绘了一幅寂静的自然景象。
三、作文(共60分)题目:阅读的力量答案:阅读,如同春风化雨,润物无声,它以独特的魅力滋养着我们的心灵,丰富着我们的知识,提升着我们的素养。
阅读的力量,体现在以下几个方面:首先,阅读可以拓宽我们的视野。
通过阅读,我们可以了解到不同领域的知识,接触到不同的思想和文化,从而拓宽我们的视野,丰富我们的内心世界。
其次,阅读可以提升我们的思维能力。
在阅读过程中,我们需要理解作者的观点,分析文本的结构,这有助于我们培养批判性思维和逻辑思维能力。
再次,阅读可以陶冶我们的情操。
经典名著中的美好情感,如善良、勇敢、正直等,可以激发我们内心的善良,净化我们的心灵。
最后,阅读可以增强我们的表达能力。
在阅读过程中,我们可以学习到优美的语言表达方式,从而提高我们的写作水平。
总之,阅读的力量是无穷的。
让我们珍惜阅读,让阅读成为我们生活的一部分,让阅读的力量陪伴我们成长,成就更好的自己。
2024年中考数学模拟考试试卷(含有答案)
解不等式①得:
解不等式②得:
∴原不等式组的解集为:
∵不等式组的解集是
∴
∴
∴
故选:B.
【点睛】本题考查了根据一元一次不等式组的解集求参数,准确熟练地进行计算是解题的关键.
7.象棋起源于中国,中国象棋文化历史悠久.如图所示是某次对弈的残图,如果建立平面直角坐标系,使棋子“帅”位于点 的位置,则在同一坐标系下,经过棋子“帅”和“马”所在的点的一次函数解析式为( )
3.中华鲟是地球上最古老的脊椎动物之一,距今约有140000000年的历史,是国家一级保护动物和长江珍稀特有鱼类保护的旗舰型物种,3月28日是中华鲟保护日,有关部门进行放流活动,实现鱼类物种的延续并对野生资源形成持续补充.将140000000用科学记数法表示应为( )
A. B. C. D.
【答案】B
8.如图,在 中 , 和 ,点 为 的中点,以 为圆心, 长为半径作半圆,交 于点 ,则图中阴影部分的面积是( )
A. B. C. D.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】连接 ,BD,作 交 于点 ,首先根据勾股定理求出 的长度,然后利用解直角三角形求出 、 的长度,进而得到 是等边三角形 ,然后根据 角直角三角形的性质求出 的长度,最后根据 进行计算即可.
【详解】解:如图所示,连接 ,BD,作 交 于点
∵在 中 ,AB=4
∴
∵点 为 的中点,以 为圆心, 长为半径作半圆
∴ 是半圆的直径
∴
∵
∴
又∵
∴
∴பைடு நூலகம்是等边三角形
∴
∵
∴
∴ .
故选:C.
【点睛】本题考查了 角直角三角形的性质,解直角三角形,等边三角形的性质和判定,扇形面积,勾股定理等知识,正确添加辅助线,熟练掌握和灵活运用相关知识是解题的关键.
高三数学试卷模拟题及答案
一、选择题(每题5分,共50分)1. 已知函数f(x) = x^3 - 3x,若f(x)在区间[1,2]上的最大值为f(1),则f(x)在区间[1,2]上的单调性为()A. 单调递增B. 单调递减C. 先增后减D. 先减后增2. 若等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且S3 = 12,S6 = 36,则该数列的公差d为()A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 63. 下列各式中,正确的是()A. sin(α + β) = sinαcosβ + cosαsinβB. cos(α + β) = cosαcosβ - sinαsinβC. tan(α + β) = tanαtanβD. cot(α + β) = cotαcotβ4. 已知函数g(x) = 2x^3 - 3x^2 + 4,若g'(x) > 0,则g(x)的增区间为()A. (-∞, 1)和(1, +∞)B. (-∞, 1)和(1, 2)C. (-∞, 2)和(2, +∞)D. (-∞, 2)和(2, 1)5. 已知直线l的方程为2x + 3y - 6 = 0,若直线l与圆x^2 + y^2 = 9相切,则圆心到直线l的距离d为()A. 3B. 2C. √5D. √26. 已知数列{an}满足an = 2an-1 + 1,且a1 = 1,则数列{an + 1}的通项公式为()A. an + 1 = 2nB. an + 1 = 2n - 1C. an + 1 = 2n + 1D. an + 1 = 2n - 27. 若复数z = a + bi(a,b∈R),且|z| = 1,则z的共轭复数z的实部为()A. aB. -aC. bD. -b8. 已知函数f(x) = log2(x + 1),则f(x)的值域为()A. (0, +∞)B. (1, +∞)C. (-∞, +∞)D. (-∞, 0)9. 若函数y = ax^2 + bx + c(a≠0)的图像开口向上,且顶点坐标为(1, 3),则a,b,c的值分别为()A. a = 1,b = -2,c = 3B. a = 1,b = 2,c = 3C. a = -1,b = -2,c = 3D. a = -1,b = 2,c = 310. 已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且S4 = 24,S5 = 36,则数列{an}的通项公式an为()A. an = 6B. an = 6nC. an = 6n - 1D. an = 6n + 1二、填空题(每题5分,共50分)11. 若函数f(x) = x^2 - 4x + 4在区间[1,3]上的最大值为3,则f(x)在区间[1,3]上的最小值为______。
中考数学模拟试卷(含有答案)
中考数学模拟试卷(含有答案)一.单选题。
(共40分) 1.√25等于( )A.5B.﹣5C.±5D.25 2.下列正面摆放的几何体中,左视图是三角形的是( )3.据推算,全国每年减少10%的过度包装纸用量,那么可排放二氧化碳3 120 000吨,数3 120 000用科学记数法表示为( )A.3.12×106B.31.2×105C.312×104D.3.12×107 4.下列平面直角坐标系内的曲线中,既是中心对称图形,又是轴对称图形的是( )5.如图,下列结论正确的是( )A.b -a >0B.a+b <0C.|a |>|b |D.ac >0(第5题图) (第9题图)6.计算x+1x-1x 的结果是( )A.1B.xC.1x D.x+1x 27.不透明袋子中装有10个球,其中有6个红球和4个白球,它们除了颜色其余都相同,从袋中随机摸出1个球,是红球的概率是( ) A.15 B.25 C.35 D.3108.在平面直角坐标系中,一次函数y=kx -1的图象向上平移2个单位长度后经过点(2,3),则k 的值是( )A.1B.﹣1C.﹣2D.29.如图,在△ABC 中,AB=AC=2BC=4,以点B 为圆心,BC 长为半径画弧,与AC 交于点D ,则线段CD 的长为( )A.12B.1C.43 D.210.二次函数y=﹣x 2+2x+8的图像与x 轴交于B ,C 两点,点D 平分BC ,若在x 轴上侧的A 点为抛物线的动点,且∠BAC 为锐角,则AD 的取值范围是( )A.3<AD ≤9B.3≤AD ≤9C.4<AD ≤10D.3≤AD ≤8 二.填空题。
(共24分)11.因式分解:m 2-4= .12.如图,是由7个全等的正六边形组成的图案,假设可以随机在图中取点,那么这个点取在阴影部分的概率是 .(第12题图) (第13题图)13.如图,一个正方形剪去四个角后形成一个边长为√2的正八边形,则这个正方形的边长为 .14.已知m 是关于x 的方程x 2-2x -3=0的一个根,则m 2-2m+2020= .15.学校食堂按如图方式摆放餐桌和椅子,若用x 表示餐桌的张数,y 表示椅子的把数,请你写出椅子数y (把)与餐桌数x (张)之间的函数关系式 .(第15题图) (第16题图)16.如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC=15,点D是BC边上的一动点(不与B、C重合),∠ADE=∠B=∠α,DE与AB交于点E,且tan∠α=34,有以下结论:①△ADE∽△ACD;②当CD=9时,△ACD与△DBE全等;③△BDE为直角三角形时,BD为12或214;④0<BE≤5,其中正确结论是(填序号)三.解答题。
湖北省黄冈中学2024届高三5月第二次模拟考试语文试卷及答案解析
湖北省黄冈中学2024届高三5月第二次模拟考试语文试卷及答案解析一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
材料一:人们通常将丑看成审美的对立面,这是不妥的,丑在美学中具有重要的地位。
首先,它是美的对立物,没有丑就没有美,反过来也一样。
其次,美与丑是相对的。
正如苏格拉底所说的“对饥饿来说是好的东西,对热病来说却常常是坏的东西。
在赛跑中是美的东西,在拳击中却是丑的东西。
