社会医学中英文对照
社会医学(双语)第二章 医学模式
Possession of evil spirits, demons or monsters etc
Wood: growing, flexible, rooted, strong
Water: wet, cool, descending
Fire: dry, hot, ascending, moving
Earth: productive, fertile, potential for growth
中医理论的发病机制
致病的外因： external causes of diseases
The Causes of disharmony External Causes : Six external evils
b.自然哲学的医学模式
Naturalistic philosophical medical
以自然哲学理论为基础的思维方式来解释健康和疾病的医学模式。 中医是该模式的典型例子。
THE FIVE elements the physical universe, can be reduced to five elements： wood, fire, earth, metal, and water.
世界是由什么组成的？ What is the world made of?
Chinese Philosophy Five Elements support and destroy each other， coordinate to each other
医学学科名称中英对照精品文档3页
医学学科名称中英对照应用生物学 Applied Biology医学技术 Medical Technology细胞生物学 Cell Biology医学 Medicine生物学 Biology护理麻醉学 Nurse Anesthesia进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology口腔外科学 Oral Surgery海洋生物学 Marine Biology口腔/牙科科学 Oral/Dental Sciences微生物学 Microbiology骨科医学 Osteopathic Medicine分子生物学 Molecular Biology耳科学 Otology医学微生物学 Medical Microbiology理疗学 Physical Therapy口腔生物学 Oral Biology足病医学 Podiatric Medicine寄生物学 Parasutology眼科学 Ophthalmology植物生物学 Plant Physiology预防医学 Preventive Medicine心理生物学 Psychobiology放射学 Radiology放射生物学 Radiation Biology康复咨询学 Rehabilitation Counseling 理论生物学 Theoretical Biology康复护理学 Rehabilitation Nursing野生生物学 Wildlife Biology外科护理学 Surgical Nursing环境生物学 Environmental Biology治疗学 Therapeutics运动生物学 Exercise Physiology畸形学 Teratology有机体生物学 Organismal Biology兽医学 Veterinary Sciences生物统计学 Biometrics牙科卫生学 Dental Sciences生物物理学Biophysics牙科科学 Dentistry生物心理学 Biopsychology皮肤学 Dermatology生物统计学 Biostatistics内分泌学 Endocrinology生物工艺学 Biotechnology遗传学 Genetics生物化学 Biological Chemistry解剖学 Anatomy生物工程学 Biological Engineering麻醉学 Anesthesia生物数学 Biomathematics临床科学 Clinical Science生物医学科学 Biomedical Science临床心理学 Clinical Psychology细胞生物学和分子生物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology希望以上资料对你有所帮助，附励志名言3条：1、要接受自己行动所带来的责任而非自己成就所带来的荣耀。
社会医学专业词汇
《社会医学》专业英文词汇社会医学：social medicine医学社会学：medical sociology卫生事业管理学：health care management预防医学：preventive medicine社区医学：community medicine全科医生：general practitioner, GP功能主义理论：functionalism冲突理论：conflict theory社会解组论：social disorganization文化堕距：cultural lag社会因素：social determinants结构因素：structural determinants中介因素：intermediary determinants社会团结：social cohesion社会过程：social processes医学模式：medical model神灵主义医学模式：spiritual medical model自然哲学医学模式：natural philosophical medical model机械论医学模式：mechanistic medical model生物医学模式：biomedical model社会生态医学模式：social-ecological-medical model生物心理社会医学模式：bio-psycho-social medical model社会因素：social determinants社会经济地位：Social-economic Status, SES社会分层：Social Classification社会流动：social mobility社会阶级：social class地位群体：Status Group相对剥夺：Relative Deprivation社会排挤：Social Exclusion规范：norm符号文化：symbol社会结构：social structure社会群体：social group人群集合：population社会化过程：socialization内化：internalization生活机会：life chance健康生活方式：healthy Lifestyle求医行为：health-seeking behavior文化贫困：poverty of culture应激：stress生活事件行为医学：behavioral medicine性传播疾病：sexually transmitted disease, STD过程：process重复：repetition论证：demonstration伦理：ethics人类发展指数：Human Development Index, HDI量表：scale参与观察：participant observation局外观察（非参与观察）：non-participant observation实地观察：field observation实验室观察：laboratory observation结构观察：constructed observation无结构观察：non-constructed observation深度访谈：in-depth interviews无结构访谈：unstructured interview文献分析：document analysis内容分析：content analysis二次分析：secondary analysis问卷：questionnaire开放式问题：open-ended question封闭式问题：closed-ended question信度：reliability效度：validity表面效度：face validity预测效度：predictive validity标准关联效度：criterion-related validity建构效度：construct validity内容效度：content validity回收率：response rate定量研究：quantitative study定性研究：qualitative study伤残调整期望寿命：Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy ，DALE健康期望寿命：Health Life Expectancy ，HALE伤残调整生命年：Disability Adjusted Life Year ，DALY减寿人年数：Potential Years of Life Lost ，PYLL无残疾期望寿命：Life Expectancy Free of Disability ，LEFD日常生活活动能力：ability of life, ADL标准寿命表减寿年数：standard Expected Years of Life Lost ，SEYLL 生活质量指数：physical quality of Life Index ，PQLI美国社会健康学会指标：American Social Health Association ，ASHA 生命质量：quality of life ，QOL健康相关生命质量：health related quality of life ，HRQOL健康意识：health perception机能状态：functional status心理状态：psychological state社会互动：social interaction危险因素：risk factor健康危险因素评价：health risk appraisal社会福利：social welfare社区诊断：community diagnosis社区卫生服务：community health services, CHS社区康复：community based rehabilitation健康维护组织：health maintenance organization ，HMO 国民健康保险制度：national health service ，NHS策略：strategy政策：policy利益相关集团分析：stakeholder Analysis。
新世纪医学英语教程(社会医学)第二第三单元课文翻译
Americais experiencing a major epidemic today.
现今美国正在经历一场重要的流行病。
Unlike epidemicsof the past, it is not a disease transmitted by bacteria or viruses.
In 1900the average life expectancy in this country was 47, and the major killer diseases included tuberculosis pneumonia,influenza, cholera, typhoid, and smallpox——infectious diseases which struck people of all ages, regardless of their lifestyle.
想想你上一次在驾驶时突然转向以避免碰撞是何感觉：你的心狂跳起来，你的手掌变得多汗，你的肌肉紧张，而你的心也揪在一起了。
Such a combination ofsensations is the result of a complex physical chain reaction which occurs in your body in response to a threat.
这种感觉的结合是一个复杂的身体连锁反应的结果，出现在你的身体对威胁做出反应的时候。
These changesare universal and predictable, and they happen to everyone.
这些变化是普遍的并且可以预见的，可以发生在每一个人身上。
Our prehistoric ancestors, upon encountering a dangerous animal in the wild, would have felt exactly the same response as their bodies switched into a stress-induced “high-gear” to deal with the emergency.
医学名词中英文对照
SCI医学 SCI medical病理学 Pathology超声医学 Ultrasound medical传染病学 Infectious disease地方病学 Endemiology动物医学 Animal Medicine法医学 fayixue放射医学 Radiation Medicine妇产科及儿科 Gynecology Surgery and pediatrics 骨科 Orthopedic核医学 Nuclear medicine呼吸 Breath护理医学 Care medicine基础医学 Basic Medical急救学 jijiuxue急诊医学 Emergency medicine军事医学 Military Medical康复医学 Rehabilitation medicine口腔医学 Dentistry临床医学 Clinical medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology泌尿科 Urology民族医学 Ethnomedicine皮肤病 skin disease全科医学 General medical社会医学 Social medicine神经学 Neurological生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering实验动物学 Laboratory Animal Science死亡医学 Death medical特种医学 Special medicine外科 Surgery五官科 Ent消毒学 Science of disinfection性医学 Sexual medicine畜牧兽医 Animal husbandry and veterinary循证医学 Evidence-based medicine眼科 Eye养生医学 Health medical药学硕士 Medicine master医学毕业论文 Medicial Thesis医学技术 Medical technology医学检验 Medical test医学健康教育 Medical Education医学科研 Medical research医学伦理 Medical ethics医学论文3000字 Medical thesis 3000 characters 医学论文发表 Medicial Thesis Pbulish医学论文范文 Medicial Thesis Sample 医学论文格式 Medicine Thesis Format 医学其他 Medical Others医学统计 Medical Statistics医药学 Medicine营养学 Nutrition预防医学 Preventive medicine运动医学 Sports medicine整容医学 Cosmetic medicine职业病学 Professional epidemiology 中西医结合 Integrative Medicine中医学 Chinese medicine。
医学病症词典(中英文对照表)
医学病症词典（中英文对照表）Abadie's Sign <Chinese>阿巴迪征(跟腱受压无感觉，见于脊髓痨) Abaptiston <Chinese>安全开颅圆锯abarognosis <Chinese>压觉缺失abasia astasia <Chinese>立行不能abasia <Chinese>步行不能abdominal reflex <Chinese>腹壁反射abduction <Chinese>外展abiotrophy <Chinese>生活力缺失ablepsia <Chinese>视觉缺失ablute <Chinese>切除abnormal <Chinese>异常abnormity <Chinese>畸形abrupt <Chinese>意外absolute hemianopia <Chinese>完全偏盲abstinent <Chinese>戒断症状abstraction <Chinese>抽象acalculia <Chinese>失算acataleptic <Chinese>智能缺陷acatamathesia <Chinese>理解不能acataphasia <Chinese>连贯表达不能acatastasia <Chinese>反常acathexis <Chinese>心力贯注不能acathisia <Chinese>静坐不能accessory cramp <Chinese>痉挛性斜颈accommodation reflex <Chinese>调节反射accommodation <Chinese>适应aceburtolol <Chinese>醋丁洛尔acedia <Chinese>淡漠性忧郁症acenesthsia <Chinese>存在觉缺失acenocoumarol <Chinese>新抗凝acephalia <Chinese>无头畸形acervulus <Chinese>松果体石acetazolamide <Chinese>乙酰唑胺acetohrdroxamic acid <Chinese>乙酰氧肟酸acetophenazine<Chinese>乙酰非那嗪acetylcholinergic pathway <Chinese>乙酰胆碱能通路acetylcholinesterase <Chinese>乙酰胆碱脂酶acetylcholine <Chinese>乙酰胆碱acetylglutamide <Chinese>乙酰谷氨酰胺acetylsalicylic acid <Chinese>乙酰水杨酸acetyl-spiramycin <Chinese>乙酰螺旋霉素Achilles jerk <Chinese>踝反射Achilles tendon reflex <Chinese>踝反射acinesia <Chinese>运动不能aconative <Chinese>意向缺失acorea <Chinese>无瞳孔acouesthesia <Chinese>听觉acousmatamnesia <Chinese>听觉性健忘acousma <Chinese>幼听acoustic neuroma <Chinese>听神经瘤acoustic pathway <Chinese>听觉传导路acoustic stria <Chinese>听纹acouticolateral area <Chinese>听侧线区acroagnosis <Chinese>肢体感觉缺失acroanesthesia <Chinese>肢端麻木acrobrachycephaly <Chinese>扁头acrocephalosyndactyly <Chinese>尖头并指acrocephaly <Chinese>尖头acrocinesis <Chinese>运动过多acrodynia <Chinese>肢体疼痛症acrognosis <Chinese>肢体感acrokinesia <Chinese>感觉过敏acrokinesis <Chinese>运动过多acromegaly <Chinese>肢体肥大症acroneurosis <Chinese>肢体神经官能症acroparalysia <Chinese>肢麻痹acroparesthesia <Chinese>肢体感觉异常acrosclerosis <Chinese>肢体硬化症acrotrophoneurosis <Chinese>四肢营养神经病actinine <Chinese>辅肌动蛋白actinomycosis of brain <Chinese>脑放线菌病actinoneuritis <Chinese>放射性神经炎actin <Chinese>肌动蛋白action tremor <Chinese>动作性震颤active negativism <Chinese>主动违拗症actomyosin <Chinese>肌动球蛋白acuity <Chinese>敏度acute alcohol intoxication <Chinese>急性酒精中毒acute brain syndrome <Chinese>急性脑综合征acute poliomyelites <Chinese>急性脊髓前角灰质炎acute spontaenous myelites <Chinese>急性非特异脊髓炎acute suppurative myelites <Chinese>急性化脓性脊髓炎acyclovir <Chinese>无环鸟苷acystinervia <Chinese>膀胱神经无力Adamkiewicz's demilunes <Chinese>阿达姆基维支新月形细胞(在有髓神经纤维的神经膜底下)adaptation <Chinese>适应adduction <Chinese>内收adenoma of pituitary gland <Chinese>脑下垂体腺瘤adenovirus <Chinese>腺病毒adiphenine <Chinese>解痉素adiposis cerebralis <Chinese>脑性肥胖症adiposis dolorosa <Chinese>痛性肥胖症adrenergic <Chinese>肾上腺素能adreno leukodystrophy <Chinese>脑白质营养不良aerasthenia <Chinese>飞行员精神衰弱aetiology <Chinese>病因学affektepilepsie <Chinese>情感性痉挛affensplate <Chinese>月状沟(大脑枕叶)afferent <Chinese>传入African meningitis <Chinese>非洲脑膜炎(昏睡病) aganglionosis <Chinese>神经节细胞缺乏症ageing of nervous tissue <Chinese>神经组织老化agenesis of corpus callosum <Chinese>胼胝体发育不良agitation <Chinese>焦虑agnosia <Chinese>失认agraphia <Chinese>失写agyria <Chinese>无脑回akathisia <Chinese>静坐不能akinesia <Chinese>运动不能akinetic seizures <Chinese>运动不能发作akinetic-rigid syndrome <Chinese>运动不能-强直综合征Akureyri disease <Chinese>良性肌痛性脑脊髓炎alar plate <Chinese>翼板albendazole <Chinese>阿苯达唑alcoholic coma <Chinese>酒精中毒性昏迷aldosterone <Chinese>醛固酮alertness <Chinese>警觉alexia <Chinese>失读alleviated<Chinese> 缓和allopurinol <Chinese>别嘌呤醇allucination <Chinese>幻觉almufibrate <Chinese>氯贝丁酯铝alprenollol <Chinese>心得舒alptazolam <Chinese>阿普唑仑alternating hemiplegia <Chinese>交替性偏瘫altitudinal hemianopia <Chinese>上下性偏盲aluminium nicotinate <Chinese>烟酸铝Alzheimer's disease <Chinese>阿尔塞梅茨病amantadine <Chinese>金刚烷胺amaurotic idiocy <Chinese>黑朦性白痴amaurotic <Chinese>黑朦ambient cistern <Chinese>环池amblyopic <Chinese>弱视ameboid glia <Chinese>阿米巴样神经胶质细胞ameliorate <Chinese>改善amentia <Chinese>神错乱amiculum of olive <Chinese>橄榄核囊amikacin <Chinese>丁胺卡那霉素aminoacidurias <Chinese>氨基酸尿aminocaproic acid, EACA <Chinese>6-氨基己酸aminopyridine <Chinese>氨基比林amitriptyline<Chinese> 阿米替林amnesic <Chinese>遗忘amobarbital <Chinese>异戊巴比妥amoxycillin <Chinese>羟氨苄青霉素amphetamine <Chinese>苯丙胺amphetamines <Chinese>安非他命amplitude <Chinese>幅度amyotonia congenita <Chinese>先天性肌张力不全症amyotrophia <Chinese>肌萎缩amyotrophic lateral sclerosis <Chinese>肌萎缩性侧束硬化症anaerobic <Chinese>厌氧的anal reflex <Chinese>肛门反射analgesia <Chinese>痛觉缺失anencephaly<Chinese> 无脑anesthesia dolorosa <Chinese>痛性感觉缺失anesthesia <Chinese>感觉缺失aneurysms <Chinese>微动脉瘤aneuryson <Chinese>动脉瘤angiography <Chinese>血管造影angular gyrus <Chinese>角回anisocoria <Chinese>瞳孔不等大ankylosing spondylitis <Chinese>关节固定性脊柱炎anorexic <Chinese>厌食anosmia <Chinese>嗅觉缺失anosognosia <Chinese>病觉缺失anosognosia <Chinese>偏瘫否认ansamysin <Chinese>襻霉素anterior amygdaloid <Chinese>前杏仁区anterior cerebellar incesure <Chinese>小脑前切迹anterior commissure <Chinese>前连合anterior corticospinal tract <Chinese>皮质脊髓前束anterior fontanel <Chinese>前囟anterior horn of lateral ventricle <Chinese>侧脑室前角anterior lateral suleus <Chinese>前外侧沟anterior limb of internal capsule <Chinese>内囊前脚anterior median fissure <Chinese>前正中裂anterior medullary velum <Chinese>前髓帆anterior parolfactory suleus <Chinese>前旁嗅沟anterior perforated substania <Chinese>前穿质anterior speech cortex <Chinese>前说话区(Broca氏区) anterior spinocerebellar tract <Chinese>脊髓小脑前束anterior white commissure <Chinese>白质前连合anterior <Chinese>前anterior(ventral) funiculus <Chinese>前索(脊髓)anterior(ventral) horn <Chinese>前角(脊髓)anterior(ventral) root <Chinese>前根anterograde amnesia <Chinese>顺行性遗忘anterograde axoplasmic transport <Chinese>顺向轴浆输送anterograde degeneration <Chinese>顺行变性anterolateral corticospinal tract<Chinese>前外侧皮质脊髓束anterolateral <Chinese>前外侧anterolivary suleus <Chinese>橄榄前沟antiepilepsirin <Chinese>抗癫灵anxiety hysteria <Chinese>焦虑性癔病anxiety tension state <Chinese>焦虑紧张状态anxiety <Chinese>焦虑症aone of Obersteiner?Redlich <Chinese>奥贝斯坦纳?热里希氏带Apert syndrome <Chinese>塔头并指畸形症aphasia <Chinese>失语aphingolipid <Chinese>神经鞘脂apnoea <Chinese>窒息apoplectic coma <Chinese>中风性昏迷apraxia <Chinese>失用aprotinin <Chinese>抑肽酶arachnoid granulation <Chinese>蛛网膜颗粒arachnoid villi <Chinese>蛛网膜绒毛arachnoid <Chinese>蛛网膜arachnoiditis <Chinese>蛛网膜炎archeo cerebellum <Chinese>古小脑arcuocerebellar fibers<Chinese>弓状小脑纤维area postrema <Chinese>最后区area temporalis inferior <Chinese>颞下区area temporalis media <Chinese>颞中区area temporalis superior <Chinese>颞上区area temporalis transverse externa <Chinese>颞横外侧区area temporalis transverse interna <Chinese>颞横内侧区area <Chinese>区areflexia <Chinese>反射消失arfonad <Chinese>咪噻芬arginine <Chinese>精氨酸Arnold-Chiari malformation <Chinese>先天性小脑延髓下疝畸形arteriovenous malformation of brain <Chinese>脑动静脉畸形arteriovenous malformotion <Chinese>动静脉畸形arthroneuralgia<Chinese>关节神经痛articulation <Chinese>连接ascending reticular activing system <Chinese>网状上行激活系统ascending reticular inhibiting system <Chinese>网状上行抑制系统assessment <Chinese>评估association neuron<Chinese>联络神经元astereognosia <Chinese>立体觉失认asterixis <Chinese>扑翼样震颤asthenia <Chinese>衰弱asthenic syndrome <Chinese>脑衰弱综合征asthenocoria <Chinese>瞳孔反应迟钝astrocytoma <Chinese>星形细胞瘤astroglia cell <Chinese>星形胶质细胞asymmetrical synapse <Chinese>不对称型突触asymmetry <Chinese>不对称asymptomatic <Chinese>无症状asynchronism <Chinese>协调障碍asyndesis <Chinese>言语不能asynergy <Chinese>协同不能asystole <Chinese>心脏停搏atactic<Chinese> 协调不能atactiform <Chinese>共济失调样ataxia <Chinese>共济失调atelocephalous <Chinese>头发育不全atelocephaly<Chinese>头颅发育不全atenolol <Chinese>阿替洛尔athalposis <Chinese>温觉缺失atheroma <Chinese>粥样斑atherosclerosis <Chinese>动脉硬化athetosis <Chinese>手足徐动症atlanto-axial subluxation <Chinese>寰枢椎半脱位atonia <Chinese>肌张力缺失atonic bladder <Chinese>无张力性膀胱atopognosia <Chinese>位置觉缺失atremia <Chinese>歇斯底里性步行不能atretopsia <Chinese>瞳孔闭锁atypical absences <Chinese>非典型发作atypical <Chinese>非典型auditory evoked potential <Chinese>听觉诱发电位auditory hallucination <Chinese>幻听auditory radiation <Chinese>听辐射aural nystagmus <Chinese>耳原性眼球震颤aural vertigo <Chinese>耳源性眩晕aura<Chinese>先兆automatism <Chinese>自动症autonomic nervous system <Chinese>自主神经系autonomous bladder <Chinese>自主性膀胱autonomous neurogenic bladder <Chinese>自主神经原性膀胱autosomal <Chinese>常染色体autotomography <Chinese>自体感知不能autotophagnosia <Chinese>自体结构失认Avellis' Syndrome <Chinese>阿费利斯综合征(疑核脊髓丘脑性麻痹) avulsion of scalp <Chinese>头皮撕裂伤axis <Chinese>枢椎axo-axonal synapse <Chinese>轴-轴突触axo-dendritic synapse <Chinese>轴-树突触axolemma <Chinese>轴膜axon hillock <Chinese>轴丘axonotmesis <Chinese>轴突中断axon <Chinese>轴突axophage <Chinese>噬髓鞘细胞axoplasmic flow <Chinese>轴浆流axoplasmic transport <Chinese>轴浆输送axopodium <Chinese>轴伪足axo-somatic synapse <Chinese>轴-体突触axosopongium <Chinese>轴突海绵质axo-spinous synapse <Chinese>轴-棘突触Ayala's index <Chinese>阿亚拉指数(脑脊液压指数)Ayer's test <Chinese>艾尔试验(检测椎管阻滞)aypnia <Chinese>失眠azathioprine <Chinese>硫唑嘌呤azidothymidine, AZT<Chinese> 叠氮胸苷Babinski sign <Chinese>巴彬斯基征Babinski-Nageotte syndrome <Chinese>延髓腹外侧综合征Backer muscular dystrophy <Chinese>贝克肌营养不良backward progression <Chinese>后退步态baclofen <Chinese>氯苯氨丁酸Baillarger's line <Chinese>贝亚尔若线(大脑皮层锥体细胞层内的白色带) Balint syndrome <Chinese>巴林特综合征(双侧顶－枕区损害) ballismus <Chinese>投掷症Balo disease <Chinese>巴娄病(同心层型轴周性脑炎)band of Kaes?Bechterew <Chinese>卡依斯?贝克特如氏带Barany's pointing test <Chinese>巴腊尼指向试验(检脑损害)Barany's symptom <Chinese>巴腊尼症状(冷热水试验)barbitalism <Chinese>巴比妥中毒Bard's sign <Chinese>巴尔德征(眼球震颤征)Barre-Guillain Syndrome <Chinese>急性热病性多神经炎Barre-Lieou Syndrome <Chinese>后颈交感神经综合征barrier <Chinese>屏障baryencephalia <Chinese>智力迟钝baryesthesia <Chinese>压觉baryglossia <Chinese>言语拙笨binocular hemianopia <Chinese>双眼偏盲binocular microscope <Chinese>双目显微镜Binswanger disease<Chinese> 宾斯万格病(皮质下脑病)biopsy <Chinese>活检Biot's respiration <Chinese>比奥呼吸(间歇性呼吸暂停,见于颅内压增高) bipolar neuron <Chinese>双极神经元bitamporal <Chinese>颞侧bitemporal hemianopia <Chinese>颞侧偏盲bithionol <Chinese>硫双二氯酚black-out syndrome <Chinese>黑蒙综合征blackouts <Chinese>黑朦bladder <Chinese>膀胱blastoneuropore <Chinese>胚神经孔blepharoptosis <Chinese>睑下垂blepharospasm <Chinese>睑痉挛blink reflex <Chinese>瞬目反射blink <Chinese>眨眼blood-brain barrier <Chinese>血脑屏障blood-CSF barrier <Chinese>血脑脊液屏障blood-nervus barrier <Chinese>血神经屏障Blumenau's nucleus <Chinese>布路门奥核(楔核外侧核)Blumenbach's clivus <Chinese>布卢门巴赫斜坡(与枕骨底突相连的蝶骨斜坡) Blumenbach's process <Chinese>筛骨钩突blurring <Chinese>模糊body of lateral ventricle <Chinese>侧脑室体部body, corpus, complex <Chinese>体Bonnier's syndrome <Chinese>邦尼埃综合征(前庭神经外侧核或前庭束损害) Bornholm disease <Chinese>流行性肌痛Bourneville's disease <Chinese>结节硬化症boutons en passant <Chinese>旁结boutons terminaus <Chinese>终结bouts <Chinese>发作bowel <Chinese>直肠boxing encephalopathy <Chinese>拳击员脑炎brachcephaly <Chinese>短头brachial plexus <Chinese>臂丛brachium conjunctivum <Chinese>结合臂brachium pontis <Chinese>脑桥臂brachium <Chinese>臂brachycranic <Chinese>短颅的(颅指数为81.0至84.9)bradycardia <Chinese>心动过缓bradykinesia <Chinese>运动迟缓bradylalia <Chinese>言语迟缓bradylexia <Chinese>阅读过慢bradylogia <Chinese>言语过慢bradyphemia <Chinese>言语过慢bradyphrasia <Chinese>迟语症bradyphrenia <Chinese>智力迟钝(流行性乙型脑炎)bradypragia <Chinese>动作过慢brain, encephalon<Chinese> 脑Brain's reflex <Chinese>布雷恩反射(当病人采取四足位置时,偏瘫性屈曲上臂伸直)brainstem <Chinese>脑干briskly <Chinese>活跃Brissaud's syndrome <Chinese>交叉性面痉挛偏瘫综合征Broca's area <Chinese>布若卡氏区Brodmann's areas <Chinese>布劳德曼区(大脑皮层细胞结构分区) bromazepam <Chinese>溴基安定bromazolam <Chinese>宁神定bromocriptine <Chinese>溴隐亭Brown-Sequard syndorme <Chinese>脊髓半切综合征Brudzinski sign <Chinese>布鲁金斯基征Bruns' syndrome <Chinese>布伦斯综合征(第四脑室包囊虫眩晕综合征) Budge's center <Chinese>布吉氏中枢Buerger disease <Chinese>闭塞性血栓性脉管炎bufetolol <Chinese>丁呋心安Buiswangen disease <Chinese>缺血性白质脑病bulbar paralysis <Chinese>球麻痹Burdach's columns <Chinese>布尔达赫柱(脊髓楔束)Burdach's fasciculus <Chinese>布尔达赫束(大脑上纵束)Burdach's fibers <Chinese>布尔达赫纤维Burdach's fissure <Chinese>布尔达赫裂(脑岛外侧面和岛盖内面间裂) Burdach's nucleus <Chinese>布尔达赫核(楔束核)buspirone <Chinese>丁螺环酮cabernous sinus <Chinese>海绵窦cacesthesia <Chinese>感觉异常cachinntion <Chinese>癔病狂笑cafe au lait spots <Chinese>咖啡牛乳色斑caffeine <Chinese>咖啡因Caffey disease <Chinese>婴儿骨皮质增生症Cajal's cells <Chinese>卡哈尔细胞(星形胶质细胞)Cajal's double method <Chinese>卡哈尔双重染色法(显示神经节细胞) Cajal's method <Chinese>卡哈尔染色法(显示星形胶质细胞)calan <Chinese>卡兰calcar avis <Chinese>禽距calcarine fissure <Chinese>距状裂calcified <Chinese>钙化Calleja's islets <Chinese>卡耶哈岛(海马回嗅觉小岛) callosal suleus <Chinese>胼胝体沟callosum<Chinese> 胼胝体caloric nystagmus <Chinese>温热性眼球震颤caloric test<Chinese>冷热试验Canavan disease <Chinese>海绵状脑白质营养不良症candida <Chinese>念珠菌canine hysteria <Chinese>犬惊病canine spasm <Chinese>痉笑caprylhydroxamic acid <Chinese>辛酰氧肟酸capsule <Chinese>囊carbamazepine <Chinese>卡马西平carbechal <Chinese>氨甲酰胆碱carbenicillin <Chinese>羧苄青霉素carbidopa <Chinese>卡比多巴cardiac plexus <Chinese>心丛cardio-accelerating center<Chinese>心加速中枢cardio-encephalopathy <Chinese>心性脑病cardio-inhibitor center <Chinese>心抑制中枢cardioneurosis <Chinese>神经性循环衰弱cardioplegia <Chinese>心麻痹carotid angiograpathy <Chinese>颈动脉血管造影carotid bifuracation <Chinese>颈动脉分叉carotid compression <Chinese>压颈动脉试验carotid sinus reflex <Chinese>颈动脉窦反射carotid sinus syncope <Chinese>颈动脉窦性晕厥carpal tunnel syndrome <Chinese>腕管综合征carteolol <Chinese>喹酮心安cartid-cavernous fistula <Chinese>颈动脉海绵窦瘘caseating <Chinese>干酪样cataplexy <Chinese>猝倒catatonia <Chinese>紧张症catatonic pupil <Chinese>紧张性瞳孔catecholamine <Chinese>儿茶酚胺categories <Chinese>类型cauda equins <Chinese>马尾(脊髓)causalgia <Chinese>灼性神经痛cavernous sinus <Chinese>海绵窦综合征cefadroxil <Chinese>头孢拉定cefaloridine <Chinese>头孢噻啶cefathiamidine <Chinese>头孢硫脒celiac plexus <Chinese>腹腔丛cellulitis <Chinese>蜂窝织炎cenral spinal cord dyndrome <Chinese>脊髓中央综合征center <Chinese>中枢centers of autonomic nerve<Chinese>自主神经中枢central canal <Chinese>中央管central core disease <Chinese>中央轴突症central excitatory state <Chinese>中枢兴奋状态central gray substance <Chinese>中央灰质central pain <Chinese>中枢性疼痛central sulcus <Chinese>中央沟central suleus of insula <Chinese>岛中央沟central tegmental tract <Chinese>被盖中央束centraphose <Chinese>中枢性暗觉centrifuged deposit <Chinese>离心后沉淀centrokinesia <Chinese>中枢性运动cephalgia <Chinese>头痛cephalic flexure <Chinese>头曲cephalin <Chinese>脑磷脂cephalitis <Chinese>脑炎cephalocele <Chinese>脑膨出cephalocentesis <Chinese>头颅穿刺术cephalochord <Chinese>头索cephalodynia <Chinese>头痛cephaloplegia <Chinese>头面肌瘫痪cephalothin sodium <Chinese>头孢噻吩钠cephaoexin <Chinese>头孢氨苄cephazolin sodium <Chinese>头孢唑啉钠ceptriaxone <Chinese>头孢噻肟二嗪ceramidase <Chinese>神经鞘氨醇酶ceramide glucoside <Chinese>葡糖脑苷脂ceramide trihexoside <Chinese>神经鞘氨醇己三糖苷ceramide <Chinese>神经鞘氨醇cerebellar ataxia <Chinese>小脑共济失调cerebellar atrophy <Chinese>小脑萎缩cerebellar corpus <Chinese>小脑体cerebellar cortex <Chinese>小脑皮质cerebellar ectopia <Chinese>小脑外疝cerebellar hemisphere syndrome <Chinese>小脑半球综合征cerebellar hemisphere <Chinese>小脑半球cerebellar plate <Chinese>小脑板cerebellar pressure cone <Chinese>小脑压迫圆锥cerebellar tonsillar herniation <Chinese>小脑扁桃体疝cerebellitis <Chinese>小脑炎cerebello- olivary fibers<Chinese>小脑橄榄纤维cerebellomedullary cistern <Chinese>小脑延髓池cerebellopontine angle <Chinese>小脑桥脑角cerebelloreticular fibers <Chinese>小脑网状纤维cerebellorubral fibers <Chinese>小脑红核纤维cerebellovestibular fibers <Chinese>小脑前庭纤维cerebellum <Chinese>小脑cerebral abscess <Chinese>脑脓肿cerebral agenesis <Chinese>大脑发育不全cerebral angiograpathy <Chinese>脑血管造影cerebral atrophy <Chinese>大脑萎缩cerebral commissure <Chinese>大脑连合cerebral contusion <Chinese>脑挫伤cerebral cortex <Chinese>大脑皮质cerebral cysticercosis <Chinese>脑囊虫病cerebral diaplegia <Chinese>脑性双侧瘫痪cerebral dysgenesis <Chinese>脑发育障碍cerebral edema <Chinese>脑水肿cerebral embolism <Chinese>脑栓塞cerebral haemorrhage <Chinese>脑出血cerebral hemisphere <Chinese>大脑半球cerebral infarction <Chinese>脑梗死cerebral ischemia <Chinese>脑缺血cerebral lipidosis <Chinese>脑脂质增多症cerebral malacia <Chinese>脑软化cerebral paragonimiasis <Chinese>脑型肺吸虫病cerebral peduncle <Chinese>大脑脚cerebral plasy <Chinese>脑性瘫痪cerebral schistosomiasis <Chinese>脑型血吸虫病cerebral sclerosis <Chinese>脑硬化症cerebral spasm <Chinese>大脑性痉挛cerebral thrombosis <Chinese>脑血栓形成cerebral-arteriosclerotic dementia <Chinese>脑动脉硬化性痴呆cerebriform <Chinese>脑形的cerebritis <Chinese>脑炎cerebrocuprein <Chinese>脑铜蛋白cerebrogalactose <Chinese>脑半乳糖cerebrogalactoside <Chinese>脑半乳糖苷脂cerebrohyphoid <Chinese>脑组织样的cerebroid <Chinese>脑形的cerebrolysin <Chinese>脑活素cerebroma <Chinese>脑瘤cerebromacular degeneration <Chinese>大脑黄斑变性症cerebromalacia <Chinese>脑软化cerebromeningitis <Chinese>脑膜脑炎cerebron <Chinese>羟脑苷脂cerebropathy <Chinese>脑病cerebrosclerosis <Chinese>脑硬化cerebrose <Chinese>脑半乳糖cerebroside <Chinese>脑苷脂类cerebrosidosis <Chinese>脑苷脂沉积病cerebrosis <Chinese>脑病cerebrospinal fluid <Chinese>脑脊液cerebrospinal leak <Chinese>脑脊液漏cerebrospinal rhinorrhea <Chinese>脑脊液鼻漏cerebrospinase <Chinese>脑脊液氧化酶cerebrovascular accident <Chinese>脑血管意外cerebrum <Chinese>大脑ceroid <Chinese>蜡样质ceruloplasmin <Chinese>血浆铜蓝蛋白cervical ansa <Chinese>颈袢cervical enlargement <Chinese>颈膨大(脊髓)cervical flexure <Chinese>颈曲cervical plexus <Chinese>颈丛cervical rib syndrome <Chinese>颈肋综合征cervical rigidity <Chinese>颈强直cervical spondylosis <Chinese>颈关节强直cervical vertigo <Chinese>颈性眩晕cervical <Chinese>颈的Cestan-Chenais syndrome <Chinese>副－舌下神经麻痹综合征Chaddoch sign <Chinese>查多克征Chamberlain's line <Chinese>硬腭枕大孔(张伯伦)线Charcot's foot <Chinese>夏科氏足(脊髓痨性关节病患者的畸形足)Charcot's gait <Chinese>夏科氏步态(家族性共济失调步态)Charcot's joint <Chinese>夏科氏关节(神经原性关节病)Charcot's syndrome<Chinese>夏科氏综合征(肌萎缩性侧索硬化,间歇性跛行,肝病性间歇热)Charcot's triad <Chinese>夏科氏三征(眼球震颤,意向震颤,断音言语见于多发性硬化症)Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease <Chinese>腓骨肌萎缩征Chassalgnac's tubercle <Chinese>夏桑亚克结节(第六颈椎横突的颈动脉结节) chemical synapse <Chinese>化学突触Cheyne-Stokes nystagmus <Chinese>节律性眼球震颤chiasmatic cistern <Chinese>交叉池childhood dystrophy <Chinese>儿童营养不良chitoneure <Chinese>神经膜鞘chlomezanone <Chinese>芬那露chloral hydrate <Chinese>水合氯醛chloramphenicol <Chinese>氯霉素chlorazepate <Chinese>二钾氯氮卓chloridiazepoxide <Chinese>利眠宁chlorimipramine <Chinese>氯丙咪嗪chlormezanone <Chinese>氯苯甲酮chloroquine <Chinese>氯喹chlorpromazine <Chinese>氯丙嗪chlorprothixene <Chinese>泰尔登chlorthialidone <Chinese>氯噻酮chocking <Chinese>窒息cholesteatom <Chinese>胆脂瘤cholestipol <Chinese>降胆宁cholestyramine <Chinese>消胆胺考来烯胺cholinergic <Chinese>胆碱能cholinesterase <Chinese>胆碱脂酶cholinolytic <Chinese>抗胆碱cholinomimetic <Chinese>类胆碱chondroitine <Chinese>硫酸软骨素chorda tympani <Chinese>鼓索支chordiazepoxide <Chinese>氯氮平chordoma <Chinese>脊索瘤chorea <Chinese>舞蹈病choreiform <Chinese>舞蹈病样的choreoathetosis <Chinese>舞蹈手足徐动症choroid epithelium <Chinese>脉络丛上皮choroid fissure <Chinese>脉络裂choroid plexus of fourth ventricle <Chinese>第四脑室脉络丛choroid plexus of lateral ventricle <Chinese>侧脑室脉络丛choroid plexus of third ventricle <Chinese>第三脑室脉络丛choroid plexus <Chinese>脉络丛choroid <Chinese>脉络膜chromidial substance <Chinese>嗜染质chromphil substance <Chinese>染色质chronic progressive inflammatory polyneuropathy <Chinese>慢性进行性炎症性多发性神经病chronotaraxia <Chinese>定时不能Chyne-Stokes respiration <Chinese>潮式呼吸ciliary medullary center <Chinese>延髓睫状体中枢ciliospinal center <Chinese>睫脊中枢cillary neuragia <Chinese>睫状神经痛cimetidine <Chinese>西米替丁(甲氰咪呱)cinerea <Chinese>灰质cingulate gyrus <Chinese>扣带回cingulate suleus <Chinese>扣带沟cingulectomy<Chinese> 扣带回切除术cingulumotomy <Chinese>扣带回切开术cinnarizine <Chinese>脑益嗪(肉桂苯哌嗪)circle of Willis <Chinese>脑底动脉环circumventricular organ <Chinese>室周器cis-platinum <Chinese>顺铂cistern <Chinese>池cisternal puncture <Chinese>小脑延髓池穿刺Clarke's cells <Chinese>克拉克细胞(脊髓背核色素细胞) clasmatodendrosis <Chinese>星形胶质细胞突破折clasp knife phenomenon <Chinese>折刀现象clasp-knife <Chinese>折刀样Claude's hyperkinesis sign <Chinese>克洛德运动增强征(疼痛刺激时瘫痪肌肉的反射性动作)Claude's syndrome <Chinese>克洛德综合征(一侧动眼神经瘫痪,对侧协同不能,讷吃)claw-hand <Chinese>爪形手clindamycin <Chinese>克林霉素clomipramine <Chinese>氯丙咪嗪clonazepam <Chinese>氯硝安定clonic seizure <Chinese>阵挛发作clonic spasm <Chinese>阵挛性痉挛clonidine <Chinese>氯压定clonus <Chinese>阵挛cloxacillin <Chinese>邻氯青霉素coccidioidomycosis of brain <Chinese>脑隐球菌病coccygeal <Chinese>尾的cochlear duct <Chinese>蜗管cochlear <Chinese>迷路cochleostapedial reflex <Chinese>镫骨肌反射coenzyme A <Chinese>辅酶-Acoffin formation <Chinese>柩状形成(神经细胞被吞噬) cogwheel rigidity <Chinese>齿轮样强直Cohnheim's areas <Chinese>孔海姆区(肌原纤维的多边形暗区) coiling reflex <Chinese>蟠曲反射collateral eminence <Chinese>侧副隆起collateral suleus <Chinese>侧副沟collateral trigone <Chinese>侧副三角Collet-Sicard syndrome <Chinese>颅底综合征colliculocochleunuclear projection <Chinese>下丘蜗核投射colliculo-olivary projection <Chinese>下丘上橄榄投射colliculus <Chinese>丘coma <Chinese>昏迷comatose <Chinese>昏迷commissure of inferior colliculus <Chinese>下丘连合commissure <Chinese>连合communicating hydrocephalus<Chinese>交通性脑积水compensate<Chinese>代偿compound microscope <Chinese>复式显微镜compression of the brain <Chinese>脑受压compression <Chinese>压迫concha of cranium <Chinese>颅盖concussion of brain <Chinese>脑震荡concussion of spinal cord <Chinese>脊髓震荡concussional <Chinese>震荡Cone test <Chinese>脑脊液动力检查confluence of sinus<Chinese> 窦汇congenital myopathy <Chinese>先天性肌病congenital <Chinese>先天性congruous hemianopia <Chinese>同侧偏盲conjugate <Chinese>共轭conjunctival reflex <Chinese>结膜反射consciousness <Chinese>意识consensual reflex <Chinese>间接光反射consensual <Chinese>间接constipation <Chinese>便秘constitutional <Chinese>原发性contraiadicate <Chinese>禁忌contralateral <Chinese>对侧contrecoup injury <Chinese>对冲性损害contusion of spinal cord <Chinese>脊髓挫伤contusion <Chinese>挫伤conus medullaris <Chinese>圆锥(脊髓)convalescent <Chinese>恢复convergence defect <Chinese>会聚障碍convergence spasm <Chinese>会聚痉挛conversion hysteria <Chinese>转换性癔病convuision <Chinese>惊厥coordination <Chinese>协调coprolalia <Chinese>秽语症cornea <Chinese>角膜corneal reflex <Chinese>角膜反射cornucopia <Chinese>外侧隐窝(第四脑室)corona radiation <Chinese>辐射冠coronal <Chinese>冠状的corpus callosum <Chinese>胼胝体corpus Luysi <Chinese>路易斯氏体corpus quadrigemina <Chinese>四叠体corpus straitum <Chinese>纹状体corssed hemianopia <Chinese>异侧偏盲cortex <Chinese>皮质Corti's arch <Chinese>蜗螺旋神经节corticectomy <Chinese>脑皮层切除术cortico- olivary fibers <Chinese>皮质橄榄纤维corticobulbar tract <Chinese>皮质脑干束corticocerebral <Chinese>大脑皮层的corticocollicular projection <Chinese>皮质下丘投射corticonuclear tract <Chinese>皮质核束corticopontine tract <Chinese>皮质脑桥束corticoreticular fibers <Chinese>皮质网状纤维corticostriatal fibers <Chinese>皮质纹状体纤维cortico-striato-spinal degeneration <Chinese>皮质－纹状体－脊髓变性。
社会医学英语_单词
Unit 11.to have early (memories )记忆of2.(experimental )实验性的science3.surgical (maneuver )技术动作4.colorful (solutions )溶液5.（sophisticated ）复杂或尖端的experiments6.(budding )萌芽的interest7.(stray )走失的cats8.to (anesthetize )麻醉9.（treasured ）珍藏的papers10.the (concluding )结尾的paragraph11.from an (altruistic )利他的viewpoint of12.to (shape )build a career13.(congenital )innate abnormalities14.to (correct )矫正surgically15.(healing )cure and comfort16.to (document )用文献证明one’s success17.(routine )惯常的operations18.(pediatric )儿科的surgery19.to establish a surgical (specialty )专业20.（mortality ）rate 死亡率21.（survival ）rate 存活率22.a (gentle )温柔的touch23.（fragile ）脆弱的emotions24.to do (a full justice )to 尽力做好25.the human (dimension ) aspect, side of science26.to ( withstand )顶住the critics27.to (dismiss )撤销the warnings28.to talk (sternly )严厉的to sb.29.the most (vulnerable )弱势群体30.（high risk ）高危groups31.to live (in poverty )贫穷32.on the (fringes )边缘of33.the scientific research (community )界34.to (fulfill )accomplish the historic goals35.to (prolong )extend life36.to (alleviate )relieve suffering37.a new scientific (progress )advance38.the ( dictate )控制of economics39.the (intrusion )闯入Into medical education40.to (file for )申请bankruptcy41.(bottom-line )profit oriented managers42.to do one’s fair (share )part43.the (tense )fierce competition44.the greatest (epoch )时代of medical research45.(short term )短期的profits46.(immediately )眼前的gratification47.a (refurbished )reformed partnership48.to find a new (equilibrium )balance49.to (prevail )胜于over sth.50.physician (professionalism )职业道德51.our highest (aspiration )ideals52.the (wellbeing )health of every individual53.in the course of one’s (gravest )及其needs54.financial (vulnerability )脆弱55.to set the fundamental (priority )优先56.(affordable )支付得起health care57.(unsubstantiated )无确实根据的claims58.a (diminished )reduced opportunity59.to (envision )憧憬a future60.to (equate )with 等同于61.to (pander to ) sb. 迎合某人62.the (dignity ) 尊严of the human condition63.(tangible )切实的resources64.limitless (compassion )同情65.whimsical and (fraudulent )欺骗的Unit 21.(transmitted ) spread by bacteria2.to (touch )涉及all of our lives3.average life (expectancy )span4.to (strike )侵袭people of all ages5.improved (sanitation )卫生措施6.distribution and (storage )贮藏7.the (principle )major causes of death8.(cirrhosis )硬化of the liver9.( dominant )占主导的factors10.to take a (toll on )危害11.physical and mental (wellbeing )health12.a (perceived )察觉danger or threat13.sweaty (palms )手掌14.(tensed )紧张muscles15.( knotted ) 打结stomach16.universal and (predictable )可预言的17.prehistoric (ancestor )祖先18.normal (baseline )基线functioning19.(ground-breaking )突破性的research20.(primitive )原始的man21.to achieve (peak )最佳的performance22.to meet the (deadline )截止日期23.under such (circumstance )conditions24.(religious )宗教的faith25.(interpersonal )人与人之间的stressors26.(fellow )workers colleagues27.(anxiety )焦虑or guilt28.biochemical (makeup )structure29.to (mobilize )调动the body’s defenses30.in times of (emergency )紧急情况31.an （internalized ）使内在化feeling32.a ticking (time bomb )定时炸弹33.the potent (hormones )激素34.immune (mechanism )机制35.（global ）worldwide health36.economic (inequities )不公正37.political (corruption )腐败38.（chronic ）慢性的diseases39.worldwide phenomenon( )现象40.（scarce ）not plentiful resources41.food (security )保障42.obesity (epidemic )流行病43.to (address )deal with fundamental causes44.(extra )额外的income45.market (economy )经济46.（expendable ）可消费的income47.aggressively (marketing )营销foods48.(nutritional )营养的value49.(sedentary )久坐的behavior50.to take an (extreme )极端的example51.(census )人口普查categories52.(overabundant )过剩的food53.armies of (lobbyists )说客54.economic (implication )含意55.to （reverse ）逆转the obesity epidemicernment (agency )机构57.primary (mission )使命58.（ambiguity ）模凌两可of federal guideline59.food guide (pyramid )金字塔60.（conflict ）冲突of interest61.leadership (vacuum )真空62.legal （metrics ）法律依据63.