研究生英语text1单词
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2010年阅读Text 1(上)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2010年阅读Text 1（上）这是一篇报刊评论类文章，文章主要揭示了现代报刊中艺术报道和评论的衰落趋势问题。
文章中的单词难度适中，基本上都在大纲要求范围内，但是有些熟悉的词汇在本文中被译为它意，可能会影响同学们的理解。
同样，文章中出现了许多高频重点单词，以下是本文中出现的10个，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 5far-reaching ['fɑ:'ri:tʃiŋ]adj. 深远的;广泛的【词根记忆】：far- 远的+reaching达到→深远的【短语搭配】：far-reaching effect 深远影响【真题例句】：The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. 经济合作与发展组织最近发表报告评论了此举的深远影响。
(2008年阅读Text 2)2. 1inexorable [ɪn'eks(ə)rəb(ə)l]adj. 无情的;不屈不挠的;无法改变的【词根记忆】：in-否定前缀+exorable可以说服的→不可说服的→无法改变的【短语搭配】：inexorable demand必然要求【真题例句】：The most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness oftheir arts coverage.影响最为深远的或许就是其艺术报道的范围和严肃性已呈现出不可遏制的衰落之势。
3.7considerable [kən'sɪdərəbl]adj. 相当大的;重要的【词根记忆】：consider考虑+able形容词后缀→需要考虑的→重要的【短语搭配】：considerable orders大量订货【真题例句】：Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.然而在二十世纪出版的大量最具重要意义的评论文集中，报刊评论占了很大部分。
考研英语真题单词(英一)
2013（一）完形- 背景信息Part1 单词1、defendant n.被告defend v.保卫defensible a.合乎情理的plaintiff n.原告2、scale n.等级，级别；规模；比例；刻度3、float v.使汇率浮动4、fluctuate v.涨落，波动5、undo v.使无效，取消6、otherwise 并非如此；在另外的情况下Part2 短语1、sentence sb. ( to do ) 宣判2、minor part / role in a play 剧中的次要角色3、the big picture 整体情形4、in principle 原则上；大体上，基本上5、be otherwise 并非如此6、a defensible theory 站得住脚的理论7、on a scale of / from ... to ... 按...到...的等级a scale of wages / taxation 工资、税率的等级8、in conjunction with sb. / sth. 与sb. / sth. 在一起9、mark out of 从总分中给分10、float the pound / dollar 使英镑、美元的对外汇率浮动Text 1 - 快时尚Part1 单词1、bin n.箱子2、feverish a.发热的；焦躁不安的3、indictment n.起诉书indicate v.标示4、anticipate v.预期5、inventory n.存货6、turnaround n.周转7、accusation n.谴责accurate a.准确的8、strain v.滥用；拉紧restrain v.阻止9、Omnivore n.杂食者10、answer n.[僻]对等物11、knit a.针织的12、vanity n.虚荣心13、satire n.讽刺14、synonym n.同义词Part2 短语1、at odds with 与...相矛盾2、long accustomed to 长久以来，习惯于3、give away 捐赠4、towards the end of 在...即将结束之时5、as sb. is the first to note / mention /write 正如被...首次注意到一样6、knock off 迅速而轻松的完成7、collection line 某一时装系列Text 2 - 行为广告Part1 单词1、fraction n.部分friction n.竞争2、fine-grained a.精准的3、February n.二月January n.一月4、default v.系统默认值n.拖欠，违约Part2 短语1、make / enter into / forge alliance 联盟2、get cracking to do 立即着手做某事3、set off the row 挑起争论4、worse off 恶化better off 情况好转5、press on 坚定地继续6、on that count 在那一方面Text 3 - 人类光明未来Part1 单词1、glowingly ad.白热化地2、ill n.不幸，困难3、fulfillment n.完成，实现4、epidemic a.流行的5、tempt v.诱惑6、endure v.持续7、willfully ad.任性固执地8、dazzlingly ad.耀眼地9、fad n.时尚10、rosy a.美好的11、lot n.[僻]命运12、complicacy n.复杂Part2 短语1、by no means 绝不2、speak ill of ... 说...的坏话；批评3、tempt fate 玩命，冒很大的风险4、look up 查阅5、mark time 计时6、as so often 正如许多时候，用于引出“普遍适用，得到确认”7、a passing fad 一时的风尚8、improve the lot of ... 改善…的命运Text 4 - 移民法与三权分立Part1 单词1、provision n.条款2、overturn v.推翻3、defeat n.失败4、contest n.比赛；争夺v.质疑；争夺5、deprive v.剥夺6、contradict v.抵抗7、deliberately a.慎重地；故意地8、intrude v.闯入9、verify v.核实；查证10、status n.地位，身份statute n.法规11、intervention n.干预12、withhold v.保留；扣留13、defense n.辩护14、robust a.强有力的15、objection n.异议16、outweigh v.重于17、rightly a.合适地；理所当然地18、reject v.反对Part2 短语1、Alien and Sedition Acts 外国人与煽动叛乱法2、knock out 破坏；使无效3、fly too close to the sun 得意忘形，挑战权威4、intrude on 侵犯，违背5、the Court’s liberals 自由派大法官6、law enforcement 执法7、legitimate role 合法地位8、conflict with 与...相抵触9、turn on 以...为中心，取决于10、to the letter 丝毫不差；不折不扣新题型- 社会研究Part1 单词1、swollen a.浮肿的swallow v.吞咽2、eradicate v.根除3、category n.类别4、horizon n.地平线5、trick n.窍门6、inclusive n.包容7、stem v.阻止8、corporate n.企业9、marine a.海洋的10、mindset n.心态11、cross-cutting n.跨领域，交叉Part2 短语1、As for ... 自...起/到...为止2、root cause 根本原因3、as much about ... A as it is about B 不仅关乎B，还关于A4、be up in arms over 竭力反对5、higher education 高教翻译- 花园Part1 单词1、irrepressible a.抑制不住的2、strike v.突然想到strike - stuck3、fundamental a.根本的n.基本规律4、beyond 除...外5、inarticulate a.口齿不清的；沉默无言的artificial a.人造的6、sacred a.神圣的scare n.惊恐7、cruel a.残忍的crude a.粗糙的；未经加工的8、composure n.镇静9、discernible a.可识别的10、abiding a.持久的abide v.容忍11、clump n.丛生12、stuff v.填充13、implicit a.隐晦的explicit a.明确的explicate v.详细解说14、liberated a.放纵的15、synthetic a.合成的16、uncanny a.神秘的17、yearning n.思念，渴望Part2 短语1、it strikes me that ... 我突然意识到...2、as it is ... 正如...3、call forth 唤起，振作4、a yearning for sth. 对某物的渴望小作文- 邮件范文Dear Pro. JohnI am exceedingly delighted to recall the last successful English Speech Contest in which you were one of major judges. And today, I am writing for the purpose of inviting you to be the judge again for this year's contest.We are much grateful for your hard work in teaching, and it is your warmhearted help that enable students to build up interest for English. Thus, compared with last year, more youngsters will participate in this contest. Duringthe past three years, you focused much eyesight and interest on teaching speech. Accordingly, it is appropriate for you to give participants professional advice he contest will be held in the Center of Students Activities at 18: 30 on May 21th.Please consider and accept our sincere invitation and we are looking forward to your favorable reply.Yours trulyLi Ming译：尊敬的约翰教授，我非常高兴地回忆起上一次成功的英语演讲比赛，当时您是主要评委之一。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解系列—2014年阅读Text 1(上)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解系列—2014年阅读Text 1（上）1. 3eligible ['ɛlɪdʒəbl]a.1.有条件被选中的，有恰当资格的 2.(尤指婚姻等)合适的，合意的【词根记忆】：e出，lig=lect选择，ible能一能够选出来的一合格的【短语搭配】：eligible products合格产品【真题例句】：Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. 只有当那些失业者带着个人简历来到人才市场，在网上的工作引擎中注册工作，开始找工作的时候，他们才有资格从保险中获益，然后他们必须每周报告而不是两周报告一次。
(2014年阅读text 1)2. 13apparent [ə'pærənt]a. 1. 显然的，明白的，清晰可见的 2. 表面上的，貌似(真实)的【词根记忆】：ap(加强)+par(显示)+ent(形容词)→很清楚的显现了出来→显然的，明白的，清晰可见的【短语搭配】：for no apparent reason 莫名其妙apparent area可视面积，表面面积【真题例句】：More apparent reasonableness followed. 接下来是更多的明显的合理之处。
(2014年阅读text 1)3. 49claim [kleɪm]vt.1.声称，断言2.对…提出要求，索取3.(灾难等)使失踪或死亡4.需要，值得n.1.要求，认领，索赔2.声称，断言【词根记忆】：词根词claim →叫喊→声称，断言，要求【短语搭配】：claim for要求;索取lay claim to要求;自以为make a claim索赔;对…提出要求【真题例句】：“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,”he claimed. 他说：最初的几天主要用来找工作，而不是用来注册。
2003考研英语text1重点单词
2003考研英语text1重点单词1. Enlarge（v.）扩大，增加- The company plans to enlarge its production capacity.- The government is taking measures to enlarge the market.2. Integrate（v.）整合，使融入- The company aims to integrate all its subsidiaries into a single entity.- Our goal is to integrate different cultures and backgrounds in our team.3. Ubiquitous（adj.）普遍存在的，无处不在的- Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society.- The use of social media has become ubiquitous among young people.4. Evoke（v.）唤起，引起- The movie evoked strong emotions in the audience.- The song evokes memories of my childhood.5. Inadvertently（adv.）无意地，不经意地- She inadvertently revealed the surprise party plans.- He inadvertently pushed the wrong button and deleted all his files.6. Exacerbate（v.）使恶化，加重- The economic crisis exacerbated unemployment rates.- The conflict between the two countries has only exacerbated tensions in the region.7. Foster（v.）培养，促进- The school aims to foster a love for learning in its students.- The government is implementing policies to foster innovation in the economy.8. Confer（v.）授予，赋予- The university conferred a degree upon the graduating students.- The new title confers certain privileges and responsibilities.9. Insidious（adj.）阴险的，潜伏的- The disease has an insidious onset, making it difficult to detect early.- The company's insidious tactics were designed to deceive and manipulate consumers.10. Bolster（v.）支持，加强- The new evidence bolstered the defense's argument in court.- We need to bolster our team with more experienced members.11. Consolidate（v.）巩固，合并- The company aims to consolidate its position in the market.- The two companies decided to consolidate their operations to increase efficiency.12. Subtle（adj.）微妙的，细微的- She made a subtle change to the design, but it had a big impact.- The difference between the two theories is quite subtle and requires careful analysis.13. Tentative（adj.）暂时的，试验性的- We have made tentative plans for the project, but nothing is final yet.- He gave a tentative answer to the question, as he wasn't completely sure.14. Presume（v.）假设，推测- I presume you will be attending the meeting tomorrow.