”这就是说,美与丑其实也没有绝对界限,它们的区分只能在一定条件下。
美与丑也是相互渗透的,美中有丑,丑中有美。
美中有丑不一定减损美,有时反增加美的魅力,如《红楼梦》中的史湘云容貌美丽,但她也有缺点:发音不清晰,经常将“二哥哥”说成“爱哥哥”,因而惹来林黛玉的嘲笑。
这缺点也可以说是丑,但它不仅没有损害史湘云的美,反而因这一缺点,增加史湘云的可爱与活泼。
丑中也可能有美,丑中的美不一定是美化了丑,在更多的情况下,它倒揭示了丑的复杂性。
艺术中,这类丑中有美的人物也不少。
如《巴黎圣母院》中的神父,他也有光环,有迷惑人的地方。
另一方面,当人们一旦认识到这种美实是丑的掩饰时,倒益增对其的厌恶。
生活中的丑可以转化成艺术美。
这种转化,关键在艺术家的审美化处理,而且是成功的审美化处理。
生活丑成为审美对象不是说它原来的丑恶的性质变了,比如不能说上了舞台的伊阿古变成好人或可爱的人了,他还是坏人。
但是,舞台的坏人是演员扮演的,不是真的坏人,他对现实生活构不成实际的伤害;演员扮演的坏人,是演员依据现实真实与艺术规律所创造的角色。
他演得像真的坏人,说明他创造的成功;如果演员对角色的理解是正确的、深刻的,富有创造性,那么,演员创造的坏人形象,必然比现实中的坏人形象具有更为深刻的内涵。
他的表演是创造性的,是既符合生活真实,也符合艺术规律的,并且是表现出了很高的艺术技巧的,这就创造了一种魅力。
这种魅力正是艺术美。
丑是构成艺术美的重要因素。
mhk二级考试模拟试卷和答案
mhk二级考试模拟试卷和答案一、听力理解(共20分)1. 根据所听到的对话,选择正确的答案。
A. 去图书馆B. 去超市C. 去公园正确答案:A2. 以下哪项是对话中提到的天气情况?A. 晴朗B. 多云C. 下雨正确答案:C3. 对话中提到的时间是什么时候?A. 上午B. 下午C. 晚上正确答案:B4. 根据所听到的短文,选择正确的答案。
A. 短文讲述的是一个历史事件B. 短文讲述的是一个科学发现C. 短文讲述的是一个文化现象正确答案:B5. 短文中提到的主要人物是谁?A. 科学家B. 艺术家C. 历史学家正确答案:A二、阅读理解(共30分)6. 根据所阅读的文章,选择正确的答案。
A. 文章主要讨论了环境保护的重要性B. 文章主要讨论了经济发展的影响C. 文章主要讨论了教育改革的成果正确答案:A7. 文章中提到的主要问题是什么?A. 空气污染B. 水资源短缺C. 土地荒漠化正确答案:B8. 根据文章内容,选择正确的答案。
A. 作者支持使用可再生能源B. 作者反对使用化石燃料C. 作者认为能源问题是次要的正确答案:A9. 文章中提到的解决方案有哪些?A. 植树造林B. 减少工业排放C. 提倡公共交通正确答案:B10. 文章的结论是什么?A. 环境保护需要全球合作B. 经济发展必须牺牲环境C. 个人行动对环境影响有限正确答案:A三、语法与词汇(共20分)11. 用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。
He is the _______ (old) man in our neighborhood.正确答案:oldest12. 选择正确的词填空。
She has been _______ for two hours.A. sleepB. sleepingC. slept正确答案:B13. 用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。
The _______ (quick) you finish the work, the sooner you can go home.正确答案:quicker14. 选择正确的词填空。
黑龙江省黑河北安市2024年中考英语全真模拟试卷含答案
黑龙江省黑河北安市2024年中考英语全真模拟试卷含答案考生须知:1.全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2.请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
Ⅰ. 单项选择1、Many people do not realize the importance of health ______ they have fallen ill.A.until B.while C.when D.after2、—I feel tired and sleepy.—Why not ________ for a while?A.stop to rest B.stopping to restC.stop resting D.stopping resting3、Not only Ciqikou but Hongyadong ________ well-known to people around China now.A.is B.are C.was D.were4、Get up early, _____ you’ll be late for class.A.so B.or C.and D.but5、— Would you like to have ________ coffee?—No, thanks. I don’t want ________ drinks.A.some; some B.any; any C.some; any D.any; some6、The fans was very excited because their favorite singer _________ during the evening party.A.put up B.stay up C.showed up D.dressed up7、— What type of music do you like?— I like _____ music because it has strong local color.A.folk B.classical C.rock D.pop8、(2016•安徽) For our own safety, it's important to ________ the traffic rules on the way to school.A.follow B.change C.make D.break9、--Mary failed the exam yesterday.--- Give her a phone call. We should ______.A.cheer up her B.cheer up C.cheer her up D.cheered up10、special class we had today! We learned about kung fu.A.How B.What C.How a D.What aⅡ. 完形填空11、Not only adults but also teenagers have problems in their life. Here is a survey showing the main problems of 1They feel stressed because they have 2 homework to do both at school and at home. They have lots of exams3 And parents usually send them4 different classes at weekends. As a result, so many of them almost become bookworms(书虫). On holidays, they could hardly have5 time to do what they are interested in. Now more and more teenagers6 short-sighted. They often read in bed or keep7 for a long time without having a rest. Some of them are crazy about playing computer games. Some8 too much watching TV9 serious problem among teenagers is that many of them are becoming fat. They eat too much junk food, but they take little exercise.I think teenagers should think of ways on how to 10 the problem. They should make a plan for study and hobbies and find time to relax as much as possible.1.A.adult B.adults C.teenager D.teenagers2.A.too many B.too much C.much too D.many too3.A.join B.to be taken C.to take D.to join4.A.to B.for C.of D.in5.A.our own B.their own C.his own D.they own6.A.are getting B.are getting C.got D.are become7.A.red B.read C.to read D.reading8.A.pay B.cost C.spend D.take9.A.Another B.Other C.Others D.Some10.A.doing with B.do with C.dealing with D.deal withⅢ. 