药用植物学教案叶的形态与结构.ppt
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Complete, Incomplete
Leaf blade Petiole Stipule
Leaf Types
Simple leaf the blade is all in one piece, though it may be lobed, toothed, etc.
Compound leaf the blade is divided all the way to the midrib (rachis) into two or more pieces (leaflets). Pinnate, Palmate, Unifoliate
花生叶 Pea Leaf Stoma, Vicea sp. (SEM x3,520).
Guard cell
Substamatal chamber
Subsidiary cell
Cross-Section Through a Stomata
叶肉组织 Mesophyll
两面叶： 栅栏组织 Palisade mesophyll 海绵组织 Spongy mesophyll
Leaf venation
The Phyllotaxis
General rule: mosaic arrangement 互生 Spiral (Alternative) 对生 Opposite 轮生 Whorled 簇生 Fascicled
The Modified Leaves
苞片 Bracts 鳞片 Scales 叶刺 Spines (Thorns, Prickles) 叶卷须 Tendrils 叶状柄 Phyllodes 捕虫叶 Insect traps 异型叶性 Heterophylly
Chapter 6
The Leaf
Functions Form and Modifications Structures
Functions
Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Storage
Form
Three parts: Leaf blade Petiole Stipule
两种类型: 两面叶 Bifacial leaves: 水平伸展 等面叶 Isolateral leaves: 垂直伸展
表皮 Epidermis
组成：
扁平、板块状的表皮细胞；保卫细胞；表皮毛
气孔的分布：
两面叶：单侧性分布 等面叶：对称性分布
薰衣草叶 Lavender Leaf
Lavender-leaf
Simple Leaf
Compound Leaf
The Difference between a Stem with Simple Leaves and a Compound Leaf
1. The tip of the rachis never has a terminal bud.
2. Leaflets never bear buds in their axils. 3. Leaflets all lie in the same plane. 4. The rachis falls off with leaflets.
Leaf apices
Leaf bases
Leaf lobes
The Difference between Leaflets and Lobes
Petiolules: exist or not Rachis: exist or not Arrangement: symmetric or not Shapes and Size: similar or not
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu片 Bracts
苞片 Bracts
鳞片 Scales
鳞片 Scales
叶刺 Spines
叶卷须 Tendrils
叶状柄 Phyllodes
捕虫叶 Insect traps
捕虫叶 Insect traps
叶的内部结构
表皮 Epidermis 叶肉组织 Mesophyll 维管组织 Vascular tissues
等面叶： 同型叶肉组织
维管组织 Vascular Tissues
中脉与侧脉： 维管束鞘 初生韧皮部（下） 初生木质部（上）
小叶脉： 逐渐简化
The Leaf Morphology
Leaf shapes Leaf margins Leaf apices Leaf bases Leaf lobes Leaf venation Leaf texture
Leaf shapes
Leaf shapes
Leaf margins
Leaf blade Petiole Stipule
Leaf Types
Simple leaf the blade is all in one piece, though it may be lobed, toothed, etc.
Compound leaf the blade is divided all the way to the midrib (rachis) into two or more pieces (leaflets). Pinnate, Palmate, Unifoliate
花生叶 Pea Leaf Stoma, Vicea sp. (SEM x3,520).
Guard cell
Substamatal chamber
Subsidiary cell
Cross-Section Through a Stomata
叶肉组织 Mesophyll
两面叶： 栅栏组织 Palisade mesophyll 海绵组织 Spongy mesophyll
Leaf venation
The Phyllotaxis
General rule: mosaic arrangement 互生 Spiral (Alternative) 对生 Opposite 轮生 Whorled 簇生 Fascicled
The Modified Leaves
苞片 Bracts 鳞片 Scales 叶刺 Spines (Thorns, Prickles) 叶卷须 Tendrils 叶状柄 Phyllodes 捕虫叶 Insect traps 异型叶性 Heterophylly
Chapter 6
The Leaf
Functions Form and Modifications Structures
Functions
Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Storage
Form
Three parts: Leaf blade Petiole Stipule
两种类型: 两面叶 Bifacial leaves: 水平伸展 等面叶 Isolateral leaves: 垂直伸展
表皮 Epidermis
组成：
扁平、板块状的表皮细胞；保卫细胞；表皮毛
气孔的分布：
两面叶：单侧性分布 等面叶：对称性分布
薰衣草叶 Lavender Leaf
Lavender-leaf
Simple Leaf
Compound Leaf
The Difference between a Stem with Simple Leaves and a Compound Leaf
1. The tip of the rachis never has a terminal bud.
2. Leaflets never bear buds in their axils. 3. Leaflets all lie in the same plane. 4. The rachis falls off with leaflets.
Leaf apices
Leaf bases
Leaf lobes
The Difference between Leaflets and Lobes
Petiolules: exist or not Rachis: exist or not Arrangement: symmetric or not Shapes and Size: similar or not
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu片 Bracts
苞片 Bracts
鳞片 Scales
鳞片 Scales
叶刺 Spines
叶卷须 Tendrils
叶状柄 Phyllodes
捕虫叶 Insect traps
捕虫叶 Insect traps
叶的内部结构
表皮 Epidermis 叶肉组织 Mesophyll 维管组织 Vascular tissues
等面叶： 同型叶肉组织
维管组织 Vascular Tissues
中脉与侧脉： 维管束鞘 初生韧皮部（下） 初生木质部（上）
小叶脉： 逐渐简化
The Leaf Morphology
Leaf shapes Leaf margins Leaf apices Leaf bases Leaf lobes Leaf venation Leaf texture
Leaf shapes
Leaf shapes
Leaf margins