[Chinese Translation – 中译本]
叙述学视角下中文小说引语形式的英译——以中文短篇小说《星期六》英译为例
摘 要本文以中文短篇小说《星期六》英译本为例，系统探讨了叙述学理论在中文引语形式英译中的应用。
小说中作者通过使用不同引语形式，达到控制叙述节奏、塑造人物性格的目的，因此本研究在叙述学理论的指导下对小说的引语形式进行分析，有助于理解不同引语形式的使用意图。
本文将理论和译例紧密结合，系统探讨在叙述学理论指导下中文小说引语形式的英译技巧。
通过翻译实践和理论分析发现，各引语形式在译文中均可保持其原本的引语形式，但在具体语境下，为保持原作的整体风格、加快叙述节奏、凸显人物性格、减轻读者阅读压力，以期最大程度再现原文的写作风貌和叙事风格，并增强译文的可读性，源语文本的一些引语形式可以其他形式在译文中呈现，具体发现如下：首先，源语文本中间接引语引导词之后的引语内容过长，语境重心易出现偏移，导致话语掌握权由叙述者转向人物，可翻译为自由间接引语、直接引语，甚至自由直接引语，淡化叙述者的声音，拉近读者与人物的距离，增强表达效果。
其次，翻译直接引语时，若引语内容所处语境以间接叙述为主，整体叙述节奏较快，且引语内容较短，无法起到塑造人物性格的作用，可将直接引语转化为言语行为的叙述体或者间接引语，加快叙述速度，保持语言的简洁性。
再次，由于两可型为汉语所特有的引语形式，翻译时要结合具体语境进行分析，若人物的声音更突出，则宜译为直接引语或自由直接引语；若整体叙述节奏较快，人物在语境中的主体角色弱化，则宜加快叙述速度，增强译文的节俭性，译为间接引语或自由间接引语。
最后，在引语内容翻译上要注意翻译技巧的使用。
本文主要采用异化、归化、显化、省略、语序调整等翻译措施，以期最大程度再现原文的写作风貌和叙事风格。
其中，归化法可妥善处理汉语的特色口语和习语，降低理解难度；显化法是指增添汉语中隐化的逻辑词，重组句子结构，使译文符合英语表达；省略法则用来处理源文引语中较为冗余的部分，增强译文可读性；调整语序可逻辑整合源文中的流水句，使译文更符合目的语特色。
Robert Frost_罗伯弗罗斯特_诗集_中译
英文原文﹕
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;
And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I marked the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way I doubted if I should ever come back.
Something there is that doesn't love a wall,
有什麼礙著不適合用牆，
That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it,
把冰凍的地潮往它的底下凝漲，
And spills the upper boulders in the sun;
Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that, the passing there Had worn them really about the same,
中英笔译一ChineseEnglishTranslationI.ppt
8
Everyday Idioms慣用語/俚語
• be a rip-off/be highway robbery • You shouldn’t shop at that store because the prices are a rip-
off. • sooner or later • It seems like it’s been raining for days, but it’ll stop sooner or
分之四十。 • 這茶几長十五吋，寬兩呎，高三呎。
6
Everyday Idioms慣用語/俚語
• graveyard shift • He works the graveyard shift at the factory so that he can go to
school during the night. • ride shotgun • If you’d like drive now, I don’t mind riding shotgun. • crank call • I hung up the phone right away when I realized that it was a
中英筆譯(一)
Chinese-English Translation (I)
2009 Fall Semester Instructor: Ying-Ying Chuang Department of Applied Foreign Languages
Cheng Shiu University
1
An Introduction of Translation 翻譯導論
agricultural exports. • moonlight stroll
版ISDA主协议中英文对照
ISDA®International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.2002 MASTER AGREEMENTdated as of................................................(仅供参考)*ISDA®国际掉期及衍生工具协会2002年主协议_____年_____月_____日______________________ and ______________________________________________与______________________have entered and/or anticipate entering into one or more transactions (each a “Transaction”) that are or will be governed by this 2002 Master Agreement, which includes the schedule (the “Schedule”), and the documents and other confirming evidence (each a “Confirmation”) exchanged between the parties or otherwise effective for the purpose of confirming or evidencing those Transactions. This 2002 Master Agreement and the Schedule are together referred to as this “Master Agreement”.之间已进行及/或预期进行受本2002年主协议规范(或将为其规范)之一笔或多笔交易(均称为“交易”)；本主协议包括附约(以下简称“附约”)以及双方间另交换或为确认或证明该等交易使其生效之文件和其它确认证据(均称为“确认书”)。
CHINESE-TRANS Test_translation译文