语法填空12、Just like football, basketball is one of the 1.(popular) sports in the world.The game of the basketball2.(go) a long way since its first game on December 21, 1891. At the beginning the game wasn’t played very 3.(wide ),because students played 4.game inside when the weather outside became too cold for sports. Now basketball 5.(play) in many different countries around the world. Fans of basketball love playing the games in all seasons---spring, summer, fall, winter.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、These four ads are for four children’s books. They talk about the writers, prices, sizes and so on of the books.198 words1.Why does Alfie want to be an angel?A.Because angels can fly. B.Because angels can do anything.C.Because angels look like each other. D.Because angels are cool.2.How much is What Is Peace?A.£7.50. B.£6.50. C.£5.99. D.£8.50.3.Andy is a Korean boy. Which book can he read?A.Al fie’s Angels.B.That’s My Mum.C.What Is Peace. D.Farmer Duck.B14、People usually think volunteering is just for adults and it seems hard for students like us. But it is totally different in Canada. The government encourages people of any age to volunteer in public and make contributions to the wholesociety. Therefore, if students want to graduate from high school, 30 hours of volunteering is required. If students want to get into a good university, it helps if they contribute a lot to society. Volunteering is an important factor that universities will take into consideration.Furthermore, there are volunteer opportunities everywhere. People can find information about how to volunteer posted in the library or on the Internet. It includes many different jobs, such as wrapping gifts in a shopping mall, taking care of small kids or cleaning up a church. Students can choose what they want to do and register(注册) on line.I got my first volunteering job in New Westminster Museum every Sunday from 9:30am to 11:30 am. My job is to proofread the documents on a laptop and correct mistakes. The museum is about the history of the Irving Family, a historically important family in New Westminster. At first, I was nervous to communicate with others. But as time passed I became more open. During volunteering, I not only learned how to work with other volunteers, but also learned a lot of history about New Westminster.As a volunteer, I am proud of myself. I enjoy doing my job and helping others.1.From the first paragraph, we know _________ in Canada.A.being a volunteer can earn a lot of moneyB.students can graduate form high school without doing volunteeringC.the student who contributes a lot to society may have a chance to enter the good universityD.the government only ask adults to be volunteers.2.The writer spent ________ hours when she did her first volunteering job.A.2 B.3 C.4 D.53.The underlined phrase “proofread the documents” means _________ in the third paragraph?A.起草文件B.校对文件C.打印文件D.发送文件4.The writer wrote the article mainly to _________ .A.introduce the volunteering in Canada.B.describe where can find volunteer opportunitiesC.show that she learned a lot from being a volunteerD.compare her first volunteering job with other jobs to show their differences5.The best title of the article maybe “ _________ ”.A.Volunteering in CanadaB.Where to find a volunteering job in CanadaC.The best way to find a volunteering job in CanadaD.Students in CanadaC15、Emma and Hannah are 13-year-old school girls from Minnesota, USA.They are good at making new things both of them