（rapt ）全神贯注的attention64.to (promote/advocate )提倡better policies65.(junk )垃圾food66.farm (allowances/subsidies )津贴67.matter （pertaining to ）涉及Unit 31.(nonrenewable )非再生的resources2.To become (resistant )抗药的to all available drug treatments.3. A (virulent )剧毒的致命的bacterium4.(life-threatening )fatal infections5.Hospital-based (cousins )同类菌株6.erythromycin and (tetracycline )四环素7.this drug of (resort )最后一招8.the (migration )迁移，移居patterns9.(outbreak )突发of multi-resistant strains10.the (original )原发的infected person11.(respiration tract )呼吸道infections12.an (exponential )指数的rate of increase13.to have particular (relevant )相关性for14.(profound )serious problems15.(neurological )神经的impairment16.（viral ）病毒的infection17.developing and (marketing )市场营销antibiotics18.(pharmaceutical )制药的companies19.general (complacency )自满20.bacterial （adaptability ）适应性21.bacterial (enzymes )酶22.the general (community )public23.growth (promoters )催生剂24.（commercial ）商业的and economic benefits25.the food (chain )链26.bacterial (meningitis ) 脑膜炎27.the effective (vaccine )疫苗program28.good (hygiene 卫生29.to prevent (cross-infection )交叉感染occurring30.the (pre-antibiotic )抗生素前的era31.an (alarming ) disconcerting experience32.(renowned )well-known famous scientists and doctors33.to confront the dreadful (prospect )前景34.careless ( prescribing )处方过量35.(reservoirs )储存宿主of antibiotic resistant bacteria36.isolation in a (sanatorium )疗养院37.cuts and (scratches )擦伤38.septicemia and (syphilis )梅毒39.to end in (insanity )精神错乱40.to reduce the use of antibiotics (minimum )最低限度的41.media (campaign )活动42.general resistance (mechanism )机理43.isolation (wards )隔离病房44.（tighter ）严格的control of usage45.to acquire (mutation )突变46.to look (grim )严酷的47.without （parallel ）平行的progressUnit 41.To feel sour (nausea )恶心2.At my first (glimpse )一瞥of3.White blood cell (count )白细胞计数4.Acute lymphoblastic (leukemia )白血病5. A (rousing/inspiring )鼓舞人心的success6.(sequential )thought processes 顺序思维步骤7.To ( stomp )践踏it flat8.To tie it into (knot )结9.To (escalate )加剧her fear10.(flannel )法兰绒gown11.The tiny, （hunched ）弓起背的figure12.(desperately )拼命地trying to13.To (drift off )迷迷糊糊睡着了with a smile on her face14.(fragile )脆弱的child15.Safe (sedatives )镇静剂止痛剂16.To weep with (gratitude )感激17.To practice the (mechanism )技艺18.(scheduled )预约patients19.(recurrent )复发lymphedema20.( intermittent )间歇的cellulites21.Hot (flash )潮热22.（cervical ）颈的spondylosis23.(residual )残留的deficit24.(periodic )周期的depressive episodes25.Maxillary (sinus )窦穴26.To (recall )回忆prior conversations27.(subcutaneous )皮下的atrophy28.The ( surrounding )周围的tissue29.To (escort )护送her sister30.To (reassure )使安心my patient31.To reorder its (content )内容32.to (help )关爱the people33.to (discard )抛弃some of the heavier contentsUnit 51.The(medico-legal )法医学的standard2.(malpractice )医疗事故liability3.To feel (compelled )强迫to point out4.a(personalized )个人化relationship with a patient5.(diagnostic )诊断的and therapeutic measures6.The(conscientious )尽责的practitioner7.Patient(assessment ) 评估8.In a logical, (stepwise )逐步的fashion9.To use time and resources(optimally )最佳的10.The (academic )学术的standard of care11. A (ritualized )模式化approach to patient management12.(rational )理性的decision making13.(evidence based )循证medicine14.To (confirm )证实my impression15.To introduce a new (dimension )因素16.To achieve (utilization )利用17.Malpractice (allegation )指控18. A brief loss of consciousness due to a (concussion )脑震荡19.Diagnostic and therapeutic (intervention )干涉20.Clinically most (efficacious )effective21. A cheaper multidrug (regimen )疗法22.For the (sake )purpose of profit23.( monetary )金钱的efficiency24.Viewed from a financial (perspective )angle25.Moral, ethical, and (humanistic )人道主义的26.The (code )of conduct行为准则27.To (address )meet, satisfy the patient’s needs and desires28.The separate (entities )实体29.Every diagnostic or treatment (modality )形式30.To upset the ( juggling )杂耍act31.To (compromise )危及yourself32.The technological (expansion )扩大33. A witty, well-known ( panel )专门小组34.To everyone’s surprise and (consternation )惊愕35. A (critically )ill patient病危病人36.（intensive ）care unite重症监护室37.（tertiary ）三级care center38.Atria l (fibrillation ) 房颤39.Hypotensive and (febrile )发烧的40.The general (outline )概要41.(urinary )尿的output42.to keep (vigil )守夜at the bedside43.to try desperately to (ascertain )弄清44.to go (awry )出了差错45. a (surfeit )过多of specialists in urban areas46.to (diffuse )减弱responsibility47.to (dilute )冲淡authority48.to begin (insidiously )隐伏的49.aged and (demented )精神病的patients50.the (distraught )心烦意乱的family51.the( falling )heart心力衰竭52.to （assert ）声称one’s role53.old-fashioned (generalist )通科医生Unit 62.To (confront ) face the human species3.an aggressively (litigious )好诉讼的society4.sharply disagreeing medical (ethicist )伦理学家5.Ethical (principles )原则6.the Hippocratic (oath )宣誓7.neatly (formulated )系统的阐述into a list of standards8.the principle of (beneficence )善良9.the principle of (nonmaleficence )不犯罪10.the principle of (justice )公正11.patient (autonomy )自主权12.the hospice (movement )临终关怀13.in (harmony )agreement with14.to (subordinate )……位于较低级别healing to some other function15.to (violate )触犯the nature of medicine16.(subservient )从属的to the primary task of curing17.(religious )宗教的ethics18.the (sanctity )神圣of human life19.to (sustain )preserve life20.assisted (suicide )安乐死21.medical ( judgment ) approaches22.to judge their (efficacy )疗效23.the (paternalistic )家长式作风的model24.(utilitarian )功利的or situational25.the (maximization )最大值化of pleasure26.the (minimization )最小值化of pain27.to (constitute )form the fundamental values28.(moral )道德上judgment29.(probable )likely outcomes30.the weighing of (alternatives )choices, options31.the (intrinsic )本质的sanctity of life32.a medical (consultant )咨询者33.to (lay out )display options34.(terminate )patients 临终病人35.（prolonged ）拖延的suffering36.a utilitarian (morality )道德37.to constitute a (breach )违背of their medical ethics38.a (dim )暗淡的outlook39.to go into (remission )疾病好转40.vital life-support (mechanisms )仪器设备41.to (render ) make judgmentrge (setback )疾病复发43.an (executive )主管人员at IBM44.( be stricken )with the same disease45.rheumatoid (arthritis )关节炎46.（internal）organs 内脏47.to (hold down )have a job48.on the ( horizon )即将来临49.to hang (ominously )恶兆的over our heads50.the medical ( community )医务界51.humane (euthanasia )安乐死52.the medical (establishment )医疗制度53.a lethal ( dose )剂量of medication54.a （paradigm ）model, pattern shiftcational (curriculum )课程56.insulin to treat (diabetes )糖尿病57.( routine )常规interventions58.to ( succumb of )die of kidney failure59.multiple organ (transplants )移植60.the (dilemma )困境of dying61.to free physicians from (prosecution )起诉62.（peer ）同事pressure63.a ( tangible )有形的and measurable occurrence64.a (roundtable )圆桌的discussion65.( striking )startling advances66.the (ultimate )最终的form of liberty67.the ( forefront )重点of discussionUnit 71.to give birth to (triples )三胞胎2.to serve as a (surrogate )代孕mother3.implanted with an (embryos )胚胎4.fertilized (in vitro )体外5.to range from astonishment to ( )反感6.to pose legal and ethical (dilemmas )困境7.put in frozen (storage )储存8.to be taken(aback )吃惊9.to range from distaste to (revulsion )厌恶10.artificial (insemination )授精11.the (uterus )子宫of the surrogate12.to carry the fetus to ( term )足月13.to (deliver )生the baby14.(infertile )不孕的couples15.embryo transfer ( pregnancy )怀孕16.the (morality )道德of surrogacy17.(proponents )supporters of surrogacy18.to be permitted and even (facilitated )使便利19.to (fulfill )meet satisfy a biological and emotional need20.biological (inheritance )遗传21.(reproductive )生殖的freedom22.the right to (abortion )流产23.to ( grant )offer informed consent24.to be (diagnosed )诊断with25.to establish a (precedent )先例26.a (marrow )骨髓donor27.to be born (disabled )伤残的28.the (adopting )收养的parents29.a (legitimate )合法的right30.to (assume )take responsibility31.(visitation )探望rights32.( alternative )可选择的ways of dong sth33.to treat water supply with (chlorination )氯化34.chlorinated (hydrocarbons )氯代烃35.（carcinogenic ）致癌的potential36.（waterborne ）水传播的infection37.chlorine （addition ）添加38.a (prescription )处方drug39.a painful (arthritic )关节炎的condition40.a health (maintenance )维护organization41.(cardiac )心脏的malfunction42.control （subjects ）对照组43.（over-the-counter ）非处方drugs44.( anti-inflammatory )消炎drugs45.(consultation )咨询with your physician46.to continue the drug (regime )治疗47.risk/benefit ( assessment )评估48.a growing scientific ( consensus )一致同意49.the ( emission )散发of carbon dioxide50.(greenhouse )温室gases51.(global ) warming 全球变暖52.to (entail )承担increasing risks53.( proliferation )扩散of fissile material54.(extreme )极端的weather eventsUnit 81. a member of a (cavalcade )team2.the (promise )预示of DNA research3.(molecular )分子的biology4.medical (application )应用5.the （evolution ）进化of the human species6.the ( applied )应用的biological sciences7.the human (genome )基因组sequence8.(lavish )过度的promises9.( predictive )预测的medicine10.therapies ( tailored )适合for each individual11.to ( conquer )战胜aging12.in a (diseased )患病的state13.the common （affliction ）ills14.the environmental (components )成分15.linkage (disequilibrium )连锁不平衡16.in the public and private (sector )部分17.at a low/high (resolution )分辨率18.(flawed )使有缺陷by incorrect diagnosis19.(unresolved )未解决的multiple genetic effects20.based on the (proposition )主张21.the (prime )primary value of our work22.a new public health (paradigm )model23.our (somatic )肉体的selves24.the diseases of our (civilization )文明25.in the large public (domain )领域26.the (luxury )奢侈of killing themselves by over nutrition27.to take a terrible (toll )造成大量伤亡28.（compelling ）convincing examples29.( abstruse )深奥的discussions30.to balance the (equate )equilibrium31.to (stand up for )safeguard all humanity32.an (out of body )experience离体试验33.a (distant )remote planet34.a (surreal )超现实主义moment of shock and disorientation35.(filtered )过滤and redefined36.the fragility and (impermanence )无常of life37.(diagnosed )诊断with cancer38.the fear of ( recurrence )复发39.our current (predicament )困境40.to (nurture )养育and educate oneself41.the ( suicide )自杀terrorists42.confusing and (terrifying )可怕的43.in every (conceivable )可能的way44.the (ultimate )最终的outcome45.to stay (on course )正确方向46.a (permanent )ever-lasting fight47.(dormant )隐匿的cancer cells48.an (unsettling )使人不安的loss of control49.the （hidden ）隐藏的gift50.values and (priorities )优先考虑的事51.emotional (landscape ) 心田52.a sense of (peace )安宁Unit 91. A （return ）返回flight2.to (scan )浏览the bestsellers3.（engrossed ）attracted by the 20 years of study4. a (sawtooth )锯齿般的pattern5.to (edge out )排挤掉lager birds6.hard to (crack )使破裂7.at the (extremes )极端8.to maintain the ( niche )生存位置9.to (catalog )编目录every single bird10.to measure (meticulously )小心翼翼11.20 years (apart )相隔12.in this (harsh )恶劣的environment13.(insurance )保险benefits14.the （viability）生存能力of the faculty15.