abaqus子结构帮助文档

ABAQUS

操作篇1、界面数据显示框过小，数据无法看清怎么办？解决办法：1）进入主菜单viewpoint选择Viewpoint Annotation Options 2)效果比较：说明：主菜单中Viewpoint选项中还可以修改显示界面的形式，在模型上添加注释（Annotation），修改数据显示框的位置、大小、形式等等。

2、如何查看节点或单元在模型中的位置？解决办法：1）在主菜单View栏下选中Toolbars，进而选中coustomize编辑框，选中“Group Display”则在主界面生成Group Display快捷操作框。

2）点击”create group display”进入对话框，可以查找相应编号的节点或单元在模型中的具体位置3、分析结果中，显示的位移过大或者过小应该如何调整？解决方法：在界面左边快捷栏点击“common options”4、梁截面定义** Section: Section-1-ADSET3 Profile: Profile-1*Beam Section, elset=ADSET3, material=MATERIAL-2,temperature=GRADIENTS, section=L0.12275, 0.12275, 0.007944, 0.007944 （a,b,t1,t2）-0.883444,-0.468537,0.5、定义表面时“SNEG”“SPOS”表达的含义？*Surface, type=ELEMENT, name=SURF-1_SURF-1_SNEG, SNEG*Surface, type=ELEMENT, name=SURF-1_SURF-1_SPOS_1, SPOS（SNEG/ SPOS的作用是什么？）解答：Refers to the sides of the elements in the surface.用来指定选择的接触面。

EG:6、RigidBody约束和刚体部件的差别在于：刚体部件同部件相关联，RigidBody约束同组装实体中的区域相关联。

ABAQUS使用手册（中文版）

ABAQUS使用手册（中文版）ABAQUS入门使用手册ABAQUS简介：ABAQUS是一套先进的通用有限元程序系统，这套软件的目的是对固体和结构的力学问题进行数值计算分析，而我们将其用于材料的计算机模拟及其前后处理，主要得益于ABAQUS给我们的ABAQUS/Standard及ABAQUS/Explicit通用分析模块。

ABAQUS有众多的分析模块，我们使用的模块主要是ABAQUS/CAE及Viewer,前者用于建模及相应的前处理，后者用于对结果进行分析及处理。

下面将对这两个模块的使用结合本人的体会做一些具体的说明：一．ABAQUS/CAECAE模块用于分析对象的建模，特性及约束条件的给定，网格的划分以及数据传输等等，其核心由七个步骤组成，下面将对这七个步骤作出说明：1.PART步（1）Part→CreatModeling Space:①3D代表三维②2D代表二维③Aaxisymmetric代表轴对称，这三个选项的选定要视所模拟对象的结构而定。

Type: ①Deformable为一般选项，适合于绝大多数的模拟对象。

②Discrete rigid 和Analytical rigid用于多个物体组合时，与我们所研究的对象相关的物体上。

ABAQUS假设这些与所研究的对象相关的物体均为刚体，对于其中较简单的刚体，如球体而言，选择前者即可。

若刚体形状较复杂，或者不是规则的几何图形，那么就选择后者。

需要说明的是，由于后者所建立的模型是离散的，所以只能是近似的，不可能和实际物体一样，因此误差较大。

Shape中有四个选项，其排列规则是按照维数而定的，可以根据我们的模拟对象确定。

Type: ①Extrusion用于建立一般情况的三维模型②Revolution建立旋转体模型③Sweep用于建立形状任意的模型。

Approximate size:在此栏中设定作图区的大致尺寸，其单位与我们选定的单位一致。

设置完毕，点击Continue进入作图区。

abaqus帮助文档翻译 2.1.11 一摞积木在通用接触下的倒塌分析

2.1.11 Collapse of a stack of blocks with general contactProduct: Abaqus/ExplicitThis example illustrates the use of the general contact capability in a simulation involving a large number of contacting bodies. The general contact algorithm allows very simple definitions of contact with very few restrictions on the types of surfaces involved (see “Defining general contact interactions in Abaqus/Explicit,” Section 35.4.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual).Problem descriptionThe model simulates the collapse of a stack of blocks. The undeformed configuration of the model is shown in Figure 2.1.11–1. There are 35 blocks, and each block is 12.7 × 12.7 × 76.2 mm (0.5 × 0.5 × 3 inches) in size. The blocks are stacked on a rigid floor. The stack is subjected to gravity loading. It is assumed that a key block near the bottom of the stack has been removed just before the start of the analysis, initiating the collapse.Each block is modeled with a single C3D8R element. The use of a coarse mesh highlights the edge-to-edge contact capability of the general contact algorithm, because the majority of the block-to-block interactions do not result in penetrations of nodes into faces.Two different cases are analyzed. In the first analysis the blocks are rigid. In the second analysis the blocks are deformable. In the latter case, the material of the block is assumed to be linear elastic with a Young's modulus of 12.135 GPa (1.76 × 106 Psi), a Poisson's ratio of 0.3, and a density of 577.098 kg/m3 (5.4 × 10–5 lb s2/in4). Only the density is relevant for the analysis assuming rigid blocks. In addition, ENHANCED hourglass control is used for the deformable analysis. The rigid floor is modeled as a discrete rigid surface using a single R3D4 element.This model involves a large number of contacting bodies. The general contact capability greatly simplifies the contact definition, since each of the 595 possible block-to-block pairings does not need to be specified individually. The general contact inclusions option to automatically define an all-inclusive surface is used and is the simplest way to define contact in the model. Coulomb friction with a friction coefficient of 0.15 is assumed between the individual blocks and between the blocks and floor. The general contact property assignment is used to assign this nondefault contact property.By default, the general contact algorithm in Abaqus/Explicit accounts foredge-to-edge contact of perimeter edges on structural elements. Geometric featureedges of a model can also be considered for edge-to-edge contact by the general contact algorithm; including the geometric feature edges is crucial in this analysis. A cutoff feature angle of 20° is specified for the feature angle criterion of the surface property to indicate that all edges with feature angles greater than 20° should be considered for edge-to-edge contact. The feature angle is the angle formed between the normals of the two facets connected to an edge.The magnitude of the gravity loading is increased by a factor of 10 to facilitate demonstration of the edge-to-edge contact capability with a short analysis time. The analysis is performed for a period of 0.15 seconds. For the analysis with rigid blocks there is no deformable element available in the model to control the stable time increment. A fixed time increment of 1 × 10–6 seconds is specified for this purpose, which is similar to the time increment used by the analysis with deformable blocks. The time increment chosen for the analysis with rigid blocks will affect the penalty stiffness used by the contact algorithm since the penalty stiffness is inversely proportional to the time increment squared.Results and discussionResults are shown for the rigid body case. Results for the deformable case are very similar to the rigid model results.Figure 2.1.11–2 shows the displaced shape of the block assembly after 0.0375 seconds. The stack of blocks has started to collapse under gravity loading. Figure2.1.11–3 shows a close-up view of the collapsing blocks after 0.1125 seconds. This figure clearly shows that the geometric feature edges of individual blocks contact each other during collapse. Figure 2.1.11–4 shows the final configuration of the blocks. The stack has collapsed completely on the rigid surface.Input filesblocks_rigid_gcont.inpInput file for the rigid body analysis.blocks_rigid_assembly.inpExternal file referenced by the rigid body analysis.blocks_deform_gcont.inpInput file for the deformable analysis.blocks_deform_assembly.inpExternal file referenced by the deformable analysis.FiguresFigure 2.1.11–1 Initial configuration of the stack of blocks.Figure 2.1.11–2 Displaced shape after 0.0375 s.Figure 2.1.11–3 Close-up view of the collapsing blocks after 0.1125 s.Figure 2.1.11–4 Final configuration of the model.2.1.11 一摞积木在通用接触下的倒塌分析Product：Abaqus/Explicit这个例子说明通用接触的使用在涉及大量接触物体倒塌的模拟中应用。

