文体与翻译
文体与翻译
英翻汉Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really counts in your career.Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener to be sensitive toward others’ needs to take criticism well.3) People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes and take their share of blame which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error.4) That’s why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off.Sensitive in their dealings with others they are well liked everywhere.People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism.When confronted with a mistake they let their ego get in the way.They deny responsibility and became moody or angry. They mark themselves as ―prickly有时候,在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。
文体与翻译(公示语)
Signs
知识目标:1. 了解商务环境中各种不同的中英文标识. 知识目标 2. 掌握中英文商务标识的语言特点. 3. 熟悉翻译表达阶段的两种基本方法:直译法和意译法. 能力目标:1. 能够运用相关知识准确地翻译各种商务标识语. 能力目标 2. 能够运用相关知识独立地设计中英文标识. 3. 能较好地把握直译和意译的翻译方法.
(法国巴黎银行 金融 ) Sec 5 Sec 6 Sec 7 Sec 8
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I. 请说出下列标识代表哪些企业及所属行业,并谈谈企业标识的设计特 点.(2)ຫໍສະໝຸດ ( 英国皇家壳牌石油 石油 )
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中国海尔 电器 )
( 瑞士劳力士 手表 )
( 美国强生 医药
)
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SECTION 1
作为标识家族中重要的一部分,商务标识在现代的经济生 活中扮演着重要的角色.不论是作为商务活动主体的企业,商 业活动重要发生地的商场,还是商务出行离不开的酒店,机场, 都无时无刻不在使用着大量的,各式各样的标识,有纯图形符 号的,有纯语言文字的,也有图形文字共同使用的.商用标识 不同于交通,公共场所常用标识,其商用性质决定了其必须能 够吸引顾客或潜在顾客的注意,有利于企业经济效益的提高, 因此在设计或翻译时就要追求独特,新颖,醒目的特点.
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SECTION 1
标识: 标识 为了向公众传递某种特定的信息而将简单易懂的 单词和短语结合图形,符号等设计制作成某些指示,说明或 规定的意思的公共信息牌; 常见的标识: 常见的标识 交通标识(Traffic Signs),商用标识 (Business Signs),公共场所常用标识(Public Signs)以及其 他标志用语等. 特点:大多会有图形和符号合并使用,以使标识的含义 特点 更通俗易懂,有时甚至不必使用文字也可使公众明了.
刘宓庆《文体与翻译》(第2版)配套题库-公文文体【圣才出品】
第四章公文文体4.1 公文文体特点及翻译要点Practice 1DefinitionsArticle l The term Technical and Sales Information as used herein shall mean all data and information which Party A owns on the date hereof or may develop or acquire during the term of this agreement, and which relates to the manufacture and/or sale of licensed Products and includes detailed assembly drawings, parts lists, material specifications and manufacturing methods and procedures relating to the Licensed Products as well as sales and publicity materials such as catalogs, explanation materials, pamphlets, photographs, layout books, and sales materials. 【参考译文】定义:第一条本协议所用“技术与销售情报”的含义,是指甲方在本协议签订之日或存续期间发展或获得的,同生产和(或)销售“特许产品”有关的所有数据和情报,包括与“特许产品”相关的详尽组装图纸、配件表、原料规格、生产方法、生产程序以及诸如产品目录、使用说明书、小册子、照片、图样书册、销售等宣传资料。
Practice 2Sales AgreementThe agreement, (is)made in Beijing this eighth day of August2003 by and between ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter called “Seller”)and International Trading Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”).【参考译文】购销合同本合同于2003年8月8日在北京签订。
词义·文体·翻译
词义、文体和翻译是语言学和翻译学中的三个重要概念。
它们之间相互关联,共同影响着翻译的质量。
1. 词义:词义是指一个词汇所表达的意义。
在翻译过程中,理解原文的词义至关重要,因为准确的词义理解是保证翻译质量的基础。
词义的理解需要考虑语境、文化背景、词源等多方面因素。
此外,一词多义现象也是翻译中需要关注的问题,译者需要根据上下文来判断具体的意义。
2. 文体:文体是指语言的风格和特点,包括正式与非正式、书面与口头、古与今等。
不同的文体有不同的语言特点和表达方式,因此在翻译时需要充分考虑原文的文体特征,以保持译文的忠实度和可读性。
例如,将一篇正式的学术论文翻译成口语化的表达可能会影响译文的准确性和权威性。
3. 翻译:翻译是将一种语言的文字或口语转换为另一种语言的过程。
翻译的目的是使目标语言的读者能够理解和接受原文的内容。
在翻译过程中,译者需要充分理解原文的词义和文体特征,同时还要考虑到目标语言的语言习惯和文化背景。
翻译的方法有很多,如直译、意译、对等译等,译者需要根据具体情况选择合适的翻译方法。
总之,词义、文体和翻译是相互关联的三个概念,它们共同影响着翻译的质量。
在翻译过程中,译者需要充分考虑这些因素,以提高译文的准确性和可读性。
文体学与翻译
文体学与翻译
文体学是一门研究文本风格及其内在规律的学科,旨在分析不同文学创作风格与语言表现形式,揭示其中的内在逻辑和格局。
充分理解原始文本的文化包容性和文理分析也是该学科的研究重点。
翻译是一项具有挑战性的任务,需要译者掌握两种语言和文化体系的差异。
翻译的目的是将一种语言的表达转换成另一种语言的表达,但译者面临的挑战是如何保留文本的意义和风格。
因此,文体学和翻译的关系密切。
对译者来说,掌握文体学的知识有助于他们更好地理解原始文本的特点。
通过分析文本的结构、语言表现方式和修辞策略,译者可以更准确地传达原始文本的含义。
例如,一篇专业论文的风格通常比较正式,而一篇诗歌则更加抒情。
当译者翻译这些文本时,他们需要根据原始文本的性质和特点采用不同的策略,并尽可能地保留原始文本的风格和意义。
此外,研究文体学还可以增强译者对文化差异的理解。
随着全球化进程的加速,译者需要面对越来越多的跨文化交流。
对文化和文体差异的了解可以帮助译者更好地理解原始文本的内涵,并尽可能地将其翻译成目标语言。
例如,在不同语言和文化环境中,同一句话可能具有不同的含义。