- It is difficult to presume what the outcome of the negotiations will be.15. Intervene（v.）干涉，介入- The teacher intervened to stop the fight between the students.- The government decided to intervene in the market to stabilize prices.16. Disseminate (v.) - to spread or distribute information, knowledge, etc. widely.- The organization disseminated the research findings to the public.- It is crucial to disseminate accurate information during an emergency.17. Exacerbate (v.) - to make a problem, bad situation, or pain worse.- The pollution is exacerbating the respiratory problems of the city's residents.- The rain exacerbated the flooding in the already waterlogged area.18. Facilitate (v.) - to make something easier or possible.- Technology has facilitated communication between people around the world.- The workshop will facilitate discussions between industry experts and researchers.19. Hypothesize (v.) - to suggest an idea or explanation for something that can be tested.- The scientist hypothesized that the new drug would be effective in treating the disease.- We can hypothesize about the causes of the historical event, but we may never know for sure.20. Mitigate (v.) - to reduce the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.- The government is implementing policies to mitigate the effects of climate change.- Installing safety features can help mitigate the risks associated with certain activities.21. Persevere (v.) - to continue trying to achieve something despite difficulties.- She persevered through challenges and achieved her goal of becoming a successful entrepreneur.- The team persevered and eventually won the championship.22. Proficient (adj.) - skilled or good at doing something.- She is proficient in both English and Spanish.- To be proficient in a musical instrument, regular practice is essential.23. Resilient (adj.) - able to become strong, healthy, or successful againafter something bad happens.- The community showed resilience in the face of the disaster.- Plants in the desert are resilient to high temperatures and limited water.24. Substantiate (v.) - to provide evidence or proof that something is true.- The researcher substantiated the claim with data from the experiment.- He substantiated his argument with facts and logical reasoning.25. Tranquil (adj.) - calm, peaceful, and without noise or excitement.- The tranquil lake was a perfect spot for a relaxing afternoon.- After the chaos of the day, she sought the tranquil solitude of her room.26. Vernacular (adj.) - using the ordinary language spoken by ordinary peoplein a particular region or country.- The book is written in vernacular English, making it easily understandable.- Architects often incorporate vernacular elements into their designs to reflect local culture.27. Alleviate (v.) - to make something less severe, painful, or serious.- The medicine helped alleviate the symptoms of the flu.- Efforts are being made to alleviate poverty and improve living conditions.28. Cogent (adj.) - clear, logical, and convincing.- The speaker presented a cogent argument that persuaded the audience.- A cogent explanation is essential for understanding complex concepts. 29. Dichotomy (n.) - a situation that has two opposite parts or aspects.- There is a dichotomy between the rich and the poor in society.- The novel explores the dichotomy of good and evil in human nature.30. Empirical (adj.) - based on observation, experience, or experiment rather than theory or guesswork.- The study used empirical data to support its findings.- Empirical evidence is crucial in scientific research.31. Epoch (n.) - a particular period of time in history, especially one thatis important or significant.- The Industrial Revolution marked an epoch of rapid technological advancement.- The discovery of antibiotics was a defining moment of the modern epoch.32. Hypocrisy (n.) - the behavior of people who do things that they tell other people not to do, or who believe things that they tell other people not to believe.- He criticized others for their hypocrisy while engaging in the same behavior himself.- The politician was accused of hypocrisy for preaching about family values while having an affair.33. Impair (v.) - to damage or make something less good, efficient, or able to work well.- Alcohol can impair a person's ability to drive.- The storm impaired the communication systems, making it difficult to coordinate relief efforts.34. Incentive (n.) - something that encourages a person to do something, such as a reward or a reason for doing something.- The company offered incentives to employees who met their sales targets.- Providing scholarships can be an incentive for students to excel academically.35. Insulate (v.) - to protect someone or something from unpleasant or harmful effects.- The thick walls of the house insulated the interior from the coldwinter weather.- The organization worked to insulate itself from the economic downturn.。
考研英语单词UNIT1
UNIT11．wit n.才智，智慧，悟性。
搭：at one’s wits’ end 智穷计尽。
同：intelligence n.智力wisdom n.明智2．thoughtful adj.考虑周全的，体贴的。
派：thoughtfully adv. thoughfulness n.同：considerate adj.反：thoughtless 粗心的，不体贴人的。
3．await vt.等待，等候，期待。
同：expect vt.期望，期待。
4．quote v.引用，援引，举证，报价。
n.引用。
派：quotation n.引用，引证，引用语。
5．heritage n.遗产，继承物，传统搭：cultural/historical heritage 文化/历史遗产同：legacy n.遗产,遗留之物 inheritance n.遗产，继承6．production n.生产，制作：产量。
搭；go into/out of production 投产/停产同：manufacture n.批量生产，大量制造，产品。
反：consumption n.消费。
7．prime n.全盛时期；初期，青年。
adj.首要的，主要的。
vt.使准备好，填装。
同：significant adj.重大的，有意义的。
seesntial adj.基本的，必要的。
8. solve v.解决，解答派：unsolve adj.未解答的，未解决的。
同：resolve v.解决。
9. laptop n.便携式电脑，笔记本电脑。
10. nurture n.培养，养育。
派：nurturance n.养育,养成 nurturer n.养育者,营养物同：nourish vt.培养，养育。
11. justify v.证明(其正当性)，证实，是…的正当理由，调整。
派：justitiable adj.有理的，可辩解的。
justification n.辩护。
12. resort vi.采取某手段或方法，求助，诉诸。
考研英语真题单词(英一)
考研英语真题单词(英一)考研英语真题单词（英一）考研英语是考生备战考研的重要科目之一，其中单词部分的准备显得尤为重要。
本文将从历年考研英语真题中整理出一些常见的单词，帮助考生更好地备考。
一、历年真题常见单词总结1. Breakthrough（n.突破）: A major breakthrough has been made in the field of science and technology.2. Cognition（n.认知）: The development of artificial intelligence has greatly influenced human cognition.3. Dilemma（n.困境）: The company faces a dilemma of whether to prioritize profit or environmental protection.4. Elite（n.精英）: The school focuses on cultivating elites in various fields.5. Friction（n.摩擦）: Trade friction between the two countries has escalated recently.6. Hesitate（v.犹豫）: She hesitated for a moment before making a decision.7. Inevitable（adj.不可避免的）: With the advancement of technology, the widespread use of robots seems inevitable.8. Lethargic（adj.昏睡的）: The sedative made him feel lethargic and drowsy.9. Navigate（v.导航）: The new GPS system helps drivers navigate accurately.10. Prioritize（v.优先考虑）: It is essential to prioritize tasks in order to maximize efficiency.11. Quantitative（adj.定量的）: The research project requires both qualitative and quantitative data.12. Resilient（adj.有恢复力的）: She proved to be resilient and quickly bounced back from failure.13. Skepticism（n.怀疑态度）: The scientist expressed skepticism about the new theory.14. Undermine（v.削弱）: Gossip can undermine trust in a working environment.二、单词运用实例为了帮助考生更好地理解这些单词的用法，下面将给出一些例句。
考研英语高频重点单词详解——2012年阅读Text 1(上)
考研英语高频重点单词详解——2012年阅读Text 1（上）这篇文章主要讨论Tina Rosenberg针对同辈压力提出的反对意见。
以下是本文中出现的10个高频重点单词，就让我们一起来学习吧！1.28peer [pɪə]n. 同龄人;同等地位的人;贵族vt. 盯着看【短语搭配】：peer at 盯着看peer pressure来自同辈的压力【真题例句】：They fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. 这些运动无法利用来自同辈的压力去让人们养成健康的习惯，并且它们对人群心理的认知是有极大偏颇。
2. 11 casual ['kæʒjʊəl]a. 随便的;非正式的;偶然的【词根记忆】：cas(掉落)+ual(形容词后缀)→从天而降的→偶然的【短语搭配】：casual wear便装，休闲服【真题例句】：It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex. (同辈的压力)通常会导致不好的现象发生——酗酒，吸毒或者性乱等。
3. 5contend [kən'tend]v. 主张;声称;斗争【词根记忆】：con(一起)+tend(伸展)→一起你拉我夺→争论【真题例句】：Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world. 但蒂娜·罗森博格在其新书《加入俱乐部》中称，这种同龄人的压力也可以通过她所谓的“社会疗法”成为一种积极的力量，在这种治疗过程中，官方人员可以用群体的活力去帮助个人去提升人们的生活质量，甚至可以让整个世界变的更好。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2003年阅读Text 1(下)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2003年阅读Text 1（下）这是一篇科技类文章，主要讲的是互联网的发展推动了间谍活动的变革。
文章中的单词难度适中，基本没有超纲词汇。