Abaqus User Subroutines Reference Guide 用户材料子程序帮助文档

1.1.41 UMATUser subroutine to define a material's mechanical behavior.Product: Abaqus/StandardWarning: The use of this subroutine generally requires considerable expertise. Y ou arecautioned that the implementation of any realistic constitutive model requires extensivedevelopment and testing. Initial testing on a single-element model with prescribedtraction loading is strongly recommended.References“User-defined mechanical material behavior,” Section 26.7.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide“User-defined thermal material behavior,” Section 26.7.2 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide*USER MA TERIAL“S D V I N I,” Section 4.1.11 of the Abaqus V erification Guide“U M A T and U H Y P E R,” Section 4.1.21 of the Abaqus V erification GuideOv erv iewUser subroutine U M A T:can be used to define the mechanical constitutive behavior of a material;will be called at all material calculation points of elements for which the material definition includes auser-defined material behavior;can be used with any procedure that includes mechanical behavior;can use solution-dependent state variables;must update the stresses and solution-dependent state variables to their values at the end of theincrement for which it is called;must provide the material Jacobian matrix, , for the mechanical constitutive model;can be used in conjunction with user subroutine U S D F L D to redefine any field variables before they are passed in; andis described further in “User-defined mechanical material behavior,” Section 26.7.1 of the AbaqusAnalysis User's Guide.Storage of stress and strain componentsIn the stress and strain arrays and in the matrices D D S D D E, D D S D D T, and D R P L D E, direct components are stored first, followed by shear components. There are N D I direct and N S H R engineering shear components. The order of the components is defined in “Conventions,” Section 1.2.2 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide. Since the number of active stress and strain components varies between element types, the routine must be coded toprovide for all element types with which it will be used.Defining local orientationsIf a local orientation (“Orientations,” Section 2.2.5 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide) is used at the same point as user subroutine U M A T, the stress and strain components will be in the local orientation; and, in the case of finite-strain analysis, the basis system in which stress and strain components are stored rotates with the material.StabilityY ou should ensure that the integration scheme coded in this routine is stable—no direct provision is made to include a stability limit in the time stepping scheme based on the calculations in U M A T.Convergence rateD D S D DE and—for coupled temperature-displacement and coupled thermal-electrical-structural analyses—D D S D D T, D R P L D E, and D R P L D T must be defined accurately if rapid convergence of the overall Newton scheme is to be achieved. In most cases the accuracy of this definition is the most important factor governing the convergence rate. Since nonsymmetric equation solution is as much as four times as expensive as the corresponding symmetric system, if the constitutive Jacobian (D D S D D E) is only slightly nonsymmetric (for example, a frictional material with a small friction angle), it may be less expensive computationally to use a symmetric approximation and accept a slower convergence rate.An incorrect definition of the material Jacobian affects only the convergence rate; the results (if obtained) are unaffected.Special considerations for various element typesThere are several special considerations that need to be noted.A v ailability of deformation gradientThe deformation gradient is available for solid (continuum) elements, membranes, and finite-strain shells(S3/S3R, S4, S4R, SAXs, and SAXAs). It is not available for beams or small-strain shells. It is stored as a 3× 3 matrix with component equivalence D F G R D0(I,J). For fully integrated first-order isoparametric elements (4-node quadrilaterals in two dimensions and 8-node hexahedra in three dimensions) the selectively reduced integration technique is used (also known as the technique). Thus, a modified deformation gradientis passed into user subroutine U M A T. For more details, see “Solid isoparametric quadrilaterals and hexahedra,”Section 3.2.4 of the Abaqus Theory Guide.Beams and shells that calculate transv erse shear energyIf user subroutine U M A T is used to describe the material of beams or shells that calculate transverse shear energy, you must specify the transverse shear stiffness as part of the beam or shell section definition to define the transverse shear behavior. See “Shell section behavior,” Section 29.6.4 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide, and “Choosing a beam element,” Section 29.3.3 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide, for informationon specifying this stiffness.Open-section beam elementsWhen user subroutine U M A T is used to describe the material response of beams with open sections (for example, an I-section), the torsional stiffness is obtained aswhere J is the torsional constant, A is the section area, k is a shear factor, and is the user-specified transverse shear stiffness (see “Transverse shear stiffness definition” in “Choosing a beam element,” Section29.3.3 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide).E lements w ith hourglassing modesIf this capability is used to describe the material of elements with hourglassing modes, you must define the hourglass stiffness factor for hourglass control based on the total stiffness approach as part of the element section definition. The hourglass stiffness factor is not required for enhanced hourglass control, but you can define a scaling factor for the stiffness associated with the drill degree of freedom (rotation about the surface normal). See “Section controls,” Section 27.1.4 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide, for information on specifying the stiffness factor.Pipe-soil interaction elementsThe constitutive behavior of the pipe-soil interaction elements (see “Pipe-soil interaction elements,” Section 32.12.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide) is defined by the force per unit length caused by relative displacement between two edges of the element. The relative-displacements are available as “strains” (S T R A N and D S T R A N). The corresponding forces per unit length must be defined in the S T R E S S array. The Jacobian matrix defines the variation of force per unit length with respect to relative displacement.For two-dimensional elements two in-plane components of “stress” and “strain” exist (N T E N S=N D I=2, andN S H R=0). For three-dimensional elements three components of “stress” and “strain” exist (N T E N S=N D I=3, and N S H R=0).Large volume changes with geometric nonlinearityIf the material model allows large volume changes and geometric nonlinearity is considered, the exact definition of the consistent Jacobian should be used to ensure rapid convergence. These conditions are most commonly encountered when considering either large elastic strains or pressure-dependent plasticity. In the former case, total-form constitutive equations relating the Cauchy stress to the deformation gradient are commonly used; in the latter case, rate-form constitutive laws are generally used.For total-form constitutive laws, the exact consistent Jacobian is defined through the variation in Kirchhoff stress:Here, J is the determinant of the deformation gradient, is the Cauchy stress, is the virtual rate of deformation, and is the virtual spin tensor, defined asFor rate-form constitutive laws, the exact consistent Jacobian is given byUse with incompressible elastic materialsFor user-defined incompressible elastic materials, user subroutine U H Y P E R should be used rather than user subroutine U M A T. In U M A T incompressible materials must be modeled via a penalty method; that is, you must ensure that a finite bulk modulus is used. The bulk modulus should be large enough to model incompressibility sufficiently but small enough to avoid loss of precision. As a general guideline, the bulk modulus should be about – times the shear modulus. The tangent bulk modulus can be calculated fromIf a hybrid element is used with user subroutine U M A T, Abaqus/Standard will replace the pressure stress calculated from your definition of S T R E S S with that derived from the Lagrange multiplier and will modify the Jacobian appropriately.For incompressible pressure-sensitive materials the element choice is particularly important when using user subroutine U M A T. In particular, first-order wedge elements should be avoided. For these elements the technique is not used to alter the deformation gradient that is passed into user subroutine U M A T, which increases the risk of volumetric locking.Increments for which only the Jacobian can be definedAbaqus/Standard passes zero strain increments into user subroutine U M A T to start the first increment of all the steps and all increments of steps for which you have suppressed extrapolation (see “Defining an analysis,”Section 6.1.2 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide). In this case you can define only the Jacobian (D D S D D E).Utility routinesSeveral utility routines may help in coding user subroutine U M A T. Their functions include determining stress invariants for a stress tensor and calculating principal values and directions for stress or strain tensors. These utility routines are discussed in detail in “Obtaining stress invariants, principal stress/strain values and directions, and rotating tensors in an Abaqus/Standard analysis,” Section 2.1.11.U ser subroutine interfaceS U B R O U T I N E U M A T(S T R E S S,S T A T E V,D D S D D E,S S E,S P D,S C D,1R P L,D D S D D T,D R P L D E,D R P L D T,2S T R A N,D S T R A N,T I M E,D T I M E,T E M P,D T E M P,P R E D E F,D P R E D,C M N A M E,3N D I,N S H R,N T E N S,N S T A T V,P R O P S,N P R O P S,C O O R D S,D R O T,P N E W D T,4C E L E N T,D F G R D0,D F G R D1,N O E L,N P T,L A Y E R,K S P T,K S T E P,K I N C)CI N C L U D E'A B A_P A R A M.I N C'C H A R A C T E R*80C M N A M ED I ME N S I O N S T R E S S(N T E N S),S T A T E V(N S T A T V),1D D S D D E(N T E N S,N T E N S),D D S D D T(N T E N S),D R P L D E(N T E N S),2S T R A N(N T E N S),D S T R A N(N T E N S),T I M E(2),P R E D E F(1),D P R E D(1),3P R O P S(N P R O P S),C O O R D S(3),D R O T(3,3),D F G R D0(3,3),D F G R D1(3,3)user coding to define D D S D D E,S T R E S S,S T A T E V,S S E,S P D,S C Dand, if necessary,R P L,D D S D D T,D R P L D E,D R P L D T,P N E W D TR E T U R NE N DV ariables to be definedIn all situationsD D S D D E(N TE N S,N T E N S)Jacobian matrix of the constitutive model, , where are the stress increments and are the strain increments. D D S D D E(I,J) defines the change in the I th stress component at the end of the time increment caused by an infinitesimal perturbation of the J th component of the strain increment array.Unless you invoke the unsymmetric equation solution capability for the user-defined material,Abaqus/Standard will use only the symmetric part of D D S D D E. The symmetric part of the matrix iscalculated by taking one half the sum of the matrix and its transpose.S T R E S S(N T E N S)This array is passed in as the stress tensor at the beginning of the increment and must be updated in this routine to be the stress tensor at the end of the increment. If you specified initial stresses (“Initial conditions in Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit,” Section 34.2.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide), this array will contain the initial stresses at the start of the analysis. The size of this array depends on the value of N T E N S as defined below. In finite-strain problems the stress tensor has already been rotated to account for rigid body motion in the increment before U M A T is called, so that only the corotational part of the stress integration should be done in U M A T. The measure of stress used is “true” (Cauchy) stress.S T A T E V(N S T A T V)An array containing the solution-dependent state variables. These are passed in as the values at thebeginning of the increment unless they are updated in user subroutines U S D F L D or U E X P A N, in which case the updated values are passed in. In all cases S T A T E V must be returned as the values at the end of the increment. The size of the array is defined as described in “Allocating space” in “User subroutines:overview,” Section 18.1.