如果译者不了解这种文化差异,可能会误解原始文本的含义,从而导致翻译质量下降。
综上所述,文体学与翻译之间存在密切的关系。
译者需要深入研究不同文体的特点,理解文本风格和语言表达的内在规律,并将这些知识运用到翻译实践中,以保留原始文本的风格和意义。
同时,译者还需要尊重不同文化和文体之间的差异,以确保翻译工作的准确性和质量。
刘宓庆翻译论著全集:文体与翻译
刘宓庆翻译论著全集:文体与翻译Liu Miqing is a renowned Chinese translator and translation theorist. His works cover a wide range of topics, including translation studies, literary translation, and translation criticism. The collection of his translated works is considered a valuable resource for scholars and students in the field of translation.One of Liu Miqing's most notable works is his book "Style and Translation", which explores the relationship between language style and translation. In this book, Liu argues that the translator's understanding of the source text's style is crucial to producing an accurate and effective translation. He also emphasizes the importance of considering the target audience's expectations and cultural background when translating a text.Liu's other works include "The Art of Literary Translation", which provides practical advice for translators of literary works, and "Translation Criticism", which examines the role of criticism in the translation process. He has also translated numerous works of literature, including the works of William Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Marquez.Overall, Liu Miqing's contributions to the field of translation have been significant, and his works continue to be studied and referenced by scholars and practitioners alike.扩展:刘宓庆是中国著名的翻译家和翻译理论家,他的作品涵盖了广泛的主题,包括翻译研究、文学翻译和翻译批评。
刘宓庆《文体与翻译》(第2版)配套题库(第7~8章)【圣才出品】
刘宓庆《⽂体与翻译》(第2版)配套题库(第7~8章)【圣才出品】刘宓庆《⽂体与翻译》(第2版)配套题库第七章应⽤⽂体7.1应⽤⽂体的特点及汉译要点Ⅰ.试将下列⼴告语译成汉语。
1.Not all cars created equal.(⽇本三菱汽车⼴告)【译⽂】独⼀⽆⼆,三菱汽车。
2.You know who you are.(法国Peugeot汽车⼴告)【译⽂】标致,只有⾃⼰知道。
3.Now you can have your cake and diet too.(蛋糕⼴告)【译⽂】有了减肥蛋糕,还犹豫什么,开动吧!4.A deal with us means a good deal to you.(百货公司⼴告)【译⽂】与我们交易,您受益良多。
5.Give a SEIKO to all,and to all a good time.(⽇本精⼯⼿表⼴告)【译⽂】精致时间,精⼯打造。
6.Would you be more careful if it was you that got pregnant?【译⽂】换做是你怀孕了,你会更为谨慎吗?7.If you are what you eat,a visit to North Carolina could make you a veryinteresting person,indeed.【译⽂】⾷物造就⼈的品质,北卡罗来纳成就您的康乐。
8.The driver is safer when the road is dry;the road is safer when the driver is dry.(交通⼴告)【译⽂】道路不沾⽔,司机更安全;司机不沾酒,道路更安全。
9.No Excuses,Guaranteed,Best for Quality,Always Available,Right Price,At YourService.(ASDA超市⼴告)【译⽂】顾客⾄上,放⼼产品,质量最佳,⽅便实⽤,价格合理,竭诚服务。
公文文体与翻译
– Introduce your topic – You need to explain your topic to those people who do
not know about it. Do not go into the details, simple definition is enough. This speech element is required. – Explain your point – This is where you explain your view in detail.
PATHOS ——represents the emotion in argument
pathos最初源于希腊语,其原始含义表示 “to suffer, endure”。当人有了情绪(如愤 怒 、 同 情 、 恐 惧 等 ) , 身 体 就 在 suffer 和 endure。我们会说情绪致病也是这个道理。
Nov. 2015
Informative Speech Persuasive Speech Argumentative Speech Demonstration Speech Policy Speech Research Paper
– The biography of your favorite actor – How to make pizza – The history of comic books – How to change your car’s oil – The story of how your school was founded – How to pick a bottle of wine – The history of your hometown – How to swing a golf club – Trends in the stock market – How to drive a stick-shift – History of a favorite product brand – How to shoot a basketball – Description of life in another country – How to weave a basket
文体和翻译分类及特点
第三节 商务文体的特点
商务文体的分类
分类:常见的商务文体有商务信函、 商业协议、商业合同、广告、单证和 商务演说词等,均属于应用文体的范 畴
商务英语的主要文体特征及翻译
商务英语的主要文体特征:
1.内容的专业性
商务文本在内容上具有比较明显的专业特 征。商务语境决定或制约着部分词汇具有 其特殊的商务语义。对此,译者充分认识 到商务词汇对语境的依赖性,不要将其混 同于一般词汇。 普通英语中“balance”, “quote”的通常含义分别为“平衡”、 “引用”,但在商务语境中,它们却有着 特殊的含义。
散文文体翻译举例:
The wind has gently murmured through the blinds, or puffed with feathery softness against the windows, and occasionally sighed like a summer zephyr lifting the leaves along, the livelong night.