同样，文章中出现了许多高频重点单词，以下是本文中出现的10个，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 30 available [ə'veɪləb(ə)l]adj. 有效的，可得的;可利用的;空闲的【词根记忆】：a(强调)+vail(价值)+able(形容词词尾)→有价值的东西也是有效的、可利用的东西→有效的，可利用的【真题例句】：Many of its predictions are available online at . 它的许多预测在网上都可以查阅，网址。
(2003年阅读Text 1)2. 4 mutually [ˈmjuːtʃuəli]adv. 互相地;互助【词根记忆】：mut(看做mute，哑的)+ual(形容词后缀)+ly(副词后缀)→哑巴之间说话只能靠“相互地”交换手势→互相地，互助【真题例句】：Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. 该公司的总裁乔治·弗莱德曼说，他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发布两方面相互增强的工具，是间谍们的梦想。
(2003年阅读Text 1)3. 4reinforce [riːɪn'fɔːs]v. 加强，加固;强化;补充n. 加强;加固物;加固材料【词根记忆】：re(重新，再一次)+in(向里)→force(力量)→再一次往里增加力量→加强，强化【真题例句】：The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. 其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难，而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强，这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行，进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。
考研英语一大纲词汇列表
考研英语一大纲词汇列表
考研英语一大纲词汇列表
单词是英语的基础，熟练掌握英语词汇，对同学们的考研英语复习有很大帮助，下面是店铺帮大家整理的考研英语一大纲词汇列表，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
1、abandonvt.离弃，丢弃;遗弃，抛弃;放弃
2、abdomenn.腹，下腹
3、abidevi.遵守;坚持
4、abilityn.能力;本领;才能，才干;专门技能，天资
5、ablea.有做某事，有本事的
6、abnormala.反常的，不正常的，不规则的
7、aboardad.prep.在船上;ad.上船
8、abolishvt.废除;取消
9、aboundvi.大量存在;充满，富于
10、aboutad.在周围;大约 prep.关于;在周围 a.准备
11、abovea.上述的 ad.在上面 prep.在..之上，高于
12、abroadad.到国外，在国外;在传播，在流传
13、abrupta.突然的，出其不意的;粗鲁无礼的
14、absencen.缺乏，不存在;缺席，不在;缺席的时间
15、absenta.缺席的;缺乏的.,不存在的;心不在焉的
16、absolutea.绝对的，完全的;确实的，肯定的
17、absorbvt.吸收;使全神贯注
18、abstracta.抽象的 n.摘要，梗概 vt.提取;摘录要点。
考研英语真题单词-2013(英一)
2013（一）完形 - 背景信息 Part1 单词1、defendant n.被告defend v.保卫defensible a.合乎情理理的plaintiff n.原告2、scale n.等级，级别；规模；⽐比例例；刻度3、float v.使汇率浮动4、fluctuate v.涨落，波动5、undo v.使⽆无效，取消6、otherwise 并⾮非如此；在另外的情况下Part2 短语1、sentence sb. ( to do ) 宣判2、minor part / role in a play 剧中的次要⻆角⾊色3、the big picture 整体情形4、in principle 原则上；⼤大体上，基本上5、be otherwise 并⾮非如此6、a defensible theory 站得住脚的理理论7、on a scale of / from ... to ... 按...到...的等级a scale of wages / taxation ⼯工资、税率的等级8、in conjunction with sb. / sth. 与sb. / sth. 在⼀一起9、mark out of 从总分中给分10、float the pound / dollar 使英镑、美元的对外汇率浮动Text 1 - 快时尚Part1 单词1、bin n.箱⼦子2、feverish a.发热的；焦躁不不安的3、indictment n.起诉书indicate v.标示4、anticipate v.预期5、inventory n.存货6、turnaround n.周转7、accusation n.谴责accurate a.准确的8、strain v.滥⽤用；拉紧restrain v.阻⽌止9、Omnivore n.杂⻝⾷食者10、answer n.[僻]对等物11、knit a.针织的12、vanity n.虚荣⼼心13、satire n.讽刺刺14、synonym n.同义词Part2 短语1、at odds with 与...相⽭矛盾2、long accustomed to ⻓长久以来，习惯于3、give away 捐赠4、towards the end of 在...即将结束之时5、as sb. is the first to note / mention /write 正如被...⾸首次注意到⼀一样6、knock off 迅速⽽而轻松的完成7、collection line 某⼀一时装系列列Text 2 - ⾏行行为⼴广告Part1 单词1、fraction n.部分friction n.竞争2、fine-grained a.精准的3、February n.⼆二⽉月January n.⼀一⽉月4、default v.系统默认值n.拖⽋欠，违约Part2 短语1、make / enter into / forge alliance 联盟2、get cracking to do ⽴立即着⼿手做某事3、set off the row 挑起争论4、worse off 恶化better off 情况好转5、press on 坚定地继续6、on that count 在那⼀一⽅方⾯面Text 3 - ⼈人类光明未来 Part1 单词1、glowingly ad.⽩白热化地2、ill n.不不幸，困难3、fulfillment n.完成，实现4、epidemic a.流⾏行行的5、tempt v.诱惑6、endure v.持续7、willfully ad.任性固执地8、dazzlingly ad.耀眼地9、fad n.时尚10、rosy a.美好的11、lot n.[僻]命运12、complicacy n.复杂Part2 短语1、by no means 绝不不2、speak ill of ... 说...的坏话；批评3、tempt fate 玩命，冒很⼤大的⻛风险4、look up 查阅5、mark time 计时6、as so often 正如许多时候，⽤用于引出“普遍适⽤用，得到确认”7、a passing fad ⼀一时的⻛风尚8、improve the lot of ... 改善…的命运Text 4 - 移⺠民法与三权分⽴立 Part1 单词1、provision n.条款2、overturn v.推翻3、defeat n.失败4、contest n.⽐比赛；争夺v.质疑；争夺5、deprive v.剥夺6、contradict v.抵抗7、deliberately a.慎重地；故意地8、intrude v.闯⼊入9、verify v.核实；查证10、status n.地位，身份statute n.法规11、intervention n.⼲干预12、withhold v.保留留；扣留留13、defense n.辩护14、robust a.强有⼒力力的15、objection n.异议16、outweigh v.重于17、rightly a.合适地；理理所当然地18、reject v.反对Part2 短语1、Alien and Sedition Acts 外国⼈人与煽动叛乱法2、knock out 破坏；使⽆无效3、fly too close to the sun 得意忘形，挑战权威4、intrude on 侵犯，违背5、the Court’s liberals ⾃自由派⼤大法官6、law enforcement 执法7、legitimate role 合法地位8、conflict with 与...相抵触9、turn on 以...为中⼼心，取决于10、to the letter 丝毫不不差；不不折不不扣新题型 - 社会研究 Part1 单词1、swollen a.浮肿的swallow v.吞咽咽2、eradicate v.根除3、category n.类别4、horizon n.地平线5、trick n.窍⻔门6、inclusive n.包容7、stem v.阻⽌止8、corporate n.企业9、marine a.海海洋的10、mindset n.⼼心态11、cross-cutting n.跨领域，交叉Part2 短语1、As for ... ⾃自...起/到...为⽌止2、root cause 根本原因3、as much about ... A as it is about B 不仅关乎B，还关于A4、be up in arms over 竭⼒力力反对5、higher education ⾼高教翻译 - 花园 Part1 单词1、irrepressible a.抑制不不住的2、strike v.突然想到strike - stuck3、fundamental a.根本的n.基本规律律4、beyond 除...外5、inarticulate a.⼝口⻮齿不不清的；沉默⽆无⾔言的artificial a.⼈人造的6、sacred a.神圣的scare n.惊恐7、cruel a.残忍的crude a.粗糙的；未经加⼯工的8、composure n.镇静9、discernible a.可识别的10、abiding a.持久的abide v.容忍11、clump n.丛⽣生12、stuff v.填充13、implicit a.隐晦的explicit a.明确的explicate v.详细解说14、liberated a.放纵的15、synthetic a.合成的16、uncanny a.神秘的17、yearning n.思念，渴望Part2 短语1、it strikes me that ... 我突然意识到...2、as it is ... 正如...3、call forth 唤起，振作4、a yearning for sth. 对某物的渴望⼩小作⽂文 - 邮件范文Dear Pro. JohnI am exceedingly delighted to recall the last successful English Speech Contest in which you were one of major judges. And today, I am writing for the purpose of inviting you to be the judge again for this year's contest.We are much grateful for your hard work in teaching, and it is your warmhearted help that enable students to build up interest for English. Thus, compared with last year, more youngsters will participate in this contest. Duringthe past three years, you focused much eyesight and interest on teaching speech. Accordingly, it is appropriate for you to give participants professional advice he contest will be held in the Center of Students Activities at 18: 30 on May 21th.Please consider and accept our sincere invitation and we are looking forward to your favorable reply.Yours trulyLi Ming译：尊敬的约翰教授，我⾮非常⾼高兴地回忆起上⼀一次成功的英语演讲⽐比赛，当时您是主要评委之⼀一。
研一重点词汇
Unit 11. Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. (Para. 1)staff: (n.) the group of people who work for an organizationE.g. There is a good relationship between staff and pupils at the school. 以staff 做主语的句子，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以用复数e.g.The staff has been cut by a quarter over the past year.The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase.be on the staff of: be a member ofe.g. He is on the editorial staff of the New York Times.staff (v.)provide with staffe.g.How may employees will it take to staff this resort?We have not enough money to staff all our schools.2. serve on the staff ofe.g.Most of our offices are staffed by volunteers.expertise(n.) special skill or knowledgee.g.A foreign coach has special knowledge and expertise.We are amazed at his expertise on the ski slope.辨析expertise (n.) 和expert (n.; adj.)My mother is an expert at dress-making.I thought your handling of the situation was expertMary has considerable expertise in French history.We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. (Para. 2) Paraphrase:We evaluate them by the standard traits our key players show to us.hold sb./sth. up to: subject sb/sth. to sth. unpleasant, such as test, mockery etc.e.g. A critic often holds up a book to ridicule or contempt.批评家经常对某本书加以嘲笑和蔑视。
研究生综合英语第一册1、2、5、8、9、10单元单词