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide.In finite-strain problems any vector-valued or tensor-valued state variables must be rotated to account for rigid body motion of the material, in addition to any update in the values associated with constitutivebehavior. The rotation increment matrix, D R O T, is provided for this purpose.S S E,S P D,S C DSpecific elastic strain energy, plastic dissipation, and “creep” dissipation, respectively. These are passed in as the values at the start of the increment and should be updated to the corresponding specific energy values at the end of the increment. They have no effect on the solution, except that they are used forenergy output.Only in a fully coupled thermal-stress or a coupled thermal-electrical-structural analysisR P LV olumetric heat generation per unit time at the end of the increment caused by mechanical working of the material.D D S D D T(N TE N S)V ariation of the stress increments with respect to the temperature.D R P L D E(N TE N S)V ariation of R P L with respect to the strain increments.D R P L D TV ariation of R P L with respect to the temperature.Only in a geostatic stress procedure or a coupled pore fluid diffusion/stress analysis for pore pressure cohesive elementsR P LR P L is used to indicate whether or not a cohesive element is open to the tangential flow of pore fluid. Set R P L equal to 0 if there is no tangential flow; otherwise, assign a nonzero value to R P L if an element is open.Once opened, a cohesive element will remain open to the fluid flow.V ariable that can be updatedP N E W D TRatio of suggested new time increment to the time increment being used (D T I M E, see discussion later in this section). This variable allows you to provide input to the automatic time incrementation algorithms in Abaqus/Standard (if automatic time incrementation is chosen). For a quasi-static procedure the automatic time stepping that Abaqus/Standard uses, which is based on techniques for integrating standard creep laws (see “Quasi-static analysis,” Section 6.2.5 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide), cannot becontrolled from within the U M A T subroutine.P N E W D T is set to a large value before each call to U M A T.If P N E W D T is redefined to be less than 1.0, Abaqus/Standard must abandon the time increment andattempt it again with a smaller time increment. The suggested new time increment provided to theautomatic time integration algorithms is P N E W D T × D T I M E, where the P N E W D T used is the minimum value for all calls to user subroutines that allow redefinition of P N E W D T for this iteration.If P N E W D T is given a value that is greater than 1.0 for all calls to user subroutines for this iteration and the increment converges in this iteration, Abaqus/Standard may increase the time increment. The suggestednew time increment provided to the automatic time integration algorithms is P N E W D T × D T I M E, where the P N E W D T used is the minimum value for all calls to user subroutines for this iteration.If automatic time incrementation is not selected in the analysis procedure, values of P N E W D T that aregreater than 1.0 will be ignored and values of P N E W D T that are less than 1.0 will cause the job to terminate. V ariables passed in for informationS T R A N(N T E N S)An array containing the total strains at the beginning of the increment. If thermal expansion is included in the same material definition, the strains passed into U M A T are the mechanical strains only (that is, thethermal strains computed based upon the thermal expansion coefficient have been subtracted from the total strains). These strains are available for output as the “elastic” strains.In finite-strain problems the strain components have been rotated to account for rigid body motion in the increment before U M A T is called and are approximations to logarithmic strain.D S T R A N(N TE N S)Array of strain increments. If thermal expansion is included in the same material definition, these are the mechanical strain increments (the total strain increments minus the thermal strain increments).T I M E(1)V alue of step time at the beginning of the current increment or frequency.T I M E(2)V alue of total time at the beginning of the current increment.D T I M ETime increment.T E M PTemperature at the start of the increment.D TE M PIncrement of temperature.P R E D E FArray of interpolated values of predefined field variables at this point at the start of the increment, based on the values read in at the nodes.D P RE DArray of increments of predefined field variables.C M N A M EUser-defined material name, left justified. Some internal material models are given names starting with the “ABQ_” character string. To avoid conflict, you should not use “ABQ_” as the leading string for C M N A M E. N D INumber of direct stress components at this point.N S H RNumber of engineering shear stress components at this point.N T E N SSize of the stress or strain component array (N D I + N S H R).N S T A T VNumber of solution-dependent state variables that are associated with this material type (defined asdescribed in “Allocating space” in “User subroutines: overview,” Section 18.1.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide).P R O P S(N P R O P S)User-specified array of material constants associated with this user material.N P R O P SUser-defined number of material constants associated with this user material.C O O RD SAn array containing the coordinates of this point. These are the current coordinates if geometricnonlinearity is accounted for during the step (see “Defining an analysis,” Section 6.1.2 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Guide); otherwise, the array contains the original coordinates of the point.D R O T(3,3)Rotation increment matrix. This matrix represents the increment of rigid body rotation of the basis system in which the components of stress (S T R E S S) and strain (S T R A N) are stored. It is provided so that vector-or tensor-valued state variables can be rotated appropriately in this subroutine: stress and straincomponents are already rotated by this amount before U M A T is called. This matrix is passed in as a unit matrix for small-displacement analysis and for large-displacement analysis if the basis system for thematerial point rotates with the material (as in a shell element or when a local orientation is used).C E L E N TCharacteristic element length, which is a typical length of a line across an element for a first-order element;it is half of the same typical length for a second-order element. For beams and trusses it is a characteristic length along the element axis. For membranes and shells it is a characteristic length in the referencesurface. For axisymmetric elements it is a characteristic length in the plane only. For cohesiveelements it is equal to the constitutive thickness.D F G R D0(3,3)Array containing the deformation gradient at the beginning of the increment. If a local orientation is defined at the material point, the deformation gradient components are expressed in the local coordinate system defined by the orientation at the beginning of the increment. For a discussion regarding the availability of the deformation gradient for various element types, see “Availability of deformation gradient.”D F G R D1(3,3)Array containing the deformation gradient at the end of the increment. If a local orientation is defined at the material point, the deformation gradient components are expressed in the local coordinate system defined by the orientation. This array is set to the identity matrix if nonlinear geometric effects are not included in the step definition associated with this increment. For a discussion regarding the availability of thedeformation gradient for various element types, see “Availability of deformation gradient.”N O E LElement number.N P TIntegration point number.L A Y E RLayer number (for composite shells and layered solids).K S P TSection point number within the current layer.K S T E PStep number.K I N CIncrement number.Example: Using more than one user-defined mechanical material modelTo use more than one user-defined mechanical material model, the variable C M N A M E can be tested for different material names inside user subroutine U M A T as illustrated below:I F(C M N A M E(1:4).E Q.'M A T1')T H E NC A L L U M A T_M A T1(argument_list)E L S E I F(C M N A M E(1:4).E Q.'M A T2')T H E NC A L L U M A T_M A T2(argument_list)E N D I FU M A T_M A T1 and U M A T_M A T2 are the actual user material subroutines containing the constitutive material models for each material M A T1 and M A T2, respectively. Subroutine U M A T merely acts as a directory here. The argument list may be the same as that used in subroutine U M A T.Example: Simple linear viscoelastic materialAs a simple example of the coding of user subroutine U M A T, consider the linear, viscoelastic model shown in Figure 1.1.41–1. Although this is not a very useful model for real materials, it serves to illustrate how to code the routine.Figure 1.1.41–1 Simple linear viscoelastic model.The behavior of the one-dimensional model shown in the figure iswhere and are the time rates of change of stress and strain. This can be generalized for small straining of an isotropic solid asandwhereand , , , , and are material constants ( and are the Lamé constants).A simple, stable integration operator for this equation is the central difference operator:where f is some function, is its value at the beginning of the increment, is the change in the function over the increment, and is the time increment.Applying this to the rate constitutive equations above givesandso that the Jacobian matrix has the termsandThe total change in specific energy in an increment for this material iswhile the change in specific elastic strain energy iswhere D is the elasticity matrix:No state variables are needed for this material, so the allocation of space for them is not necessary. In a morerealistic case a set of parallel models of this type might be used, and the stress components in each model might be stored as state variables.For our simple case a user material definition can be used to read in the five constants in the order , , , , and so thatThe routine can then be coded as follows:S U B R O U T I N E U M A T(S T R E S S,S T A T E V,D D S D D E,S S E,S P D,S C D,1R P L,D D S D D T,D R P L D E,D R P L D T,2S T R A N,D S T R A N,T I M E,D T I M E,T E M P,D T E M P,P R E D E F,D P R E D,C M N A M E,3N D I,N S H R,N T E N S,N S T A T V,P R O P S,N P R O P S,C O O R D S,D R O T,P N E W D T,4C E L E N T,D F G R D0,D F G R D1,N O E L,N P T,L A Y E R,K S P T,K S T E P,K I N C)CI N C L U D E'A B A_P A R A M.I N C'CC H A R A C T E R*80C M N A M ED I ME N S I O N S T R E S S(N T E N S),S T A T E V(N S T A T V),1D D S D D E(N T E N S,N T E N S),2D D S D D T(N T E N S),D R P L D E(N T E N S),3S T R A N(N T E N S),D S T R A N(N T E N S),T I M E(2),P R E D E F(1),D P R E D(1),4P R O P S(N P R O P S),C O O R D S(3),D R O T(3,3),D F G R D0(3,3),D F G R D1(3,3)D I ME N S I O N D S T R E S(6),D(3,3)CC E V A L U A T E N E W S T R E S S T E N S O RCE V=0.D E V=0.D O K1=1,N D IE V=E V+S T R A N(K1)D E V=D E V+D S T R A N(K1)E N D D OCT E R M1=.5*D T I M E+P R O P S(5)T E R M1I=1./T E R M1T E R M2=(.5*D T I M E*P R O P S(1)+P R O P S(3))*T E R M1I*D E VT E R M3=(D T I M E*P R O P S(2)+2.*P R O P S(4))*T E R M1ICD O K1=1,N D ID S T RE S(K1)=T E R M2+T E R M3*D S T R A N(K1)1+D T I M E*T E R M1I*(P R O P S(1)*E V2+2.*P R O P S(2)*S T R A N(K1)-S T R E S S(K1))S T R E S S(K1)=S T R E S S(K1)+D S T R E S(K1)E N D D OCT E R M2=(.5*D T I M E*P R O P S(2)+P R O P S(4))*T E R M1II1=N D ID O K1=1,N S H RI1=I1+1D S T RE S(I1)=T E R M2*D S T R A N(I1)+1D T I M E*T E R M1I*(P R O P S(2)*S T R A N(I1)-S T R E S S(I1)) S T R E S S(I1)=S T R E S S(I1)+D S T R E S(I1)E N D D OCC C R E A T E N E W J A C O B I A NCT E R M2=(D T I M E*(.5*P R O P S(1)+P R O P S(2))+P R O P S(3)+12.*P R O P S(4))*T E R M1IT E R M3=(.5*D T I M E*P R O P S(1)+P R O P S(3))*T E R M1ID O K1=1,N TE N SD O K2=1,N TE N SD D S D D E(K2,K1)=0.E N D D OE N D D OCD O K1=1,N D ID D S D D E(K1,K1)=TE R M2E N D D OCD O K1=2,N D IN2=K1–1D O K2=1,N2D D S D D E(K2,K1)=TE R M3D D S D D E(K1,K2)=TE R M3E N D D OE N D D OT E R M2=(.5*D T I M E*P R O P S(2)+P R O P S(4))*T E R M1II1=N D ID O K1=1,N S H RI1=I1+1D D S D D E(I1,I1)=TE R M2E N D D OCC T O T A L C H A N G E I N S P E C I F I C E N E R G YCT D E=0.D O K1=1,N TE N ST D E=T D E+(S T R E S S(K1)-.5*D S T R E S(K1))*D S T R A N(K1)E N D D OCC C H A N G E I N S P E C I F I C E L A S T I C S T R A I N E N E R G YCT E R M1=P R O P S(1)+2.*P R O P S(2)D O K1=1,N D ID(K1,K1)=T E R M1E N D D OD O K1=2,N D IN2=K1-1D O K2=1,N2D(K1,K2)=P R O P S(1)D(K2,K1)=P R O P S(1)E N D D OE N D D OD E E=0.D O K1=1,N D IT E R M1=0.T E R M2=0.D O K2=1,N D IT E R M1=T E R M1+D(K1,K2)*S T R A N(K2)T E R M2=T E R M2+D(K1,K2)*D S T R A N(K2)E N D D OD E E=D E E+(T E R M1+.5*T E R M2)*D S T R A N(K1)E N D D OI1=N D ID O K1=1,N S H RI1=I1+1D E E=D E E+P R O P S(2)*(S T R A N(I1)+.5*D S T R A N(I1))*D S T R A N(I1)E N D D OS S E=S S E+D E ES C D=S C D+T D E– D E ER E T U R NE N D。