(pilot )试验性的data16.quality ( publication )论文发表17.（priority ）优先score18.a slight (edge )advantage19.( competitive )竞争的pressure20.to have one’s (heyday )鼎盛期21.the (inevitability )必然性of competition22.any competitive (enterprise )企业23.constantly in （conflict ）冲突24.a (confluence )汇合of interests25.to (coexist )共存without serious competition26.the (principles )原则of natural selection27.a (footnote )次要的事情in medical history28.our collective (fate )命运29.(monitoring )监测system30.a (viral )病毒的infection31.（antiviral ）抗病毒的drug32.a telephone (consultation )咨询33.treatment (options )choices, alternatives34.to (enhance )strengthen immune function35.to place an (order )定购36.biochemical （uniqueness ）特性37.the ( pharmaceutical )药的agent38.the minimal appropriate (dose )剂量39.to (stock ) 储藏the major new drugs40.to melt ( plaque )斑buildup in arteries41.( behavioral )行为的approaches42.wellness and (longevity )长寿的43.to be (affiliated )附属with44.( sophisticated )尖端的equipment45.to ( facilitate ) 促进health promotion46.to (visit with )访问sb.47.( homeopathic )remedies 顺势疗法48.to develop a better (rapport )关系with sb.49.to protect one’s (confidentiality )保密性50.(alternative )非主流的therapies51.better (targeted )针对to the illness52.to (diminish )减少significantlyrge(database ) 数据库41.（plausible）看似有道理的foreUnit 101.My (heartfelt )congratulations衷心的2. A (momentous )significant day3.An incredible (honor )荣誉4.The (commencement )毕业典礼speaker5.The (genius )天才of extraordinary men6. A （multi-disciplinary ）多学科的approach7.(arbitrary )专断的boundaries8.(biomedical )生物医学的sciences9.Forever be (indebted )grateful to you10.A great deal of praise and (recognition )认可11.A richly collaborative (endeavor )effort12.As sb. (aptly )恰当地put it13.The public ( at large )in general14.A plague of staggering ( dimensions )范围15.To feature scientists for (accomplishment )achievement16.On a personal ( note )口气17.To feel extremely (privileged )荣幸的to do18.A sexually ( transmitted )spread agent19.A similar (syndrome )综合症状20.In the medical (literature )文献21.To appear ( insidiously )隐伏地22.The plague of the ( millennium )千年23.At an ( alarming )惊人的rate24.To take ( advantages )of 利用the opportunities25.Courage and ( conviction )深信26.Goals and (ideals )理想27.A ( noble )崇高的profession28.Left breathless and ( awe-struck )充满敬畏的29.A personal ( anecdote )story30.To have the ( privilege )特权of31.To sit ( on top of )close to a discovery32.To (dawn on ) occur to sb.33.In a dynamic (equilibrium )平衡34.The old (paradigm )model35.The (breakneck ) very fast speed of scientific discoveries36.A (substantial )实质的clinical benefit37.In this (dreadful )可怕的epidemic38.The (foreboding )不祥之兆的sense39.To ( bring to an end to ) end this tragedy40.The (ultimate )根本的key to41.To (head up )带领the national effort42.(boldly )大胆地and proudly43.A number of (self-respective )自我反省的journeys44.To(eradicate )eliminate HIV from an infected person45.To take ( informed )知情的risks46.As so (eloquently )雄辩地stated47.A deep commitment to (excellence )优秀48.To stay in the (forefront )前沿49.Individuality and (conformity )一致50.Values of drive and ( dedication )commitment51.( imprinted )留下烙印during early childhood52.No ( substitute )替代for hard work53.To （carve out ）开辟出a place in the world54.To a higher level of work (ethics )职业道德55.One (prevailing )普遍的view56.Wrong and （shameful ）耻辱的57.To take (solace )安慰and satisfaction58.To (cast )投射a giant shadow on our planet59.(annual ) meeting 年会60.To (undergo )经历significant stress61.(shit )转变in attitudes62.(stem cell )干细胞research63.A set of (grants )资助金64.Drug (abuse )吸毒者65.Religious (conservatives )保守派66.The scientific ( community )科学界67.（be enmeshed ）陷入in a continuing battle68.To ( claim )声称a role69.Our (core )核心principles70.Out of ( bounds )逾越限度71.The power of scientific (inquiry )research72.Independence and (objectivity )客观性73.The ( impositions )强加of constraints on science74.To (resonate )共鸣with the public75.To find ( common ground )共同基础76.Through open, rational (discourse )discussion。
常用医学术语中英文对照
常用医学术语中英文对照一、Medical Category ：医学科别Allergy ：过敏性病科Cardiology ：心脏內科Cardiovascular ：心脏血管科Dentistry ：牙科Dermatology ：皮肤科External External Wo Wo unds ：外伤Gastric Gastric & & & Intestine Intestine ：胃肠科General General Medicine Medicine ：普通內科Geriatric s ：老人病科Hematology ：血液科Infectious Infectious Diseases Diseases ：传染病科Inhalation Inhalation Th Th erapy ：呼吸治疗科Neonatology ：新生小儿科Neurology ：神经科Obstetrics Obstetrics & & Gynecology ：妇产科Ophthalmology ：眼科Orthodontics ：牙齿矫正科Orthoped ics ：骨科Otorlaryngology ：耳鼻喉科Pediatrics ：小儿科Plastic Plastic Surgery Surgery ：整形外科Psychiatry ：精神病科Radiology ：放射线科Surgery ：外科Syphilology ：性病科Urology ：泌尿科Alternative Alternative MedicineMedicine ：另类医学二、Medical Departm ent ：医疗及其它部门Admitting Admitting Office Office ：收症室Cardiac Cardiac Care Care Care Unit(C.C.U.) Unit(C.C.U.) ：心脏护理部Dental Dental ClinicClinic ：牙科诊所Emergency Emergency Dept Dept ：急症室Extended Extended Care Care Care Uni Uni t t (E.C.U.)(E.C.U.)：延续护理部Home Home Care Care ；Long Long Term Term Term Care Care Care Unit Unit ：家庭护理部Intensi ve ve Care Care Care Unit Unit Unit (I.C.U.) (I.C.U.) ：深切治疗部Laboratory ：化验所Labour ；Delivery Delivery Room Room ：产房Medical Medical Office Office ；Clinic ：医务所Mortuary ：殓房Nursing Nursing HomeHome ：护理院O ccupational ccupational Therapy Therapy Therapy Department Department ：职业治疗部Operating Operating RoomRoom ：手术室Outpati ent ent Dept Dept ：门诊部Pharmacy ：药房Physiotherapy Physiotherapy Dept Dept ：物理治疗部Private ；Se mi-private ；Standard Standard Room Room ：私家；半私家；普通病房Public Public Health Health Health Unit Unit ：公共卫生中心Radiotherapy Radiotherapy Unit Unit ：放射治疗部Records Records Dept Dept ：病历储藏部门Reco very very Room Room 康复室Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Centre Centre ：康复中心Speech Speech Therapy Therapy Therapy Unit Unit ：语言治疗部Terminal Terminal Care Care Care Unit(T.C.U.) Unit(T.C.U.) ：末期护理部Ward ：病房三、Specialists a nd Health Care Personnel ：专科医生及医护人员Accoucheur ：妇产科医生Acc oucheuse ：助产士Acupuncturist ：针灸师Allergist ：过敏性科医生Ambulance Ambulance P P aramedic ：紧急救援队员Anesthetist ：麻醉科医生Attendant Attendant Physician Physician ：巡诊医生Aurist ：耳科医生Cardiologist ：心脏科医生Chiropractor ：脊骨推拿医师Clinical Pathologist ：临床病理医生Clinical Clinical Psychologist Psychologist ：临床心理医生Community Community Hea Hea lth lth Nurse Nurse ：社区护士Dental Dental Surgeon/Dentist Surgeon/Dentist ：牙医Dematologist ：皮肤科医生D iagnostic iagnostic Radiologist Radiologist ：放射诊断医生Endocrinologist ：內分泌科医生Family Family Phy Phy sician ：家庭医生Gastroenterologist 肠胃科医生General General Practitioner Practitioner ：全科医生G eneral eneral Surgeon Surgeon ：外科医生Geriatrician ：老人科医生Gynecologist Gynecologist and and and Obstetrici Obstetrici an ：妇产科医生Hematologist ：血液科医生Herbalist Herbalist Doctor Doctor ：中医Homecare Homecare Wo Wo rker ：家务助理员Intern ：见习医生Laboratory Laboratory TechnologistTechnologist ：化验师Laryngolog ist ：喉科医生Mid-wife ：助产士Nephrologist 肾科医生Neuro-sugeon ：脑外科医生Neurologist ：神经科医生Nurse ：护士Nutritionist/Dietician ：营养师Occupati onal onal Therapist Therapist ：职业治疗师Oncologist ：肿瘤科医生Ophthalmologist ：眼科医生Optometrist ：视光师Oral Oral Hygienist Hygienist ：口腔卫生师Ortheopath ：按摩医生Orthodo ntist 矫形牙科医生Orthopaedist ：矫形医生Orthopedic Orthopedic Surgeon Surgeon ：骨科Otolaryngo logist/ENT logist/ENT Surgeon Surgeon ：耳鼻喉科医生Paramedic ：医务辅助人员Pediatrist ：小儿科医生Pharmacist ：药剂师Physician ：内科医生Physiotherapist ：物理治疗师Plastic ic Surgeon Surgeon ：整形外科医生Podiatrist ：足科治疗师Psychiatrist ：精神科医生Radi ologist ：放射科医生Radiotherapist ：放射治疗医生Resident Resident Doctor Doctor ：住院医生R espirologist/Pulmonologist ：胸肺科医生Rheumatologist ：风湿病医生Rhinologist ：鼻科医生Speech Speech Therapist Therapist ：语言治疗师Thoracic Thoracic SurgeonSurgeon ：胸肺外科医生Urol ogist ：泌尿科医生四、Pain Pain and and and Ache Ache ：痛Ache Ache All All All Over Over ：周身疼痛Acute Acute P P ain:剧痛Back Back Pain Pain ：背痛Burning Burning Pain Pain ：灼痛Chest Chest Pain Pain ：胸痛Colic ：绞痛Co ntinuous ntinuous Pain Pain 持续痛Cramping Cramping Pain Pain ：绞痛Crushing Crushing Pain Pain ：压迫痛Distended Distended Pai Pai n ：镇痛Dull Dull Pain Pain ：暗痛Earache ：耳痛Headache ：头痛Hunger Hunger Pain Pain 饥痛Inter mittent mittent Pain Pain ：阵痛Labour Labour Pain Pain ：分娩阵痛Low Low Back Back Back Pain Pain ：腰痛Mild Mild Pain Pain ：轻痛Pain Pain Come Come Come at at at Intervals Intervals 断续痛Persistent Persistent Pain Pain 持续痛Piercing Piercing Pain Pain ：刺骨痛Pressing Pressing Pain Pain ：压痛Prickling Prickling Pain Pain ：针刺样痛Rediating Rediating Pain Pain ：扩散痛Severe Severe Pa Pa in ：急痛Sharp Sharp Pain Pain ：尖痛Slight Slight Pain Pain ：微痛Sore Sore Pain Pain ：肿痛Stabbing Stabbing Pain Pain ：刀刺痛Stomachache ：胃痛Tearing Tearing PainPain ：剧烈痛Throbbing Throbbing Pain Pain ：跳痛Tingling Tingling P P ain ：刺痛Toothache ：牙痛五、Sickness Sickness Sympton Sympton ：病 症Anxiety ：焦虑Biter Taste Taste On On On My My My Tongue Tongue ：苦涩Black Black Out Out ：短暂昏厥Bloated ：胃胀Blood Blood Stool Stool ：糞便帶血Boil ：疮Bowel Bowel MovementMovement ：大便Can't Can't Concentrate Concentrate ：不能集中精神Ca n't n't Crouch Crouch ：不能蹲下Can't Can't See See See Clearly Clearly ：視觉模糊Cataqmatic ：骨折Chest Chest Feel Feel s s Tight Tight ：胸口闷Chills ：发冷Coma ：昏睡Constipation ：便秘Depression ：情绪低落Diarrhea ：腹泻Difficulty Difficulty in in in Sallowing Sallowing ：咽食困难Dislocation ：脱臼Disten ded ded Tummy Tummy ：腹部肿胀Disturbance Disturbance of of of Speech Speech ：语言障碍Dizziness ：眼花Dizzy ；Giddy ：头晕Drool ：流口水Drowsy ：昏沉Ear Ear Discharge Discharge ：耳分泌物Exhausted Easily ：容易疲倦Eye Eye DischargeDischarge ：眼分泌物Eyelid Eyelid Itching Itching ：眼盖痕痒Eyelid Eyelid S S wollen ：眼盖肿Faint ：头晕Fatigue ：疲倦Fever ：发烧Gritty/Sandy Gritty/Sandy in in in Eyes Eyes ：沙粒入眼Gurgling Gurgling Sound Sound Sound in in in My My My Tummy Tummy ：腹腔雷鸣Hard Hard Stool Stool ：硬条状粪便H eat eat Troke Troke ：中暑Hiccup ：打嗝High High fever fever ：高烧Hoarse Hoarse V V oice ：声音嘶哑Illusi on ：幻觉Impotence ：性无力Indigestion ：消化不良Inflame ：发炎Insect Insect Stings Stings ：昆虫刺伤Insomnia ：失眠Irregular Irregular HeartbeatsHeartbeats ：心律不齐Itchy Itchy and and and Swollen Swollen ：痕和肿Itchy Itchy ThroatThroat ：喉痕Jaws Jaws are are are Dislocated Dislocated ：下颌脱臼Light Light Headedness Headedness ：轻微头痛Loose Loose and and and Watery Watery Watery Stool Stool ：糞便稀Loose Loose Stool Stool ：软条状粪便Loss Loss of of of Confi Confi dence ：失去自信Loss Loss of of of Hearing Hearing ：失去听觉Loss Loss of of of Interest Interest ：失去兴趣Loss of of V V oice 失声Lost Lost my my my Appetite Appetite ：食欲不振Lost Lost Weight Weight ：体重减轻Lumpy Lumpy Stoo Stoo l ：粒状粪便Muscle Muscle Spasm Spasm ：肌肉抽筋Mucus Mucus in in in Stool Stool ：粪便带粘液Nasal Nasal Blee Blee ding ：流鼻血Nasal Nasal Discharge Discharge ：鼻涕Nausea ：恶心Night Night Sweats Sweats ：盗汗Numb ：麻痹Headaches ：偶有头痛Pale Pale Face Face ：面色苍白Pass Pass GasGas ；。
新世纪医学英语教程(社会医学)第二第三单元课文翻译
As the term implies, the original purpose of the fight-or-flight response was to prepare the body to respond either by fighting the enemy, or by fleeing.
非常有趣的是，引起战或逃跑反应的情况发生并不必然是不愉快的。
Pleasant experiences, if they are sufficiently intense, can produce the same combination of physiological symptoms.