mirage n. 海市蜃楼, 幻想illusion n. 幻觉,错觉,错误的信仰(或观念)con vt. 精读,学习,默记, 掌舵, 欺骗adv. 反对地adj. 欺诈的n. 反对论点，反对者,欺骗, 操舵台, 掌舵infallible adj. 绝无错误的, 绝对可靠的squarely adv. 成方形地,正直地adv.直接了当的、不含糊的、诚实的prospect n. 景色, 希望, 展望v. 探勘, 寻找rip n. 拉裂, 破绽, 激流, 浪荡子vt. 撕裂, 激昂地说, 贬损vi. 裂开, 仓促地冲过... flabby adj. 软弱的, 没气力的, 不稳的conversely adv. 相反地seedy adj. 褴褛的,破旧的,不体面的greasy adj. 油腻的, 滑溜溜的, 泥泞的streetwalker n. 流莺, 娼妓, 街上行人call girl应召女郎aforementioned adj. 上述的, 前述的devious adj. 弯曲的(远隔的,不正当的)snap v. 猛咬, 谩骂, 砰然关上, 拍摄, 崩塌，劈啪作响n. 啪嗒声, 快镜头，突然释放adj. 匆忙的，突然的adv. 劈啪作响地erroneous adj. 错误的, 不正确的devastating adj. 毁灭性的, 令人震惊的, 强有力的eloquent adj. 雄辩的, 有口才的, 动人的magnetic adj. 有磁性的,有吸引力的,催眠术的romp n. 好玩的游戏, 欢闹, 顽皮嬉闹的人n. 轻易取得的胜利vi. 嬉闹玩笑，欢快地迅速奔跑vi. 轻易地取得胜利unassuming adj. 谦逊的, 不装腔作势的glib adj. 能说善道的extroverted adj. 性格外向的flamboyant adj. 艳丽的, 炫耀的，火焰式的n. 凤凰木turnover n. 翻覆, 翻折, 半圆卷饼, 营业额, 成交量adj. 翻折的领子unwarranted adj. 无根据的，未经授权的，无保证的attorney n. (辩护)律师root canal n. 牙根管，牙根管填充手术sedan n. (美)厢式小轿车,单舱汽艇,轿子Sedan: 色当(法国东北部一城市)window-dressing装门面措施rapport n. 关系, 同意, 一致what about (对于) ... 怎么样stem from源于，来自于take to vt. 喜爱(开始,从事,养成,养成,走向,容易学会)count on依靠, 指望tip the scales vt. 称起来重为(起快定性作用)revert to回到，恢复到come across vt. 碰到(遇到, 无意中发现)more often than not往往, 多半as opposed to 与... 形成对照low-key adj. 抑制的, 软调的book up 预定thumb through v. 浏览fray vt. 擦, 磨损n. 磨损处；争论；辩论lapel n. 翻领slob n. 懒虫，邋遢的人plaque n. 匾, 饰板, 名牌, 徽章；血小板spiel n. 滔滔不绝的讲话canvas n. 帆布，（帆布）画布，油画confide v. 吐露,信托,信赖sensation n. 感觉,感知力,激动,轰动premise n. 前提vt. 提论, 预述，假设trashy adj. 碎屑的, 没用的inoffensive adj. 无害的, 没恶意的, 不讨厌的appeal n. 恳求, 上诉, 吸引力n. 诉诸裁决v. 求助, 诉请, 呼吁; 有吸引力spontaneous adj. 自发的, 自然产生的intermediary n. 仲裁者,调解者,媒介物,中间状态adj. 中间的,媒介的[计算机] 媒介thrill n. 震颤,激动vt. (使)震颤,抖颤,激动vi. 变激动installment n. 分期付款(安装, 一期)domesticity n. (喜欢)家庭生活，顾家overt adj. 公开的, 明显的, 公然的potentiality n. 可能力,潜在力,可能性orientation n. 信仰,趋向,定位,适应,情况介绍[计算机] 定向exhilarating adj. 令人喜欢的, 使人愉快的, 爽快的initiate n. 创始人adj. 新加入的vt. 开始,创始,启蒙,介绍加入consummation n. 达到目的, 完成antagonism n. 对抗，对立，敌对状态（行为）infatuation n. 迷恋intuition n. 直觉, 直觉的知识deep-seated adj. 根深蒂固的，深层的craving n. 渴望, 热望wiring n. 配线，布线动词wire的现在分词形式anarchic adj. 无政府状态的, 无法无天的，杂乱无章的astute adj. 机敏的, 狡猾的lingerie 妇女贴身内衣regress v. 倒退，回归，退化n. 退回回归，逆向思维psychotherapist n. 精神治疗医师rationalize vt. 使合理化，合理地说明，[数]给...消根sanitize vt. 采取卫生措施使其安全, 消毒, 使无害rapture n. 狂喜vt. 使狂喜puritanical adj. 极端拘谨的，有清教徒特点的sage n. 圣人,哲人adj. 贤明的,明智的be possessed of vt. 具有, 拥有monogamy n. 一夫一妻制clandestine adj. 秘密的，暗中的adultery n. 通奸enzyme n. 酶testosterone n. 男性荷尔蒙的一种dopamine n. 多巴胺(一种治脑神经病的药物)norepinephrine n. 降肾上腺素, 去甲肾上腺素amphetamine n. 苯异丙胺，安非他命euphoria n. 幸福愉快感vasopressin n. [化]后叶加压素, 抗利尿激素endorphin n. 内啡肽buzz n. 嗡嗡声vi. 发出嗡嗡声,充满,匆忙vt. 飞进,使嗡嗡叫tie the knot 打结(婚礼的一项仪式), 结婚ephemeral adj. 朝生暮死的, 生命短暂的stigma n. 耻辱, 污名n. 柱头malaise n. 不舒服insidious adj. 隐伏的, 暗中为害的，阴险的, 诱人上当的，（疾病等）不知不觉恶化的troubadour n. 行吟诗人, 民谣歌手paradigm n. 例子,模范,词形变化表mount n. 山峰,乘用马,框,衬纸vi. 增长,骑上(马) vt. 提升,爬上,装备en route adv. 在途中ultimatum n. 最后通牒chronic adj. 长期的,慢性的,惯常的clamp n. 螺丝钳,夹子vt. 夹住，固定riot v.&n. 骚乱,闹事vi. 闹事,骚乱escalate vt. 扩大,升高,增强vi. 逐步升级squabble v. （为琐事）争论，口角n. 争论，口角airborne adj. 空运的, 空中传播的,空降的intone v. (以拖长的单调音)吟咏, 吟咏, 唱或吟咏(圣歌)enlist v. 徵募, 参与, 支持charity n. 慈善机关(团体),仁慈,宽厚drive v. 开车, 驱使, 驾进力n. 驾车, 快车道, 推进力, 驱使, 路, 街draft n. 草稿,草图,汇票，徵兵vt. 起草,征兵,选秀adj. 酝酿中的tightrope n. 拉紧的绳索，极其危险的处境enunciate v. 发音, (清楚地)表达one-liner n. 俏皮话，打趣的话truculent adj. 野蛮的, 粗野的, 残酷的buttress n. 扶墙, 拱壁vt. 支持caricature n. 讽刺画, 漫画, 讽刺描述法，笨拙的模仿v. 画成漫画, 讽刺，使滑稽化guise n.装束，外观，伪装，借口gag n. 箝口物, 箝制言论, 讨论终结v. 虚伪, 使呕吐, 插科打浑suffice vi. 足够,合格vt. 使...足够blitz n. 闪击战vt. 以闪击战攻击bolster n. 长枕,靠垫vt. 支持,鼓励foster adj. 收养的,养育的v. 养育,抚育,培养n. (Foster)人名；(英、捷、意、葡、法、德、俄、西)福斯特citadel n. 城堡, 要塞anecdote n. 轶事,奇闻contagion n. 传染病，接触传染，蔓延defiant adj. 挑衅的, 目中无人protocol n. 草案, 协议,礼仪vt 拟定议定书implore v. 恳求, 哀求ladle n. 杓子, 长柄杓vt. 以杓舀取chalk up 记下，达到patch up 修补，平息, 拼凑plus prep.（表示运算）加；（表示包容）外加；[口语]和；（表示数目）在零（度）以上n.加号；[数学]正量；好处；附加物adj.加的；正的；附加的；比所示数量多的mileage n. 公里数heed n. 注意,留心vt. &vi. 注意,留心pompous adj. 傲慢的, 自大的, 浮华的out of place adj. 不合适的(不相称的,不适合的)intravenous adj. 静脉的，静脉注射的overwhelm v. 淹没,受打击,压倒prescription n. 药方, 对策, 开处方hyper 既兴奋又紧张的; 精力过旺的宣传人员egomaniac n. 极端利己主义者，极端自我主义者，自大狂reek n. 恶臭, 水蒸汽vi. 放出恶臭, 有...气味aptitude n. 才能,资质tycoon n. 企业界的大亨，（日本幕府的）将军identify with 视...为一体认同come across vt. 碰到(遇到, 无意中发现)inject v. 注射personable adj. 风度好的,优雅的,貌美的quip n. 警句,名言,讽刺v. 说讽刺的话,嘲弄,托辞howl n. 吠声, 嚎叫v. 狂吠, 咆哮, 呼啸what if 如果...将会怎么样roasting adj. 非常热的，烤肉用的n. 烘烤动词roast的现在分词形式get away with vt. 侥幸做成(侥幸取走)radiant adj. 发光的, 明亮的, 辐射的be bound to conj. 必然(不得不,束缚于,必须)moan n. 呻吟声, 悲叹声, 抱怨声v. 抱怨, 呻吟vi. 呻吟gallbladder n. 胆囊disgruntled adj. 不满意的(不高兴的) 动词disgruntle的过去式和过去分词populate v. 构成人口, 居住于deceptive adj. 迷惑的, 虚伪的, 诈欺的masculine n. 阳性, 男性adj. 男性的, 阳性的, 有丈夫气的bracket n. 支架, 括号, 档次vt. 支撑, 放在括号内, 归入一类, 包含, 支持falsify vt. 伪造, 歪曲, 说谎enslave vt. 使做奴隶, 使处于奴役的状态cog n. 齿(雄榫,坯) vt 装齿轮(打榫,开坯,初轧)oversight n. 勘漏, 失察, 失败spur n. 马刺, 刺激, 鞭策, 支脉, (公路或铁路的)支线, vt. 以马刺策(马)前进, 刺激, 激励, 给(马)装马刺flirt n. 卖弄风骚的人,调情的人vi. 掠过,轻率对待,经历vt. 忽然弹出,摇动banter n. 戏谑,嘲弄v. 戏弄,开玩笑pick n. 采摘, 精选,鹤嘴锄,精品, 收获量vt. 摘,挑选,挑惕,剔除,戳,撬vi. 慎选, 凿, 吹毛求疵, 采收scarlet n. 深红色,斐红色,红衣adj. 肥斐色的,深红色的dissect v. 解剖, 切细，仔细研究，详细分析bluff n. 断崖,绝壁adj. 直率的vi. 吹牛vt. 以虚张声势达成bait n. 饵,引诱vt. 嘲笑,纵犬攻击,以饵引诱,放饵magnate n. 大资本家orchestra n. 管弦乐队zenith n. 顶点，天顶，全盛bolster n. 长枕,靠垫vt. 支持,鼓励mastermind n. 聪明人, 智多星vt. (巧妙地)策划obliterate v. 涂去, 擦去, 删除as opposed to 与... 形成对照at every turn adv. 到处(每次，经常地)mark time v. 踏步, 停顿不前at stake adj. 在危险中(处于成败关头)come by vt. 从旁边走过(得到,来串门) vt. 得到,获得exert oneself 努力，尽力in the nick of time 在紧要关头holler v. 叫喊，发牢骚n. 叫喊，怨言truce n. 休战,(争执,烦恼等的)缓和v. 以停战结束simper v. 傻笑, 假笑n. 傻笑, 假笑sycophant n. 马屁精perverse adj. 乖张的, 倔强的, 错误的，不正当的，误入歧途的，有悖常理的bail out 保释出(某人)go-getter n. <俚>非常积极能干的人, 老手servile adj. 卑屈的, 奴隶的tab n.(tabulate)制表, 标签, 垂饰, 拉环,账单vt. 用标签或垂饰安装assuage vt. 缓和, 减轻, 镇定yo-yo n. 溜溜球(一种玩具) n. 笨人，蠢人adj. 上下起落的vi. 摇摆不定saunter vi. 闲逛, 漫步n. 闲逛, 漫步stretcher n. 担架，伸张器，横砖，横木Madonna n.圣母玛利亚,圣母像whore n. 妓女,嫖客,不道德的人vi. 卖淫, 为个人利益而采取妥协原则syndrome n. 综合征，综合症状；（不良情况的）典型表现，典型行为peccadillo n. 轻罪,小过,小暇疵osmosis n. 渗透, 渗透性，潜移默化shackle n. 桎梏, 束缚物v. 加桎梏, 加枷锁, 束缚macho adj. 男子的男子气的fleck n. 斑点,微粒v. 使...起斑点vt. 使有斑点,使成斑驳virile adj. 男性的, 男的, 有男子气概的, 精力充沛的strap n. 绳, 皮带, 镣铐, 皮鞭vt. 用绳索捆扎, 系住, 鞭笞, 磨快shuffle n. 拖著脚走,洗纸牌vt. &vi. 拖曳,慢吞吞地走doleful adj. 悲哀的, 寂寞的, 阴沉的sibilant adj. 发咝咝声的stupor n. 昏迷, 麻木, 不省人事mumble v. 喃喃而语, 咕哝n. 喃喃而语, 咕哝dehydration n. 脱水consign v. 交付, 分配, 委托valve n. 瓣膜,阀门,电子管,真空管furnace n. 炉子,熔炉,闷热地带,严峻考验overstock vt. 供给过多，进货过多n. 供给过多，库存过剩thermostat n. 恒温器supine adj. 仰卧的, (手)掌心向上的, 懒散的vexation n. 恼怒hector vt.& vi.吓唬，欺凌n.暴徒，威吓者，作威作福的人catcall n. 不满之声,嘘声blur vt.& vi. 使...模糊,弄脏n. 污点,模糊irksome adj. 厌恶的, 讨厌的, 令人厌烦的contortion n. 扭弯,扭歪,扭purposive adj. 有目的的, 故意的unobtrusive adj. 不突出的, 不显眼的, 谦虚的racking adj. 极为痛苦的，难以忍受的动词rack的现在分词compliance n. 承诺, 顺从, 遵从unconscionable adj. 不合理的, 没有条理的, 过度的bellicose adj. 好战的, 好斗的gird vt. 束缚，包围，使做好准备vi. 准备行动v. 嘲笑n. 讽刺的话showdown n. 摊牌fortify vt. 强化，增强，筑防御工事于，（物质或精神上）支持或鼓励vi. 构建防御工事sulk vi. 生气；愠怒n. 生气；愠怒；生气的人gastric adj. 胃的telltale n. 告密者，迹象，指示器，[体]发球限制线adj. 泄密的impervious adj. 不能渗透的, 不为所动的telepathic adj. 精神感应的reproof n. 斥责, 责备brazenly adv. 厚脸皮地，无耻地raring adj. 渴望的，急切的mortification n. 耻辱, 屈辱，禁欲，[医]坏疽centripetal adj. 向心的shaft n. 轴,杆状物vt. 装杆于,利用cyclone n. 旋风, 飓风，气旋,旋风分离器whisk n. 拂, 扫帚, 毛掸子, 搅拌器v. 拂, 迅速移动, 搅拌stash vt.隐藏,储藏n. 隐藏地点，隐藏物unctuous adj. 油腔滑调的，油的apathy n. 缺乏感情或兴趣,冷漠dispensation n. 分配, 施与，分配物, [宗]特许，豁免alienation n. 疏远,离间,让渡,[哲]异化convene v. 集合, 召集, 召唤v. 聚集, 集合plenipotentiary adj. 有全权的n. 全权代表inarticulate adj. 不能说话的，发音不清的，不善言辞的cordiality n. 诚恳, 热诚make a fuss 大惊小怪，小题大做make a scene 大吵大闹be carried away 十分激动, 十分兴奋speak up vt. 大声讲(毫无顾虑地说出)settle for vt. 对...感到满足(满足于)tear into 猛攻, 抨击descend on 袭击，突然降临，突然到来patter n. 急速拍打声, 轻快脚步声, 行话，顺口溜v. 喋喋不休, 滴嗒地响, 发出急速轻拍声hailstone n. 冰雹dodge vt. &vi. 避开,躲避n. 躲避grumble v. 发牢骚,抱怨，轰鸣n. 怨言,牢骚，轰隆声scowl n. 愁容,暴风雨前的阴沉晦暗v. 皱眉头,做出不高兴的脸,变阴沉晦暗newscaster n. 新闻广播员, 新闻评论广播员hapless adj. 倒霉的, 不幸的crane n. 鹤, 起重机v. 引颈, 伸长(脖子) vt. 伸长(脖子等)stand up for 坚持(拥护, 支持)apoplectic adj. 中风的, 易怒的slink v. 偷偷走动antagonize v. 使...成敌人,敌对,反对disembodied adj. 无实体的, 空洞的动词disembody的过去式和过去分词形式runaround n. 回避；推诿；搪塞sue vt. 控告, 起诉vi. 请求, 追求, 起诉n. (Sue)人名；(日)末(名)；(法)休；(英)休(女子教名Susan、Susanna的昵称)petty adj. 琐碎的,小规模的,小气的toaster n. 烤面包机ardent adj. 热心的, 激烈的, 热情的incommensurate adj. 不成比例的, 不相称的rancor n. 敌意, 恨意unalloyed adj. 未掺杂的, 纯粹的clamber n. 攀登,爬上v. 爬上,攀登outmoded adj. 过时的动词outmode的过去式和过去分词形式commonweal n. 公益，<古>共和国dog-eat-dog adj. 弱肉强食的usurp vt. 篡夺, 霸占vi. 篡位wield vt. 行使，运用，支配，挥舞，使用(武器等)astride adv. 跨着，叉开prep. 骑, 跨accoutrements n. (军服, 武器之外的)装备, 配备pushing adj.有进取心的,精力充沛的<br />n.推动<br />动词push的现在分词形式vulgar adj. 通俗的,粗俗的pharisaical adj. 伪善的, 重虚礼的ample adj. 充足的,丰富的,宽敞的quarter n. 四分之一, 一刻钟, 季度, 25美分vt. 四等分vi. 住宿, 驻扎adj. 四分之一的condominium n. （独立产权的）公寓, 共管, 国际共管egregious adj. 恶名昭彰的, 过份的，非常的sly adj. 狡猾的，诡密的,偷偷摸摸的inculcate v. 教授,谆谆教诲,教育profess v. 声称, 冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰blatant adj. 喧嚣的,吵闹的,俗丽的,明目张胆的prat n. <俚>臀部，(英)傻瓜obtuse adj. 钝的, 不尖的, 圆头的intractable adj. 不听话的, 倔强的, 棘手的ignoble adj. 平民的，卑贱的, 卑鄙的, 不光彩的constellation n. 星座, 星群underscore vt. 划线于,强调,提供伴奏乐n. 下划线,影片伴奏乐philanthropic adj. 博爱的，慈善事业的grandeur n. 庄严, 伟大benefactor n. 恩人, 捐助者, 赠送者linchpin n. 制轮楔，轮辖，关键harbor n. 海港,避难所vt. 庇护,心怀,窝藏vi. 进入避祸所,生存inextricable adj. 无法摆脱的, 纠缠的fantasize v. 想像, 幻想=fantasise（英）shorn v. shear的过去分词abrasion n. 磨减, 磨损, 磨损之处superfluous adj. 多余的，过剩的neurosis n. 神经症, 神经衰弱症longevity n. 长寿tumultuous adj.喧哗的，骚动的，激动的sham n. 假, 膺品, 骗子adj. 假的, 伪造的v. 假装, 学样子posterity n. 后代realm n. 王国,领域give away vi. 送掉(泄露,放弃,分配,出卖)under the counter adj.私下出售的(违法的)identify with 视...为一体认同own up 坦白地承认, 供认at all costs 不惜任何代价, 无论如何come about 发生, 改变方向stand for 代表at bottom 实际上, 本质上, 根本上plateau n. 高原;平稳;稳定状态vi. 到达平稳阶段fizzle n. 嘶嘶声, 失败v. 发嘶嘶声, 失败firecracker n. 爆竹, 鞭炮fluke n. 侥幸, 偶然的机会，鲽鱼，猫爪intimidate vt. 威胁,恐吓,胁迫turn around vt. 转身(转变，逆转，卸完货离去)glue n. 胶,粘性之物vt. 粘, 紧附于...smear v. 涂,擦上,抹擦使变模糊n.油迹，污点；诋毁，诽谤；（医）涂片标本dividend n. 红利,股息,意外之财, 彩金, 被除数materialize v. 赋与实质,使体现,物质化v. 成有形,体现,实现forgo v. 没有...就算了, 作罢停止, 放弃mortgage n.&v. 抵押equity n. 权益，产权，(无固定利息的)股票n. 公平, 公正chancellor n. 英大臣(使馆秘书, 首相)bluntly adv. 钝, 迟钝地, 直率地overpower vt. 压倒，制服，给以过大的动力elicit vt. 引出,诱探出pinnacle n. 小尖塔, 尖峰, 高峰vt. 造小尖塔, 放置高处reign n. 执政,君主统治时期,王朝vi. 当政,统治,占优势,支配,盛行stunning adj. 足以使人晕倒的,极好的aptitude n. 才能,资质lackluster adj. 无光泽的(暗淡的,无生气的,平凡的) n. 无光泽(暗淡,无生气,平凡) concede vt. 承认,给予vi. 让步put across v. 圆满完成, 使被接受revenue n. 总收入; 财政收入, 税收n. 税务局recession n. 后退,凹入的地方,不景气stroke n. 中风；冲程；笔画；打击；尝试；轻抚vt. 抚摸；敲击；划尾桨；划掉vi. 击球；作尾桨手；敲击键盘exceed vt. 超过, 胜过, 超出界限vi. 领先verify v. 查证,核实n.[计算机] DOS命令: 打开关闭在DOS操作期间的写文件校验开关surety n. 保证人, 保证, 担保ungainly adj. 笨拙的, 不雅的，难用的。