are also good at sales. They are selling charms (小装饰物) made out of bottle caps.The girls came up with the idea last summer when they saw charms were popular with kids. They talked with their parents about the idea. Since then they have sold enough charms to buy a bike for Hannah.The girls collect bottle caps and then clean them. They find some interesting pictures on the Internet or on paper, and then glue them onto the inside of the caps. There are different kinds of pictures, “Peace signs are popular with girls, and single-letter charms are popular with boys whose names start with those letters,” Emma and Hannah said.Now, charms can be found eve rywhere at Dakota Hills Middle School in Eagan. “Students put charms on purses, backpacks, and their lunch boxes,” said Emma. Emma and Hannah also have a shop on the Internet. They hope they can sell their charms to more kids. They’re thinking about sellin g their charms at the Eagan Market Festival next summer.Their business is not only for getting money. At their Valentine’s sale, 20% of the income (收入) went to charity. 1.When _______ did the girls begin to sell the charms?A.About a year ago. B.About two months ago.C.Nearly fifty days ago. D.Nearly five weeks ago.2.Which_______ of the following may NOT be on the charms?A.Pictures. B.Signs. C.Letters. D.Numbers.3.What_______do Emma and Hannah hope to do now?A.They hope to become rich people. B.They hope to give money to charity.C.They hope to sell more charms. D.They hope to sell charms in every school.4.Which of the following is TRUE?A.The two girls love their parents and money. B.Boys like charms with signs.C.They won’t sell charms next summer.D.The charms are popular with students.D16、Usually, students are not encouraged to run or jump around in the corridor (走廊). However, students in a British grammar school really enjoy running on the corridor tiles (瓷砖) and their teachers even encourage them to do that. Why? It is because the corridor was built with special kinetic (动能的) tiles. When students jump on the tiles, electricity will be produced. After one year, the electricity produced from the tiles can fully charge 853 mobile phones or power(供电) an electric car to drive seven miles. It’s amazing, isn’t it?The corridor tiles are really a brilliant invention. Students can not only play on the corridor, but also help power the lights in their school corridors and other equipment in their classrooms. Besides, this is a good way to teach students tobe creative. They will beinspiredto be scientists, inventors and engineers in the future to find clean energy for all humans.The inventor of the magic corridor tiles is Laurence Kemball-Cook. He was once a student in this school. Now, he is CEO of his own company. The corridor tiles are not Laurence’s only invention. He has also inv ented a special dance floor, which can be used at music festivals. It allows dancers to charge their mobile phones while they are dancing on the dance floor.1.Why do the students in the passage enjoy running on the corridor tiles?A.Because the corridor tiles are expensive.B.Because the teachers ask them to do that.C.Because the corridor was built with special tiles.D.Because students like running and jumping.2.After one year, the electricity produced from the tiles can provide enough energy for _______.A.over 800 mobile phonesB.all the lights of the schoolC.an electric car to drive 70 milesD.the lights and other equipment in their classrooms.3.The underlined word “inspired” most probably means “ _________”.A.encouraged B.forcedC.trained D.allowed4.What else has Laurence invented besides the corridor tiles from the passage?A.A mobile phone. B.A music player.C.An electric car D.A special dance floor.5.