abaqus帮助文档_friction

Specifying frictional behavior for mechanical contact property options You can specify a friction model that defines the force resisting the relative tangential motion of the surfaces in a mechanical contact analysis. For more information, see �Frictional behavior,�Section 35.1.5 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.To specify frictional behavior:1. From the main menu bar, select Interaction Property Create.2. In the Create Interaction Property dialog box that appears, do thefollowing:∙Name the interaction property. For more information aboutnaming objects, see �Using basic dialog boxcomponents,�Section 3.2.1.∙Select the Contact type of interaction property.3. Click Continue to close the Create Interaction Property dialog box.4. From the menu bar in the contact property editor, select MechanicalTangential Behavior.5. In the editor that appears, click the arrow to the right of the Frictionformulation field, and select how you want to define friction betweenthe contact surfaces:∙Select Frictionless if you want Abaqus to assume that surfaces in contact slide freely without friction.∙Select Penalty to use a stiffness (penalty) method that permits some relative motion of the surfaces (an “elastic slip”) when theyshould be sticking. While the surfaces are sticking (i.e., ),the magnitude of sliding is limited to this elastic slip. Abaqus willcontinually adjust the magnitude of the penalty constraint toenforce this condition. For more information, see �Stiffnessmethod for imposing frictional constraints in Abaqus/Standard” in“Frictional behavior,�Section 35.1.5 of the Abaqus AnalysisUser's Manual, and �Stiffness method for imposing frictionalconstraints in Abaqus/Explicit” in “Frictional behavior,�Section35.1.5 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.∙Select Static-Kinetic Exponential Decay to specify static and kinetic friction coefficients directly. In this model it is assumedthat the friction coefficient decays exponentially from the staticvalue to the kinetic value. Alternatively, you can enter test data tofit the exponential model. (This Friction formulation option alsoallows you to specify elastic slip.) For more information,see �Specifying static and kinetic friction coefficients” in“Frictional behavior,�Section 35.1.5 of the Abaqus AnalysisUser's Manual.∙Select Rough to specify an infinite coefficient of friction. For more information, see �Preventing slipping regardless ofconta ct pressure” in “Frictional behavior,�Section 35.1.5 of theAbaqus Analysis User's Manual.∙Select Lagrange Multiplier (Standard only) to enforce the sticking constraints at an interface between two surfaces usingthe Lagrange multiplier implementation. With this method there isno relative motion between two closed surfaces until .For more information, see �Lagrange multiplier method forimposing frictional constraints in Abaqus/Standard” in “Frictionalbehavior,�Section 35.1.5 of the Abaqus Analysis User'sManual.∙Select User-defined to define the shear interaction between the contact surfaces with user subroutine FRIC or VFRIC. For moreinformation, see �User-defined friction model” in “Frictionalbehavior,�Section 35.1.5 of the Abaqus Analysis User'sManual.6. If you selected the Penalty or Lagrange Multiplier (Standardonly) friction formulation, perform the following steps:a. Display the Friction tabbed page.b. Choose the Directionality:∙Choose Isotropic to enter a uniform friction coefficient.∙Choose Anisotropic (Standard only) to allow fordifferent friction coefficients in the two orthogonaldirections on the contact surface. For more information,see �Using the anisotropic friction model inAbaqus/Standard” in “Frictional behavior,�Section35.1.5 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.c. Toggle on Use slip-rate-dependent data if the frictioncoefficient is dependent on slip rate.d. Toggle on Use contact-pressure-dependent data if the frictioncoefficient is dependent on the contact pressure.e. Toggle on Use temperature-dependent data if the frictioncoefficient is dependent on temperature.f. Click the arrows to the right of the Number of fieldvariables field to specify the number of field variables on whichthe friction coefficient depends.g. Enter the required data in the data table provided.h. Display the Shear Stress tabbed page, and choose a Shearstress limit option:∙Choose No limit if you do not want to limit the shearstress that can be carried by the interface before thesurfaces begin to slide.∙Choose Specify to enter an equivalent shear stresslimit, . If you choose this option, sliding will occur ifthe magnitude of the equivalent shear stress reaches thisvalue, regardless of the magnitude of the contact pressurestress. For more information, see �Using the optionalshear stress limit” in “Frictional behavior,�Section 35.1.5of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.i. If you selected the Penalty friction formulation, displaythe Elastic Slip tabbed page, and specify how you want todefine elastic slip:∙If you are performing an Abaqus/Standard analysis,choose an option to Specify maximum elastic slip:▪Choose Fraction of characteristic surfacedimension to calculate the allowable elastic slip asa small fraction of the characteristic contact surfacelength.▪Choose Absolute distance to enter the absolutemagnitude of the allowable elastic slip, . (For asteady-state transport analysis set this parameterequal to the absolute magnitude of the allowableelastic slip velocity () to be used in the stiffnessmethod for sticking friction.)∙If you are performing an Abaqus/Explicit analysis, choosean Elastic slip stiffness option:▪Choose Infinite (no slip) to deactivate shearsoftening.▪Choose Specify to activate softened tangentialbehavior. Enter the slope of the curve that definesthe shear traction as a function of the elastic slipbetween the two surfaces.If you selected the Static-Kinetic Exponential Decay friction formulation, perform the following steps:. Display the Friction tabbed page.a. Choose an option for defining the exponential decay frictionmodel:∙Choose Coefficients to provide the static frictioncoefficient, the kinetic friction coefficient, and the decaycoefficient directly.∙Choose Test data to provide test data points to fit theexponential model.b. If you selected the Coefficients definition option, enter thefollowing in the data table provided:∙Static friction coefficient, .∙Kinetic friction coefficient, .∙Decay coefficient, .If you selected the Test data definition option, enter the following in the data table provided:∙In the first row, enter the static friction coefficient, .∙In the second row, enter the dynamic frictioncoefficient, and the reference slip rate, , atwhich is measured.∙In the third row, enter the kinetic friction coefficient, .This value corresponds to the asymptotic value of thefriction coefficient at infinite slip rate, . If this data line isomitted, Abaqus/Standard automaticallycalculates such that .c. Display the Elastic Slip tabbed page, and specify how you wantto define elastic slip:∙If you are performing an Abaqus/Standard analysis, choose an option to Specify maximum elastic slip:▪Choose Fraction of characteristic surfacedimension to calculate the allowable elastic slip asa small fraction of the characteristic contact surfacelength.▪Choose Absolute distance to enter the absolutemagnitude of the allowable elastic slip, . (For asteady-state transport analysis set this parameterequal to the absolute magnitude of the allowableelastic slip velocity () to be used in the stiffnessmethod for sticking friction.)∙If you are performing an Abaqus/Explicit analysis, choose an Elastic slip stiffness option:▪Choose Infinite (no slip) to deactivate shearsoftening.▪Choose Specify to activate shear softening. Enterthe slope of the curve that defines the sheartraction as a function of the elastic slip between thetwo surfaces.Click OK to create the contact property and to exit the Edit Contact Property dialog box. Alternatively, you can select another contact property option to define from the menus in the Edit Contact Property dialog box.。