研究生英语unit1单词集合
1. aptitude ['æptitju:d]n. 天资；自然倾向；适宜2. dismantle [dis'mæntl]vt. 拆除；取消；解散；除掉…的覆盖物vi. 可拆卸3. advocate ['ædvəkeit. 'ædvəkət]n. 提倡者；支持者；律师vt. 提倡，主张，拥护4. vandalism ['vændəlizəm]n. 汪达尔人作风；故意毁坏文物的行为；破坏他人财产的行为5. embrace [im'breis]n. 拥抱vt. 拥抱；信奉，皈依；包含vi. 拥抱6. lipstick ['lipstik]n. 口红；唇膏vt. 涂口红vi. 涂口红7. pagan ['peiɡən]n. 异教徒；无宗教信仰者adj. 异教的；异教徒的8. flair [flεə]n. 资质；鉴别力9. distort [dis'tɔ:t]vt. 扭曲；使失真；曲解vi. 扭曲；变形10. knot [nɔt]n. （绳等的）结；节瘤，疙瘩；海里/小时（航速单位）vt. 打结vi. 打结11. revolver [ri'vɔlvə. -'vɔ:-]n. 左轮手枪；旋转器12. barrel ['bærəl]n. 桶；枪管，炮管vt. 把……装入桶内vi. 快速移动13. psychologist [psai'kɔlədʒist]n. 心理学家，心理学者14. coach [kəutʃ]n. 教练；旅客车厢；长途公车；四轮大马车vt. 训练；指导vi. 作指导；接受辅导；坐马车旅行15. continuously [kən'tinjuəsli]adv. 连续不断地16. emphasize ['emfəsaiz]vt. 强调，着重17. germ [dʒə:m]n. [植] 胚芽，萌芽；细菌vi. 萌芽18. self esteem自尊19. negative ['neɡətiv]n. 否定；负数；[摄] 底片adj. [数] 负的；消极的；否定的；阴性的vt. 否定；拒绝20. swap [swɔp. swɔ:p]n. 交换；交换之物vt. 与...交换；以...作交换vi. 交换；交易21. positive ['pɔzətiv. -zi-]n. 正数；[摄] 正片adj. 积极的；[数] 正的，[化学][医] 阳性的；确定的，肯定的；实际的，真实的；绝对的22. boredom ['bɔ:dəm]n. 厌倦；令人厌烦的事物23. anxiousness ['æŋkʃəs. nis]n. 焦急24. jealousy ['dʒeləsi]n. 嫉妒；猜忌；戒备25. jealous ['dʒeləs]adj. 妒忌的；猜疑的；唯恐失去的；戒备的26. essential [i'senʃəl]n. 本质；要素；要点；必需品adj. 基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的27. appropriate [ə'prəuprieit. ə'prəupriət]adj. 适当的vt. 占用；拨出28. hormone ['hɔ:məun]n. [生理] 激素，荷尔蒙29. optimism ['ɔptimizəm]n. 乐观；乐观主义30. paradoxical [. pærə'dɔksikəl]adj. 矛盾的；诡论的；似非而是的31. paradox ['pærədɔks]n. 悖论，反论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事32. indicate ['indikeit]vt. 表明；指出；预示；象征33. expansion [ik'spænʃən]n. 膨胀；阐述；扩张物34. reveal [ri'vi:l]n. 揭露；暴露；门侧，窗侧vt. 显示；透露；揭露；泄露35. bust [bʌst]n. 破产；半身像；萧条；胸部adj. 破产了的；毁坏了的vt. 使破产；使爆裂；逮捕vi. 破产；爆裂；降低级别36. affiliate [ə'filieit. ə'filiit. -eit]n. 联号；隶属的机构等vt. 使附属；接纳；使紧密联系vi. 参加，加入；发生联系37. contagious [kən'teidʒəs]adj. 感染性的；会蔓延的38. decent ['di:sənt]adj. 正派的；得体的；相当好的39. emerge [i'mə:dʒ]vi. 浮现；摆脱；暴露40. pejorative ['pi:dʒərətive]n. 轻蔑语adj. 轻蔑的；[临床] 恶化的，变坏的41. tactic ['tæktik]n. 策略，战略adj. 按顺序的，依次排列的42. exposure [ik'spəuʒə]n. 暴露；曝光；揭露；陈列43. exclusive [ik'sklu:siv]n. 独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者adj. 独有的；排外的；专一的44. labour ['leibə]n. 劳动力，人工；分娩vi. 劳动；分娩；费力地前进45. artificial [. ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]adj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的46. hence [hens]adv. 因此；今后47. significant [sig'nifikənt]n. 象征；有意义的事物adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的48. choke off使闷死；劝阻，阻止49. mobility [məu'biləti]n. 移动性；机动性；[电子] 迁移率50. reference ['refərəns]n. 参考，参照；涉及，提及；参考书目；介绍信；证明书vt. 引用vi. 引用51. stratagem ['strætədʒəm]n. 策略；计谋52. temp [temp]n. 临时雇员abbr. 温度（temperature）vt. 做临时工作53. internal [in'tə:nəl]adj. 内部的；内在的；国内的54. outsourcing ['aut. sɔ:siŋ]n. 外包；外购；外部采办55. contractor ['kɔntræktə]n. 承包人；立契约者56. admirable ['ædmərəbl]adj. 令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的57. reshape [. ri:'ʃeip]vt. 改造；再成形58. subcontractor [. sʌbkən'træktə]n. 转包商，分包者59. erosion [i'rəuʒən]n. 侵蚀，腐蚀60. janitorial [. dʒæni'tɔ:riəl]adj. janitor的变形61. janitor ['dʒænitə]n. 看门人；守卫；门警；幽门62. diminish [di'miniʃ]vt. 使减少；使变小vi. 减少，缩小；变小63. slammedv. 猛烈抨击（slam的过去分词）；猛撞adj. 猛烈抨击的；猛砸的64. gain [ɡein]n. 增加；利润；收获vi. 增加；获利vt. 获得；增加；赚到65. shot upshot up: 说唱硬核Shot stick Up: 右摇杆上|摇杆上I shot it up or kicked it out: 我就开它几枪再一脚给它踢开66. extend [ik'stend]vt. 延伸；扩大；推广；伸出；给予；使竭尽全力；对…估价vi. 延伸；扩大；伸展；使疏开67. slight [slait]n. 怠慢；轻蔑adj. 轻微的，少量的；脆弱的；细长的；不重要的vt. 轻视，忽略；怠慢68. asset ['æset]n. 资产；优点；有用的东西；有利条件69. vaunt [vɔ:nt]n. 自吹自擂vt. 自夸；吹嘘vi. 自夸；吹嘘70. burst [bə:st]n. 爆发，突发；爆炸vt. 爆发，突发；爆炸vi. 爆发，突发；爆炸71. conventional [kən'venʃənəl]adj. 符合习俗的，传统的；常见的；惯例的72. quintile ['kwintil]adj. 五分之一对座的（相隔72度）n. 五分之一对座73. amid [ə'mid]prep. 在其中，在其间74. bracket ['brækit]n. 支架；括号；墙上凸出的托架vt. 括在一起；把…归入同一类；排除75. stick [stik]n. 棍；手杖；呆头呆脑的人vi. 坚持；伸出；粘住vt. 刺，戳；伸出；粘贴76. clerk [klɑ:k. klə:k]n. 职员，办事员；店员；书记；记帐员vi. 当销售员，当店员77. counselor ['kaunsələ]n. 顾问；法律顾问；参事（等于counsellor）78. barely ['bεəli]adv. 仅仅，勉强；几乎不；公开地；贫乏地79. inflation [in'fleiʃən]n. 膨胀；通货膨胀；夸张；自命不凡80. inflatable [in'fleitəbl]adj. 膨胀的，可充气的；得意的81. prospective [prəu'spektiv]n. 预期；展望adj. 未来的；预期的82. prospect ['prɔspekt]n. 前途；预期；景色vt. 勘探，勘察vi. 勘探，找矿83. edge [edʒ]n. 边缘；优势；刀刃；锋利vt. 使锐利；将…开刃；给…加上边vi. 缓缓移动；侧着移动84. stratify ['strætifai]vt. 分层；成层；使形成阶层vi. 分层；成层；阶层化85. sheepskin ['ʃi:pskin]n. 羊皮；羊皮纸；羊皮革；毕业证书86. soaredv. 飙升（soar的过去分词）；骤然上升87. soar [sɔ:]n. 高飞；高涨vi. 高飞；高耸；往上飞舞88. bachelor ['bætʃələ]n. 学士；单身汉；（尚未交配的）小雄兽89. bud [bʌd]n. 芽，萌芽；蓓蕾vt. 使发芽vi. 发芽，萌芽90. budge [bʌdʒ]n. 羔羊皮vt. 使让步；移动；使改变态度或意见vi. 挪动；微微移动；改变态度或意见；服从91. newsletter ['nju:z. letə]n. 时事通讯92. lid [lid]n. 盖子；眼睑；限制vt. 给…盖盖子93. mainstay ['meinstei]n. 支柱；中流砥柱；主要的依靠；主桅支索94. fare [fεə]n. 票价；费用；旅客；食物vi. 经营；进展；遭遇；过活95. occupation [. ɔkju'peiʃən]n. 职业；占有；消遣；占有期96. contrast [kən'trɑ:st. -'træst. 'kɔntrɑ:st. -træst]n. 对比；差别；对照物vt. 使对比；使与…对照vi. 对比；形成对照97. surpass [sə'pɑ:s. -'pæs]vt. 超越；胜过，优于；非…所能办到或理解98. pattern ['pætən]n. 模式；图案；样品vt. 模仿；以图案装饰vi. 形成图案99. receptionist [ri'sepʃənist]n. 接待员；传达员100. veteran ['vetərən]n. 老兵；老手；富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的101. dime [daim]n. 一角硬币102. decry [di'krai]vt. 责难，谴责；诽谤103. inadequate [in'ædikwit]adj. 不充分的，不适当的104. arduous ['ɑ:djuəs]adj. 努力的；费力的；险峻的105. surplus ['sə:plʌs. -pləs]n. 剩余；[贸易] 顺差；盈余；过剩adj. 剩余的；过剩的106. radical ['rædikəl]n. 基础；激进分子；[物化] 原子团；[数] 根数adj. 激进的；根本的；彻底的107. candidate ['kændideit. -dət]n. 候选人，候补者；应试者108. proposal [prəu'pəuzəl]n. 提议，建议；求婚109. propose [prəu'pəuz]vi. 建议；求婚；打算vt. 建议；打算，计划；求婚110. creep [kri:p]n. 爬行；毛骨悚然的感觉；谄媚者vi. 爬行；蔓延；慢慢地移动；起鸡皮疙瘩111. rigid ['ridʒid]adj. 严格的；僵硬的，死板的；坚硬的；精确的112. rigidity [ri'dʒidəti]n. [物] 硬度，[力] 刚性；严格，刻板；僵化；坚硬113. diploma [di'pləumə]n. 毕业证书，学位证书；公文，文书；奖状vt. 发给…毕业文凭114. anticipation [æn. tisi'peiʃən]n. 希望；预感；先发制人；预支115. anticipate [æn'tisipeit]vt. 预期，期望；占先，抢先；提前使用116. deterioration [di. tiəriə'reiʃən]n. 恶化；退化；堕落117. deteriorate [di'tiəriəreit]vi. 恶化，变坏vt. 恶化118. vanish ['væniʃ]n. 弱化音vi. 消失；突然不见；成为零vt. 使不见，使消失119. boast [bəust]n. 自夸；值得夸耀的事物，引以为荣的事物vi. 自吹自擂vt. 夸口说，自吹自擂说；以有…而自豪120. declare [di'klεə]vt. 宣布，声明；断言，宣称vi. 声明，宣布121. confess [kən'fes]vi. 承认；坦白；忏悔；供认vt. 承认；坦白；忏悔；供认122. reservoir ['rezəvwɑ:]n. 水库；蓄水池123. vanity ['vænəti]n. 虚荣心；空虚；浮华；无价值的东西124. deceit [di'si:t]n. 欺骗；谎言；欺诈手段125. commitment [kə'mitmənt]n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身126. radically ['rædikəli]adv. 根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式127. admittedly [əd'mitidli]adv. 公认地；无可否认地；明白地128. drastically ['dræstikəli]adv. 彻底地；激烈地129. manipulate [mə'nipjuleit]vt. 操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改130. steering ['stiəriŋ]n. 操纵；指导；掌舵v. 驾驶；掌舵（steer的ing形式）131. generate ['dʒenəreit]vt. 使形成；发生；生殖132. castigate ['kæstiɡeit]vt. 严惩；苛评；矫正；修订133. stipulate ['stipjuleit]adj. 有托叶的vi. 规定；保证vt. 规定；保证134. calamity [kə'læməti]n. 灾难；不幸事件135. bliss [blis]n. 极乐；天赐的福vt. 使欣喜若狂vi. 狂喜136. hazard ['hæzəd]n. 危险，冒险；冒险的事vt. 赌运气；冒…的危险，使遭受危险137. hazardous ['hæzədəs]adj. 有危险的；冒险的；碰运气的138. catastrophic [. kætə'strɔfik]adj. 灾难的；悲惨的139. trifle ['traifl]n. 琐事；蛋糕；少量vt. 浪费；虚度vi. 