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Students are not allowed to walk in the corridor.B.Laurence once studied in the British grammar school.C.Laurence has more than one company of his own.D.All the corridor in British schools was built with special kinetic tiles.E17、At present, more and more people are crazy about travelling. Why do people travel? "The world is so big thatI want to have a look."many people would say. But travelling abroad now means much more than that for the growing number of Chinese tourists. Of course it offers us good opportunities to meet people from other countries, learnabout their culture and customs.According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), more than 1 billion people travelled to another country in 2012. In 2012, Chinese people travelled abroad 30 percent more than in 2011. In 2014, the number of outbound tourists has reached over 100 million for the first time. Compared with 2013, it has increased by 19.49%. Chinese has ranked first as the main source of the world tourism according to the report. The prosperity (繁荣) of the tourism industry can also bring both our country and foreign countries great economic benefits. Chinese people usually travel abroad in large tourist groups and visit several countries in one trip.Chinese people don’t just tra vel for sightseeing. The China International Travel Service Company said that all their tour trips sold out a month before Christmas Day. Stores offered discounts(打折) during that time, so shopping in Europe and the United States is popular among Chinese travellers.In December, China is going through a very cold winter. So many people like to go to some countries in Southeast Asia because the weather there is quite pleasant.The improvement of living standards means more Chinese can travel abroad. But many of them don’t have a sense of public manners. A report by Living Social website in March 2012 even listed Chinese as the world’s second worst tourists.If you want to change that bad name, remember to avoid the following: littering, spitting, snatching bus seats,line-jumping, taking off shoes in public, talking loudly and smoking in non-smoking areas. Besides, we should learn some necessary manners of foreign countries.1.Which of the followings is not the reason why Chinese people travel abroad?A.To have a look at the word.B.To shop abroad.C.To bring foreign countries great economic benefits.D.To learn about foreign culture and customs.2.How do Chinese people usually travel abroad?A.In small groups and visit one country in one trip.B.In large groups and visit several countries in one trip.C.In small groups and visit several countries in one trip.D.In large groups and visit one country in one trip.3.The underlined word "outbound"in the passage probably means _______.A.outside the station B.going outC.going towards D.going abroad4.Which of the following is right according to the passage?A.Chinese has ranked second as the main source of the world tourism according to the report.B.A report by Living Social website in March 2012 even listed Chinese as the world’s worst tourists.C.Chinese people like to travel before Christmas because of the cold winter in China.D.People choose to some countries in Southeast Asia in winter because of the nice weather there.5.What can we infer from the passage?A.Many of Chinese people behaved badly when traveling abroad.B.In 2013, the number of outbound tourists is larger than that in 2014.C.Chinese people won the bad name because too many Chinese people buy discount things before Christmas.D.We have to change names when we travel abroad.F18、When I was a child, I often dreamed of the time when I could leave home and escape to the city. We lived on a farm and, in the winter especially, we were quite cut off from the outside world. As soon as I left school, I packed my bags and moved to the capital. However, I soon discovered that city life has its problems too.One big disadvantage is