愉快的经验，如果它们足够的强烈，可以产生相同组合的生理症状。
我们的史前祖先，一旦在野外意外地遇见危险动物，就会感受到完全一样的反应，当他们的身体转入一种紧张引起的“高速挡”，以应对紧急状况。
Physiologist Walter Cannon,back in the 1920s, labeled this reaction the fight-or-flight response.
正如薛利说的：“没有压力是死亡。
Just asstress prepared primitive man to confront the fight with his enemy or to run away, so in modern life it helps the athlete to achieve peak performance or the executive to meet impossible deadlines.“
这个术语暗示，战或逃跑反应的最初目的是准备让身体作出反应，要么对抗敌人，要么逃离。
社会医学基本理论双语课件
Part 2 Defining Health and Medicine
Section 2.1 What is health?
Some people define health as simply the absence of illness, but this vague definition raises more questions than this answers.
On the other hand, if we define health solely in terms of the absence of disability or incapacitation, we overlook the thousands of people who are ill but who continue to carry out their daily activities for a variety of reasons, such as economic necessary.
Standards of health vary over time
Little more than a century ago, physicians believed that hysteria was caused by the uterus breaking free and moving through the body. Thus, by definition, all hysterics were women, and the “cure” was removal of the uterus (hysterectomy).
社会医学基本理论双语课件
Contents
preface Defining Health and Medicine Sociological Perspectives on Health and Medicine Social Capital and Health
社会医学英语
社会医学英语English: Social medicine, also known as community medicine, is a branch of medicine that focuses on the impact of social, economic, and cultural factors on health and disease within a population. It seeks to understand how social determinants such as poverty, education, housing, and access to healthcare influence the overall well-being of individuals and communities. Social medicine aims to address health disparities and inequalities by advocating for policies and interventions that promote social justice and equity in healthcare. By studying the social determinants of health, social medicine aims to improve population health outcomes and reduce health inequities through a holistic and multidisciplinary approach that considers not just medical treatments, but also social, economic, and environmental factors that affect health.中文翻译: 社会医学，又称社区医学，是一门致力于研究社会、经济和文化因素对人群健康和疾病影响的医学分支。
社会医学-中英文名词对照
中英文名词对照中文英文章-节2000年人人享有卫生保健Health For All BY 2000, HFA/2000 17-1 3E Economy, Efficiency, Effectiveness 12-1 4E Economy, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Equity 12-1 7P营销组合product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, process 9-3 MAP-IT实施框架Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track 14-3 OTC药品over-the-counter drugs 16-1 PDAC循环Plan, Do, Check, Action , PDCA 8-2 PEST分析法PEST analysis 3-3 POWER SWOT分析法POWER SWOT analysis 3-3 SMART原则Specific, Measurable, Realistic, Time bound 12-1 SWOT分析法SWOT analysis 3-3 t 检验t-test 3-3 TOPSIS法Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Solution 12-1 Topsis法Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Solution 3-3 Wilcoxon符号秩检验Wilcoxon signed-rank test 3-3A《阿拉木图宣言》Declaration of ALMA-ATA 17-1 安全性safety 16-1 按床日付费Per Diem 7-3 按服务单元付费Episode-based payment 7-3 按绩效付费Pay For Performance 7-3 按人头付费Capitation 7-3 按项目付费Fee For Service 7-3 澳大利亚国家卫生信息化和信息管理委员会National E-Health Information Principal Committee，NEHIPC 11-2B半结构式访问semi-structured interview 3-2 保健组织学health histology 1-3 保密性confidentiality 12-3 背景评估context evaluation 10-3 标准差standard deviation 3-3C参考定价reference-based pricing，RBP 16-2 参数估计parameter estimation 3-3 参与观察participant observation 3-2 层次分析法Analytical Hierarchical Process，AHP 18-2 层次分析法analytic hierarchy process，AHP 3-3 差异营销differentiated marketing 9-2 产出outputs 12-1 尘肺病pneumoconiosis 14-2成果评估product evaluation 10-3 筹资financing 12-2 筹资的公平性fairness of financing 12-3 初级卫生保健Primary Health Care, PHC 17-1 储蓄医疗保险模式meidisave 15-2 处方药prescription drugs 16-1 处理因素treatment factor 3-2 传染病communicable diseases 14-2 传统药traditional medicines 16-1 垂直公平性vertical equity 6-1D大病保险计划Medishield 5-2 单向方差分析one way analysis of variance 3-3 单样本t检验one sample t-test 3-3 德尔菲法Delphi method 3-2 等级与优先Rank and prioritize 3-3 地方病endemic disease 14-2 第三方组织Non-governmental organization，NGO 5-1 第一First 18-2 点估计point estimation 3-3 动态原理Dynamic Principle 2-2 队列研究cohort study 3-1F反馈Feedback 18-2 反馈控制feedback control 2-3 反应Response 18-2 反应性responsiveness 12-2 方差variance 3-3 方差分析Analysis of variance，ANOVA 3-3 访问法interview method 3-2 非参数检验Nonparametric test 3-3 非参与观察non-participant observation 3-2 非处方药nonprescription drugs 16-1 非结构式访问unstructured interview 3-2 非专利药non-patent drugs 16-1 费用expenditure 16-2 分项预算Line-item Budget 7-3 风险Risk 18-2 风险分摊risk pooling 6-1 风险管理Risk Management 18-2 服务计点Punkte System 15-4 服务提供provision 12-2 妇幼保健管理maternal and child health care management 14-2G感觉Feeling 18-2 革新Reform 18-2 个人经验Personal experience 3-3 个体访问personal interview 3-2 工作分析job analysis 10-1 工作规范job specification 10-1 工作说明书job description 10-1 公共卫生public health 14-1 公共卫生服务public health service 14-1 公共卫生服务管理public health service management 14-1 公共卫生项目public health project 14-3 公共选择理论Public Choice Theory 2-1 供方支付制度Provider Payment System 7-1 共鸣性empathy 8-4 构成比constituent ratio 3-3 故障树分析法Fault Tree Analysis, FTA 18-2 关键绩效指标Key Performance Indicators，KPI 18-2 关键路径法critical path method,CPM 3-3 观测指标标识符逻辑命名与编码系统Logical Observation Identifiers，Names and Codes，LOINC 11-2 观察法observation method 3-2 管理stewardship\ governance 12-2 管理原理principle of management 2-2 管理职能management functions 2-3 规划plan 4-1 规划工作planning 4-1 规则Order 3-3 规制stewardship 12-2 国际标准化组织International Organization for Standardization，ISO 11-1 国际标准化组织The International Organization for Standardization，ISO 18-2 国际功能、残疾和健康分类法International Classification of Functioning，Disability and Health，ICF 11-2国际红十字会与红新月会联合会International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies，IFRCRCS 5-1国际护理实践分类法International Classification of Nursing Practice，ICNP 11-2国际疾病分类法International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems，ICD-10 11-2国家卫生服务托拉斯NHS Trusts 21-4 国家卫生服务制度National Health Service, NHS 5-2 国家卫生计划National Health Plan，NHP 5-2 国家卫生系统绩效委员会The National Health Performance Committee, NHPC 12-4 国家药物政策National Drug Policy，NDP 16-2 国家医疗保险模式National Health Service，NHS 15-2过程process 12-1 过程评估process evaluation 10-3H合理使用rational use 16-2 合用性fitness for use 8-1 核心能力Core Competence 18-2 横向研究cross-sectional study 3-1 环境扫描Environmental Scanning 4-2 皇冠健康企业Crown Health Enterprises 21-4 恢复Recovery 18-2 混杂因素confounder 3-2 活动、兴趣、意见Activity, interest, opinion, AIO 9-2J机会opportunities 4-2 机会opportunity 3-3 基本设施质量quality of basic amenities 12-3 基本卫生服务包essential health package 7-1 基本药物essential drugs or medicine 16-2 绩效performance 12-1 绩效管理performance management 10-1 绩效评价performance assessment 12-1 激励motivation 2-3 激励motivation 10-1 激励机制Incentives 7-2 及时关注prompt attention 12-3 急救医疗服务体系emergency medical service system，EMSS 13-5 疾病基金会Sickness Funds 5-2 疾病控制disease control 14-2 疾病预防控制中心Centers for Disease Control，CDC 11-3 疾病预防与控制中心Center For Disease Control and Prevention，CDC 5-1 集体访问group interview 3-2 集中营销concentrated marketing 9-2 几何均数geometric mean 3-3 计划plan 2-3 计算机化医嘱Computerized Physician Order Entry, CPOE 8-3 技术变革Technical Change 5-3 技术的Technology 3-3 继续医学教育continuing medical education, CME 19-1 加权Weighting 3-3 价格price 16-2 价值改变value change 9-2 假设hypotheses 3-1 假设检验hypothesis test 3-3 间接医学教育费Indirect Medical Education，IME 7-2减寿人年数potential years of life lost, PYLL 12-3 建构类属construct category 3-3 健康health 1-1 健康公民计划healthy people 14-3 健康期望寿命active life expectancy, ALE 12-3 健康维护组织Health Maintenance Organizations，HMOs 5-2 健康状况health status 12-3 结构式访问structured interview 3-2 结构式观察structed observation 3-2 结果outcome 12-1 经济的Economic 3-3 精确性precision 12-1 竞争性标杆法competitive benchmarking 8-4 决策decision 2-3 均数mean 3-3 均一性uniformity 16-1K卡方检验Chi-square distribution 3-3 可持续发展Sustainable Development 4-1 可获得性accessibility 16-2 可靠性reliability 8-4 可信性assurance 8-4 控制controlling 2-3L蓝盾Blue Shield 15-4 蓝十字Blue Cross 15-4 离群值Outliers 7-2 立法regulation 12-2 利益相关者stakeholder 12-1 利益相关者分析stakeholder analysis 3-3 联邦机构整合工作组Federal Interagency Workgroup, FIW 14-3 联合国儿童基金会United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund，UNICEF 5-1 联机分析处理On-Line Analysis Processing, OLAP 11-3 两样本t检验two-sample/group t-test 3-3 劣势weakness 4-2 劣势weakness 3-3 临床决策支持系统Clinical Decision Support System，CDSS 11-3 临床路径clinical pathway 13-3 灵活性Flexibility 18-2 六西格玛Six Sigma 8-1 率rate 3-3 论坛Forum 18-2 逻辑分析logic analysis 3-3M慢性非传染性疾病non-communicable diseases, NCDs 14-2 慢性阻塞性肺疾患chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD 14-2 美国的健康维护组织Health Maintenance Organizations，HMOs 15-4美国国家卫生信息技术协调办公室The Office of the National Coordinator for Health InformationTechnology，ONC 11-2美国健康和社会服务部United States Department of Health and Human Services, HHS 14-3美国老年保险和穷人保险中心CMS7-2美国卫生信息传输标准Health Level 7，HL7 11-2 美国卫生信息管理协会American Health Information Management Association，AHIMA 11-1 美国卫生与人类服务部Department of Health and Human Service，HHS 11-2 美国医学科学院Institute of Medicine 12-4 美国医院协会American Hospital Association 15-4 描述性解释descriptive explanatory 3-3 目标objectives 4-2 目标市场target market 9-2P培训项目training program 10-3 培训与开发training and development 10-1 赔偿Restitution 18-2 配对样本t检验paired/matched t-test 3-3 配置效率allocating efficiency 6-3 频数frequency 3-3 平均数average 3-3Q前馈控制feedforward control 2-3 情景分析scenario analysis 3-3 区间估计interval estimation 3-3 趋势研究trend study 3-1 全距Range 3-3 全科医疗general practice 17-1 全科医生general practitioner，GP 17-1 全科医师General Practitioner, GP 5-2 全面质量管理Total Quality Management , TQM 8-2 权变管理Contingency Management 2-2R人本原理Anthropic Principle 2-2 人均国内生产总值per capita GDP 6-1 人力资源human resource 10-1 人力资源管理human resource management，HRM 10-1 人员规划human resource planning 10-1 认知改变cognition change 9-2 软指标soft measurements 8-4S伤残调整期望寿命disability-adjusted life expectancy, DALE 12-3 伤残调整寿命年disability adjusted life year, DALY 12-3 伤残损失健康生命年years lived with disability, YLDs 12-3 商业保险private insurance 6-2 商业医疗保险模式private health insurance 15-2 社会保险social insurance 6-2 社会的Society 3-3 社会健康保险Statutory Health Insurance，SHI 5-2 社会卫生学social hygienics 1-3 社会卫生与组织保健学social hygiene and health histology 1-3 社会医疗保险模式social health insurance 15-2 社会营销social marketing 9-1 社会营销策略social marketing strategy 9-2 社会营销计划social marketing plan 9-2 社会支持social support networks 12-3 社区筹资community financing 6-2 社区卫生服务community health services，CHS 17-1 生涯管理career management 10-1 失效模式与原因分析法Failure Mode and Effects Analysis，FMEA 18-2 实验室实验laboratory experiment 3-2 世界健康调查World Health Survey 12-3 世界卫生报告World Health Report 12-2 世界卫生组织World Health Organization，WHO 5-1 世界银行World Bank 12-2 市场细分market segmentation 9-2 市场营销marketing 9-1 事件树分析法Event Tree Analysis, ETA 18-2 事实Factual 18-2 试验对象object 3-2 试验法experimental method 3-2 试验效应experimental effect 3-2 首次接触first-contact 17-1 首次在中国销售的药品drugs to be marketed in china for the first time 16-1 输入评估input evaluation 10-3 水平公平性horizontal equity 6-1 死亡损失健康生命年years of life lost, YLLs 12-3 四分位间距quartile range 3-3 搜寻质量search quality 8-1 速度Fast 18-2 缩减Reduction 18-2T坦率Frank 18-2 体验质量experience quality 8-1 通用药generic drugs 16-1同组研究panel study 3-1 统计变量statistical variables 9-2 统计推断statistical inference 3-3 头脑风暴法Brain-Storming 3-2 投入inputs 12-1 投入-产出分析法input-output analysis 3-3 突发公共卫生事件Public Health Emergency 18-1 突发事件Emergency 18-1W危机Crisis 18-1 危机沟通Crisis Communication 18-2 威胁threats 4-2 威胁threats 3-3 卫生health 1-1 卫生保健服务health care delivery 1-3 卫生保健组织health care organization 1-3 卫生部门health sector 