Abaqus帮助文档整理汇总

model）通常由一个或几个部件（part）组成，“部件”
feature）组成，每一个部分至少有一个基
base feature），特征体可以是所创建的实体，如挤压体、
．首先建立“部件”
1）根据实际模型的尺寸决定部件的近似尺寸，进入绘图区。绘图
edit菜
sketcher options选项里调整。
(比如奇异)。接触刚度的值决
当默认罚刚度设置用于罚函数
拉格朗日乘子默认不使用。如果用于罚函数
1000倍时，则默
-过
1000倍时，默认拉格朗日乘
：设置主面名2 v* c. b: S8 s) l
：设置允许违反接触条件的最大点数。这个条件由perrmx和
：使standard自动计算过盈容差和分离压力
以防止接触中的振荡。该参数不能与maxchp、perrmx和uerrmx
onset：设置其=immediate(默认)则在接触发生时在增量步
=delayed则延迟摩擦的应用。 G) P# q/ q7
：设置其=yes则强迫接触约束为拉格朗日乘子
=no则不使用拉格朗日乘子法。对于高刚度问题不推荐no，因为
3）分配截面特性给各特征体，把截面特性分配给部件的某一区域
．建立刚体
1）部件包括可变形体、不连续介质刚体和分析刚体三种类型，在
一旦建立后就不能更改其类型。采
在绘制轴对称部件的外形轮廓时不能超过其对
2）刚体是不能够施加质量、惯性轴等特性的，建立刚体后必须给
reference point）。在加载模块里对参考点施
solid element）只有平动自由度，没有转动自由度，所
ABAQUS将边界条件传递给其后的每一个分析步。对

abaqus子结构定义实例_理论说明

abaqus子结构定义实例理论说明1. 引言1.1 概述在工程学中，结构分析是一项重要的研究领域，在设计和优化各种结构时起着关键作用。

然而，随着结构复杂性的增加，传统的整体结构分析方法往往变得困难且耗时。

为了克服这些问题，Abaqus软件提供了子结构定义功能，可以方便地进行局部区域的分析和模拟。

1.2 文章结构本文旨在介绍Abaqus软件中子结构定义的实例和理论说明。

首先，在引言部分概述了文章的背景和目的。

接下来，将详细介绍什么是Abaqus子结构以及子结构定义的步骤和注意事项。

然后，对子结构分析原理、应用范围以及其优势和限制条件进行了理论说明。

最后，通过一个具体实例展示了子结构定义过程，并对分析结果进行讨论与总结。

文章最后给出了研究展望与未来工作方向。

1.3 目的本文旨在帮助读者全面了解Abaqus软件中子结构定义的实际应用，并通过理论说明揭示其原理和优缺点。

同时，通过实例展示，读者可以更好地了解如何在实际工程中应用子结构定义的方法与技巧。

最终目的是为读者提供一个清晰且全面的指南，使其能够准确有效地使用Abaqus软件进行结构分析和模拟。

2. Abaqus子结构定义实例：2.1 什么是Abaqus子结构？在Abaqus中，子结构定义是一种分析方法，用于对复杂系统进行建模和分析。

它将一个大型模型划分为多个独立的子结构，每个子结构代表系统中的一个组件或部分。

通过将系统分解为更小的部分，可以简化整体模型的处理和求解过程。

2.2 子结构定义的步骤：子结构定义包括以下步骤：1) 确定需要进行子结构定义的系统或模型。

2) 根据系统的物理特性和功能划分出相应的独立子结构。

3) 选择适当的边界条件以及接口节点来连接不同的子结构。

4) 在每个子结构中添加适当的约束条件。

5) 定义加载和约束条件以对整体系统施加外部载荷并固定某些节点。

6) 求解整个系统模型。

2.3 子结构定义的注意事项：在进行Abaqus子结构定义时，需要注意以下几点：1) 子结构之间必须有明确定义且正确匹配的接口节点。

ABAQUS入门使用手册[1].

ABAQUS 入门使用手册ABAQUS 简介:ABAQUS 是一套先进的通用有限元程序系统,这套软件的目的是对固体和结构的力学问题进行数值计算分析, 而我们将其用于材料的计算机模拟及其前后处理,主要得益于 ABAQUS 给我们的 ABAQUS/Standard及ABAQUS/Explicit通用分析模块。

ABAQUS 有众多的分析模块,我们使用的模块主要是 ABAQUS/CAE及 Viewer, 前者用于建模及相应的前处理, 后者用于对结果进行分析及处理。

下面将对这两个模块的使用结合本人的体会做一些具体的说明:一. ABAQUS/CAECAE 模块用于分析对象的建模, 特性及约束条件的给定, 网格的划分以及数据传输等等,其核心由七个步骤组成,下面将对这七个步骤作出说明: 1.PART 步(1 Part →CreatModeling Space:① 3D 代表三维② 2D 代表二维③ Aaxisymmetric 代表轴对称,这三个选项的选定要视所模拟对象的结构而定。

Type: ① Deformable 为一般选项,适合于绝大多数的模拟对象。

② Discrete rigid 和 Analytical rigid用于多个物体组合时,与我们所研究的对象相关的物体上。

ABAQUS 假设这些与所研究的对象相关的物体均为刚体,对于其中较简单的刚体, 如球体而言, 选择前者即可。

若刚体形状较复杂, 或者不是规则的几何图形, 那么就选择后者。

需要说明的是, 由于后者所建立的模型是离散的, 所以只能是近似的,不可能和实际物体一样,因此误差较大。

Shape 中有四个选项,其排列规则是按照维数而定的,可以根据我们的模拟对象确定。

Type: ① Extrusion 用于建立一般情况的三维模型② Revolution 建立旋转体模型③ Sweep 用于建立形状任意的模型。

Approximate size:在此栏中设定作图区的大致尺寸,其单位与我们选定的单位一致。

abaqus帮助文档中轮胎的例子

外胎是由胎体、缓冲层（或称带束层）、胎面、胎侧和胎圈组成1、Bead：胎唇部；2、sidewall：胎侧；3、tread：胎面；4belt：缓冲层；5、carcass：胎体帘布层。

3.1.8 Treadwear simulation using adaptive meshingin ABAQUS/Standard3．1.8使用自适应网格在Abaqus/Standard中进行轮胎磨损仿真分析软件：Abaqus/Standard这个例子在Abaqus/Standard中使用自适应网格技术对稳态滚动的轮胎进行建模。

这次分析使用类似“Steady-state rolling analysis of a tire”Section 3.1.2来建立稳态滚动轮胎的接地印迹和状态。

接着，进行稳态传输分析来计算和推测持续分析步，在稳态过程中产生一个近似瞬态磨损解。

问题描述和建模轮胎描述和有限元建模和“Import of asteady-state rolling tire，”Section 3.1.6一样，但是有一些不一样，在这里需要指出。

由于这次分析的中心是轮胎磨损，所以胎面建模需要更加精细。

另外台面使用线性弹性材料模型来避免超弹性材料在网格自适应过程中不收敛。

图1所示的是轴对称175SR14轮胎的一半模型。

橡胶层用CGAX4和 CGAX3单元建模。

加强层使用带有rebar层的SFMGAX1单元模拟。

橡胶层和加强层之间潜入单元约束。

橡胶层的弹性模量为6Mpa，泊松比为0.49。

剩下的轮胎部分用超弹性材料模型模拟。

多应变能使用系数C10=10^6,C01=0和D1=2*10^8。

用来模拟骨架纤维的刚性层和径向成0°，弹性模量为9.87Gpa。

压缩系数设置成受拉系数的百分之一。

名义应力应变数据用马洛超弹性模型定义材料本构关系。

Belt fibers材料的拉伸弹性模量为172.2Gpa。

压缩系数设置成拉伸系数的的百分之一。

abaqus定义子结构

Products: Abaqus/Standard Abaqus/CAE
References
• “Deﬁning substructures,” Section 10.1.2 • *SLOAD • *SUBSTRUCTURE PATH • *SUBSTRUCTURE PROPERTY
Overview
used;
• are connected to the rest of the model by the retained degrees of freedom at the retained nodes; • may contain a set of internal load cases and boundary conditions that can be activated and scaled; • can include dynamic effects by including retained eigenmodes; and • appear to the rest of the model as a stiffness, optional mass, damping, and a set of scalable load
• can be used in stress/displacement and in coupled acoustic-structural analyses; • have linear response but allow for large translations and large rotations; • are particularly useful in cases where identical pieces appear several times in a structure (such as

Abaqus帮助文档整理汇总(20200501064837)

Abaqus 使用日记Abaqus标准版共有“部件（part）”、“材料特性（propoterty）”、“装配（assemble）”、“计算步骤（step）”、“交互（interaction）”、“加载（load）”、“单元划分（mesh）”、“计算（job）”、“后处理（visualization）”、“草图（sketch）”十大模块组成。