the above shipment. 请回答我方要不要对上述货物保险。 请答复我方是否对上述货物保险。
3.语句的简明性
简洁明快性是商务文本的另一个文体特点, 主要表现在商务信函中多使用简洁句、简 短并列句和简短复合句。
Байду номын сангаас
译例:
In reply to your inquiry of 25th March, we are pleased to offer you the following:
每个作者还会有不同的风格,也会体现在 文体上。
法律文体 公文文体 新闻文体 书信体 文学文体 韵文 散文 说明文
“文体与翻译”课程教学大纲
“文体与翻译”课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息开课单位:翻译学院课程名称:文体与翻译课程编号:223111英文名称:Stylistics and Translation课程类型:专业拓展课总学时: 36 理论学时:20 实验学时: 16学分: 2开设专业:翻译先修课程:英汉笔译(223102)、汉英笔译(223103)二、课程任务目标(一)课程任务本课程是一门英语翻译类的专业必修课,也是翻译专业学生学习和掌握不同文体文本翻译的主要课程。
本课程的任务是使学生从实践的角度出发,在理论和实践上掌握不同文本类型在语言特征、交际重点、表现方式等方面的差异,培养学生从宏观上掌握文本特征的意识,并增强在翻译实践中处理具体的翻译问题的能力。
(二)课程目标在学完本课程之后,学生能够:1.了解文体翻译的研究内容和发展;2. 了解新闻、政论文体的语言特征和交际重点,掌握并灵活运用翻译技巧处理新闻文本的翻译问题;3. 了解商务文体的语言特征和交际重点,掌握并灵活运用翻译技巧处理商务文本的翻译问题;4. 了解法律文体的语言特征和交际重点,掌握并灵活运用翻译技巧处理法律文本的翻译问题;5. 了解文学文体的语言特征和交际重点,掌握并灵活运用翻译技巧处理文学文本的翻译问题;6. 学会翻译中的团队合作。
三、教学内容和要求(一)理论教学的内容及要求第一章文体翻译简介1. 了解文体的概念;2. 理解不同的文体分类,掌握实用文体和文学文体的区别。
第二章新闻翻译1.了解新闻文体特征;2.理解新闻文体的翻译原则,掌握新闻文体的翻译策略。
第三章政论文翻译1.了解政论文的文体特征和翻译特点;2.理解政论文翻译的四大原则,掌握政论文体的翻译策略。
第四章商务翻译1. 了解商务文体特征以及常见商务文本形似;2. 理解商务英语的翻译原则,掌握常用商务术语的翻译和商务文本的翻译策略。
第五章旅游翻译1. 了解旅游文本的分类和特性;2. 理解旅游翻译的原则和标准,掌握初阶和进阶水平的旅游文本翻译方法。
刘宓庆《文体与翻译》(第2版)配套题库-新闻报刊文体【圣才出品】
第二章新闻报刊文体2.1 新闻用词的特点及汉译要点Practice 1The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more elemental dangers that can threaten economic activity on the crowded and seismically vulnerable Japanese archipelago. Weighing the full implications of the natural disaster will take time. Yet the earthquake at the very least throws a huge question mark over an economic recovery that economists had hoped would gather steam in 2011 after stalling in the last three months of 2010. Although the areas worst hit are far less economically significant than the coastal industry zones, which suffered widespread stoppages after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the disaster could heighten recent uncertainty among consumers and investors about the prospects for Japan’s continued recovery from its worst postwar recession.Learning from the lessons of the devastating disaster in 1995, the government and insurance companies have been actively encouraging even smaller companies to draw up detailed “business continuity plans” intended to minimize losses and aid quick recoveries. In the longer term, the earthquake is certain to force heavy spending on construction and public works in the affected region. The terrifyingfootage of tsunami carrying away whole buildings makes it clear that dealing with the damage will require huge effort and heavy investment. (212 words)【译文】今年年初,一场强地震重创了日本东北部宫城地区海岸。
翻译与文体
Defense lawyer: If I may quickly ask my learned collegue to which materials he is referring here. …Your Lordship, Mr. Cardiff previously brought suit— brought successufl suit—against the publisher of that very book. It has been deemed libelous and therefore cannot be mensioned in these proceedings.
其妻曰:“君美甚,徐公何能及君也?” 他的妻子说:“您非常俊美,徐先生怎么能比得上您呢?”
他老婆答道:“你美呆了!姓徐的哪比得过你啊?” 他老婆答道:“你绝对更潇洒!姓徐的给你擦鞋都不够格!/ 姓徐的在你面前会被羞死!” 他老婆回答说:“你酷多了!徐先生跟你不在一个档次上。 他老婆回答说:“你素小帅锅!徐先僧比不过你哦!”