money---it costs so much to go out, not to mention basics like food and housing. Another disadvantage is pollution. I suffer from asthma(哮喘), and at times the air is so bad that I am afraid to go outside. Then there is the problem of travelling round. Although I have a car, I seldom use it because of the traffic jams. One choice is to go by bicycle, but that can be quite dangerous.Of course there are advantages. First, there is so much to do in the city, whatever your tastes in culture or entertainment. Besides, there are wonderful jobs and greater chances of moving to a more important job or position. Finally, if you like shopping, the variety of goods is very surprising---and, what is more, shops are often only a short walk away.Is life better then, in the city? Perhaps it is, when you are in your teens(十几岁) or twenties. However, as you get older, and especially if you have small children, the peace of the countryside may seem better. I certainly hope to move back there soon.1.What was the writer always thinking about when he was a child?21*cnjy*comA.Staying on the farmB.Moving to the countrysideC.Leaving home for the cityD.Running away from the school2.Which of the following is true about the writer?A.He is very old now.B.He is in good health.C.He prefers driving a car.D.He lives in the city now.3.In the passage, the writer tries to _______.A.express his opinions about way of lifeB.describe his life in the countrysideC.show an interest in the outside worldD.ask the reader to live in the city4.How is the passage mainly developed?A.By inferring B.By comparingC.By listing examples D.By giving explanations2Ⅴ.书面表达19、书面表达今年的奥斯卡,在陪跑22年之后,莱昂纳多(Leonardo DiCaprio)终于抱得了他人生的第一座奥斯卡小金人。
模拟试卷(一)带答案
模拟试卷(一)理论部分答案一、填空题(每空1分,共10分)。
1.查询的数据源可以是表或查询。
2.SELECT语句格式中,“WHERE条件”子句的功能是指定查询的筛选条件。
3.Access提供六种基本类型的窗体,分别是表格式窗体、纵栏式窗体、数据表式窗体、主/子式窗体、图表式窗体和数据透视窗体。
4.当通过字段列表向窗体中添加一个字段时,会在窗体中同时出现标签控件和文本框控件。
5.要制作多个客户的信封上收件人的通信信息,可以创建标签报表。
6.数据模型分为层次模型、网状模型和关系模型三种。
7.Access数据库对象中,表对象用来存储数据的唯一对象,是Access数据库最基本的对象。
8.表之间的关系是指通过两个表之间的同名字段所创建的表的关联性。
9.宏是一个或多个操作的集合。
10.报表设计中,可以通过在组页眉或组页脚中创建文本框或计算控件来显示记录的分组汇总数据。
二、选择题(每题1分,共30分)。
1.创建参数查询时,在条件栏中应将参数提示文本放置在( C )中。
A.{} B.()C.[] D.《》2.以下叙述中,( A )是错误的。
A.查询是从数据库的表中筛选出符合条件的记录,构成—个新的数据集合。
B.查询的种类有:选择查询、参数查询、交叉查询、操作查询和SQL查询。
C.创建复杂的查询不能使用查询向导。
D.可以使用函数、逻辑运算符、关系运算符创建复杂的查询3.利用对话框提示用户输入参数的查询过程称为( B )。
A.选择查询B.参数查询C.操作查询D.SQL查询4.建立查询时可以设置筛选条件,应在( B )栏中输入筛选条件。
A.总计B.条件C.排序D.字段5.( B )可以从一个或多个表中删除一组记录。
A.选择查询B.删除查询C.交叉表查询D.更新查询6.若要查询成绩为60-80分之间(包括60分,不包括80分)的学生的信息,成绩字段的查询条件应设置为( B )。
A.>60 or <80 B.>=60 And <80C.>60 and <80 D.IN(60,80)7.查询2000年出生的学生信息,限定查询时间范围的条件是( B )。
2023届高考语文模拟试卷含解析答案
2023届高考语文模拟试卷含解析答案(本卷共23小题,满分150分)一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,17分)阅读下面的文字,完成1—5题。
材料一:从网络文学爆发式增长的过程看,网络文学主要有三个特点∶一是网络文学进入的门槛低,许多网文作者初期是兼职,以网络文学作为“斜杠青年”实现自我价值的重要途径之一;二是技术进步使文字的载体成本降到非常之低,文字变得越来越“不经济了”,也让文学越来越草根化三是网文作者和阅读平台的重点关注都是商业收益,带来的价值导向主要集中于阅读、订阅、收藏的数量上。
这些都与传统文学有很大不同。
面对网络文学的“野蛮式生长”,亟待建立评论体系和评价标准,以推进网络文学的主流化、精品化。
但我们看到的现状堪忧,在文艺评论家协会,对于传统文学具有完整的评论体系,而网络文学几乎没有太多关注。
在大部分高校,相关专业老师还是觉得雅俗不搭界,除了个别老师有所关注外,高校学术圈对于网络文学还是比较轻视。
而网络作家群体由于面对外部环境的质疑,就更少去公开评价同行作品。
网民读者发表的有关作品评论又普遍质量不高,更多的只是简单的推书介绍。
于是,网络文学的评价无法摆脱商业市场的诱惑,依然盯着大IP和爆款作品一窝蜂地进行模仿复制写作。
《2020中国网络文学蓝皮书》指出,网络文学评论研究仍然薄弱∶缺乏权威、公正、有影响力的评论阵地,研究手段有待进一步丰富符合网络文学传播和受众特点的评论方式尚未形成缺乏全国性官方网络文学奖项,难以有效引导创作,影响网络文学作品的经典化进程。
材料二:网络文学不仅仅是文学,它不仅在垂直领域自成一家,而且已成为泛文娱领域创作的重要生产资料。
作为当代重要的文艺景观之一,网络文学以虚拟性、互动性和跨界衍生能力,一直游离于文学内外。
中国古典文论、西方文论等经典理论话语显然很难对网络文学进行令人满意的解读和评价。
若从“有趣、有戏、有料、有道”四个价值维度建立网络文学的批评标准,或可建构一个相对粗略,但也许更简单、更有效的评价体系。
黑龙江省鸡西市2024届毕业升学考试模拟卷英语卷含答案
黑龙江省鸡西市2024届毕业升学考试模拟卷英语卷含答案注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