Section 1, MarketingThe future is exciting at EF!EF的未来令人兴奋不已！EF Education First is the world’s largest language education company, with schools and offices in over 50 countries. EF was established in 1965 with the mission to break down the barriers in language, culture, and geography. For over 45 years our success as a language organization has come from our passion to deliver the highest calibre courses available. We offer study abroad programs for all ages and all levels. This year we are excited to announce the launch of a new version of our revoluti onary EF Efekta™ System, complete with new and updated course books and new interactive activities in our iLab language labs. We have also introduced the EFCELT language test, developed through our exclusive collaboration with the University of Cambridge. EF continues to fundamentally improve the way students learn a language.EF英孚教育是世界最大的语言教育机构，英孚教育在50多个国家拥有学校和办公室。
浅析《西游记》俄译本中民间俗语的翻译
Modern Linguistics 现代语言学, 2023, 11(9), 4188-4193 Published Online September 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/ml https:///10.12677/ml.2023.119562浅析《西游记》俄译本中民间俗语的翻译夏东旭新疆大学外国语学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐收稿日期：2023年8月15日；录用日期：2023年9月14日；发布日期：2023年9月28日摘 要科米萨罗夫认为在翻译过程中进行适当的语用适应性调整，将原文的语用潜力最大限度表达出来，使译文为读者理解接受。
《西游记》是我国四大名著之一，前苏联汉学家罗高寿的俄译本在俄语世界广受欢迎，影响深远。
本文以科米萨罗夫的语用适应原则为指导，对俄译本中的民间俗语的翻译所采用的语用适应策略如，保障译文读者对于原作的对等理解；将原作的情感效果传达给译文读者，促进其对原文理解正确；要针对具体情境下的具体接受者；实现“翻译外的最高任务”进行了研究，并且分析了其中的替换法，概括化，具体化等翻译方法。
关键词《西游记》，俗语，翻译，语用适应Analyzing the Translation of Folk Sayings in the Russian Translation of Journey to the WestDongxu XiaForeign Languages Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi Xinjiang Received: Aug. 15th , 2023; accepted: Sep. 14th , 2023; published: Sep. 28th , 2023AbstractKomissarov believes that appropriate linguistic adaptation in the translation process maximizes the linguistic potential of the original text and makes the translation understandable and accepta-ble to the readers. Journey to the West is one of the four great masterpieces of China, and the Rus-sian translation by the Soviet sinologist А. P. Rogachev is popular and influential in the Ru s-sian-speaking world. This paper, guided by Komissarov's principle of pragmatic adaptation, ex-夏东旭amines the pragmatic adaptation strategies used in the translation of folklore in Russian transla-tion, such as guaranteeing the reciprocal understanding of the original work by the translated readers; conveying the emotional effect of the original work to the translated readers to promote their correct understanding of the original text; targeting the specific receiver in the specific con-text; and realizing the “supreme task of extra-translational translation”, and also analyzes the methods of substitution, generalization, and concretization in the translation.KeywordsJourney to the West, Colloquialisms, Translation, Pragmatic AdaptationThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言近代国学专家陈代湘在《国学概论》中表示，《西游记》是我国第一部浪漫主义章回体长篇神魔小说。
英汉翻译课件(第五章)
• (3)When some nouns derived from verbs by adding such suffixes as –er or-or do not really indicate identity or some certain profession but imply much more than the meaning of a verb ， we are supposed to transform such nouns into verbs to make our translation be in better keeping with the expression habits of the Chinese Language. • (英语中有些加后缀 -er/-or的名词，有时并不表示职 业和身份，而是含有较强的动作意味，在汉语中没有 恰当的对应名词，往往可以译成汉语的动词), e.g. • teacher, forgiver, briefer( 摘 要 ； 案 件 陈 述 ), advocator.