我与艾米订过契约,契约规定我有义务与其交谈,并随意地进行肢体接 触,但契约中并无一处规定我不可将此项义务承包给一位印度人。
I promise Amy that I will talk to her and touch her, but I didn’t say I can’t ask an Indian to do it for me. 我答应艾米要经常跟她聊天,要亲近她,但我没说我不能让一位印度人 代替我做。
Intimate (private. Family members, intimate people) Virginia: This is bad. This is really bad. I’m freakin’ out a little bit, Burt. I’m not doing well with this. Think of something. How are we goin’ to fix this— think. Burt: You know I can’t think on a demand like that. Virginia: Think. Burt: Crap. Stop saying “think”. Every time you say “think”, all I can think is the word “think”, and it fills up my whole brain. (Virginia: All right, all right.) Think, think, think. It keeps changing colors and sizes. I can’t get past it.
文体学与翻译
文体学与翻译文体学是研究文本语言运用情况的学科,从而探讨文本语言的构成、特点、规律和效果。
而翻译作为跨文化交流的重要手段,也需要深入了解文体学知识,以更好地理解和传达文本的语言特点和效果。
本文将从文体学与翻译的关系、文体学对翻译的指导作用以及文体学在翻译实践中的应用等方面展开讨论。
文体学是研究文本语言运用情况的学科,而翻译则是将一种语言的文本转化成另一种语言的过程。
文体学与翻译之间存在着密切的关系,因为不同的文体具有不同的语言特点和语言规律,而翻译的目的就是将原文的语言特点和效果在译文中得以保留和再现。
翻译者需要在翻译时深入了解原文的文体特点,从而更好地把握译文的语言风格和表现效果。
只有深入了解原文的文体特点,才能更好地进行翻译,使译文更加贴近原文的语言风格和表现效果。
二、文体学对翻译的指导作用文体学对翻译具有重要的指导作用。
文体学可以帮助翻译者更好地把握原文的语言特点和表现效果。
不同的文体具有不同的语言风格和表现方式,对于翻译者来说,只有深入了解原文的文体特点,才能更好地把握译文的语言风格和表现效果,从而实现译文的准确传达和再现。
文体学可以帮助翻译者更好地选择合适的翻译策略。
在翻译过程中,翻译者需要根据原文的文体特点和表现效果来选择合适的翻译策略,以保证译文的语言风格和表现效果与原文一致。
文体学的知识可以帮助翻译者更好地理解原文的文体特点,从而更好地选择合适的翻译策略,实现译文的准确传达和再现。
文体学对翻译具有重要的指导作用。
三、文体学在翻译实践中的应用文体学与翻译之间存在着密切的关系,文体学对翻译具有重要的指导作用,并且在翻译实践中具有重要的应用价值。
在翻译实践中,翻译者需要深入了解文体学知识,以更好地把握原文的语言特点和表现效果,从而实现译文的准确传达和再现。
希望未来能够有更多的翻译者深入研究文体学知识,并将其运用到实际的翻译实践中,从而提高翻译质量,促进跨文化交流与理解。
文体与翻译
英汉对比与翻译从本质上来看,我国传统翻译理论大都是经验型的,而新兴的翻译学理论无一不以对比语言学为理论指导和出发点,因为只有对比研究才能提供关于双语异同的比较准确的认识,从而使翻译研究减少盲目性。
(潘文国,2002:10)开放型综合性学科的翻译学架构可分为“内部系统”(internal scheme)与“外部系统”(external scheme)两个结构体系。
其中翻译学内部系统的核心是翻译理论,翻译的理论体系包括五个组成部分:翻译基本理论、翻译方法论、翻译程序论、翻译风格论、翻译教学法研究。
翻译学的外部结构系统包括三个次系统(subschemes):哲学思维系统、语言符号系统、社会文化系统。
(刘宓庆,1999:17)翻译学的“外部系统”实际上又是翻译学的基础理论系统。
该系统全面反映了对比研究,尤其是对比语言学和符号学与翻译实践的关系。
由于“英汉翻译”和“汉英翻译”的差异,“英汉对比翻译研究”又可以分为“英—汉对比翻译研究”和“汉—英对比翻译研究”,本课程专门研究“汉英对比翻译”理论、方法论与实践问题,旨在创建符合汉英翻译规律的“汉—英对比翻译研究”,从而为大学英语专业“汉英翻译”教学提供建立在汉英系统性对比基础上的与汉英翻译实践紧密联系的汉英翻译理论与方法论。
本课程共分九个部分:一、汉英对比翻译研究导论二、汉英语言类型对比与翻译三、汉英语义对比与翻译四、汉英句法对比与翻译五、汉英语篇衔接对比与翻译六、汉英修辞对比与翻译七、汉英文化对比与翻译八、汉英对比与文体翻译九、应用汉英对比翻译研究其中第一部分为汉英对比翻译研究导论,第二至第八部分为理论汉英对比翻译研究,第九部分为应用汉英对比翻译研究。
此外各部分基本上均配有翻译实践原文,并提供参考译文。
首先,从语言形态学分类来看,汉语是分析型(Analytic)为主的语言,即语法关系主要不是通过词本身的形态来表达,而是通过虚词、词序等手段来表达。
英语是从综合型(Synthetic)向分析型语言发展的语言,即英语主要通过词本身的形态变化来表达语法意义。
英语实用文体及其翻译
英语实用文体格式及翻译信函信头-Heading(寄信人地址和日期)信内地址-Inside Address(收信人姓名和地址)称呼-Salutation(对收信人的称谓)正文-Body结束语-Complimentary Closing(写信人谦称)签名-Signature附件-Postscript又及-Enclosure/p.s(用于补漏)Dear Helen,It’s been a few months since I last heard from you. I wonder if you have received the letter and the parcel I sent you last month. The parcel contained several articles you might be interested in. Please let me know whether you have received it or not.Paul has found a new job in a computer company. We are thinking about moving into a bigger house sincethe present one seems a bit too crowded.Please remember us to all our old friends. Best wishes to all of you.With love,Linda 亲爱的海伦:有好几个月没有收到你的信了。
不知道你有没有收到我上个月寄给你的信和包裹。
包裹里有几样你也许会感兴趣的东西。
请让我知道你有没有收到它。
保罗在一家电脑公司找到了一份新工作。
我们正在考虑搬到一栋大一点的房子里去,因为目前住的房子好象太挤了一点。
替我们向所有的老朋友问好。
给你们所有人最好的祝福。