Ⅰ. 单项选择1、一“Food Safety”problem i s becoming______these days.﹣I think so.The government must do something to deal with it.A.smaller and smaller B.worse and worseC.better and better D.nicer and nicer2、–How long is it _______ we last met?–More than ten years, I believe. I went to Australia in 2006 and came back only yesterday.A.since B.before C.until D.after3、—Who was the student ____ was absent yesterday?—Mary was.A.that B.who C.whom D.which4、---What’s your hobby ? ---______collecting balls, I also like different kinds of CDs.A.Besides B.Except C.Beside D.About5、The traffic was very heavy, but nobody was late, _______ me.A.except B.above C.through D.below6、How amazing! Scientists took a photo of________black hole in _________space last month.A.the ; a B.a; / C.the; an D.a; a7、—It's ________ to stick your chopsticks into the food while having dinner.—I'm sorry. I won't do that again.A.kind B.polite C.rude8、Neither Amy nor her parents ______ to Australia, but _______ of them know Australian customs very well. A.have been, all B.have been, both C.has been, neither D.has been, none9、He accepted the _______ with pleasure. He thought it an honor to attend such a great party.A.instruction B.invitation C.introduction D.invention10、Generally speaking, over my career , the harder the course is, ______ I play.A.well B.better C.the best D.the betterⅡ. 完形填空11、第二节词语填空A rich father took his son on a trip to a village where he was born. He wanted to show his son the great differences1 their life and the villa gers’ so that his son could cherish(珍爱) what he have had. They2 quite a few dayswith a family there.On their way back home, the father 3 about his son’s ideas about the trip. So he asked, “how was the trip?”“It was 4 . Dad!”“What did you learn from the trip?” the father couldn’t 5 to ask.The son answered without 6 , “We have one dog, while the family has four. We have a swimming pool while they have a big river with many ducks swimming in it. We have very expensive lights while they have 7 stars at night. We buy food in the supermarket while they 8 food in their garden for themselves. We have walls around the house to 9 us while they have friends to make them feel safe. Dad, thank you for making me realize how poor we are.”The father couldn’t say anything, and he just stood there 10 .1.A.from B.at C.between2.A.took B.spent C.cost3.A.wondered. B.disliked C.planned4.A.terrible B.amazing C.awful5.A.wait B.seem C.decide6.A.direction B.discovery C.doubt7.A.bright B.ugly C.unexpected8.A.order B.grow C.exchange9.A.disappoint B.prevent C.protect10.A.quietly B.happily C.politelyⅢ. 语法填空12、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
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信息理论与编码试卷A答案
一、填空题 (每空2分,共20分) 1.设X的取值受限于有限区间[a,b ],则X 服从 均匀 分布时,其熵达到最大;如X 的均值为μ,方差受限为2σ,则X 服从 高斯 分布时,其熵达到最大。
2.信息论不等式:对于任意实数0>z ,有1ln -≤z z ,当且仅当1=z 时等式成立。
3.设信源为X={0,1},P (0)=1/8,则信源的熵为 )8/7(log 8/78log 8/122+比特/符号,如信源发出由m 个“0”和(100-m )个“1”构成的序列,序列的自信息量为)8/7(log )100(8log
22
m m -+比特/符号。
4.离散对称信道输入等概率时,输出为 等概 分布。
5.根据码字所含的码元的个数,编码可分为 定长 编码和 变长 编码。
6.设DMS 为⎥⎦
⎤
⎢
⎣⎡=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡03.007
.010
.018
.025
.037
.0.6
54321
u u u u u u P U U ,用二元符号表}1,0{21===x x X 对其进行定长编码,若所编的码为{000,001,010,011,100,101},
则编码器输出码元的一维概率=)(1x P 0.747 , =)(2x P 0.253 。
二、简答题(30分) 1.设信源为⎥⎦
⎤
⎢
⎣⎡=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡4/34
/121
x x P X X ,试求(1)信源的熵、信息含量效率以及冗余度; (2) 求二次扩展信源的概率空间和熵。
解: (1)
)
(11)(2log
/)()
3/4(log 4/34log
4/1)(2
22
X H X H X H X H -=-===+=ηγη
(2)二次扩展信源的概率空间为:
)9/16(log 16/9)3/16(log 16/3)3/16(log 16/316log 16/1)(2222+++=XX H
2.什么是损失熵、噪声熵?什么是无损信道和确定信道?如输入输出为s r ⨯,则它们的
分别信道容量为多少?
答:将H (X|Y )称为信道},,{|Y P X X Y 的疑义度或损失熵,损失熵为零的信道就是无损信道,信道容量为logr 。
将H (Y|X )称为信道},,{|Y P X X Y 的噪声熵,噪声熵为零的信道就是确定信道,信道容量为logs 。
3.信源编码的和信道编码的目的是什么? 答:信源编码的作用:
(1)符号变换:使信源的输出符号与信道的输入符号相匹配;
(2)冗余度压缩:是编码之后的新信源概率均匀化,信息含量效率等于或接近于100%。
信道编码的作用:降低平均差错率。
4.什么是香农容量公式?为保证足够大的信道容量,可采用哪两种方法? 答:香农信道容量公式:)1(log )(02B
N P B P C S S +
=,B 为白噪声的频带限制,0N 为常数,
输入X (t )的平均功率受限于S P 。
由此,为保证足够大的信道容量,可采用(1)用频带换信噪比;(2)用信噪比换频带。
5.什么是限失真信源编码?
