英语语法练习题

二、语态概述

语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即是主语在做这个动作；而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象，此时，主语是动作的逻辑宾语。例如：

My uncle repaired the TV set yesterday. 昨天我叔叔修理了那台电视机。

The TV set was repaired (by my uncle) yesterday. 那台电视机昨天被(我叔叔)修理了。

三、被动语态的构成

被动语态是由“be动词+(及物动词)过去分词”构成。若要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后边需接by…，译为“被(由)……”。不同时态的被动语态主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现已及物动词do为例，其各种时态的被动结构形式如下表所示：

时态

结构形式

※一般现在时

am / is / are + done

※一般过去时

was / were + done

现在进行时

am / is / are + being done

过去进行时

was / were + being done

※现在完成时

have / has + been done

过去完成时

had + been done

※一般将来时

shall / will + be done；am / is / are going to + be done 过去将来时

would + be done；was / were going to + be done

※含有情态动词

情态动词+ be done

四、被动语态的用法

用法

示例

不知道谁是动作的执行者，省略by短语。

①—Look! What an old palace! It looks so great! —Yeah, it ________________ (建造)nearly 800 years ago.

②—Did you go to the his birthday party yesterday? —No, I __________________ (not invite).

没有必要说、不想说或众所周知动作的执行者，省略by短语。

①Drivers shouldn’t ________________ (允许) drive after drinking, or they will break the law.

②The Chinese mainland pandas, Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan, ________________ (送) Taiwan on December 23rd, 2008.

强调动作的承受者，句尾加by短语。

①Thousands of houses ________________ (destroy) by the floods in Guangxi last month.

②Haibao was __________ (设计)by two artists, one from Shanghai and the other from Taiwan.

在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密。

I have a new motorbike. It was __________ (give) to me as a

birthday present by my father.

在新闻报道中，为了表明报道的客观性而避免主观性的透露。

A car accident happened on the high way this morning. Three men ____________ (kill), the wounded ____________ (take) away to hospital at once and the policemen ____________ (send) there to cope with the event.

在科技论文中，强调客观事实。

①When it is cold enough, water will ______________ (turn) into ice.

②So far, the moon has ______________ (visit) by earthmen several time.

某些习惯用法以被动语态形式出现。

①I am very interested in _________________ (看英文电影).

②She was seated _______________________ (窗边).

③He is dressed very _________ (好).

④Marcia ______________ (出生于) in Malaysia in 1995.

⑤My teacher must ____________ (be) satisfied with my behavior, for there was a big smile on his face. 五、两种语态互变

☆主动语态变被动语态

宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟；

谓语主动变被动，be加“过分”来使用；

无论时态是那种，都在be上来变动。

1. 把主动语态的宾语当作被动语态的主语，注意代词的宾格要变为主格；

2. 把谓语变成被动结构(be +过去分词)，时态要跟原主动语态一致；

3. 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，若为代词，要将主格改为宾格。如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语可省略。例如：