开玩笑；闲混；嘲弄140. devastate ['devəsteit]vt. 毁灭；毁坏141. fracture ['fræktʃə]n. 破裂，断裂；[外科] 骨折vt. 使破裂vi. 破裂；折断142. scatter ['skætə]n. 分散；散播，撒播vt. 使散射；使散开，使分散；使散播，使撒播vi. 分散，散开；散射143. placid ['plæsid]adj. 平静的；温和的；沉着的144. turbulence ['tə:bjuləns]n. 骚乱，动荡；[流] 湍流；狂暴145. turbulent ['tə:bjulənt]adj. 骚乱的，混乱的；狂暴的；吵闹的146. plain [plein]n. 平原；无格式；朴实无华的东西adj. 平的；简单的；朴素的；清晰的adv. 清楚地；平易地147. fascination [fæsi'neiʃən]n. 魅力；魔力；入迷148. inclination [. inkli'neiʃən]n. 倾向，爱好；斜坡149. indignation [. indiɡ'neiʃən]n. 愤慨；愤怒；义愤150. lumber ['lʌmbə]n. 木材；废物，无用的杂物；隆隆声vt. 砍伐木材；乱堆vi. 伐木；喧闹地向前走；笨重地行动，缓慢地移动151. dealer ['di:lə]n. 经销商；商人v. 商人152. degrade ['di'ɡreid]vt. 贬低；使……丢脸；使……降级；使……降解vi. 降级，降低；退化153. relinquish [ri'liŋkwiʃ]vt. 放弃；放手；让渡154. justice ['dʒʌstis]n. 司法，法律制裁；正义；法官，审判员155. ferocious [fə'rəuʃəs]adj. 残忍的；惊人的156. fervent ['fə:vənt]adj. 热心的；强烈的；炽热的；热烈的157. feeble ['fi:bl]adj. 微弱的，无力的；虚弱的；薄弱的158. formidable ['fɔ:midəbl]adj. 强大的；可怕的；令人敬畏的；艰难的159. algebra ['ældʒibrə]n. 代数学160. doer [du:ə]n. 实干家；行为者161. rebound [. ri:'baund]n. 回弹；篮板球v. 重新装订（rebind的过去式和过去分词）vt. 使弹回vi. 回升；弹回162. dwell [dwel]vi. 居住；存在于；细想某事163. provoke [prəu'vəuk]vt. 驱使；激怒；煽动；惹起164. linger ['liŋɡə]vi. 徘徊；苟延残喘；磨蹭vt. 消磨；缓慢度过165. introspective [. intrəu'spektiv]adj. 内省的；反省的166. stripe [straip]n. 条纹，斑纹；种类vt. 加条纹于…167. scrape [skreip]n. 刮掉；擦痕；困境；刮擦声vt. 刮；擦伤；挖成vi. 刮掉；刮出刺耳声168. scrap [skræp]n. 碎片；残余物；打架；少量vt. 废弃；使解体；拆毁adj. 废弃的；零碎的vi. 吵架169. strip [strip]n. 带；条状；脱衣舞vt. 剥夺；剥去；脱去衣服vi. 脱去衣服170. consciousness ['kɔnʃəsnis]n. 意识；知觉；觉悟；感觉171. conspicuousness [. kɔnspi'kju:əti] n. 显而易见；惹人注目；突出172. constriction [kən'strikʃən]n. 收缩；压缩；紧窄感；压缩物173. conscience ['kɔnʃəns]n. 道德心，良心174. prescribe [pris'kraib]vt. 规定；开处方vi. 规定；开药方175. proscribe [prəus'kraib]vt. 剥夺……的公权；禁止176. ascribe [ə'skraib]vt. 归因于；归咎于177. solitary ['sɔlitəri]n. 独居者；隐士adj. 孤独的；独居的178. sober ['səubə]adj. 冷静的，清醒的；未醉的vt. 使严肃；使醒酒，使清醒。
考研英一常见单词(1)
考研英一常见单词（1）1. Abstract (n.) - a summary or brief description of something2. Acquire (v.) - to gain or obtain something3. Adequate (adj.) - sufficient or satisfactory4. Analyze (v.) - to examine or study something in detail5. Appropriate (adj.) - suitable or fitting for a particular purpose6. Assess (v.) - to evaluate or judge the quality or value of something7. Authentic (adj.) - genuine or real8. Cite (v.) - to quote or mention as evidence or support9. Comprehend (v.) - to understand or grasp the meaning of something10. Convey (v.) - to communicate or express something in a clear manner11. Critique (n.) - a detailed analysis or evaluation of something12. Deduce (v.) - to draw a conclusion based on evidence or reasoning13. Elaborate (adj.) - detailed or intricate14. Enhance (v.) -to improve or increase the quality or value of something15. Excerpt (n.) - a passage or quote taken from a larger work16. Explicit (adj.) -clear and specific, leaving no room for confusion or doubt17. Hypothesis (n.) -a proposed explanation or theory that is to be tested18. Inference (n.) -a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence andreasoning19. Integrate (v.) - to combine or incorporate into a whole20. Validity (n.) - the quality of being logically or factually sound21. Ambiguous (adj.) -having multiple possible meanings or interpretations22. Coherent (adj.) - logical and consistent; clear and easy to understand23. Discern (v.) - to perceive or recognize something with the senses or intellect24. Evoke (v.) - to bring a feeling, memory, or image to mind; to elicit or inspire25. Formulate (v.) -to create or develop a plan, idea, or theory in a systematic way26. Implication (n.) - a suggested or indirect meaning; a possible consequence27. Inherent (adj.) - existing as a natural or essential part of something; intrinsic28. Justify (v.) -to provide a reason or explanation that supports or defends something29. Paradox (n.) - a seemingly contradictory statement or situation that may be true30. Provoke (v.) - to cause a reaction or feeling, often intentionally31. Reconcile (v.) -to bring into agreement or harmony; to resolve a conflict32. Relinquish (v.) -to give up or surrender something, especially willingly33. Scrutinize (v.) - to examine or inspect closely and thoroughly34. Substantiate (v.) - to provide evidence or proof to support a claim or statement35. Synthesize (v.) - to combine or integrate information or ideas into a coherent whole36. Undermine (v.) -to weaken, sabotage, or subvert something, often gradually37. Validate (v.) - to confirm or prove the accuracy, validity, or worth of something38. Warrant (v.) - to justify or deserve; to provide a basis for confidence or belief39. Yield (v.) - to produce or provide a result, often as a consequence of something40. Advocate (v.) - to support or recommend a particular cause, idea, or policy41. Bolster (v.) - to strengthen, support, or reinforce something42. Convey (v.) - to communicate or express a message or information43. Delineate (v.) -to describe or outline something in a clear and detailed manner44. Elaborate (adj./v.) -detailed and complex; to explain or develop something further45. Exemplify (v.) - to serve as a typical or prime example of something46. Implicate (v.) - to show or suggest that someone is involved in a crime or wrongdoing47. Incite (v.) - to encourage or provoke someone to take action, usually negative or violent48. Mitigate (v.) - to make something less severe, serious, or painful49. Perceive (v.) - to become aware of or understand something through the senses or intellect50. Reiterate (v.) -to repeat or emphasize something for clarity or emphasis51. Sustain (v.) - to support or uphold something over a period of time; to endure or withstand52. Underlying (adj.) -fundamental or basic; serving as a basis for something53. Validate (v.) - to confirm or prove the accuracy, validity, or worth of something54. Refute (v.) - to prove a statement, theory, or argument to be false or incorrect55. Corroborate (v.) - to confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding56. Imply (v.) - to suggest or indicate something without explicitly stating it57. Empirical (adj.) -based on observation or experience rather than theory or speculation58. Prevalent (adj.) -widespread or commonly occurring; generally accepted or practiced59. Contingent (adj.) -dependent on or influenced by something else; conditional60. Adept (adj.) - skilled or proficient in a particular activity or subject。
（完整word版）研究生综合英语（陆效用,复旦大学）单词整理（第一册）.docx
（完整word版）研究生综合英语（陆效用,复旦大学）单词整理（第一册）.docxFlabby弱的，松的Exhilarating令人高的Lapse 陷入，流逝，失效，Greasy 油的，油滑的Consummation房Amok 狂怒Snap突然，猛咬，突然折断Antagonism抗的，意的Cobble石，粗制造Scapegrace 混蛋Take a liking to喜Snippy粗的Infatuation迷恋Have to do with sb 与??有关Hyperstimulation 度刺激Intuition Rapport关系密切，和Forge 造，造Craving渴望，Stem from源于Curator，管理者，Hold true for sth ??也适用Count on指望Bemoan悲悼，哀Giddiness眩，浮Revert to回到??Muster召集Larder食品柜Gutter民窟，水沟Incentive刺激（的），激励Perversity反常，倔，Infamous声名狼藉Outback内地Hilarious极其可笑的，的Dissolute放Swoop俯冲Chuck拍，；放弃（in/up ），Rogue棍，小淘气Flutter拍翅膀，不跳，打走、扔掉（ out）Workhouse救所，囚犯工厂，，抖Expostulation告感化院Wallaby沙袋鼠Unscrupulous肆无忌惮的，无耻Yacht快艇Hector威吓，作威作福得人Amendment改正，修正案Sovereign土Plunk down突然落下Qualm（about）疑，担心，Settle down安Cook up内疚，心Wash one’s hands of sb/sth拒Peck sth out啄出，力的打字Convict 明有罪、判决（of），Be in sb’s debt欠?? A buffer zone冲地使悔悟，囚犯Make a point of doing一定Wipe out底，抹去，擦Vindictive复性的做??干Scoundrel棍Chitchat Be akin to密切关系的，相似的Philander玩弄女性Spam垃圾件En route在途中Grudge 嫉妒（v，n+ against），Detritus碎屑，腐Mount （使）登、爬、；架不情愿做（to do/doing ）Suck/rock吮，/ 晃，令人，嵌；（攻）；（警Levy 征收，征募，（争）震惊）；展出，搬上舞台Tip the scale (against/in favor of)Harry不断Ultimatum最后通牒Come across 偶遇，出，清，Snoop，管事的人，私Chronic慢性走来家探Tardiness拖拉More often than not Shrivel（使）萎、无能力Clamp 子，，行施或As opposed to Barrage阻，猛烈攻取Seedy 多种子的，下流，不愉快，Mind-boggling令人吃惊Riot 乱衣衫Disparate迥异Escalate（使）逐步升，自Sensation感知，Hassle争，麻扶梯爬升Premise 假定，Salvage挽救，可利用的品Squabble争吵Trashy垃圾似的Far-flung遥的Airborne空运，媒Inoffensive 无害的，不人Visceral内Intone吟的Transcend超越Enlist 征募，入伍，取（支持）Appeal 呼吁，求助（ to/for ），有Flatten弄平，打倒De rigueure 盛行吸引力的（to）Hierarchy等Tightrope拉的索，危的Intermediary 中介的，中介Purveyor建者境Thrill使，使，使抖Prurient色情Enunciate清晰地音，宣布Overt明，公然，蓄意Spew One-liner小笑Truculent凶狠、好、粗暴Mentor良益友Make for走向，攻，致Buttress支持物Forte特，响的，很响地Get away with幸逃脱Caricature 漫画，夸手法Steak牛排，肉排Speculate on思索，推Guise外，装Tentative性的Imbue sb(sth) with sth灌Gag插科打，塞住嘴，噎住Irrevocable不可撤回的Infuse sb(sth) with sth 注入Blitz炸Forego放弃Raise sb’s hackles 生气Citadel 城堡，要塞，安全的地方Marrow骨髓，精髓，葫芦Call sth forth起Aloofness冷漠，高傲Transient短的，瞬的，Dredge sth up挖取，出，提起Contagion染，染病住客，候Deceptive 虚的，人的Defiant 抗的，挑的，大胆的Galvanizing，Bracket 支架，括弧，，等Protocol ，礼，IT Imposter子，档次，同等的人/物Implore求Vivacious活的Falsify 造，歪曲，撒Ladle勺，用勺舀Crack裂开，开，（笑），Cog ，吻合Chalk up下，取得响，破解，掉，俏皮，Oversight失察，疏忽Patch up修，平息裂，入Flirt 情，一想到，In a twinkling一瞬Trepidation惶恐，抖Demotion 降Be caught up in sth ?