【免费下载】医学英语翻译题

UNIT 11.Although the DNA in the nucleus of each cell contains all of the geneticinformation for all human traits, only a small number of genes are actually active in a particular cell. These active genes are the codes for the proteins necessary for the specific cell type.尽管每一个细胞核中的DNA都包含有人类特性的所有遗传信息，但实际上只有小数基因在特定细胞中有活性，这些活性基因是特有的细胞类型所必须的蛋白密码。

2.In facilitated diffusion, molecules move through a membrane from an area ofgreater concentration to an area of lesser concentration, but they need some help to do this.在易化扩散中，大分子经一层膜从高浓度区域向低浓度区域移动，但分子要完成这一工作需要某些帮助。

3.The cell membrane is selectively permeable, that is, certain substances arepermitted to pass through and others are not.细胞膜的渗透性是有选择性的，即某些物质允许通过，而其它物质则不行。

4.Filtration means that water and dissolved materials are forced through amembrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.过滤是指水和已溶解物质经一层膜从高压区压送到低压区。

5. Active transport requires the energy of ATP to move molecules from an area oflesser concentration to an area of greater concentration.主动转运需要ATP这种能使分子从低浓度区向高浓度区移动。

1.体内平衡取决于所有不同类型的细胞正常的发挥其功能。

(depend upon)Homeostasis depends upon the normal functions of all of the different kinds of cells.2.就人口和地域而言，这两个国家差异很大。

(with respect to)With respect to population and geographical area, these two countries vary greatly.3.染色体由脱氧核糖核酸和蛋白构成，而脱氧核糖核酸又是细胞特征和活性的遗传密码。

(genetic code)Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein, and the DNA is the genetic code for the characteristics and activities of the cell.4. 氧气从空气中扩散到血液以便在全身循环，而二氧化碳从血液散播到空气中以便排出体外。

(diffuse )Oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood to be circulated throughout the body, but carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the air to be exhaled from the body.5.科学不断地提供新的发现，从而进一步支持了他的假设。

(back up)Science continued to throw up discoveries which further backed up his hypothesis. UNIT 21. At either end of the age spectrum, however, temperature regulation may not be as precise as it is in older children or younger adults.然而，在年龄段两端的人群，其体温调节精确程度都不如青少年或青年人。

2. The pathways of heat loss from the body are the skin, respiratory tract, and to a lesser extent, the urinary and digestive tracts.人体散热途径是经皮肤、呼吸道，少量经尿道和消化道散热。

3. Changes in body temperature also have an effect on metabolic rate and heat production. This becomes clinically important when a person has a fever, an abnormally high body temperature.人体体温的变化也会影响代谢率和产热。

当一个人发热、体温异常升高时，从临床上讲，体温变化就显得重要了。

4. Anabolism means synthesis or “formation” reactions, the bonding together of smaller molecules to form larger ones.合成代谢是指综合或“形成”性反应，即把小的分子结合在一起形成更大的分子。

5. Catabolism means decomposition, the breaking of bonds of larger molecules toform smaller molecules. Cell respiration is a series of catabolic reactions that break down food molecules to carbon dioxide and water.分解代谢是指分解，即将较大的分子链分解形成小分子。

细胞呼吸过程就是一连串的分解代谢反应---将食物分子分解成二氧化碳和水。

1. 新陈代谢是指发生在生物体内的化学过程，可分为合成代谢和分解代谢两大类。

(metabolism)Metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that take place in the living organisms. It may be divided into two major categories: anabolism and catabolism.2. 正常人的体温为37度。

随个体、年龄、活动量和每日早晚略有差异，但波动幅度不超过l℃。

(fluctuation)The normal body temperature is 37ºC, and varies by person, age, activity, and time of day, but the fluctuations are usually no more than 1.0ºC.3. 在正常情况下，人体通过体温调节系统使体温保持相对稳定。

(constant) Under normal conditions, human body is able to maintain a relatively constant body temperature through the system of temperature regulation.4. 与生活在热带地区的人相比，在寒冷气候下生活的人，新陈代谢率要高10-20%。

(metabolic rate)People who live in cold climates may have metabolic rates 10% to 20% higher than those who live in tropical regions.5. 人体体温的调节主要是通过汗腺的分泌及皮肤血管的收缩与舒张。

(excretion) Human body temperature is mainly regulated through the excretion of sweat gland and vasodilation and constriction of blood vessels in the skinUNIT 31. Ventricular contraction forces blood against the flaps of the right and left AV valves and closes them; the force of blood also opens the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves.心室收缩使血液施压于左右房室瓣并使其关闭；血液的压力也使主动脉半月瓣和肺动脉半月瓣打开。

2. Palpations are usually not serious, and may be the result of too much caffeine,nicotine, or alcohol. Much more serious is ventricular fibrillation, a very rapid and uncoordinated ventricular beat that is totally ineffective for pumping blood.心悸通常不很严重，可能因摄入的咖啡因，尼古丁或酒精过量引起。

更为严重的是室颤，室颤是一种快速而无节律的心室跳动，可以导致心脏泵血无力。

3. Although the heart generates and maintains its own beat, the rate of contractioncan be changed to adapt to different situations. The nervous system can and does bring about necessary changes in heart rate as well as in force of contraction尽管心脏自身产生跳动并得以维持跳动，但为了适应不同情况还可以改变收缩率。