• 4) prepositions like across, past, against, toward are often transformed into Chinese verbs • (译成汉语时可以与汉语动词转换)，e.g. • ①They will surely rise against their oppressors. • 他们一定会起来反抗压迫他们的人。 • ②To do this was quite beyond my power. • 办这件事完全超过了我的权力。 • ③“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. • “来啦！ ”她转身蹦着跳着的跑了，越过草地，跑上小径， 跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。
2011-2020CATTI英语三级笔译实务试题
2011-2020.11CATTI英语三级笔译实务科目试题（2021.02整理版）使用说明：本资料实务科目试题主要靠考友分享信息、回忆整理，难免与考试实际题目存有出入。
整理发布仅供学习参考之用，为避免过多修改原始来源产生语义及文本错误，整理时尽可能不对原始来源进行过多修改。
如有个别句段字眼差异还请谅解。
暂无法提供与原始考试完全一致试题回忆，还请见谅。
综合科目因主要为选择题、阅读题、完形填空（有选项），难以回忆整理，故网上基本无资源。
实务试题答案可参考官方出版的历年真题、韩刚老师《90天突破CATTI三级笔译》系列书目或关注CATTI考试资料与资讯微信公众号（扫码可关注）、微博推送的部分考友投稿版本。
CATTI英语三级笔译实务试题2020.11Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.(50points)来源金融时报|整理@Bcup肚肚的多啦A梦原文链接如下，考试时内容有删减及修改https:///content/16ef6eb2-9a8d-11e6-8f9b-70e3cabccfaeAt51,Cathy wanted to put her Oxford physics degree and former experience to better use.She had worked part-time in a school for several years while her three children were young,but she wanted to get back into the corporate world.Several applications later,she was getting nowhere.Then a friend told her about“returnships”,a form of work experience that some companies are experimenting with to help older people—mainly women—return to work,often after breaks to care for families.Cathy eventually secured a place on an11-week“Career Returners”programme with O2,open to men and women,which included being buddied with a20-year-old male student.He helped to acquaint her with new technology,such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’s virtual private network from her laptop so she could work from home but still access internal files.“On the assessment day,I thought they must have been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking at us for specific roles.They were just thinking,‘These women have a lot to offer,let’s see what they can do.’That was refreshing.”O2is one of a clutch of companies,in the UK and the US,that have spotted an opportunity in hiring female returnees,who can put to use again technical skills learnt earlier in their careers.Fans of returnships—the concept was pioneered in2008by the late Brenda Barnes,former chief executive at food company Sara Lee—believe middle-aged women returning after a break make particularly good employees,because they bring a fresh perspective.Women tend to combine high emotional intelligence with strong leadership and organisational skills.There is a“massive pool of highly skilled people who want to return to work,”says head of human resources at an engineering company.“Recruitment agencies typically view people who have had two years out as a risk,but we see them as a great opportunity.”In fact,by hiring female returnees,companies can access hard skills these women developed in their former high-level jobs—and for a discount.In return,employers coach older females back into working life.Through her returnship,she gained a full-time role as an operations data consultant,handling projects within service management at O2.She still is earning less than she would like to.“But it’s a foot in the door and the salary is up for review in six months,”she says.It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care for young government figures show that women account for around90per cent of people on extended career breaks for caring reasons.A lack of older women working,particularly in highly skilled roles,is costing the UK economy £50bn a year,according to a report last year.This was the amount that women over the age of50 would have earned in2015.The report found that men over50took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that age range in2015.It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled,part-time roles older women often accept.Some41per cent of women in work in the UK do so part-time,as opposed to only11per cent of men.This issue is not restricted to the UK.A study last year by economists found“robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women”in a range of white and blue-collar jobs.The data show that it is harder for older women to find jobs than it is for older men regardless of whether they have taken a break from working.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into English.摘自：外交部和国家互联网信息办公室《网络空间国际合作战略》/zxbd/wz/Document/1543852/1543852.htm当今世界，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。
2023年下半年英语三级笔译(CATTI 3)实务真题及参考译文
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Guidebook company Lonely Planet has revealed its 18th annual“Best in Travel” list.The 2023 edition is in a slightly different format than it has been in years past. Rather than a simple list, the destinations are split up into five categories – eat, learn, journey, unwind and connect. “This year, we really wanted to try something new and we wanted to reflect the way that we saw travelers looking for travel, which was about the destination, but also about the experience,” explains Nitya Chambers, executive editor and senior vice president of content at Lonely Planet.Lonely Planet reaches out to its wide network of contributors around the world and asks them to nominate destinations they believe should be on the list. From there, editors at Lonely Planet HQ begin to ask more questions, work their sources and narrow down the options until it is released in November.That might mean taking a chance on a new country, like Malta or Guyana, that all your friends haven’t been to yet. It might mean choosing a less-visited place in a favorite destination, like Marseille rather than Paris or Fukuoka instead of Tokyo. All four spots are among the 30 destinations of the 2023 list. It’s no surprise that Peru appears as one of the picks under the “eat” section of Lonely Planet’s list –as it has been racking up the recognition for years on the World’s 50 Best Restaurants list. However, its South American sibling Montevideo – another “eat” entry – is not as high profile. Street food lovers should head to Kuala Lumpur. The capital is a perfect location for an introduction to food from all over Malaysia, like Penang-style curries and fish maw soup.As the world opened up after long Covid restrictions, many travelers felt the urge to connect or reconnect with others. Sydney, in this context, makes Lonely Planet’s “connect” list. The Australian city is known for its friendly inhabitants, as well as for its beautiful beaches, top-notch food scene and a pretty cool opera house. People with African heritage may want to head to Ghana for their own sense of connection. The country observed a Year of Return in 2019, which brought people from all over the diaspora to Ghana with fellowship and community. Just because the pass of the year doesn’t mean the loss of the sense of connection. The country,observed a Year of Return in 2019, which brought people from all over the diaspora to Ghana for fellowship and community. Just because the