爱你的,琳达请假条Class 1, Grade 1May 14To Department OfficeSecretary GlennDear Madam,I beg to apply for three day’ leave of absence from the 15th to the 17th instant, both days inclusive, in order to return to my hometown to attend my grandpa’funeral, who passed away yesterday.To support my application, I herewith submit a telegram to that effect sending by my father.Should be very much obliged if you will grant me my application.Yours respectfully,Jack Smith 系办公室秘书格兰女士:因祖父昨日去世,特请假三日,自本月15日起至17日止,以便回老家参加葬礼。
文体与翻译
文体与翻译一.理论链接到20世纪80年代,随着系统功能语言学的发展,人们从语言功能的角度把与之相对的是传达有较强情感意义和文体学的研究在于:1. 分析各种语言习惯,以便确定哪些特征经常地或仅仅应用于某些场合;2. 尽可能地说明为什么某种文体具有这些特征,而不具备另一些特征;3. 以语言功能为依据,对这些特征进行分类。
(方梦之、毛忠明,2006)1. 语言描写在各个的分析层次,又以同类文献或语料作归纳;2. 语言比较不仅在不同文体间进行,也在同一文体的不同文献品种和体裁之间进行,以便借此找出它们之间的对应关系、共同来源和发展趋向;3.特征之一。
在整个语言系统中,各种文体的同大于异。
许多语言现象或修辞手段不是此有彼无,而是出现频率大小的问题。
当然界限分明的情况也是有修辞手段等风格要素的系列。
二.实用文体的体系ESP:20世纪60年代,“专门用途英语”(English for Specific Purposes/ESP)课程应运而生,其目的和内容不是以普通教育的标准为依据来确定的,ESP又包括科技英语(EST)、商业经济英语(EBE)和社会科学英语(ESS)EAP EOP)两部分。
科技英语(EST)✧学术英语:医学英语工程学英语计算机英语化学英语✧职业英语:护理英语工程师英语计算机操作英语实验员英语商业经济英语(EBE)✧学术英语:经济学英语经贸英语会计学英语✧职业英语:会计英语秘书英语外销员英语社会科学英语(ESS)✧学术英语:法律英语新闻英语图书馆学英语✧职业英语:法官英语记者英语图书馆管理员英语实用文体的全部内容。
三.实用文体的翻译要求通达:经常要采用引申、增词、减词、调整词序等手法进行变通。
适切:不可行,现在要求质量好、速度快。
四.译者的职业素质钱钟书:“一国文字和另一国文字之间也不会没有距离,译者的理解和文风跟原作品的内容和形式之间也不会没有距离,而且译者的体会和他自己的表达能力之间还时常有距离。
刘宓庆《文体与翻译》(第2版)配套题库(第7~8章)【圣才出品】
刘宓庆《文体与翻译》(第2版)配套题库第七章应用文体7.1应用文体的特点及汉译要点Ⅰ.试将下列广告语译成汉语。
1.Not all cars created equal.(日本三菱汽车广告)【译文】独一无二,三菱汽车。
2.You know who you are.(法国Peugeot汽车广告)【译文】标致,只有自己知道。
3.Now you can have your cake and diet too.(蛋糕广告)【译文】有了减肥蛋糕,还犹豫什么,开动吧!4.A deal with us means a good deal to you.(百货公司广告)【译文】与我们交易,您受益良多。
5.Give a SEIKO to all,and to all a good time.(日本精工手表广告)【译文】精致时间,精工打造。
6.Would you be more careful if it was you that got pregnant?【译文】换做是你怀孕了,你会更为谨慎吗?7.If you are what you eat,a visit to North Carolina could make you a veryinteresting person,indeed.【译文】食物造就人的品质,北卡罗来纳成就您的康乐。
8.The driver is safer when the road is dry;the road is safer when the driver is dry.(交通广告)【译文】道路不沾水,司机更安全;司机不沾酒,道路更安全。
9.No Excuses,Guaranteed,Best for Quality,Always Available,Right Price,At YourService.(ASDA超市广告)【译文】顾客至上,放心产品,质量最佳,方便实用,价格合理,竭诚服务。
刘宓庆《文体与翻译》(第2版)配套题库(含考研真题)
目 录绪论第一章 理解与翻译第二章 新闻报刊文体2.1 新闻用词的特点及汉译要点2.2 英汉语序对比及翻译第三章 论述文体3.1 论述文体的特点及翻译要点3.2 常见的译词法3.3 译词要点第四章 公文文体4.1 公文文体特点及翻译要点4.2 常见的英语长句、难句汉译法第五章 描写及叙述文体5.1 描写及叙述文体的特点及翻译要点5.2 情态动词的翻译5.3 句子的情态翻译第六章 科技文体6.1 科技文体的特点及翻译要点6.2 英语动词的翻译6.3 被动语态的翻译6.4 连词的翻译6.5 英语计数的汉译第七章 应用文体7.1 应用文体的特点及汉译要点7.2 代词的汉译7.3 介词、冠词及名词数的汉译第八章 翻译三论绪论Ⅰ. 将下列词语译成汉语1. bilingualism【译文】双语学2. stylistics【译文】文体学3. semiotics【译文】符号学4. structuralism【译文】结构主义5. constituent analysis【译文】成分分析6. phrase structure analysis【译文】短语结构分析7. semantic field【译文】语义场8. transformational-generative grammar【译文】转换生成语法9. register【译文】语域10. discourse analysis【译文】篇章分析11. SL【译文】源语12. TL【译文】译入语13. syntactic description【译文】句法描写Ⅱ. 判断下列表述正(T)误(F)1. 结构主义是20世纪50年代中期以后欧美句法研究的主流。
【答案】F结构主义是20世纪50年代中期以前欧美句法研究的主流。
其关注的中心是“成分分【解析】析”,即将句子切分为短语为单位的“结构体”,如名词短语、动词短语等,以此构成句子的结构树形图,从而使句子在结构上成为“可认识的客体”。
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文体与翻译31文体与翻译Style and TranslationCourse: style and translationLecturer: Wen YueeCONTENTSHistory of translationTranslation of Modern Essays罗新璋曾不无感慨地说: 不懂钱锺书, 罗新璋曾不无感慨地说:"不懂钱锺书,是国人的悲哀;不识钱氏译艺谈,也是译界的不幸. 的悲哀;不识钱氏译艺谈,也是译界的不幸."在《林纾的翻译》一文中,钱锺书先生提出了著名的文学林纾的翻译》一文中, 翻译"化境" 翻译"化境"论,即:"文学翻译的最高理想可以说是把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字, '化'.把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹, 语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原有的风味,那就算得入于'化境'".