建模方法：一个模型（model）通常由一个或几个部件（part）组成，“部件”又由一个或几个特征体（feature）组成，每一个部分至少有一个基本特征体（base feature），特征体可以是所创建的实体，如挤压体、切割挤压体、数据点、参考点、数据轴，数据平面，装配体的装配约束、装配体的实例等等。

1．首先建立“部件”（1）根据实际模型的尺寸决定部件的近似尺寸，进入绘图区。

绘图区根据所输入的近似尺寸决定网格的间距，间距大小可以在edit菜单sketcher options选项里调整。

（2）在绘图区分别建立部件中的各个特征体，建立特征体的方法主要有挤压、旋转、平扫三种。

同一个模型中两个不同的部件可以有同名的特征体组成，也就是说不同部件中可以有同名的特征体，同名特征体可以相同也可以不同。

部件的特征体包括用各种方法建立的基本特征体、数据点（datum point）、数据轴（datum axis）、数据平面（datum plane）等等。

（3）编辑部件可以用部件管理器进行部件复制，重命名，删除等，部件中的特征体可以是直接建立的特征体，还可以间接手段建立，如首先建立一个数据点特征体，通过数据点建立数据轴特征体，然后建立数据平面特征体，再由此基础上建立某一特征体，最先建立的数据点特征体就是父特征体，依次往下分别为子特征体，删除或隐藏父特征体其下级所有子特征体都将被删除或隐藏。

××××特征体被删除后将不能够恢复，一个部件如果只包含一个特征体，删除特征体时部件也同时被删除×××××2．建立材料特性（1）输入材料特性参数弹性模量、泊松比等（2）建立截面（section）特性，如均质的、各项同性、平面应力平面应变等等，截面特性管理器依赖于材料参数管理器（3）分配截面特性给各特征体，把截面特性分配给部件的某一区域就表示该区域已经和该截面特性相关联3．建立刚体（1）部件包括可变形体、不连续介质刚体和分析刚体三种类型，在创建部件时需要指定部件的类型，一旦建立后就不能更改其类型。

abaqus帮助文档_step

Configuring a dynamic, explicit procedureAn explicit, dynamic analysis is computationally efficient for the analysis of large models with relatively short dynamic response times and for the analysis of extremely discontinuous events or processes. This type of analysis allows for the definition of very general contact conditions and uses a consistent, large-deformation theory. For more information, see �Explicit dynamic analysis,�Section 6.3.3 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.To create or edit a dynamic, explicit procedure:1. Display the Edit Step dialog box following the procedure outlinedin �Creating a step,�Section 14.9.2 (Procedure type:General;Dynamic, Explicit), or �Editing a step,�Section 14.9.3.2. On the Basic, Incrementation, Mass scaling, and Other tabbedpages, configure settings such as the time period for the step, themaximum time increment, the increment size, mass scaling definitions, and bulk viscosity parameters as described in the following procedures. To configure settings on the Basic tabbed page:1. In the Edit Step dialog box, display the Basic tabbed page.2. In the Description field, enter a short description of the analysis step.Abaqus stores the text that you enter in the output database, and thetext is displayed in the state block by the Visualization module.3. In the Time period field, enter the time period of the step.4. Select an Nlgeom option:∙Toggle Nlgeom Off to perform a geometrically linear analysis during the current step.∙Toggle Nlgeom On to indicate that Abaqus/Explicit shouldaccount for geometric nonlinearity during the step. Once youhave toggled Nlgeom on, it will be active during all subsequentsteps in the analysis.5. Toggle on Include adiabatic heating effects if you are performing anadiabatic stress analysis. This option is relevant only for metal plasticity.For more information, see �Adiabatic analysis,�Section 6.5.5 of theAbaqus Analysis User's Manual.To configure settings on the Incrementation tabbed page:1. In the Edit Step dialog box, display the Incrementation tabbed page.2. Choose a Type option:∙Choose Automatic to allow Abaqus/Explicit to determine the time incrementation automatically. For more information,see �Automatic time incrementation” in “Explicit dynamicanalysis,�Section 6.3.3 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.∙Choose Fixed to use a fixed time incrementation scheme. The fixed time increment size is determined either by the initialelement stability estimate for the step or by a user-specified timeincrement. For more information, see �Fixed timeincrementation” in “Explicit dynamic analysis,�Section 6.3.3 ofthe Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.3. If you selected Automatic time incrementation, perform the followingsteps:a. Choose a Stable increment estimator option:∙Choose Global to allow the global estimator to determinethe stability limit as the step proceeds. The adaptive,global estimation algorithm determines the maximumfrequency of the entire model using the current dilatationalwave speed. This algorithm continuously updates theestimate for the maximum frequency. The global estimatorwill usually allow time increments that exceed theelement-by-element values.∙Choose Element-by-element to allow Abaqus/Explicit todetermine an element-by-element estimate using thecurrent dilatational wave speed in each element.The element-by-element estimate is conservative; it willgive a smaller stable time increment than the true stabilitylimit that is based upon the maximum frequency of theentire model. In general, constraints such as boundaryconditions and kinematic contact have the effect ofcompressing the eigenvalue spectrum, and theelement-by-element estimates do not take this intoaccount.b. Choose a Max. time increment option:∙Choose Unlimited if you do not want to impose an upperlimit to time incrementation.∙Choose Value to enter a value for the maximum timeincrement allowed. Enter the value in the field provided.If you selected Fixed time incrementation, choose an option for determining increment size:∙Choose User-defined time increment to specify a timeincrement size directly. Enter that time increment size in the fieldprovided.∙Choose Use element-by-element time increment estimator to use time increments the size of the initial element-by-elementstability limit throughout the step. The dilatational wave speed ineach element at the beginning of the step is used to compute thefixed time increment size.If desired, enter a Time scaling factor to adjust the stable time increment computed by Abaqus/Explicit. (This option is unavailable if you have specified a User-defined time increment for the Fixed time incrementation scheme.) For more information, see �Scaling the time increment” in “Explicit dynamic analysis,�Section 6.3.3 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.To configure settings on the Mass scaling tabbed page:2. Choose one of the following options for specifying mass scaling:∙Choose Use scaled mass and “throughout step” definitions from the previous step if you want mass scaling definitionsfrom the previous step to propagate through the current step. Ifyou choose this option, you can skip the remaining steps in thisprocedure.∙Choose Use scaling definitions below to create one or more new mass scaling definitions for this step. If you choose thisoption, complete the remaining steps in this procedure.3. At the bottom of the Data table, click Create.An Edit mass scaling dialog box appears.4. Specify which type of mass scaling definition you want to create:∙Choose Semi-automatic mass scaling to define mass scaling for any type of analysis except bulk metal rolling.∙Choose Automatic mass scaling to define mass scaling for a bulk metal rolling analysis. For more information,see �A utomatic mass scaling for analysis of bulk metal rolling”in “Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User'sManual.∙Choose Reinitialize mass to reinitialize masses of elements to their original values. This option allows you to prevent the scaledmass from a previous step from being used in the current step.For more information, see �Reverting the mass matrix to theoriginal state” in “Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1 of the AbaqusAnalysis User's Manual.∙Choose Disable mass scaling thoughout step to disable in this step all variable mass scaling definitions from previous steps.For more information, see �Continuous mass matrix with nofurther scaling” in “Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1 of the AbaqusAnalysis User's Manual.5. If you selected Semi-automatic mass scaling, Automatic massscaling, or Reinitialize mass, indicate the region to which you want the mass scaling definition applied:∙Choose Whole model to apply the mass scaling definition to all elements in the model.∙Choose Set to apply the mass scaling definition to a particular set of elements. Enter the set name in the field provided.6. If you selected Semi-automatic mass scaling, indicate when, duringthe step, you want Abaqus/Explicit to scale the element masses: ∙Choose At beginning of step to perform fixed mass scaling only at the beginning of the step. For more information, see �Fixedmass scaling” in “Mass sc aling,�Section 11.6.1 of the AbaqusAnalysis User's Manual.∙Choose Throughout step to scale the mass of elements periodically during the step. For more information,see �Variable mass scaling” in “Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.7. If you selected Semi-automatic mass scaling, indicate how you wantAbaqus/Explicit to scale the element masses:∙Toggle on Scale by factor to scale the elements once at the beginning of the step by the value you enter in the field provided.For more information, see �Defining a scale factor directly” in“Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User'sManual.∙Toggle on Scale to target time increment of n to enter a desired element stable time increment in the field provided. Clickthe arrow to the right of the Scale element mass field, andselect how you want Abaqus/Explicit to apply that target timeincrement:▪Select Uniformly to satisfy target to scale the masses of the elements equally so that the smallest element stabletime increment of the scaled elements equals the targetvalue.▪Select If below minimum target to scale the masses of only the elements whose element stable time incrementsare less than the target value.▪Select Nonuniformly to equal target to scale themasses of all elements so that they all have the sameelement stable time increment equal to the target value.8. If you toggle on both Scale by factor and Scale to target timeincrement, Abaqus/Explicit first scales the masses by the factor value that you enter and then possibly scales them again, depending on the value you enter for target time increment and the option you select for applying that target.9. If you selected Automatic mass scaling, enter the following values:∙In the Feed rate field, enter the estimated average velocity of the workpiece in the rolling direction at steady-state conditions.∙In the Extruded element length field, enter the average element length in the rolling direction.∙In the Nodes in cross-section field, enter the number of nodes in the cross-section of the workpiece. Increasing this valuedecreases the amount of mass scaling.10. If you selected Semi-automatic mass scaling throughout the stepor Automatic mass scaling, specify when, during the step, you wantAbaqus/Explicit to perform mass scaling calculations:∙Choose Every n increments to specify the frequency, inincrements, at which Abaqus/Explicit is to perform mass scalingcalculations. Enter the desired frequency in the field provided.For example, if you enter a value of 5, Abaqus/Explicit scales themass at the beginning of the step and at increments 5, 10, 15,etc.∙Choose At n equal intervals to specify the number of intervals during the step at which Abaqus/Explicit is to perform massscaling calculations. Enter the desired value in the field provided.For example, if you enter a value of 2, Abaqus/Explicit scales themass at the beginning of the step, the increment immediatelyfollowing the half-way point in the step, and the final increment inthe step.11. Click OK to close the Edit mass scaling dialog box and return tothe Mass scaling tabbed page of the Edit Step dialog box.The mass scaling definition that you have just created appears inthe Data table.12. If desired, repeat Steps 3 to 10 to create additional mass scalingdefinitions.13. Once you have created one or more mass scaling definitions, you canedit or delete them if desired. Select a particular mass scaling definition in the Data table, and click Edit or Delete at the bottom ofthe Data table.To configure settings on the Other tabbed page:1. In the Edit Step dialog box, display the Other tabbed page.2. Enter a value for the Linear bulk viscosity parameter. Linear bulkviscosity is included by default in Abaqus/Explicit.3. Enter a value for the Quadratic bulk viscosity parameter. This form ofbulk viscosity pressure is found only in solid continuum element and isapplied only if the volumetric strain rate is compressive.When you have finished configuring settings for the dynamic, explicit step, click OK to close the Edit Step dialog box.。