21-1 卫生部门改革health sector reform，HSR 21-1 卫生筹资health financing 6-1 卫生服务管理health service administration 1-3 卫生服务组织Healthcare Service Organization 5-1 卫生规划health planning 4-1 卫生活动health action 12-2 卫生计划与管理health planning and management 1-3 卫生监督health supervision 14-2 卫生监督组织Health supervision organization 5-1 卫生决策支持系统Health Decision Support System，HDSS 11-3 卫生人力health workforce 10-1 卫生人力测评health workforce evaluation 10-4 卫生人力规划health workforce planning 10-1 卫生人力规划health workforce planning 10-2卫生人力和卫生服务协调发展coordinated health and human resources development，COHHRD10-1卫生人力绩效考核health workforce performance assessment 10-4卫生人力培训health workforce training\in-service training of health workforce 10-1,10-3 卫生人力培训in-service training of health workforce 10-3卫生人力资源health human resource 10-1卫生人力资源的使用health workforce management 10-1卫生人力资源规划health human resource planning 10-2卫生事业管理health service management 1-2卫生事业管理\卫生服务管理health service administration1-3卫生系统health system 12-2 卫生系统绩效health system performance 12-2卫生信息health information 11-1 卫生信息标准health information standards 11-2 卫生信息管理health information management 11-1 卫生信息系统health information system 11-3 卫生信息资源规划Health Information Resource Planning，HIRP 11-2 卫生行政组织Health Administration Organization 5-1 卫生应急Health Emergency Response 18-1 卫生应急沟通Health Emergency Communication 18-2 卫生政策分析与评价analysis and evaluation of health policies 1-3 卫生政策管理health policy management 1-3 卫生支付Health Payment 7-1 卫生资源配置health resource allocation 6-3 卫生总费用Total Expenditure on Health，TEH 6-3 卫生组织Health Organization 5-1 卫生组织体系Health Organization System 5-2 稳定性stability 16-1 无残疾期望寿命life expectancy free of disability, LEFD 12-3 无差异营销undifferentiated marketing 9-2 无结构式观察unstructured observation 3-2 无形产品intangible products 9-3X系统分析方法system analysis method 3-3 系统理论System Theory 2-2 系统评估systmatic review 21-1 系统原理System Principle 2-2 显著性检验significance test 3-3 现场控制field control 2-3 现场实验field experiment 3-2 现代药modern medicines 16-1 相对比relative ratio 3-3 相对值单位Relative Value Units，RVUs 7-2 项目管理project management 14-3 消减Mitigation 18-2 小丑和恶棍Villain，V2 18-2 效度validity 12-1 效果effect 2-2 效率efficiency 2-2 效益benefit 2-2 效益原理Benefit Principle 2-2 心理变量psychological variables 9-2 新公共管理理论The New Public Management Theory 2-1 新药new drugs 16-1 薪酬组合compensation management 10-1 信度reliability 12-1信息information 11-1 信息安全information security 11-2 信息安全管理体系Information Security Management System, ISMS 11-2 信息标准information standards 11-2 信息管理Information Management, IM 11-1 信誉质量credence quality 8-1 行动改变action change 9-2 行为变量behavioral variables 9-2 行为改变behavior change 9-2 选择性choice of providers 12-3 血液管理blood management 13-6 循证政策分析evidence-based policy analysis 3-3Y药品标准drug standard 16-4 药品监督管理drug administration 16-4 《药品经营质量管理规范》认证Good Supplying Practice, GSP 16-4 《药品生产质量管理规范》认证Good Manufacturing Practice, GMP 16-4 药品准入管理drug access administration 13-2 一般性税收筹资general revenue 6-2 一致性比率consistency ratio，CR 3-3 一致性指数consistency index，CI 3-3 医疗安全medical safety 13-4 医疗保险储蓄Medisave 5-2 医疗保障制度medical security system 15-1 医疗保障组织Medical Insurance Organization 5-1 医疗保障组织体系Medical Insurance Organization System 5-2 医疗并发症medical complications 13-4 医疗补助计划Medicaid 15-4 医疗差错medical errors 13-4 医疗服务medical service 13-1 医疗服务管理medical service administration 13-1 医疗服务体系medical service system 13-1 医疗服务质量quality of medical service 13-3 医疗服务质量监管quality supervision and management of medical service 13-3 医疗服务质量控制quality control of medical service 13-3 医疗机构制剂pharmaceutical preparations dispensed by medical institutions 16-1 医疗急救管理emergency medical service management 13-5 医疗纠纷medical dispute 13-4 医疗救助计划Medicaid 16-2 医疗事故medical negligence 13-4 医疗意外medical accidents 13-4 医疗照顾计划Medicare 15-4医学教育管理medical education management 19-1 医学科技管理medical scientific research management 19-2 医学系统命名法-临床术语Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms，SNOMED-CT 11-2 医院感染nosocomial infection，NI\hospital acquired infection\ health-careassociated infection，HAI 13-4 医院感染管理hospital acquired infection management\health-care associated infectionmanagement 13-4 医院管理hospital administration 1-3 医院信息系统Hospital Information System，HIS 11-3 遗憾Regret 18-2以疾病诊断相关分组为基础的预付制Diagnosis Related Groups—Prospective Payment System ，DRGs-PPS7-3应变量dependent variable 3-2 应答性responsiveness 8-4 应急Emergency Response 18-1 应急管理Emergency Management 18-1 营销组合marketing mix 9-3 影响impact 12-1 硬指标hard measurements 8-4勇于承担责任者的受害者Victim，V118-2优势strengths 4-2 优势strength 3-3 有效性effectiveness 16-1 有形产品tangible products 9-3 有形性tangibles 8-4 预备Readiness 18-2 预防Prevention 18-2 员工关系与争议labor relations and coordination between employers and employees 10-1Z灾难事件Disaster 18-1 在职培训in-service training 10-1 甄选selection of job candidates 10-1 诊断相关分组Diagnosis Related Group System，DRGs 15-4 诊疗规范best practice 21-1 证实资料evidence-based practice 3-3 政府捐赠基金Medifund 5-2 政治的Politics 3-3 支付payment 7-1 支付方式Payment Method 7-2 知情人物访谈key informant interview 12-3 职业病occupational diseases 14-2 职业性危害occupational hazard 14-2指数定价index pricing 16-2 治理理论Governance Theory 2-1 质量quality 16-2中国初级卫生保健基金会Primary Health Care Foundation of China，PHCFC5-1中国肝炎防治基金会Chinese foundation for hepatitis prevention and control，CFHPAC 5-1 中国红十字会Red Cross Society of China，RCSC 5-1 中国医师协会Chinese Medical Doctor Association，CMDA 5-1 中国医学基金会China Medical Foundation，CMF 5-1中国医药卫生事业发展基金会China Health & Medical Development Foundation5-1中国医院协会Chinese Hospital Association，CHA 5-1 中华护理学会Chinese Nurse Association，CNA 5-1 中华人民共和国卫生部Ministry of Health of The People’s Republic of China5-1 中华医学会Chinese Medical Association，CMA 5-1 中华预防医学会Chinese Prevention Medicine Association，CMPA 5-1 中华中医药学会China Association of Chinese Medicine，CACM 5-1 中位数median 3-3 中医药Traditional Chinese Medicine，TCM 20-1 重视细节Emphasize detail 3-3 专利药patent drugs 16-1 转轨Transition 5-3 转型Transformation 5-3 准备Preparedness 18-2 准备Preparation 18-2 准入管理access administration 13-2 资源开发resource generation 12-2 自变量independent variable 3-2 自费支付out-of-pocket payment 6-2 自主性autonomy 12-3 综合指数synthetic index analysis 3-3 总额预付Global Budget 7-3 纵向研究longitudinal study 3-1 组织organization 2-3 组织organization 5-1 组织变革Organizational Change 5-3 组织发展Organizational Development 5-3 组织结构Organization Structure 5-1 组织体系Organization System 5-1 最高可能的健康水平”highest possible level of health 17-1 尊严dignity 12-3。
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中国中西医结合杂志Chin J Integr Tradit West Med (Chin)中国结合医学杂志Chin J Integr Med部分医学期刊中英文刊名对照一栏表癌症 Chin J Cancer癌变畸变突变 Carcinog Teratogenesis Mutagen癌症康复 Cancer Rehabil按摩与导引 Chin Manipul Qigong Ther安徽中医临床杂志 Clin J Anhui Tradit Chin Med安徽医学 Anhui Yixue安徽中医学院学报 J Anhui Tradit Chin Med蚌埠医学院学报 Acta Acad Med Bengbu保健与生活 Health Life包头医学 Baotou Med J白求恩医科大学学报 J Norman Bethune Univ (Med Sci)北京口腔医学 Beijing J Stomatol北京医学 Beijing Med J北京军区医药 J Med Beijing Milit Region北京中医 Beijing J Tradit Chin Med北京中医药大学学报 J Beijing Univ Chin Med北京医科大学学报 J Beijing Med Univ北京生物医学工程 Beijing Bio Med Eng标记免疫分析与临床 Labeled Immunoassay Clin Med病毒学报 Chin J Virol白血病 J Leukemia白云医药信息 Baiyun Drugs Inf本钢医药 Bengang Med J博爱 Fraternity厂矿医药卫生 Med Health Factory Mine长春中医学院学报 J Changchun Coll Tradit Chin Med肠外与肠内营养 Parenter Enteral Nutr （确认）重庆医学 Chongqing Med J成都中医药大学学报 J Chengdu Univ Tradit Chin Med成都军区总医院院刊 J Chengdu Army Gen Hosp传染病临床与研究 The Clin Res the Infected Dis传染病信息 Infectious Disease Inf创伤骨科学报 Tramatol Orthop Quartly大众学报 Popular Med大众健康 Public Health大众优生 Mass Eugenics大家健康 Good Health for All第一军医大学学报 J The First Military Med Univ第一军医大学分校学报J Branch Campus the First Military Med Univ 第二军医大学学报Acad J Second Military Med Univ 对第三军医大学学报Acta Acad Med Militaris Tertiae第四军医大学学报J Fourth Milit Med Univ核对后大肠肛门病外科杂志 J Coloproctologicall Surg当代医学 Current Physician独生子的健康 Magazine for Only Child Health德国医学Deutsche Med德国临床用药 Drugs used in Germany东方气功 Oriental Sci Qigong东方营养 Oriental Health Preservation地方病通报 Endemic Dis Bull儿童与健康 Health for Baby耳鼻咽喉头颈外科Chin Arch Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 耳鼻喉学报 J Otolaryngol放射学实践 Radiologic Pract放射免疫学杂志 J Radioimmunol福建中医药 Fujian J Tradit Chin Med福建医药杂志 Fujian Med J福建医科大学学报 J Fujian Med Univ福建中医学院学报 J Fujian Coll Tradit Chin Med福州医药 Fujian Med腹部外科 J Abdominal Surg肝胆外科杂志 J Hepatobiliary Surg肝胆胰外科杂志Journal of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgJ Hepatopancreatobiliary Surg广西医科大学学报 J Guangxi Med Univ广西中医药Guangxi J Tradit Chin Med广州医药 Guangzhou Med J广州中医药大学学报 J Guangzhou Univ Tradit Chin Med广东医学Guangdong Med J广东寄生虫学会年报 Annual Bull the Society Parasitol, Guangdong Province 广东解剖学通报 Guangdong Anatomical Bull广东牙病防治 J Dental Prevent Treating广东药学院学报 Acad J Guangdong Pharm Coll广东医药 Guangdong Pharm J广东微量元素科学 Guangdong Trace Elements Sci广东卫生防疫 Guangdong J Health epidemic Prevent广西医学 Guangxi Med J广西预防医学 Guangxi J Prevent Med甘肃医药 Gansu Med Jl甘肃中医 Gansu J Tradit Chin Med甘肃中医学院学报 J Gansu Coll Tradit Chin Med赣南医药 Gannan Med J高原医学杂志 J High Altitude Med中华高血压杂志 Chin J Hypertension （原名：高血压杂志，中国高血压杂志）国际医药卫生导报 InterNatl Med Hygiene Guidance News国际旅行卫生 InterNatl Travel Health国医论坛 Forum Tradit Chin Med国外医学情报检索 Foreign Med Inf国外学者来访报告 Lectures by Visitors from Abroad国外医学.卫生学分册 Foreign Med Sci: Hygenics国外医学. 物理医学与康复学分册Foreign Med Sci: Physical Med Rehabilitation 国外医学. 生物病理科学与临床分册Foreign Med Sci: Physiol, Pathol Clin国外医学. 生物医学工程分册Foreign Med Sci: BioMed Eng国外医学. 预防.诊断.治疗用生物制品分册Foreign Med Sci: Prevent, Diagn Biological for Med Treat国外医学. 微生物学分册Foreign Med Sci: Microbiol国外医学. 免疫学分册Foreign Med Sci: Immunol国外医学. 中医中药分册Foreign Med Sci: Tradit Chin Med国外医学. 内分泌学分册Foreign Med Sci: Endocrinol国外医学. 输血与血液学分册Foreign Med Sci: Blood Transfusion Hematol国外医学. 呼吸系统分册Foreign Med Sci: Respir System国外医学. 临床生物化学与检验学分册Foreign Med Sci: Clin Biochem Med Test 国外医学. 护理学分册Foreign Med Sci: Nurs国外医学. 心血管分册Foreign Med Sci: Cardioengiopathy国外医学. 医学教育分册Foreign Med Sci: Med Education国外医学. 内科学分册Foreign Med Sci: InternMed国外医学. 流行病学.传染病学分册Foreign Med Sci: Epidemiol Loimol国外医学. 寄生虫病分册Foreign Med Sci: Parasitosis国外医学. 消化系统病分册Foreign Med Sci: Digive System Dis国外医学. 泌尿系统病分册Foreign Med Sci: Urologic System国外医学. 妇产科学分册Foreign Med Sci: Gynecol Obstetrics国外医学. 儿科学分册Foreign Med Sci: Pediatrs国外医学. 分子生物学分册Foreign Med Sci: Molecular Biol国外医学. 肿瘤学分册Foreign Med Sci: Cancer Section国外医学. 外科学分册Foreign Med Sci: Surg国外医学. 创伤与外科基本问题分册Foreign Med Sci: Basic Problems Trauma Surg国外医学. 麻醉学与复苏分册For Med Sci: Anesthesiol Resuscitation （Resuscitation没有缩写）国外医学. 神经病学神经外科学分册Foreign Med Sci: Psychiatry国外医学. 精神病学分册Foreign Med Sci: Referential J Psychiatry国外医学. 皮肤病学分册Foreign Med Sci: Dermatol国外医学. 耳鼻喉科学分册Foreign Med Sci: Otolaryngol国外医学. 眼科学分册Foreign Med Sci: Ophthalmol国外医学. 口腔医学分册Foreign Med Sci:国外医学. 临床放射学分册Foreign Med Sci: Clin Radiol国外医学. 放射医学核医学分册Foreign Med Sci: Radiol Nuclear Med 国外医学. 药学分册Foreign Med Sci: Pharm国外医学. 医学地理分册Foreign Med Sci:国外医学. 计划生育分册Foreign Med Sci: Family Planning国外医学. 抗生素分册 World Notes on Antibiotics国外医学. 医院管理分册Foreign Med Sci: Hosp Manage国外医学. 卫生经济分册Foreign Med Sci: Sanitation Economics国外医学. 妇幼保健分册Foreign Med Sci: Women Children Health Care 国外医学. 遗传学分册Foreign Med Sci: Genetics国外医学. 老年医学分册Foreign Med Sci: Gerontol国外医学. 脑血管疾病分册Foreign Med Sci: Cerebrovasc Dis国外医学. 植物药分册 World Notes on Plant Med国外医学. 合成药.生化药.制剂分册 World Pharm国外医学. 社会医学分册Foreign Med Sci: Social Med国外医学. 