(1997 269) '"First impressions are often lasting ones. Indeed, if you play your cards right, you can enjoy the benefits of what sociologists call the "halo effect." This means that if you're viewed positively within the critical first few minutes, the person you've met will likely assume everything you do is positive.How you move and gesture will greatly influence an interviewer's first impression of you. In a landmark study of communications, psychologists discovered that seven percent of any message about our feelings and attitudes comes from the words we use,38 percent from our voice, and a startling 55 percent from our facial expressions. In fact, when our facial expression or tone of voice conflicts with our words, the listener will typically put more weight on the nonverbal message.To make your first encounter a positive one, start with a firm handshake. If the interviewer doesn't initiate the gesture, offer your hand first. Whenever you have a choice of seats, select a chair beside his or her desk, as opposed to one across from it. That way there are no barriers between the two of you and the effect is somewhat less confrontational. If you must sit facing the desk, shift your chair slightly as you sit down, or angle your body in the chair so you're not directly in front of your interviewer.Monitor your body language to make sure you don't seem too desperate for the job, or too eager to please. Keep a Poker face in businesssituations. Inappropriate smiling is the most common example of a nonverbal behavior that undercuts verbal messages--making you appear weak and unassertive. Good eye contact is also important. One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are perceived as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.第一印象常常是持久的印象.的确,如果处理得当, 第一印象常常是持久的印象.的确,如果处理得当,你就能有幸获得社会学家称之为"光环效应"带来的种种好处. 能有幸获得社会学家称之为"光环效应"带来的种种好处. 这就是说, 这就是说,要是在一开始关键的几分钟里你就给人留下好的印象,初遇者就可能认为你办的事件件都好. 的印象,初遇者就可能认为你办的事件件都好.你的一举一动都会大大影响你给面试者的第一印象. 你的一举一动都会大大影响你给面试者的第一印象.在有关人际交流的一项意义重大的研究中心理学家发现, 流的一项意义重大的研究中心理学家发现,关于情感和态度的信息来自我们的语言文字, 38%来自我们的语音,而惊人的是, 有7% 来自我们的语言文字,有38%来自我们的语音,而惊人的是, 竟有55 来自我们的面部表情.事实上, 55% 竟有55%来自我们的面部表情.事实上,如果面部表情或说话语调与我们所说的话发生矛盾时,听者通常会更加看重那些非语言信息. 与我们所说的话发生矛盾时,听者通常会更加看重那些非语言信息.为了使第一次面试成功,一开始的握手要坚定有力. 为了使第一次面试成功,一开始的握手要坚定有力.如果面试者没有主动伸出手来,你就主动先把手伸出来. 试者没有主动伸出手来,你就主动先把手伸出来.要是可以选择座位的话,要坐在面试者桌子的侧面, 选择座位的话,要坐在面试者桌子的侧面,而不要坐在正对这样坐法你们中间就没有障碍了, 面.这样坐法你们中间就没有障碍了,而且在一定程度上起到减少对立的作用.如果你只能坐在桌子对面, 到减少对立的作用.如果你只能坐在桌子对面,那么坐的时候把椅子稍微挪一下或者把身体坐的角度偏一点, 候把椅子稍微挪一下或者把身体坐的角度偏一点,这样你就不是正对着面试者了. 不是正对着面试者了.要注意你的形体语言,千万不要表现得对这份工作迫不及待, 要注意你的形体语言,千万不要表现得对这份工作迫不及待, 也不要表现得急于讨好别人. 也不要表现得急于讨好别人.要保持一种办理公事时一本正经的神态.非语言行为可削弱语言信息的力量, 经的神态.非语言行为可削弱语言信息的力量,从而使你显得优柔寡断缺乏自信, 得优柔寡断缺乏自信,而不合时宜的微笑就是一个最为常见的例子.良好的目光交流也非常重要.有一项研究发现, 的例子.良好的目光交流也非常重要.有一项研究发现,多用目光进行交流的求职者可给人以更为机警,可靠, 用目光进行交流的求职者可给人以更为机警,可靠, 自信,负责的印象. 自信,负责的印象.一、科技英语特点1. 以客观陈述为主,较多使用被动句.科技人员在研究和解决科技问题时重视事物本身的客观规律,主观事实和方法,性能和特征,在讨论科技问题是力求客观而准确的陈述,因此,在科技文献中通常以非人称的语气作客观的叙述,从而较多使用被动句.例如:The length of the polymer chain is specified by the number of repeat units in the chain. This is called the degree of polymerization. Unlike many products whose structure and reactions were well known before their industrial application, some polymers were produced on an industrial scale long before their chemistry or physics was studied.2. 大量使用科技词语.科技文献中除了使用各学科专用的科技词语外,还广泛使用各学科通用的半科技词语和书面的非科技词语. 专用的科技词语仅用于某个学科或专业的词汇或术语. 半科技词语指那些日常用于英语,但又是科技英语中常用的那些词汇.例:reaction.书面非科技词语指主要用于科技英语但却严格地属于非科技性质的词语. 例: apply, to yield, generation, available, at the rate of 按~~~的比率,以~~~速度 in terms of 用,借助于 Back in the order of 大约。