特感Arrogance傲慢Banter 取笑，逗弄，开玩笑趣Hotshot能人，自命不凡的人，Scarlet 猩色Theologian神学家快Dissect 解剖，仔分析Bioethicist生物理学家Bravado 虚声，蛮干，冒Bluff 愚弄，吓Permeate渗入，弥漫Lovelorn失恋，相思病Abysmally 极坏的，极度的Mammary乳腺的，乳房的Dropout退出，退学，退学生，Bait ，引Nascent初生的，不成熟的漏掉Magnate 巨，要人，Atheist无神者Infatuation迷恋，迷恋的西Orchestra 管弦Agnostic不可知者Seductress勾引男人的女人Zenith 天，最高点，鼎盛Inundate泛，倒Potency 力量，潜力，力，效Becomingly 合适的，得体的Pharmaceutical 制的力Prima 第一的，主要的Insulin胰素Soother慰者Bolster 子，支持物，靠枕Reiterate 重申，反复做Chameleon色Mastermind 才横溢的人，智Uterine 子的Pejorative蔑的，的囊，幕后操Transfix刺穿，把某人怔住Modus operandi 一做法，工Obliterate 擦掉痕迹，消，忘掉Ply 向，定期往返，不断地做作方法to all intents and purposes 上Juggernaut世界主宰Omnipotent 全能的，至高无上的As opposed to 与?相，而不是Mandate命令，授Fortify加，加固，筑防御工At every turnOnslaught突，猛攻事于，支持，，提高养，Mark time原地踏步，无展Docile温，容易服的提高酒的度数At stake 危急关A host of大量Brim（杯碗、帽子）Come by从旁，得到Grapple with搏斗，努力付Obstinately固的，固的Break off中断，断交，折断Be entitled to有??利Howl叫Exert oneself尽力Walk of life行，Tug拉，拖In the nick of time 及Incandescent 的，的Blemish疤，瑕疵Provisional的，定的Forthcoming即将到来的，有Moratorium 延期付，停，的，意帮助的Bail out保，舀出，跳。
考研英语词汇一Microsoft Word 文档
rocket v. 激增，猛涨= take off= soar lean adj. 瘦瘦的jean n. 牛仔裤detach v. 使分开，使分离attach v. 把…和…联系在一起Unit 44prehistoric adj. 史前的extinct adj. 灭绝的extinction n. 灭绝overfish v. 过度捕捞fishery n. 渔场；渔业biomass n. (单位面积或体积内)事物的数量predator n. 肉食动物vessel n. 大船prey n. 猎物proportion n. 比例saturate v. 充满be saturated with…bait n. 饵，鱼饵hook v. 钓鱼trap v. 诱骗，诱捕n. 圈套，埋伏baseline n. 底线，基点marine n. 海洋的，水生的detect v. 发现，查明，侦测到matter v. 要紧，重要，很有意义maximum n./adj. 最大值（的）yield n. 产量v. 向…屈服、低头crop v. 收获，收割outlive v. 活超…Unit 45weird adj. 古怪的，离奇的= strange = odd suit v. 适合于…skeptical adj. 怀疑的，质疑的misery n. 痛苦，不幸perpetual adj. 永久的，时常发生的massacre n. 大屠杀depict v. 描绘，描写track v. 跟踪，追踪，紧随其后= follow in the wake of 随着…，紧跟在…之后ideology n. 思想意识，思想体系era n. 纪元；时代surround v. 包围exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的literacy n. 识字in peril 在危险中celebrity n. 名人，名流agenda n. 议事日程bitter adj. 痛苦的illusion n. 错觉，幻觉，假象refresh v. 使恢复，使振作，使焕然一新。
2005年考研英语阅读理解Text1单词(附中文词义)
Text 1 动物公平Rise，v. 上涨，上升；Pleasure，n. 喜悦Vanish，v. 消失Colleague，n. 同事College，n. 学院Indeed，adv. 事实上Reputation，n. 声望，名誉Slack，v. 放松Outrage，v. 愤怒Be regarded as，被当做……Underlying，adj. 潜在的Underlie，v. 位于……之下Assumption，n. 假设Be capable of，有能力做（某事）Finely，adv. 细微地Grievance，n. 不满，委屈Publish，v. 出版，发表As well, 也Researcher, n. 研究者Research, n. & v. 研究Study, v. 研究，调查Female, adj. 女性的Male, adj. 男性的Capuchin monkey 卷尾猴Good-nature 本性善良Creature, n. 创造物Co-operative, adj, 合作的Cooperation, n. 合作Corporation, n. 公司Operation, n. 操作，经营，手术Operate, v. 操作，经营= run Above all, 首先，最重要的是，Counterpart, n. 对应物Tend to do 倾向于做（某事）Pay attention to 注意Value, n. 价值Characteristic, n. 特征Candidate, n. 候选人Exchange…for…, v. 用…交换…Normally, adv. 通常情况下Piece, n. 块Slice, n. 片Separate, adv. 分离的Adjoining, adv. 连接的Chamber, n. 室Observe, v. 观察Markedly, adv. 明显地Luxury, adj. 奢侈的Preferable, adj. 更合心意的，Be reluctant to, 不愿意做（某事）Mere, adj. 只有Receive, v. 接受（被动）Accept, v. 接受（主动）Presence, n. 存在Induce, v. 引起Resentment, n. 愤恨= outrage Guide, v. 引导=directTourist guide 导游Director 导演Social, adj. 社会的Society, n. 社会Emotion, n. 情感Species, n. 种类Specific, adj. 形容词Specialist, n. 专家Specialty, n. 专长Stable, adj. 稳定的Cheat, v. 欺骗=lieRighteous, adj. 正义的Indignation愤怒=resentment=outrage Preserve, n. 保护区Abundantly, adv, 大量地Fairness, n. 公平Evolve, v. 进化Independently, 独立地Stem from 来源于Unanswered 未解答的。
考研英语(一)真题核心词汇
考研英语（一）真题核心词汇Part AText 1hire v.雇佣director n.主管announcement n.宣布；宣告appointment n.任命response n.反应；响应favorable a.支持的，赞成的sober-sided a.认真的comparatively adv.相比较而言advocate v.支持；拥护unpretentious a.谦逊的formidable a.极出色的conductor n.指挥orchestra n.管弦乐队shelf n.架子orchestral a. 管弦乐队的hitherto adv.至今；迄今faint a.微弱的praise n.赞扬impressive a.印象深刻的composition n.作品 a variety of 多种多样的boot up 启动devoted a.深爱的concert n.演唱会reply v.回复substitute n.代替品live a.现场的instrumentalist n.乐器演奏家opera n.歌剧dance troupe 舞蹈队available a.可用的；可得到的availability n.可用性consume v.消费institution n.习俗；建立program v.编曲note v.观察；注意到be capable of 能够markedly adv.显著地vibrant a.活跃的organization n.机构repertoire n.全部节目incur v.招致criticism n.批评raise v.引起suspicion n.怀疑acclaim n.欢呼arouse v.引起talented a.有才华的reject v.拒绝exaggerate v.夸大overestimate v.高估revitalize v.复兴be inferior to 比…差；低的的accessible a.可使用的masterpiece n.杰作enthusiastic a.热情的；热心的depart v.离开，离任president n.总裁straight up 直率的vague a.含糊的rather than 而非；而不是cloak v.隐藏，掩盖pursue v.追求board n.董事会broadcast v.宣布reflect on v.反思aspiration n.志向；抱负scrutinize v.仔细审查succession n.继任shareholder n.股东turbulent a.动荡的sign n.迹象cautious of 小心的，谨慎的pronouncement n.声明turnover n.变动cloud their reputation 使声誉蒙上阴影recovery n.经济复苏deputy chief 副手们stick with 继续支持；保持联系pick up 复苏abound for 大量存在unconventional a.标新立异的adhere to 坚持candidate n.候选人frank a.坦率的poached a.挖来的decade n.十年tiny a.小型的commodity n.货品institution n.机构recruiter n.招聘人员disgrace n.羞耻；丢脸fade v.淡化fundamentally adv.根本地invert v.颠覆arrogant a.傲慢的impulsive a.冲动的spur v.刺激strained a.紧张的approve of 批准，赞同cling to v.坚守out-dated a. 过时的rough a.粗放的，大概的media n.媒体commercial n.广告exploit v.利用print advertisement 平面广告alternative a.其他的，可替换的alert n.提醒register v.注册approach v.接近；接触initiator n.发起人；发动者retailer n.零售商define …as …把…定义为content n.内容infancy n.初期property n.财产complementary a.互补的objective a.客观的appeal n.吸引力dramatic a.戏剧化的voice v.发出声音visible a.可视的damaging a.有威力的hijack v.劫持asset n.资产campaign n.活动hostage n.人质negative a.负面的stakeholder n.投资人activist n.激进分子allegation n.陈述；指控boycott v.抵制originally adv.最初地sufficient a.足够的thoughtful a.考虑周全curve n.曲线steep a.陡峭alleviate v.减轻；缓和recall crisis 召回危机engage with 面对insightful a.见解独到的provocative a.富有煽动性的cover story 封面故事chatter n.议论纷纷；唠叨的话rear v.=raise v.养育；抚养fulfilling a.有成就感的life-enriching a.生活充实的misery n.痛苦miserable a.痛苦的redefine v.重新定义past-tense 过去时的dampen v.使沮丧source n.来源intense a.热烈的；强烈的gratification n.满足image n.印象newsstand n.杂志adoptive a.收养的pregnant a.怀孕的feature v.刻画celebrity n.明星persistently adv.一直地procreation n.生育equivalent a.相同的compare …to …与…相比folk n.父母parenthood n.父母身份unrealistic a.不现实的lean on 依靠dumb a.愚蠢的glamorous a.富有魅力的subconscious a.潜意识的temporary a.暂时的in retrospect 回顾permanent a.永久的gossip n.闲言闲语的聊天be exposed to 接触convey v.传递；表达soothing a.令人舒畅的ambiguous a.模凌两可的compensatory a.补偿的intensify v.加剧Section I Use of Englishphilosopher n.哲学家view…as…把…视为precious a.珍贵的claim v.声称function n.功能blood vessel 血管oxygen consumption 耗氧量jogging n.慢跑strain v.拉紧muscle n.肌肉apparently adv.明显地accomplish v.达到decrease v.降低muscle tone 肌张力die down 减弱；平息conceivable adv.可能partially adv.部分地psychological stress 心理压力classical a.经典的flow v.流动artificial a.做作的lip n.嘴唇enthusiastically adv.热情地contract v.收缩frown n.皱眉reflect v.反映；反思produce v.引起，产生stabilize v.稳定boost v.促进；提高impair v.削弱；损害transmit v.传递；传送sustain v.使保持measurable a.明显的average a.平均的aggravate v.恶化；加剧moderate v.缓和；减轻enhance v.增强；加强internal a.体内的；内心的due to 因为；由于as for 至于；关于exhaust v.耗尽；使筋疲力尽precede v.在…之前，先于suppress v.抑制；镇压indifferent a.漠不关心的cater to 迎合；投合mention v.提及；谈到consequently adv.因此conversely adv.相反地Part BText 1mindlessly adv.无意识的unconscious a.无意识的unaware a.无意识的auto-pilot n.自动导航routine n.常规；惯例track n.路线；痕迹unreflecting a.不思考的herd n.人群；兽群implication n.含意paradoxical a.自相矛盾的context n.环境；背景innovation n.创新dismiss v.拒绝考虑；否认inherently adv.内在地；固有地rut n.车辙deliberately adv.故意的；有意的bypass v.绕过，绕开fascination n.着迷；入迷capacity n.能力work through 解决approach v.对付；处理adolescence n.青春期preserve v.保留；保存highlight v.强调collaborative a.合作的；协作foster v.培育；促进casual a.偶然的；不经意的mechanical a.机械的formation n.构成series n.一系列characteristics n.特点comply with 遵守；复合derive from 来源于；源自activate v.使活跃；激活confirm v.确定shell out 支付paternity n.父亲的身份kit n.成套工具；用品purchase v.购买available a.可用的；可得到的prescription n.处方dozen n.十二range v.在…范围内kinship n.亲属关系track down 追踪，追查rage n.狂怒；盛怒genealogist n.家谱学家geographic a.