Abaqus帮助文档整理汇总

Abaqus 使用日记Abaqus标准版共有“部件（part）”、“材料特性（propoterty）”、“装配（assemble）”、“计算步骤（step）”、“交互（interaction）”、“加载（load）”、“单元划分（mesh）”、“计算（job）”、“后处理（visualization）”、“草图（sketch）”十大模块组成。

建模方法：一个模型（model）通常由一个或几个部件（part）组成，“部件”又由一个或几个特征体（feature）组成，每一个部分至少有一个基本特征体（base feature），特征体可以是所创建的实体，如挤压体、切割挤压体、数据点、参考点、数据轴，数据平面，装配体的装配约束、装配体的实例等等。

1．首先建立“部件”（1）根据实际模型的尺寸决定部件的近似尺寸，进入绘图区。

绘图区根据所输入的近似尺寸决定网格的间距，间距大小可以在edit菜单sketcher options选项里调整。

（2）在绘图区分别建立部件中的各个特征体，建立特征体的方法主要有挤压、旋转、平扫三种。

同一个模型中两个不同的部件可以有同名的特征体组成，也就是说不同部件中可以有同名的特征体，同名特征体可以相同也可以不同。

部件的特征体包括用各种方法建立的基本特征体、数据点（datum point）、数据轴（datum axis）、数据平面（datum plane）等等。

（3）编辑部件可以用部件管理器进行部件复制，重命名，删除等，部件中的特征体可以是直接建立的特征体，还可以间接手段建立，如首先建立一个数据点特征体，通过数据点建立数据轴特征体，然后建立数据平面特征体，再由此基础上建立某一特征体，最先建立的数据点特征体就是父特征体，依次往下分别为子特征体，删除或隐藏父特征体其下级所有子特征体都将被删除或隐藏。

××××特征体被删除后将不能够恢复，一个部件如果只包含一个特征体，删除特征体时部件也同时被删除×××××2．建立材料特性（1）输入材料特性参数弹性模量、泊松比等（2）建立截面（section）特性，如均质的、各项同性、平面应力平面应变等等，截面特性管理器依赖于材料参数管理器（3）分配截面特性给各特征体，把截面特性分配给部件的某一区域就表示该区域已经和该截面特性相关联3．建立刚体（1）部件包括可变形体、不连续介质刚体和分析刚体三种类型，在创建部件时需要指定部件的类型，一旦建立后就不能更改其类型。

(完整版)Abaqus帮助文档整理汇总,推荐文档

Abaqus 使用日记Abaqus标准版共有“部件（part）”、“材料特性（propoterty）”、“装配（assemble）”、“计算步骤（step）”、“交互（interaction）”、“加载（load）”、“单元划分（mesh）”、“计算（job）”、“后处理（visualization）”、“草图（sketch）”十大模块组成。

建模方法：一个模型（model）通常由一个或几个部件（part）组成，“部件”又由一个或几个特征体（feature）组成，每一个部分至少有一个基本特征体（base feature），特征体可以是所创建的实体，如挤压体、切割挤压体、数据点、参考点、数据轴，数据平面，装配体的装配约束、装配体的实例等等。

1．首先建立“部件”（1）根据实际模型的尺寸决定部件的近似尺寸，进入绘图区。

绘图区根据所输入的近似尺寸决定网格的间距，间距大小可以在edit菜单sketcher options选项里调整。

（2）在绘图区分别建立部件中的各个特征体，建立特征体的方法主要有挤压、旋转、平扫三种。

同一个模型中两个不同的部件可以有同名的特征体组成，也就是说不同部件中可以有同名的特征体，同名特征体可以相同也可以不同。

部件的特征体包括用各种方法建立的基本特征体、数据点（datum point）、数据轴（datum axis）、数据平面（datum plane）等等。

（3）编辑部件可以用部件管理器进行部件复制，重命名，删除等，部件中的特征体可以是直接建立的特征体，还可以间接手段建立，如首先建立一个数据点特征体，通过数据点建立数据轴特征体，然后建立数据平面特征体，再由此基础上建立某一特征体，最先建立的数据点特征体就是父特征体，依次往下分别为子特征体，删除或隐藏父特征体其下级所有子特征体都将被删除或隐藏。

××××特征体被删除后将不能够恢复，一个部件如果只包含一个特征体，删除特征体时部件也同时被删除×××××2．建立材料特性（1）输入材料特性参数弹性模量、泊松比等（2）建立截面（section）特性，如均质的、各项同性、平面应力平面应变等等，截面特性管理器依赖于材料参数管理器（3）分配截面特性给各特征体，把截面特性分配给部件的某一区域就表示该区域已经和该截面特性相关联3．建立刚体（1）部件包括可变形体、不连续介质刚体和分析刚体三种类型，在创建部件时需要指定部件的类型，一旦建立后就不能更改其类型。