病毒学分册Foreign Med Sci:国外药讯 World Pharm Newsletter工业卫生与职业病 Industrial Health occupational Dis功能性和立体定向神经外科杂志 Chin J Stereotactic Funct NeuroSurg贵阳中医学院学报 J Guiyang Coll Tradit Chin Med贵阳医学院学报 J Guiyang Med Coll贵州医药 Guizhou Med J骨与关节损伤杂志 The J Bone Joint Injury光明中医 Guangming Tradit Chin Med健康与美容 Health Beauty哈尔滨医药 Harbin Med J哈尔滨医科大学学报 J Harbin Med Univ海军总医院学报 J Naval Gen Hosp PLA海军医学 Navy Med J Chin People's Liberation Army海南医学 Hainan Med J海峡预防医学杂志 Strait J Prevent Med海峡药学 Strait Pharm J航空航天医药 Aerospace Med航天医学与医学工程 Space Med Med Eng河北中医 Hebei J Tradit Chin Med河北医科大学学报 J Hebei Med Univ河北医学 Hebei Med河北医药Hebei Med J河南实用神经疾病杂志 Henan J Pract Nerv Dis河南外科学杂志 Henan J Surg河南医科大学学报 J Henan Med Coll河南医学研究 Henan Med Res河南医药信息 Henan Med Inf河南预防医学杂志 Henan J Prevent Med河南诊断与治疗 J Henan Diagn Treat河南肿瘤学杂志 Henan J Oncol河南中医 Henan Tradit Chin Med河南中医学学刊 Henan J Tradit Chin Med Pharm黑龙江中医药 Heilongjiang J Tradit Chin Med黑龙江医药 Heilongjiang Med黑龙江医学Heilongjiang Med J黑龙江护理杂志 Heilongjiang Nurs J湖北医科大学学报 Acta Acad Med Hubei湖北中医杂志 Hubei J Tradit Chin Med湖北预防医学杂志 Hubei J Prevent Med湖北民族学院学报 J Hubei Institute for Natlities ( Med ed)湖南医学 Hunan Med J湖南中医杂志 Hunan J Tradit Chin Med湖南中医药导报 Hunan Guid J Tradit Chin Med Pharmacol 湖南中医学院学报 J Hunan Coll Tradit Chin Med湖南省人民医院院刊 J Hunan Provincial People's Hospl湖南医科大学学报 Bull Hunan Univ衡阳医学院学报 J Hengyang Med Coll护士进修杂志 J Nurs Training护理学杂志 J Nurs Sci护理与心理杂志 J Nurse Psychol湖州医学 Huzhou Med J华夏长寿 Long life华西医科大学学报 J West China Univ Med Sci华西医学 West China Med J华西口腔医学杂志 West China J Stomatol华西药学杂志 West China J Pharm Sci华北煤炭医学院学报 J North China Coal Med Coll华人消化杂志 World Chin J Dig华中医药杂志 Central China Med J淮海医药 J Huaihai Med环境与健康杂志J Environment Health环境卫生工程Environment Sanitation Eng华西医科大学学报 J West China Univ Med Sci健康博览 Health Review疾病监测 Dis Surveillance急诊医学 J Emerg Med寄生虫病防治与研究 The J on Res Control Parasitic Dis家家乐 Happy Families家庭医学 Family Med健康之友 Woman's day健康大视野 Wider Visual Field Health健康与美容 Health Beauty健康天地 Health World健康指南 Guide to Health家庭中医药 Family Tradit Chin Med健康文摘 Health Dig江西中医学院学报 J Jiangxi Coll Tradit Chin Med 江西医药 Jiangxi Med J江西医学院学报 Acta Acad Med Jiangxi江苏卫生保健 Jiangsu Health Care江苏中医 Jiangsu J Tradit Chin Med江苏医药 Jiangsu Med J江苏预防医学 Jiangsu J Prevent Med江苏药学与临床研究 Jiangsu 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新世纪社会医学英语翻译
Unit2 AAmerica is experiencing a major epidemictoday.现今美国正在经历一场重要的流行病。
Unlike epidemics of the past, it is not a disease transmitted by bacteria or viruses. 不同于过去的流行病，它不是由细菌或病毒传染的疾病。
This epidemic is an increase in diseases and problems related to stress, and it touches all of our lives. 这个流行病的增加是与压力有关的疾病和问题引起的，它涉及我们生活的方方面面。
In 1900 t he average life expectancy in this country was 47, and the major killer diseases included tuberculosis pneumonia,influenza, cholera, typhoid, and smallpox ——infectious diseases which struck people of all ages, regardless of their lifestyle. 1900年，这个国家的平均预期寿命为47岁，其主要致命疾病包括肺结核肺炎，流行性感冒，霍乱，伤寒，天花-这些传染性疾病袭击了所有年龄层的人，不管他们的生活方式怎样。
Today,on the other hand,life expectancyhas been extended to 74, thanks in large part to the conquest of the acute infectious disease through improved sanitation, better distribution and storage of foods, and the introduction of immunization and antibiotics. 如今，在另一方面，预期寿命已延长至74岁，这在很大程度上是由于对于急性传染病的征服，通过改善卫生条件，更好地分配和储存食物，以及引进免疫方法和抗生素。
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社会医学英汉词汇对照表AA type behavior A 型行为模式ability of life, ADL 日常生活活动能力accessible 可获得性accessible care 可及性服务accident 事故achievable age 增长年龄acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合症/艾滋病activity life expectancy 活动期望寿命adaptation 适应度adolescent pregnancy 青少年妊娠adverse drug reaction，ADR 药物不良反应affection 情感度alternate form reliability 复本信度American social health association, ASHA 美国社会健康协会appraisal age 评价年龄articles of agreement of the international bank for 国际复兴与开发银行reconstruction and developmentattributable burden 归因疾病负担比avoidable burden 可避免的疾病负担比Bbehavioral risk of factor surveillance system, BRFSS 行为危险因素监测系统biomedical model 生物医学模式bio-psycho-social medical model 生物-心理-社会医学模式blue cross 蓝十字blue shield 蓝盾bodily pain, BP 躯体疼痛body mass index, BMI 体重指数法Ccare 医疗保健case control study 病例对照研究ceiling 限额方式center on outcomes research and education, CORE 结局研究与教育中心centers for disease control and prevention, CDC 美国疾病控制中心chronic non-communicable diseases 慢性非传染性疾病cohort study 队列研究commerce 商务community 社区community health services, CHS 社区卫生服务community medicine 社区医学comprehensive care 综合性服务connection 连接construct validity 结构效度consumer 需方content 内容content validity 内容效度continuity care 连续性服务coordinated care 协调性服务co-payment 共付方式coping style 应付方式cost benefit analysis, CBA 成本效益分析cost effectiveness analysis, CEA 成本效果分析cost utility analysis, CUA 成本效用分析counter culture 反文化criterion validity 准则效度Ddeductible 起付线Delphi 德尔菲法department for international development, DFID 英国国际发展署dependence 依赖detoxification 脱毒deviant behavior 越轨行为disability/disabilities 残疾disability adjusted life expectancy, DALE 疾病调整期望寿命disability adjusted life year, DALY 伤残调整寿命年disability free life expectancy, DFLE 无残疾期望寿命disease 疾病disease and treatment related symptoms 疾病治疗的相关症状disease burden 疾病负担drugs 药物Eecological model 生态学模式economic intervention 经济干预economic status or factors 经济状况或因素educational intervention 教育干预emotional well-being 情感状况empathy 移情enforcement intervention 强制干预engineering intervention 工程干预EuroQOL five-dimension questionnaire, EQ-5D 欧洲生存质量测定量表Eysenck personality questionnaire, EPQ 艾森克人格问卷Fface validity 表面效果family 家庭family medicine 家庭医学family systems theory 家庭系统理论fee for service, FFS 服务项目收费系统focus group discussion 专题小组讨论food and drug administration, FDA 食品与药物管理局full health 完全健康functional 功能functional assessment of cancer therapy, FACT 癌症治疗功能评价系统functional living index cancer scale, FLIC 癌症病人生活功能指数functional status 机能状态functional well-being 功能状况Ggeneral health, GH 总体健康general practitioner, GP 全科医生global burden of disease, GBD 全球负担疾病global inventory of stress, GIS 压力测量量表globalization 全球化gross domestic product, GDP 国内生产总值gross national product, GNP 国民生产总值growth 成长度Hhandicaps 残障hardship due to cancer 因癌造成的艰难health 健康health care management 卫生管理学health behavior 健康行为health care system 医疗保健制度health human resource 卫生人力资源health insurance 健康保险health maintenance organization, HMO 健康维持组织health management 健康管理health perception 健康意识health policy support project, HPSP 卫生政策支持项目health related behavior 健康相关行为health related quality of life, HRQOL 健康相关生命质量health risk factors 健康危险因素health risk factors appraisal, HRA 健康危险因素评价health services demand 卫生服务需求health services need 卫生服务需要health services research 卫生服务研究health services use or utilization 卫生服务利用health services want 卫生服务要求health-for-all policy for the twenty-first century 21世纪人人享有卫生保健healthy life expectancy, HALE 健康期望寿命high risk strategy 高危策略hospice care 临终关怀服务household health interview survey 家庭健康询问调查human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Iillicit drug 非法药物illness 病患impairment 缺损important 重要性in-depth interview 深入访谈index medicus, IM 医学索引injury 伤害internalization 内化intentional injury 故意伤害international federation of red cross and red crescent 国际红十字会与红新月会联合会societiesinternational quality of life assessment, IQOLA 国际生命质量评价项目international society for quality of life research 国际生命质量研究协会ISOQOLInternet addiction, IA 网络成瘾KKarnofsky performance status, KPS Karnofsky功能状况量表Katz index Kate量表koro 恐缩症Llabel 标签legitimation 合法化life event 生活事件life expectancy free of disability, LEFD 无残疾期望寿命life experiences survey, LES 生活事件压力问卷limitation of activity 活动受限linear analogue self-assessment, LASA 线性模拟自我评估表long-term care 长期照顾Mmanaged care 管理型医疗保健组织mass screening 群体筛查medicaid 穷人医疗保险medical insurance 医疗保险mechanistic medical model 机械论医学模式medical model 医学模式medical outcomes study, MOS 医疗结果调查表medical psychology 医学心理学medical sociology 医学社会学medical subject headings, MeSH 医学主题词medicare 老人医疗保险medifund 保健基金medisave 保健储蓄medishield 医保双全mental disorders 精神保障mental health, MH 精神健康mobility, MOB 移动model 模式multiple cause/multiple effect 多因多果multiple cause/single effect 多因单果Nnarcotic anonymous 匿名戒毒协会national cancer institute, NCI 美国国立癌症研究所national health service, NHS 国家卫生服务nature philosophical medical model 自然哲学医学模式nausea 恶心nominal group discussion 选题小组讨论Nottingham health profile, NHP 诺丁汉健康量表nursing home 护理院Oobservation 观察Ppalliative medicine 姑息医学partnership 合作度pathological internet use, PIU 病态网络使用patient 病人payer 支付方perceived need 觉察到的需要peri-menopause 围绝经期perinatal health care 围产保健personality 人格personalized care 人格化服务physical 生理physiological activity capability, PAC 生理活动physical and occupational function 生理和职业功能physical dependence 生理依赖physical functioning, PF 生理功能physical quality of life index, PQLI 生活质量指数physical well-being 生理状况physical well-being and ability 躯体良好和能力population attributable risk 人群归因危险度population strategy 全人群策略potential impact fractions, PIF 潜在影响分数potential need 潜在需要potential years of life lost, PYLL 减少人年数preferred provide organization, PPO 优先提供者组织pre-marriage care 婚前保健prevalence of risk 危险因素暴露率preventive medicine 预防医学primary prevention 一级预防provider 提供者/供方psychoactive substances 精神活性物质psychological 心理psychological and social well-being 心理和社会的良好状况psychological dependence 心理依赖psychological state 心理状态psychological well-being 心理良好psychotic disorders 精神病性障碍Qquality of life, QOL 生命质量quality of life instruments 癌症患者生命质量测定量表系列for cancer patients, QLICPquality of life scale for patients with Type 2 diabetes 2型糖尿病患者生活质量量表mellitus, DMQLSquality of life research 生命质量研究杂志quality of well-being scale, QWB 良好适应状态指数quality-adjusted life years, QALY 生命质量调整年questionnaire 问卷Rrecognition 认同recommended & dietary allowance 膳食营养推荐标准relative risk, RR 相对危险度reliability 信度reliable 可靠性reported health transition, HT 健康变化representative 代表性resolve 亲密度response shift 反应转移reward system 犒赏中枢ripple effect 涟漪反应road traffic injury 道路交通伤害role-emotional, RE 情感职能role-physical, RP 生理职能Sscreening 筛查secondary prevention 二级预防selective screening 选择性筛查sensitive 敏感性severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS 严重急性呼吸道综合症sexually transmitted diseases, STDs 性传播性疾病sexually transmitted infections, STIs 性传播性感染sickness 患病sickness impact profile, SIP 疾病影响量表single cause/single effect 单因单果social 社会social activity capability, SAC 社会活动social capital 社会资本social class 社会阶层social determinant for health 健康社会决定因素social engineering 社会工程social equity 社会公平性social factor 社会因素social functioning, SF 社会功能social interaction 社会互动状况social medicine 社会医学social problem 社会问题social support 社会支持social vulnerable group 社会弱势群体social well-being 社会良好social/family well-being 社会/家庭状况sociopathy 社会病specific 特异性spiritualism medical model 神灵主义医学模式split-half reliability 折半信度strain 紧张stress 压力stress management 压力管理stress reaction 压力反应stressor 压力源structured interview 结构式访谈subculture 亚文化substances 成瘾物质suicide 自杀supplier 药物和机械、设备供应商surveillance of disease 疾病监测sustainable development 可持续发展Ttertiary prevention 三级预防test-retest reliability 复测信度the MOS 36-item short form health survey, SF-36 36调目简明健康量表the European organization for research and 欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织treatment of cancer, EORTCthe 35-item QOL questionnaire, QOL-35 中国人生活质量普适量表the WHO quality of life assessment instrument, 卫生组织生存质量测定量表WHOQOLthe world organization of national colleges, 世界全科医师/家庭医师学会academies and academic associations of generalpractitioners/family physicians, WONCAthird party 第三方two pronged strategy 双向策略Uunintentional injury 意外伤害united nations children fund 联合国儿童基金会united nations international children emergency 联合国国际儿童紧急救援基金会fund, UNICEFurban health and poverty project, UHPP 城市社区卫生服务与贫困救助项目useful 实用性Vvalid 有效性validity 效度venereal disease 性病visual analogue scale, V AS 视觉模拟尺度vitality, VT 活力Voodoo death 伏都死Wwhole-person care 人格化服务withdrawal symptoms 戒断症状world bank, WB 世界银行world health organization WHO 世界卫生组织Yyears lived with disability, YLD 伤残损失健康生命年years of life lost, YLL 死亡损失健康生命年。