year passed doesn’t mean that the sense of connection has gone: Ghana wants to hit a goal of eight million tourists per year.The pandemic spurred another powerful desire, too:the stress of working from home while homeschooling the kids over Zoom means many travelers just want to take a long break. Island destinations, like Jamaica and Dominica in the Caribbean, are just the place to unwind, according to Lonely Planet. The former is high on Chambers’ personal list for 2023. “There’s just an opportunity with our kids in the summer (to) spend some more time, go immerse and have the experience of living somewhere where you can really feel changed and transformed by being part of another place.Malta – another “unwind” destination – is a lesser-known gem with the climateof Italy and the landscape of the Middle East. And in Asia, the Indonesian archipelago of Raja Ampat might be one of the last paradises left on Earth. It is loved for eco-tourism and is home to a massively successful coral restoration project. LP designated six “journey” spots, places for most travel-lovers. It’s no surprise that the central Asian kingdom of Bhutan made the cut.【参考译文】：旅行指南出版商《孤独星球》(LonelyPlanet) 连续第18年发布年度“世界最佳旅行目的地”(BestinTravel) 榜单。
2016年下半年11月全国翻译专业考试二级笔译实务真题(含官方参考译文-CATTI考试)
2016年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷备注：该参考译文来源于官方指定的新世界出版社出版发行的《英语笔译实务真题解析2级》，仅供参考。
Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points)Passage 1Everyone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever before on what’s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple’s life together. Money that, to be honest, could be spent on much, much cooler stuff.The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a mind-numbing average of $32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18,000 pairs across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of $82,300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50 Cent doesn’t spend as much in a day as you’re spending on a reception band alone. Think about that.So rather than buying into the Marriage Industrial Complex on a union that may or may not work out, wouldn’t it make more sense to save your h ard-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses you’re likely to face in married life? Y ou know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be. And if your fianceéis dead set on a fairytale wedding? Y ou could always just blow your financial load on a plenty fulfilling single life.With nearly $33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to treat yourself. Like, why drop $1,400 on a frilly dress you’ll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it?And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that’s bull, because you have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and likely go into debt doing it.In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For instance, purchasing and providing for a nice housecat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won’t care if you bring home someone new every weekend—he’ll just hate everyone indiscriminately.Passage 2My teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneself for narcissism. His friend had just taken it. “How did it turn out?” I asked. “He says he did great!” my son responded. “He got the maximum score!”When I was a child, no one outside the mental health profession talked about narcissism. People were more concerned by inadequate self-esteem, which at the time was thought to lurk behind nearly every issue. Like so many excesses of the 1970s, the self-love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging through our culture like Godzilla through Tokyo.A 2010 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science found that the proportion of college students exhibiting narcissistic personality traits – based on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a widely used diagnostic test – has increased by more than half since the early 1980s, to 30 per cent.In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic, psychology professors Jean M. Twenge and W. Keith Campbell show that narcissism has increased as quickly as obesity has since the 1980s. Even our egos are getting fat. This is a costly problem. While full-blown narcissists often report high levels of personal satisfaction, they create havoc and misery around them. There is overwhelming evidence linking narcissism with reduced honesty and increased aggression. It’s notable for occasions like Valentine’s Da y that narcissists struggle to stay committed to romantic partners, in no small part because they find themselves superior.The full-blown narcissist might reply, “So what?” But narcissism isn’t an either-or characteristic. It’s more of a set of progre ssive symptoms (like alcoholism) than an identifiable state (like diabetes). Millions of Americans exhibit symptoms, but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral improvement. At the very least, they really do not want to be terrible people.A healthy self-love that leads to true happiness builds up one’s intrinsic well-being, as opposed to feeding shallow cravings to be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to being virtually alive while wondering what others think. The soulful connection with another person, the enjoyment of a beautiful hike alone, or a prayer of thanks over your sleeping child could be considered expressions of self-love.Section 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(50points)Passage 1浙江杭州是风景秀美之地，也是创新活力之城。
全球语,沟通全世界(英汉对照)
4
(以下样本页摘自《全球语 沟通全世界》)
1. 摘自《全球语 沟通全世界》前半部分
Today, the communication problem is the same. Just the scale is different. A century ago, their world was their country. Now their world is…. much more. Most people now speak a local language which is often their national language. Now they must communicate to the whole globe.
3
Table of Contents
目录
Foreword for the Chinese Translation Beginning
Part 1 The Problem with Learning English
Chapter 1 Many, Many Languages Chapter 2 Esperanto vs…the World? Chapter 3 Thinking Globally Chapter 4 The Native Speakers' Edge is Their Problem Chapter 5 The English Learners’ Problem Can Be Their Edge Chapter 6 The Value of a MiddleGround Chapter 7 The Beginnings of Globish Chapter 8 Is Globish More Useful than English? Chapter 9 A Tool and… A Mindset
英汉互译第一讲
6. dictionary and electronic tool
translation are made because of ignorance about the views and values of other culture. ❖ 翻译中大部分重要的错误是由于对其他文化的观点和价值的 无知造成的。（286）
❖ 《红楼梦》
❖ 第3回林黛玉初见贾母，一家人设宴同庆，“ 熙凤拉了黛玉在（贾母）左边第一张椅子上 坐了，黛玉十分推让”，霍克斯(David Hawkes)译文：
❖ 从最初出发以至终竟到达，这是很艰辛的历 程。一路上颠顿风尘，遭遇风险，不免有所 跌或受些损伤。因此，译文总有失真和走样 的地方，在意义或口吻上违背或不很贴合原 文。那就是“讹”，西洋详语所谓“翻译者 即反逆者”。
钱钟书
factors involved in translation
❖ 1. English proficiency: ❖ eg: comprehensive university; ❖ I may be a servant, but I have my pride. ❖ The students tiptoed for arrival of their
❖ To Aunt Zhao the words seemed to contain a hidden promise. She concealed her pleasure.