答:有失真信源编码的中心任务:在允许的失真范围内把编码的信息率压缩到最小。
三、综合题(20+15+15)
1. 设随机变量}1,0{},{21==x x X 和}1,0{},{21==y y Y 的联合概率空间为
⎥⎦
⎤
⎢⎣⎡=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡8/18
/38
/38
/1),(),(),(),(22122111y x y x y x y x P XY XY 定义一个新的随机变量Y X Z ⨯=(普通乘积)
(1) 计算熵H (X ),H (Y ),H (Z ),H (XZ ),H (YZ ),以及H (XYZ ); (2) 计算条件熵 H (X|Y ),H (Y|X ),H (X|Z ),H (Z|X ),H (Y|Z ),H (Z|Y ),H (X|YZ ),H (Y|XZ )以及H (Z|XY ); (3) 计算平均互信息量I (X ;Y ),I (X :Z ),I (Y :Z ),I (X ;Y|Z ),I (Y ;Z|X )以及I (X :,Z|Y )。
解:(1)
1
2log
2/12log
2/1)(12log 2/12log 2/1)(2
2
22=+==+=Y H X H
8
/10
8
/30
8
/308
/1111110101100011010001000XYZ
8
/18
/71
0Z
8log
8/1)7/8(log 8/7)(2
2+=Z H
8
/18
/30
2
/111100100XZ
8log
8/1)3/8(log 8/32log
2/1)(2
22
++=XZ H
8
/18
/30
2
/111100100YZ
8log 8/1)3/8(log 8/32log
2/1)(222
++=YZ H
(2)
))3/4(log 4/34log 4/1(2/1))3/4(log 4/34log 4/1(2/1)|(22
22
+++=Y X H ))3/4(log 4/34log
4/1(2/1))3/4(log 4/34log
4/1(2/1)|(22
22+++=X Y H
)1log 10log 0(8/1))3/7(log 7/3)4/7(log 7/4(8/7)|(22
22+++=Z X H
)4log
4/1)3/4(log 4/3(2/1)0log
01log 1(2/1)|(2
22
2+++=X Z H
)1log 10log 0(8/1))3/7(log 7/3)4/7(log 7/4(8/7)|(22
22+++=Z Y H
)4log
4/1)3/4(log 4/3(2/1)0log 01log 1(2/1)|(2
22
2+++=Y Z H
)
0log
01log 1(8/1)0log
01log 1(8/3))3/4(log 4/34log
4/1(2/1)|(2
22222
+++++=YZ X H
)
0log
01log 1(8/1)0log
01log 1(8/3))3/4(log 4/34log
4/1(2/1)|(2
22
222
+++++=XZ Y H 0)|(=XY Z H
(3)
)|()();(Y X H X H Y X I -= )|()();(Z X H X H Z X I -= )|()();(Z Y H Y H Z Y I -=
)|()|()|;(YZ X H Z X H Z Y X I -= )|()|()|;(ZY X H Y X H Y Z X I -=
2. 设二元对称信道的输入概率分布分别为]4/14
/3[][=X P ,转移矩阵为
[]⎥⎦
⎤
⎢
⎣⎡=3/23/13/13/2|X
Y P
, (1) 求信道的输入熵,输出熵,平均互信息量; (2) 求信道容量和最佳输入分布; (3) 求信道剩余度。
解:(1)信道的输入熵4log
4/1)3/4(log 4/3)(2
2+=X H ;
⎥⎦
⎤
⎢
⎣⎡=6/112
/14/12
/1][XY
P ]12/512
/7[][=Y P
)5/12(log 12/5)7/12(log 12/7)(22+=Y H
)6/1,12/1(4/1)4/1,2/1(4/3)|(H H X Y H += )|()();(X Y H Y H Y X I -=
(2)最佳输入分布为]2/12/1[][=X P ,此时信道的容量为)3/1,3/2(1H C -=
(3)信道的剩余度:);(Y X I C -
3. 设有DMC,其转移矩阵为[]⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=2/16
/13
/13/12/16
/16/13/12/1|X
Y P ,若信道输入概率为
[][]25.025
.05
.0=X P ,试确定最佳译码规则和极大似然译码规则,并计算出相应
的平均差错率。
解:⎥⎥⎥⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣⎡=8/124
/112
/112/18/124
/112/16/14
/1][XY
P
最佳译码规则:⎪⎩⎪
⎨⎧===33121
1)()()(a
b F a b F a b F ,平均差错率为1-1/4-1/6-1/8=11/24;
极大似然规则:⎪⎩
⎪
⎨⎧===33221
1)()()(a
b F a b F a b F ,平均差错率为1-1/4-1/8-1/8=1/2。