地理学的swab v.用药签擦洗salvia n.唾液skeptical a.怀疑的precision n.准确性hawk v.叫卖；兜售ancestry n.世系ancestor n.祖先lineage n.血统inherit v.继承；遗传systematically adv.有系统地lump sth together 把…混到一块region n.区域be subject to 可能受…影响的process v.加工；处理flexibility n.弹性；灵活性identify v.确定disorganized a.杂乱无章的overlap v.重叠comparison n.相比；比较alike adv.同样的progress n.进步undoubtedly adv.毫无置疑地priority n.当务之急institution n.所；院consistently adv.一贯地；始终如一地peak n.顶峰radically adv.根本地；彻底地productivity n.生产力；生产效率deride v.嘲笑；讽刺ironically adv.具有讽刺意味地recession n.衰退；萧条bubble n.气泡；泡沫automotive-assembly adj.汽车装配的counter-part n.作用相当的事物illiterate a.不识字的；文盲的complexity n.复杂性humanity n.人类trap n.困境constrain v.限制；束缚substantially adv.大量地；客观地bias n.偏见foreseeable a.可预知的；能预测的groundless a.无根据的victim n.受害者；牺牲品downgrade v.低估overestimate v.高估disciplined a.遵守纪律的quote v.引用emerge v.出现；兴起thoroughly adv.彻底地；详尽地intellectual n.知识分子minister n.牧师philosophy n.哲学colonial a.殖民地的attach importance to 重视pursuits n.花时间，精力等做的事preoccupation n.关注，关心unfolding a.发展的；展现的dominant a.主要的；主导的theological a. 神学的distinctive a.独特的，特别的carrier n.传播者adjust to 适应scene n.场面，场景episode n.事件，一连串事件civility n.文明；开化virtuosity n.精湛技巧；高超技艺settler n.定居者impressive a.使人印象深刻的learned a.博学的，有学问的atmosphere n.气氛；氛围earnestness n.认真；真挚let alone 更不用说literary a.文学的intellectualize v.使知识化superstitious a.迷信的emigrate v.移居国外account n.描述；叙述confusion n.困惑frustration n.懊悔；挫折sermon n.布道；讲道commitment n.义务；责任mock v.嘲笑；嘲弄end n.目的；目标liberal a.自由开放的；开明的obsess v.使痴迷；使迷恋motivate v.使有动力；激起illusory a.虚假的；幻觉的prospect n.前景；展望Section I Use of Englishbulb n.灯泡upkeep n.保养；维修fuel n.燃料instinct n.本能species n.物种adaptive a.适应的wistful a.伤感的；惆怅的glance n.一瞥implicitly adv.含蓄地faithfulness n.忠诚inconclusive a.非决定性的threaten v.威胁stable a.稳定的dim a.暗淡的tendency n.趋势inclination n.倾向；意愿insist on 坚持认为spontaneous a.自发的inevitable a.不可避免的indefinite a.不确定的influence n.&v.影响perform v.履行；执行；实施apply v.应用；适用moderate v.缓和fundamental a.基本的；根本的comprehensive a.综合的；全面的equivalent a.相等的hostile a.敌对的intelligence n.智力Part CText 1quarter-century n.25年far-reaching n.影响深远inexorable a. 无情的；冷酷的decline n.下降；减少scope n.范围coverage n.报道criticism n.评论considerable a.大量consist v.包含review n.评论marvel v.感到惊讶learned a.学术的content n.内容deem v.认为suitable a.适合的circulation n.循环remove v.移除；远离newsprint n.新闻用纸stylish a.时髦的ornament v.& n.装饰take sth for granted 认为理所当然event n.事件journalism n.新闻写作calling n.职业literary a.文学的tempt v.勾引；诱惑contempt n.轻蔑contemptible a.可鄙视的apply v.应用virtually adv.事实上solely adv.完全essay n.散文；杂文cricket n.板球foremost a.最重要的knight n.& v.骑士;封爵critic n. 批评家vast a.巨大的save prep.除…之外revival n.复兴；振兴prospect n.前景remote a.遥远的postmodern a.后现代的upholster v. 装潢prose n.散文headlong a.ad.向前retreat v.& n.撤退theme n.主题casual a.随意的elaborate a.精心制作的layout n.布局radical a.激进的fulfill v.实现；履行be capable of 能够appeal to 吸引reputation n.名誉dispute n.质疑；分歧；纠纷cater to 迎合mournful a.悲伤的prominent a.著名的Text 2patent n.专利v.取得专利grant v.授予asset n.资产allocation n.配置technique n.技术scale back 缩减controversial a.引起争议的authorize v.授权；批准abuzz a.嗡嗡的eliminate v.消除；清除curb n.控制；约束dramatic a.戏剧化的approve v.批准；赞成pool v.集中使用explosion n.爆炸mutual-fund a.共有基金的initially adv.首先；起初emerge v.出现stake out 归为己有specific a.具体的，明确的transaction n.交易panel n.陪审团defensive a.防范的；防卫的rival n.对手；竞争者beat sb to the punch 抢的先机hedge v.设置树篱；减少issue v.签发；签署 a series of 一系列narrow v.使狭窄justice n.法官signal v.发信号uphold v.维护；维持attorney n.律师arouse v.引起restriction n.限制comply with 与…一致；遵守dismiss v.驳回hostility n.敌意dignity n.自尊immune a.免疫的esteem n.尊重incidence n.几率loom v.若隐若现prevail v.盛行；流行广生讲词★compelling词根*pel=push推前缀*com-表示共同，四面八方compel表示从各方向共同推进，‘强迫’之意。
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单词protocol /ˈprəʊtəkɒl / n. the accepted or establishedcode of procedure or behavior in any group,organization, or situation科学实验报告/计划；（外交条约）草案；协议...a computer protocol which could communicate across different languages.…一个可以在不同的语言之间传递信息的计算机协议。
...the Montreal Protocol to phase out use and production of CFCs.…逐步停止使用和生产含氯氟烃的《蒙特利尔议定书》。
kyoto protocol京都议定书network protocol网络协议compile /kəmˈpʌɪl / v. collect (information) inorder to produce a list or book 汇编; 汇集The book took 10 years to compile.这本书花了10年编写。
faculty/ˈfak(ə)lti / n. a group of universitydepartments concerned with a major divisionof knowledge 全体教职工The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.全体教员同意改变要求。
How can faculty improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity?全体教员怎样才能改进教学以便激发创造力？faculty member 教职工faculty and staff 教职员faculty and students 教师和学生albeit /ɔːlˈbiːɪt / conj. thoughCharles's letter was indeed published, albeit in a somewhat abbreviated form.查尔斯的信确实被刊登了出来，尽管有些删节。
Albeit fai, the girl was not sought after.那姑娘虽然漂亮，但不是被爱慕的女子。
scenario/sɪˈnɑːrɪəʊ/ n. a written outline of afilm, novel, or stage work giving details ofthe plot and individual scenes剧情概要，方案，分镜头剧本A fast disk encryption algorithm targeted at the specific application scenario of disk encryption is devised.针对硬盘加密的特定应用场景，设计并实现了快速硬盘加密算法。
Verification is the important part of simulation scenario system.校验是仿真想定系统组成中的重要部分。
oblivious /əˈblɪvɪəs / adj. not aware of orconcerned about what is happening aroundone注意的；健忘的；忘却的We are often oblivious to any flaws our partner might have.我们常常注意不到对方可能有的任何缺点。
She lay motionless where she was, oblivious to pain.她一动不动地躺在原地，感觉不到疼痛。
embroil /ɪmˈbrɔɪl / v. involve (someone) deeply inan argument, conflict, or difficult situation使混乱；使卷入（纠纷）Any hostilities could result in retaliation and further embroil U.N. troops in fighting.任何敌对活动都可能会招致报复，进而使联合国部队卷入战斗中。
meticulous /mɪˈtɪkjʊləs / adj. showing greatattention to detail; very careful and precise小心谨慎的；谨小慎微的He was so meticulous about everything.他对任何事情都很小心谨慎。
The flat had been meticulously cleaned.这间公寓被仔仔细细地打扫过了。
pilfer /‘pɪlfə/ If someone pilfers, they steal things,usually small cheap things. pick pocket偷；小偷小摸The staff were pilfering behind the bar.工作人员在吧台后面偷东西。
When food stores close, they go to work, pilfering food for resale on the black market.食品店关闭后，他们就开始工作，偷取食物到黑市上重新贩售。
fictitious /fɪkˈtɪʃəs / adj. not real or true; imaginary orfabricated虚构的；假想的；编造的；假装的The development of market economy to this day is in fact a process going to be fictitious.市场经济发展到今天,是一个不断走向虚拟化的过程。
We're interested in the source of these fictitious rumors.我们对这些子虚乌有的谣言的来源感兴趣。
The persons and events portrayed in this production are fictitious.这部作品描绘的那些人物和事件是虚构的。
practitioner /prakˈtɪʃ(ə)nə/ n. a person activelyengaged in an art, discipline, or profession, especially medicine开业者，执业者，从业者，执业医生You can do this by selecting only roles that interest you, as a practitioner.作为一名从业者，您可以通过只选择那些您感兴趣的角色来进行操作。
The only item that is constant in all of those is the transformed practitioner.所有这些变化中唯一不变的就是转化的从业者。
sanction /ˈsaŋkʃən / n. a threatened penaltyfor disobeying a law or rule; Official permission orapproval for an action制裁，处罚；认可；支持Arms embargo is a kind of sanction among countries.武器禁运是国家间的一种制裁方式。
It’s rare for the non-punishment sanction to be applied in the judicial practice.非刑罚处罚措施在实践中极少被适用。
infringement /ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt / n. the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation侵犯；违反Chapter three:Special infringement acts of new medium.第三章：新媒体中特殊侵权的主要表现形式。
...infringement of privacy.…对隐私的侵犯。
There might have been an infringement of the rules.也许有违反规章制度的情况。
adjudicate /əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt / v. make a formal judgment on a disputed matter裁定；宣判The international court of justice might be a suitable place to adjudicate claims.国际法庭也许是裁定索赔案的合适之地。
delineate /dɪˈlɪnɪeɪt / v. describe or portray (something) precisely描绘；描写；画…的轮廓Biography must to some extent delineate characters.在某种程度上，传记一定要描述人物。
For centuries we have used maps to delineate borders that have been defined by politics.几个世纪以来，我们一直用地图描绘已经由政治划定的疆界。
incorporate /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt / v. take in or contain (something) as part of a whole; include包含，合并；体现The new cars will incorporate a number of major improvements.这种新型汽车将包含许多重大的改进。
The agreement would allow the rebels to be incorporated into a new national police force.该协议将允许叛军并入一支新的国家警察部队。
incorporate with合并；混合envision /ɪnˈvɪʒən/ vision / image想象;预见;展望In the future we envision a federation of companies.我们设想将来会有公司联盟。