❖ ‘What do you mean: “things we could do in secret”?’ she said. ‘I’m willing enough to do them: it is just that I’ve never met anyone who could tell me how. If you want to show me the way, I’d pay you. I’d pay you a lot.’
《傲慢与偏见》三个中译本的功能文体学分析
摘 要 文学翻译成功的关键之一在于是否能够准确传达原文风格。
对于译者来说，文学翻译最棘手的问题莫过于原作风格的传达。
尽管传统文体学越来越多地被用于小说风格翻译，但是功能文体学却给文学翻译批评提供了崭新的视角。
功能文体学以韩礼德的系统功能语法作为理论基础，基于语言的三大元功能——概念功能、人际功能、和语篇功能对文本进行较全面的分析，是一门结合语言学描述和文学鉴赏的交叉学科。
本论文主要分析比较《傲慢与偏见》三个具有代表性的中译本风格（即文体特征）的传递及各个译本的优缺点, 这三个中译本分别是：王科一译（2007版），孙致礼译（2008版），张玲 & 张扬译（2009版）。
本文首先根据语域理论及小说情节的发展变化，选择了主人公伊丽莎白和达西之间的对话为分析语料，并将其划分为三个阶段。
通过对主人公典型对话的人际情态及评价语在特定语境中的文体学分析比较三个中译本风格（即文体特征）的传递。
本论文通过对三个中译本中主人公对话的功能文体学分析，阐述将功能文体学用于小说风格翻译的必要性及有效性，以期将功能文体分析方法更好地应用到小说翻译中，尤其是原文风格翻译的传达上。
本研究选择小说《傲慢与偏见》为分析语料，基于以下两个原因：该小说充满戏剧情节，人物之间对话睿智风趣，人物形象生动；小说风格幽默，富含文体特点，其人物在不同情境下的语域选择变化十分明显。
通过对三个中译本的对比分析，本文发现：1) 王科一译本在情态、意态等方面的传达上基本体现了原文的幽默反讽风格，但译文中多处地方忽略原句的形式对等及上下文语境，存在漏译和误译现象。
2) 孙致礼译本在对评价语的翻译上选词优美简洁，四字成语习语较多，译文通篇流畅简洁，但恰恰是这种自然流畅的特点折损了原文一些地方的幽默反讽风格。
在人物对话中，有些四字成语习语的运用不太符合原著人物的语域选择，在人际情态方面的风格传达上较多地沿用了王科一译本。
3) 张玲& 张扬译本总体采用直译法，最大限度地保留了原文的句法形式，并取得了较好的文体效果。
2003-2005翻译资格考试二级笔译实务真题及答案详解
2003年12月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Section 1: English – Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts, Part A —“Compulsory Translation” and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic I”and “Topic 2”. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into Chinese. Above your translation of Part A, write “Compulsory Translation” and above your translation from Part B, write “Topic I” or “Topic 2” (60 points, 100 minutes)Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题) （30 points）Nowhere to GoFor the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley, all you have to do is to talk to someone like “Nagaraj” (who didn‟t want to reveal his real name). He‟s an Indian immigrant who, like many other Indian engineers, came to America recently on an H-1B visa, which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years. But one morning last month, Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off. The reason: weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley, “It was the shock of my lifetime,” says Nagaraj.This is not a normal bear-market sob story. According to federal regulation, Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices. They must either return to India, or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) allow them to transfer their visa to the new company. And the law doesn‟t allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy. “How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?”Nagaraj wonders.Until recently, H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region‟s shortage of programmers and engineers. First issued by the INS in 1992, they attract skilled workers from other countries, many of whom bring families with them, lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards. Through February 2000, more than 81,000 worker held such visas — but with the dot-com crash, many have been getting laid off. That‟s causing mass consternation in U.S. immigrant communities. The INS considers a worker “out of status”when he loses a job, which technically means that he must pack up and go home. But because of the scope of this year‟s layoffs, the U.S. government has recently backpedaled, issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa. But even those loopholes remain nebulous. The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America, and the possibilities that they will be sent home. “They are in limbo. It is the greatest form of torture,” says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network.The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few years. Last fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas. Now, with technology firms retrenching, demand for such workers is slowing. Valley heavyweights like Intel, Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year, which include many H-1B workers. The INS reported last month that only 16,000 new H-1B workers came to the United States in February — down from 32,000 in February of last year.Last month, acknowledging the scope of the problem, the INS told H-1B holders “not to panic,” and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States. INS spokeswomen Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month. “We areaware of the cutbacks,” she says. “We‟re trying to be as generous as we can be within the confines of the existing law.”Part B Choice of Two Translations (二选一题) （30 points）Topic 1 (选题一)What Is the Force of Gravity?If you throw a ball up, it will come down again. What makes it come down? The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth. The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects. Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away. This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity. The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth‟s surface is called the weight of the object.All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon, the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravity. Thus, since the moon is a smaller body than Earth, the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth‟s surface. In fact, the moon‟s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth. This means that an object weighing 120 kilograms on Earth will only weigh 20 kilograms on the moon. Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.The Earth‟s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space. To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth‟s gravitational pull.Entry into SpaceHow can we overcome the Earth‟s gravitational pull? Scientists have been working on this for a long time. It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth‟s gravitational pull. Such machines are called space rockets. Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth‟s gravitational pull and go into space.RocketsThe powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket. The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head. The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel. It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle. A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle. A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.When the gunpowder burns, hot gases rush out of the nozzle. The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns. When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards. This is called jet propulsion. The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion.Topic 2 （选题二）Basketball DiplomacyCHINA”S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream. But Wang Zhizhi, a 7-foot-1 basketball star from the People‟s Liberation Army, is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA. In his first three weeks in America the 23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, preside over “Wang Zhizhi Day” in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards. He‟s even played in five games with his new team, the Dallas Mavericks, scoring 24 points in just 38 minutes. Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs — and he is intent on enjoying every minute. One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson. He leaned back, stretched out and pointedat a plane moving across the star-filled sky. In broken English, he started singing his favorite tune: “I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky.”Back in China, the nation‟s other basketball phenom, Yao Ming , can only dream of taking flight. Yao thought he was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The 7-foot-5 Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang: the 20-year-old could be the No.1 overall pick in the June NBA draft. But as the May 13 deadline to enter the draft draws near, Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his fate. Last week, as Wang scored 13 points in the Dallas season finale, Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street.Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts. The twin towers are national treasures, symbols of China‟s growing stature in the world. They‟re also emblematic of the NBA‟s outsize dreams for conquering China. The NBA, struggling at home, sees salvation in the land of 1.3 billion potential hoop fans. China, determined to win the 2008 Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world — on its own terms. The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision — this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization. If it works out, it could be — in basketball parlance — the ultimate give-and-go. “This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy,” says Xia Song, a sport-marketing executive who represents Wang. “Only with a much bigger ball.”Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain. Wang‟s Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in 1999. Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr. — son of the eccentric billionaire — to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA. “You could hear them thinking: …What is this NBA team doing, trying to lay claim to our property?‟” Nelson recalls. “We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China.”There was no deal. Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court.This year Yao became the anointed one. He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding, and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league. It looked as if his Shanghai team — a dynamic semicapitalist club in China‟s most open city — would get its star to the NBA first.Then came the March madness. Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title — scoring 40 in the final game. A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart? No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials (even inviting national- team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000 season in Dallas). There was also the small matter of Chinese pride. The national team stumbled to a 10th-place finish at the 2000 Olympics, after placing eighth in 1996. Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world‟s best players.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation （汉译英）This section consists of two parts, Part A —“Compulsory Translation” and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic 1”and “Topic 2”. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write “Compulsory Translation” and above your translation from Part B, write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” (40 points, 80 minutes)Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）（20 points）中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。
the Last Lecture-(ChineseTranslation)
2007年 9月 18日 星期二 于卡内基 .梅隆大学
Introduction by Indira Nair, Carnegie Mellon’s Vice Provost for Education:
卡内基.梅隆大学副教务长英迪拉.内尔
谢谢。我不想显得很粗鲁地纠正您, 但是我们公关人员可能正在看网络直播, 如果我没有说"模拟人生"销售额是一亿套, 那我回去后要吃不了兜着走[ 笑声] . 当然艺电公司并不在意大数字[ 笑声] 我看不到任何空座位, 这很好, 这就意味着我和兰迪打赌赢了。根据你听谁说了, 他要么欠我20美元,要么欠我他的新大众汽车[笑声] 好吧, 我要汽车。
It’s a pleasure to be here, thank you very much. I’m going to start by covering Randy’s academic credentials. It’s a little bizarre for me to be standing here at Carnegie Mellon, which is a school I couldn’t get into no matter how much I contributed to this institution. [laughter] But, no really, I’m not kidding! You all think, oh gosh he’s humble. Really, no, I’m not humble at all. Very average SAT scores, you know, right in the middle of my high school class of 900. Anyway, Randy. Randy earned – it really pisses me off that Randy’s so smart—actually I called him, we decided about, what, four weeks, ago and we heard the news went from bad to horrific. It was on a Wednesday night and I said look – we have two choices. We can play this really straight and very emotional , or we can go to dark humor. And for those of you who know Randy well, he was like oh, dark humor! So I called him the next day and I was like, dude you can’t die. And he’s like, what do you mean? And I said, well, when you die, the average of IQ of Seabolt’s friends is going to like drop 50 points. [laughter] To which he responded, we need to find you some smarter friends. [laughter] So you’re all smart because you’re here, so if you want to be my friend, I’ll be over in a corner of the reception room.