3. 表达方式程式化.文章结构程式化:标题,摘要,正文(引言,论述, 结论). 介绍某个过程或功能及达到某种目标时,一般利用动词不定式短语构成目的状语,放在句子的开头.例: To increase the rate of reaction, a catalyst is used. 简述实验结果时,往往在句首使用引导词 it 作形式主语,构成被动句, It was found the rate of follow was improved by increasing the pressure.4. 大量使用非谓语动词,名词及介词短语.非谓语动词作定语,可明确所描述对象. 利用非谓语动词构成的各种短语代替句子中的从句或分句,可使句子简练. 句或分句,可使句子简练.例: Polypropylene (聚丙烯) is the second resin in the family of polyolefins composed of long chain saturated hydrocarbons. (聚烯烃)5. 条件句较多.科技英语中常须提出假设和推理,因而条件句使用得较多. 一般条件句由两个句子组成: 表示假设条件的"if"从句在前,后面主句说明该条件得到满足时的推论或后续步骤. If a polymer sample is cooled rapidly to a temperature just below Tg, its volume continues to decrease for many hours. Glass transition temperature =T.G 玻璃化温度6、复杂的长句较多.Configurational isomerism is then due to the presence in the molecule of one or more dissymmetric centers, in the simplest case asymmetric carbon atoms, each of which can have (R) and (S) absolute configuration; and, or, to the presence of double blonds which can the presence of double blonds which can give cis- and transgeometrical isomers(几何异构体). (几何异构体)7、句子结构严谨合理.科技英语要求客观性,准确性和严密性,既满足语法修辞的要求,又符合逻辑和客观实际.具体根据句子中表达的具体概念分别采用主从结构和平行结构. 主从结构:两个以上不同概念,而不同等重要的成分, 重要成分成主句. 如:(1) The crude petroleum oil obtained from ( ) well consists of a mixture of hydro-carbons each of which is a chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen. (2)The crude petroleum oil obtained from well) consists of hydro-carbons and each of these is a chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen.8. 省略句较多(1) 并列复合句中的省略.在并列复合句中,各句里的相同成分——主、谓、或宾可予以省略. 例:Low density polyethylene has a crystallinity( 晶状体球蛋白 ) ( 晶状体球蛋白) range of 65 percent, and high density polyethylene (has a crystallinity range) of 85 percent.(2) 定语从句中的省略.由关联词which 或that 引出的定语从句,通常可将关联词和从句谓语中的助动词(当从句被动语态时)省略,只留下作定语用的分词短语,如: Vinyl resins ( 乙烯树脂 ) cover a broad group of materials (that are) derived from the "vinyl" radical.(3) 其他省略句.在特定句型中,常可省略一些句子成分. 如: The smaller the particles (are ), the more freely do they move.(4) 一些固定的省略句型:As described above 如前所述 If possible 如可能的(话) As indicated in Fig.I 如图I所示 If required 需要时,如果需要(的话) As noted later 如后所述,从下文可以看出 When in use 在使用时,当工作时 As previously mentioned 前已提及 When necessary 当必要时,如有必要 When needed 如果需要(的话) As shown in table X 如表X所示 If necessary 如有必要二,科技英语翻译的一般知识1、翻译的任务:注重逻辑思维,讲究语言上的规范, 表达上的妥达和译文的流畅.2、翻译的标准:确切性是翻译的总标准.信:忠实原文. 达:通顺,译文通俗易懂. 雅:修辞.辞藻优美,语言精练. 还须做到: 明确: 技术内容上忠实于原文,表达清楚不可模棱两可. 通顺: 合乎中文的语法要求,顺口. 简练: 尽可能简短,精练,不重复罗嗦.3、翻译的过程:理解,表达,校核三个阶段.1)深刻理解原文,精通专业知识. 例:yield, 一般"产量",林业中译作"收获量",造纸业"得率",塑料工业中译作"屈服" 或挤出量.2) 确切的表达译文:不折不扣,恰如其分,明确通顺.3)校核阶段:对内容进一步核实,对语言进行推敲,进行必要的润色加工,尽量删去那些不必要的字.Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem. Dilute 稀释There are two ways by which the pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products. Manure粪便 Effluent污水将来水的问题会变得更加尖锐复杂. 将来水的问题会变得更加尖锐复杂.不断增长的人口将大量增加城市废物,主要是生活污水.另一方面, 增加城市废物,主要是生活污水.另一方面,用水需求的不断增长将使得可用于稀释废水的水量大大减少. 断增长将使得可用于稀释废水的水量大大减少.快速发展的工业越来越多地采用各种复杂的化学方法, 工业越来越多地采用各种复杂的化学方法,从而使废水大量增多,而很多废水中含有种种有害的化学物质. 增多,而很多废水中含有种种有害的化学物质.为了养活迅速增长的人口,农业必须集约化, 速增长的人口,农业必须集约化,这就会不断增加农用化学品的用量.由此看来, 品的用量.由此看来,必须立即采取果断行动研究污染问题的整治措施. 的整治措施.整治污染问题的方法有两种. 整治污染问题的方法有两种.第一种是通过废物处理减少污染的危害,包括固体废物排放"之前" 少污染的危害,包括固体废物排放"之前"的处理和液体废物或污水的处理, 体废物或污水的处理,从而实现水的循环利用或者尽量降低最终排放前的污染程度. 降低最终排放前的污染程度.第二种方法是开发全部或部分废物的经济利用. 