abaqus帮助文档_step

Configuring a dynamic, explicit procedureAn explicit, dynamic analysis is computationally efficient for the analysis of large models with relatively short dynamic response times and for the analysis of extremely discontinuous events or processes. This type of analysis allows for the definition of very general contact conditions and uses a consistent, large-deformation theory. For more information, see �Explicit dynamic analysis,�Section 6.3.3 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.To create or edit a dynamic, explicit procedure:1. Display the Edit Step dialog box following the procedure outlinedin �Creating a step,�Section 14.9.2 (Procedure type:General;Dynamic, Explicit), or �Editing a step,�Section 14.9.3.2. On the Basic, Incrementation, Mass scaling, and Other tabbedpages, configure settings such as the time period for the step, themaximum time increment, the increment size, mass scaling definitions, and bulk viscosity parameters as described in the following procedures. To configure settings on the Basic tabbed page:1. In the Edit Step dialog box, display the Basic tabbed page.2. In the Description field, enter a short description of the analysis step.Abaqus stores the text that you enter in the output database, and thetext is displayed in the state block by the Visualization module.3. In the Time period field, enter the time period of the step.4. Select an Nlgeom option:∙Toggle Nlgeom Off to perform a geometrically linear analysis during the current step.∙Toggle Nlgeom On to indicate that Abaqus/Explicit shouldaccount for geometric nonlinearity during the step. Once youhave toggled Nlgeom on, it will be active during all subsequentsteps in the analysis.5. Toggle on Include adiabatic heating effects if you are performing anadiabatic stress analysis. This option is relevant only for metal plasticity.For more information, see �Adiabatic analysis,�Section 6.5.5 of theAbaqus Analysis User's Manual.To configure settings on the Incrementation tabbed page:1. In the Edit Step dialog box, display the Incrementation tabbed page.2. Choose a Type option:∙Choose Automatic to allow Abaqus/Explicit to determine the time incrementation automatically. For more information,see �Automatic time incrementation” in “Explicit dynamicanalysis,�Section 6.3.3 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.∙Choose Fixed to use a fixed time incrementation scheme. The fixed time increment size is determined either by the initialelement stability estimate for the step or by a user-specified timeincrement. For more information, see �Fixed timeincrementation” in “Explicit dynamic analysis,�Section 6.3.3 ofthe Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.3. If you selected Automatic time incrementation, perform the followingsteps:a. Choose a Stable increment estimator option:∙Choose Global to allow the global estimator to determinethe stability limit as the step proceeds. The adaptive,global estimation algorithm determines the maximumfrequency of the entire model using the current dilatationalwave speed. This algorithm continuously updates theestimate for the maximum frequency. The global estimatorwill usually allow time increments that exceed theelement-by-element values.∙Choose Element-by-element to allow Abaqus/Explicit todetermine an element-by-element estimate using thecurrent dilatational wave speed in each element.The element-by-element estimate is conservative; it willgive a smaller stable time increment than the true stabilitylimit that is based upon the maximum frequency of theentire model. In general, constraints such as boundaryconditions and kinematic contact have the effect ofcompressing the eigenvalue spectrum, and theelement-by-element estimates do not take this intoaccount.b. Choose a Max. time increment option:∙Choose Unlimited if you do not want to impose an upperlimit to time incrementation.∙Choose Value to enter a value for the maximum timeincrement allowed. Enter the value in the field provided.If you selected Fixed time incrementation, choose an option for determining increment size:∙Choose User-defined time increment to specify a timeincrement size directly. Enter that time increment size in the fieldprovided.∙Choose Use element-by-element time increment estimator to use time increments the size of the initial element-by-elementstability limit throughout the step. The dilatational wave speed ineach element at the beginning of the step is used to compute thefixed time increment size.If desired, enter a Time scaling factor to adjust the stable time increment computed by Abaqus/Explicit. (This option is unavailable if you have specified a User-defined time increment for the Fixed time incrementation scheme.) For more information, see �Scaling the time increment” in “Explicit dynamic analysis,�Section 6.3.3 of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.To configure settings on the Mass scaling tabbed page:2. Choose one of the following options for specifying mass scaling:∙Choose Use scaled mass and “throughout step” definitions from the previous step if you want mass scaling definitionsfrom the previous step to propagate through the current step. Ifyou choose this option, you can skip the remaining steps in thisprocedure.∙Choose Use scaling definitions below to create one or more new mass scaling definitions for this step. If you choose thisoption, complete the remaining steps in this procedure.3. At the bottom of the Data table, click Create.An Edit mass scaling dialog box appears.4. Specify which type of mass scaling definition you want to create:∙Choose Semi-automatic mass scaling to define mass scaling for any type of analysis except bulk metal rolling.∙Choose Automatic mass scaling to define mass scaling for a bulk metal rolling analysis. For more information,see �A utomatic mass scaling for analysis of bulk metal rolling”in “Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User'sManual.∙Choose Reinitialize mass to reinitialize masses of elements to their original values. This option allows you to prevent the scaledmass from a previous step from being used in the current step.For more information, see �Reverting the mass matrix to theoriginal state” in “Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1 of the AbaqusAnalysis User's Manual.∙Choose Disable mass scaling thoughout step to disable in this step all variable mass scaling definitions from previous steps.For more information, see �Continuous mass matrix with nofurther scaling” in “Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1 of the AbaqusAnalysis User's Manual.5. If you selected Semi-automatic mass scaling, Automatic massscaling, or Reinitialize mass, indicate the region to which you want the mass scaling definition applied:∙Choose Whole model to apply the mass scaling definition to all elements in the model.∙Choose Set to apply the mass scaling definition to a particular set of elements. Enter the set name in the field provided.6. If you selected Semi-automatic mass scaling, indicate when, duringthe step, you want Abaqus/Explicit to scale the element masses: ∙Choose At beginning of step to perform fixed mass scaling only at the beginning of the step. For more information, see �Fixedmass scaling” in “Mass sc aling,�Section 11.6.1 of the AbaqusAnalysis User's Manual.∙Choose Throughout step to scale the mass of elements periodically during the step. For more information,see �Variable mass scaling” in “Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1of the Abaqus Analysis User's Manual.7. If you selected Semi-automatic mass scaling, indicate how you wantAbaqus/Explicit to scale the element masses:∙Toggle on Scale by factor to scale the elements once at the beginning of the step by the value you enter in the field provided.For more information, see �Defining a scale factor directly” in“Mass scaling,�Section 11.6.1 of the Abaqus Analysis User'sManual.∙Toggle on Scale to target time increment of n to enter a desired element stable time increment in the field provided. Clickthe arrow to the right of the Scale element mass field, andselect how you want Abaqus/Explicit to apply that target timeincrement:▪Select Uniformly to satisfy target to scale the masses of the elements equally so that the smallest element stabletime increment of the scaled elements equals the targetvalue.▪Select If below minimum target to scale the masses of only the elements whose element stable time incrementsare less than the target value.▪Select Nonuniformly to equal target to scale themasses of all elements so that they all have the sameelement stable time increment equal to the target value.8. If you toggle on both Scale by factor and Scale to target timeincrement, Abaqus/Explicit first scales the masses by the factor value that you enter and then possibly scales them again, depending on the value you enter for target time increment and the option you select for applying that target.9. If you selected Automatic mass scaling, enter the following values:∙In the Feed rate field, enter the estimated average velocity of the workpiece in the rolling direction at steady-state conditions.∙In the Extruded element length field, enter the average element length in the rolling direction.∙In the Nodes in cross-section field, enter the number of nodes in the cross-section of the workpiece. Increasing this valuedecreases the amount of mass scaling.10. If you selected Semi-automatic mass scaling throughout the stepor Automatic mass scaling, specify when, during the step, you wantAbaqus/Explicit to perform mass scaling calculations:∙Choose Every n increments to specify the frequency, inincrements, at which Abaqus/Explicit is to perform mass scalingcalculations. Enter the desired frequency in the field provided.For example, if you enter a value of 5, Abaqus/Explicit scales themass at the beginning of the step and at increments 5, 10, 15,etc.∙Choose At n equal intervals to specify the number of intervals during the step at which Abaqus/Explicit is to perform massscaling calculations. Enter the desired value in the field provided.For example, if you enter a value of 2, Abaqus/Explicit scales themass at the beginning of the step, the increment immediatelyfollowing the half-way point in the step, and the final increment inthe step.11. Click OK to close the Edit mass scaling dialog box and return tothe Mass scaling tabbed page of the Edit Step dialog box.The mass scaling definition that you have just created appears inthe Data table.12. If desired, repeat Steps 3 to 10 to create additional mass scalingdefinitions.13. Once you have created one or more mass scaling definitions, you canedit or delete them if desired. Select a particular mass scaling definition in the Data table, and click Edit or Delete at the bottom ofthe Data table.To configure settings on the Other tabbed page:1. In the Edit Step dialog box, display the Other tabbed page.2. Enter a value for the Linear bulk viscosity parameter. Linear bulkviscosity is included by default in Abaqus/Explicit.3. Enter a value for the Quadratic bulk viscosity parameter. This form ofbulk viscosity pressure is found only in solid continuum element and isapplied only if the volumetric strain rate is compressive.When you have finished configuring settings for the dynamic, explicit step, click OK to close the Edit Step dialog box.。

ABAQUS帮助文档翻译

节选-ABAQUS帮助文档翻译 reference to: user manual 18.62008-10-10 12:5918.6 理解自适应网格（adaptive meshing）自适应网格可以通过移动独立的材料网格(allowing the mesh to move independently of the material),让你在整个分析过程中即使发生大变形，也能保持高质量的网格。

通常自适应网格只移动节点，网格的拓扑并不改变。

注意：通常自适应网格多用在Dynamic （动态分析），Explicit and Dynamic（显示动态分析）, Temp-disp, Explicit 中。

定义模型中某个区域采用自适应网格的设置：other-->Adaptive Mesh Domain 自适应网格的选项控制设置:Other--〉Adaptive Mesh Controls 通常，在每一个step中只能有一个自适应网格区域。

21.2.1 ABAQUS/Standard defines contact between two bodies in terms of two surfaces that may interact; these surfaces are called a “contact pair.”ABAQUS/Standard defines “self-contact,” which is available only in two-dimensional analysis, in terms of a single surface. [if gte vml 1]><![endif][if !vml][endif]Figure 21.2.1–1 Contact and interaction discretization. 从the first surface (the “slave” surface)的节点向the second surface (the “master” surface)做垂线，寻找最近的垂线的垂足，The interaction is then discretized between the point on the master surface and the slave node. Strict master-slave contact 在这种关系下，主面的节点可以穿入从面（副面），但副面不可以穿入主面。

abaqus 子结构

abaqus 子结构
在Abaqus中，子结构是指一个大型结构中的一个较小的部分。

它可以通过将整个模型分为多个子结构来简化解决复杂的工程问题。

通过使用子结构，可以更轻松地进行分析和优化。

在Abaqus中，创建子结构的方法有多种。

一种常见的方法是使用装配模块创建子结构。

通过将不同的部件组装在一起，可以创建一个完整的子结构。

装配模块允许用户按照需要添加、删除或修改子结构的部件，并通过定义连接和边界条件来确保子结构与整体模型的正确配合。

创建子结构时，还可以使用约束和连接来定义子结构与整体模型之间的边界条件。

这些约束和连接可以通过将子结构的边界面与整体模型的边界面连接起来，以确保子结构在整个模型中的正确位置和行为。

通过正确定义约束和连接，可以确保子结构在分析过程中的准确性和可靠性。

除了创建子结构外，Abaqus还提供了一些用于分析和优化子结构的工具。

例如，可以使用Abaqus/Standard和Abaqus/Explicit求解器来分析子结构的静态和动态行为。

此外，还可以使用Abaqus/CAE进行后处理和结果可视化，以便更好地理解子结构的行为和性能。

总之，通过使用Abaqus的子结构功能，可以更轻松地对复杂的工程问题进行建模和分析。

通过将整个模型分解为多个子结构，并使用适当的约束和连接来定义其边界条件，可以更准确地模拟实际系统的行为。

通过使用Abaqus提供的工具和功能，可以更好地理解和优化子结构的性能，从而提高整个系统的性能和可靠性。