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文仅供参考English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.【Passage 1】The world is at a social, environmental and economic tipping point. Subdued growth, rising inequalities and accelerating climate change provide the context for a backlash against capitalism, globalization, technology, and elites. There is gridlock in the international governance system and escalating trade and geopolitical tensions are fueling uncertainty. This holds back investment and increases the risk of supply shocks: disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes or interruptions in the availability of key resources.Persistent weaknesses in the drivers of productivity growth are among the principal culprits. In advanced, emerging and developing economies, productivity growth started slowing in 2000 and decelerated further after the crisis. Between 2011 and 2016, “total factor productivity growth” – or the combined growth of inputs, like resources and labour, and outputs - grew by 0.3 percent in advanced economies and 1.3 percent in emerging and developing economies.The financial crisis added to this deceleration. Investments are undermined by uncertainty, low demand and tighter credit conditions. Many of the structural reforms designed to revive productivity that were promised by policy-makers did not materialize.Governments must better anticipate the unintended consequences of technological integration and implement complementary social policies that support populations through the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Economies with strong innovation capability must improve their talent base and the functioning of their labor markets.Adaption is critical. We need an a well-functioning labour market that protects workers, not jobs. Advanced economies need to develop their skills base and tackle rigidities in their labour markets. As innovation capacity grows, emerging economies need to strengthen their skills and labour market to minimize the risks of negative social spillovers.Sustainable economic growth remains the surest route out of poverty and a core driver of human development. For the past decade, growth has been weak and remains below potential in most developing countries, seriously hampering progress on several of the UN’s 2030 sustainable development Goals (SDGs).The world is not on track to meet any of the SDGS. Least developed countries have missed the target of 7 percent growth every year since 2015. Extreme poverty reduction is decelerating. 3.4 billion people –or 46 percent of the world’s population – lived on less than US$5.50 a day and struggled to meet basic needs. After years of steady decline, hunger has increased and now affects 826 million up from 784 million in 2015. A total of 20 percent of Africans population is undernourished. The “zero hunger” target will almost certainly be missed.参考译文世界正处在社会、环境和经济的转折点。
中国翻译话语英译选集(上册)
“雅”
5. 支谦: Many scholars think Zhi Qian was the first to Commentary: Yan Fu's "信达雅" can be have theoretical discussion on translation in the Chinese way back to Zhi Qian's traced all thetranslation tradition. His translation is something in common preface, sharing very difficult because the terms used to denote things are different with "雅，径达，美，格义". between source and target languages. His translation was refined（文）and was critized by Dao an for destroying the source.