第二种方法是开发全部或部分废物的经济利用.农田中施用农家肥补充肥分或有机肥. 补充肥分或有机肥.有些地区使用污水处理厂排放的污水进行灌溉施其他水处理厂排出的废水也可用作补充水源.现在, 肥.其他水处理厂排出的废水也可用作补充水源.现在,禽肉加工等许多行业正在把原先废弃的下脚料加工成可供出售的副产品, 许多行业正在把原先废弃的下脚料加工成可供出售的副产品,其他行业也在研究废弃物的经济利用可能途径. 业也在研究废弃物的经济利用可能途径.蜗居在巷陌的寻常幸福隐逸的生活似乎在传统意识中一直被认为是幸福的至高境界.但这种孤傲遁世同时也是孤独的,纯粹的隐者实属少数,而少数者的满足不能用来解读普世的幸福模样. 有道是小隐隐于野,大隐隐于市.真正的幸福并不隐逸,可以在街市而不是丛林中去寻找. 晨光,透过古色古香的雕花窗棂,给庭院里精致的盆景慢慢地化上一抹金黄的淡妆.那煎鸡蛋的"刺啦"声袅袅升起,空气中开始充斥着稚嫩的童音,汽车启动的节奏,夫妻间甜蜜的道别,还有邻居们简单朴素的问好.巷陌中的这一切,忙碌却不混乱,活泼却不嘈杂,平淡却不厌烦.如果用一双细腻的眼眸去观照,其实每一片青苔和爬山虎占据的墙角,都是墨绿色的诗篇,不会飘逸,不会豪放,只是那种平淡的幸福, 简简单单. 幸福是什么模样,或许并不难回答.幸福就是一本摊开的诗篇, 关于在城市的天空下,那些寻常巷陌的诗. 夜幕笼罩,那散落一地的万家灯火中,有多少寻常的幸福正蜗居在巷陌……Head up high 昂起你的头I was fifteen months old, a happy carefree kid until the day I fell. It was a bad fall. I landed on a glass rabbit which cut my eye badly enough to blind it. Trying to save the eye, the doctors stitched the eyeball together where it was cut, leaving a big ugly scar in the middle of my eye. The attempt failed, but my mama, in all of her wisdom, found a doctor who knew that if the eye were removed entirely, my face would grow up badly distorted, so my scarred, sightless, cloudy and gray eye lived on with me. And as I grew, this sightless eye in so many ways controlled me.I walked with my face looking at the floor so people would not see the ugly me. Sometimes people, even strangers, asked me embarrassing questions or made hurtful remarks. When the kids played games, I was always the "monster." I grew up imagining that everyone looked at me with disdain, as if my appearance were my fault. I always felt like I was a freak. Yet Mama would say to me, at every turn, "Hold your head up high and face the world." It became a litany that I relied on. She had started when I was young. She would hold me in her arms and stroke my hair and say, "If you hold your head up high, it will be okay, and people will see your beautiful soul." She continued this message whenever I wanted to hide.Those words have meant different things to me over the years. As a little child, I thought Mama meant, "Be careful or you will fall down or bump into something because you are not looking." As an adolescent, even though I tended to look down to hide my shame, I found that sometimes when I held my head up high and let people know me, they liked me. My mama's words helped me begin to realize that by letting people look at my face, I let them recognize the intelligence and beauty behind both eyes even if they couldn't see it on the surface.In high school I was successful both academically and socially. I was even elected class president, but on the inside I still felt like a freak. All I really wanted was to look like everyone else. When things got really bad, I would cry to my mama and she would look at me with loving eyes and say, "Hold your head up high and face the world. Let them see the beauty that is inside."When I met the man who became my partner for life, we looked each other straight in the eye, and he told me I was beautiful inside and out. He meant it. My mama's love and encouragement were the spark that gave me the confidence to overcome my own doubt. I had faced adversity, encountered my problems head on, and learned not only to appreciate myself but to have deep compassion for others."Hold your head up high," has been heard many times in my home. Each of my children has felt its invitation. The gift my Back mama gave me lives on in another generation.。