3.3 Ancient Interpreters: Tongue-men
• A number of entries, mostly historical records about how communication with neighbouring states was carried out in Zhou Dynasty, throw an interesting light on social position of the people involved in the activity of interpretation in the ancient times.
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U
由此
[Chinese Translation –中譯本]
HCA 2404/2005
香港特別行政區
高等法院
原訟法庭
案件編號2005年第2404號
_______________
原告人林一品
對
被告人平等機會委員會
_______________
主審法官：高等法院司法常務官陳爵內庭聆訊
聆訊日期：2006年2月8日
裁定日期：2006年3月3日
_______________
判決書
_______________
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T 1. 被告人現根據高院規則第18號命令第19號規則，申請
剔除本申索陳述書以及撤銷整項法律訴訟。
本訴訟為三分鐘之內庭
案件由本席審理；而原告人又同時提出要求法庭作出批示的傳票。
雙方同意我即時處理這些事項。
正確的時序是先處理被告人的申請。
2. 據本席理解，原告人指被告人未有又或者疏忽履行本身
的職責而致原告人蒙受損失，故向被告人提出申索，要求賠償。
以
下為本案的背景。
3. 原告人原受僱於香港政府，是一名通訊員，在2003年被
調往警察總部新界北的控制中心。
調職前一個月原告人因遇劫，右
手食指受傷以致該指無法正常操作。
4. 由於身體受傷以及履新的關係，原告人情緒低落以至失
眠。
醫療報告建議將原告人調回鐵路控制中心，但建議不獲原告人
的直轄上司總通訊主任採納；原告人又曾寫信予所屬區份之指揮官
作出申請，後者似乎亦不加理會。
原告人遂向平等機會委員會（“被
告人”）以歧視殘疾為由作出投訴。
5.被告人所採取之行動，現摘要列舉如下：
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事歷表綱要
2005年2月4日原告人向被告人投訴兩位上司
觸犯殘疾歧視條例。
2005年2月5日被告人確認收到投訴。
2005年2月25日被告人之職員與原告人會晤。
2005年2至4月原告人提交文件。
2005年5月4日被告人通知原告人正在檢視收
到之資料。
2005年5月6日原告人催促被告人儘快作出處
理。
2005年5月9日被告人寄出暫時回覆。
2005年5月18日草擬好並向兩位上司發出有關
之投訴書。
2005年6月13日總通訊主任覆信。
2005年7月7日區指揮官覆信。
2005年8月2日總通訊主任再次陳詞。
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T 2005年8月9日原告人對覆信作出評估並作陳
詞。
2005年9月3日被告人出信申索人指出“由於
未有具體資料支持你指稱答辯
人一及答辯人二基於你的殘疾
而對你作出較差的對待，委員
會現正考慮是否仍繼續跟進你
的投訴。
如你欲就你的投訴提
供新資料，請於本年九月十三
日或之前交予委員會，否則，
委員會將對你的投訴作最後審
核。
”
2005年9月9日原告人再次陳詞。
2005年9月13日被告人對這兩宗投訴決定不繼
續跟進調查。
2005年10月25日原告人要求被告人說明該決定
之原委。
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T 2005年10月31日被告人回覆表示維持原來看
法。
6. 本席要指出以上之事歷表已將較不重要的事項略過而將
本席認為最相關之事項列出。
本席現要作出裁決的是被告人是否對
原告人有責任繼續調查，以協助他檢控此案件，以及被告人有否涉
及疏忽。
7. 據本席理解，這個委員會的主要功能是鼓吹殘疾人士與
及非殘疾人士之間的平等機會；而該委員會有權對據稱為歧視的事
件作出調查，亦有權終止任何調查。
8. 經審閱呈堂的文件後，本席絕不認為專員終止該投訴有
錯誤之處；專員已將手上所有證據加以考慮並且得出結論。
但切勿
忘記專員在此階段毋需決定投訴所指之事是否帶有歧視成份，他只
不過說手上並無足夠資料支持原告人的說法，所以決定不再跟進調
查。
可供專員作考慮的眾多因素之一就是案件的勝算理據。
我已閱
讀呈遞的文件，我認為原告兩位上司未有基於原告的殘疾給原告較
差的對待。
但我要說明我的結論是由我閱讀的文件而來。
我考慮勝
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T 算理據是就本案之案情而考慮。
我並非對原告向有關人等或香港政
府的索償作出任何判决。
我認為專員終止該投訴是對的。
9. 本席亦有必要指出：被告人並無協助原告人追討賠償的
責任。
縱觀整體情況，被告人有權作出這個決定，而且並不涉及失
誤。
所以本席剔除原告人提出的申索以及撤銷他提出的法律訴訟。
對於原告人要求法庭作出批示的傳票，本席不作任何命令。
10. 對於訟費本席的觀點是，被告人在他的令狀曾列舉三個
理由，又的而且確以誓章入檔以作支持，充份利用其中第二及第三
條理由，但代表辯方的葉律師陳詞時卻主要依賴當中的第一項理
由，指原告人的申索並無合理訴因，而對第二及第三點理由鮮有觸
及。
反觀原告人奮力辯解，說本身絕非鎖碎無聊、無理纏擾，亦無
意濫用法庭程序；又說本身不懂法庭程序：本席確信這是實情。
但
很明顯地，他採取了錯誤的訴訟。
11. 本席曾仔細觀察原告人在庭上的神態舉止。
他的陳詞使
本席深信他是合情合理的人。
本席同情他的處境，他絕非以往在庭
上出現的一些鎖碎無聊的妄訟者。
本席認為他不屬鎖碎無聊、無理
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T 纏擾，亦接納他無意濫用法庭程序；然而本案並無推翻勝者兼得訟
費這個原則的理據，是以就本申請本席有意將被告應得的訟費減半。
12. 關於訟費，本席作出以下暫准命令：
(a) 除下列(b)項外，被告人可得本訴訟的訟費，並由原告支
付；
(b) 被告人應得本申請及其附帶訟費之一半；
(c) 所有的訟費須由本席根據以下指示評定：
(i) 當本命令轉為絕對命令後14日內被告人將訟費的
陳述書交到法庭存檔評定；
(ii) 原訴人在其後14天內將反對論點及理由列出清單
提交法庭存檔，以及送達被告人；
(iii) 再次排期，並預留半小時的聆訊時間。
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(d) 根據高院規則第42號命令第5B規則，除非期間接獲書
面申請要求更改本臨時訟費令，否則本命令將於接獲本
裁決書起計14日後轉為絕對命令。
（陳爵）
高等法院司法常務官
原告人林一品親自答辯
被告人由金馬倫麥堅拿律師行之葉可欣律師代表。