英语四级考试语法结构与词汇
大学英语四级考试的考点有哪些知识点汇总
![大学英语四级考试的考点有哪些知识点汇总](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/da93e1ad964bcf84b8d57b96.png)
英语四级考试的考点有哪些一、语法部分考查重点1 、虚拟语气的考点为:would rather+that从句+一般过去时;It is vital/necessary/important/urgent /imperative /desirable /advisable /natural /essential +that +( should )动词原形;proposal /suggestion +that +动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;lest +that +should +动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。
2 、状语从句的考点为:非if 引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times ,provided ,so long as ,in case ,once 等来替代if ;由 even if /so,now that ,for all 等引导的让步状语从句;just /hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than ,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3 、独立主格结构:多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4 、情态动词:多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句:重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和 as 作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如: popular /patient +with ;yield /s olution /adapt /transfer /access +to ;accuse/require +of ;charge +for ;under +discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如: confess to /set about /be used to +doing ;be supposed to /have/make sb.+ do 等。
英语四级考试必备基础语法知识
![英语四级考试必备基础语法知识](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a371f62add36a32d737581dc.png)
英语四级考试必备基础语法知识动词时态1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作I’d been working for some tim e when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.动词语态可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.宾补结构的被动语态:She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.短语动词Vi + advThe plane took off two hours late.Vi + prepThey looked round the Cathedral.Vi + prep (有被动语态)She’s looking after her sister’s children.The children were always well looked after.Vi + adv + prepI began to look forward to their visits.Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)I am trying to give up smoking.Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.错误的省略His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.一致如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.代词作主语时的一致each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you?some, few, both, many 等作复数some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一.none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:None of the books are easy enough for usNone of us seem to have thought of it.None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词(all of the…, most of the …), 动词用单数.由and 或both… and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致。
英语四级常考语法总结
![英语四级常考语法总结](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5b218e5958eef8c75fbfc77da26925c52cc591d9.png)
英语四级常考语法总结摘要:1.引言2.英语四级常考语法点一:动词时态3.英语四级常考语法点二:被动语态4.英语四级常考语法点三:从句5.英语四级常考语法点四:情态动词6.英语四级常考语法点五:虚拟语气7.英语四级常考语法点六:非谓语动词8.英语四级常考语法点七:介词、连词和代词9.英语四级常考语法点八:句子成分和结构10.结论正文:【引言】英语四级考试是很多大学生必须面对的一项重要考试。
为了帮助大家更好地备战四级,本文将总结英语四级考试中经常出现的语法点,希望能够提高大家的学习效率,轻松应对考试。
【英语四级常考语法点一:动词时态】动词时态是英语四级考试中的重点和难点,考生需要掌握各种时态的构成和用法。
主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时等。
【英语四级常考语法点二:被动语态】被动语态在英语四级考试中也非常重要,主要有三种形式:一般被动语态、完成被动语态和被动语态的否定形式。
掌握被动语态的用法,有助于提高阅读理解和写作的能力。
【英语四级常考语法点三:从句】从句是英语四级考试中不可或缺的部分,主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
学会识别和运用各种从句,对提高四级成绩至关重要。
【英语四级常考语法点四:情态动词】情态动词在英语四级考试中占有重要地位,如:can、could、may、might、must、should等。
掌握情态动词的用法,有助于提高语法填空和完形填空的正确率。
【英语四级常考语法点五:虚拟语气】虚拟语气在英语四级考试中也有一定的出现频率,主要包括条件句中的虚拟语气、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气等。
学会运用虚拟语气,能让你的句子更加丰富多彩。
【英语四级常考语法点六:非谓语动词】非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
在英语四级考试中,非谓语动词的应用范围广泛,如:作主语、作宾语、作定语等。
【英语四级常考语法点七:介词、连词和代词】介词、连词和代词在英语四级考试中贯穿始终,掌握它们的使用方法,能有效提高填空题和选择题的正确率。
英语专四语法复习内容
![英语专四语法复习内容](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/eb0f3202a66e58fafab069dc5022aaea988f4142.png)
英语专四语法复习内容想要通过英语专四考试,就必须掌握英语专四的语法。
那么英语专四的语法有哪些呢?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语专四语法内容,希望大家喜欢!英语专四语法内容一 There be 结构1. There be结构There were very few people left when we got there.There have been many such incidents.Nearby there had been a fight in full progress.也可以是情态动词 +beThere can be very little doubt about his guilt.There may always be instances about which we are uncertain. There ought to / should be some instructions on the lid.还可以是There +情态动词+ be 的完成时There may have been an accident.If the criminal had come this way, there would be / would have been footprints. There should / ought to have been someone on duty all the time.2. There + 半动词+ be,这里很少用完成体形式.There is certain to be trouble at the factory.There is sure / likely to be some rain tonight. There seems / appears to be no doubt about it.3. There be结构也可有被动式,这类there be结构有些可以与there be结构的一般形式相互转换。
最新[英语考试]英语专业四级考试 语法词汇知识幻灯片课件
![最新[英语考试]英语专业四级考试 语法词汇知识幻灯片课件](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4b246e063186bceb18e8bbb7.png)
D. are not long distances 6. 与冠词的搭配
___ London of Dicken’s time come to ___ in his books.
A. The, / B. /,/ C. /, the D. The,the
代词
The city council ___ meeting to discuss the point. A. is B. are C. was D. were ❖ 4) a committee,etc. of + 如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用
❖ 3.具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法,不 常用的情况
❖ 2.习惯用法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing; be supposed to/have/ make sb.+do
❖ 3.由同一动词构成的短语如:come,go,set, break,put
It takes ___ to build a road
A. a lot of machine B. a lot of machinery
C. much machines D. much machineries ❖ 3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词如: audience,
committee, class, crew, family, public, government
A. / B. that of C. which is D. of
❖ 5. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、 容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用单数。 Ten miles ____ in such a large city.
四级词汇、结构的答题技巧
![四级词汇、结构的答题技巧](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/215f290090c69ec3d5bb75ed.png)
2)、内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言 知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑 关系,然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大 致意义。
A. 根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中,有对两个事物或现象进行 对比性的描述,我们可以根据生词或难词的反义 词猜测其词义。例如: Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike,not, but,however,despite,in spite of,in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。 “A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.”
四级词汇、结构的答题技巧
四级强化辅导
一、四级考试对词汇和语法有何要求?
《大学英语四级考试大纲》规定:大学英语 四级考试的词汇和语法结构部分就是“考核学生 对语法结构和词语用法的掌握程度”。 “领会式掌握4200单词(其中复用式掌握的 单词为2500)以及一定量的常用词组,并且有按 照基本构词法识别生词的能力”。 进一步巩固和加深学习的语法项目,包括基 本句型、句子成分、词类、各种从句、倒装、省 略、句型转换、构词法、标点等,但是在语法结 构测试中主要涉及时态、语态、虚拟语气、非谓 语动词、连词、介词、比较级、一致关系、词序 等几个方面。
C. 根据因果关系猜测词义
大学英语四级常考语法总结
![大学英语四级常考语法总结](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/dbff1739aaea998fcc220e3b.png)
大学英语四级常考语法总结一、虚拟语气。
应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语,由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望,其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。
二、独立主格题。
一般说来,在句子中没有连接词的情况下,逗号是无力连接两个句子的,其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式,要么是独立主格结构。
两种结构都做状语,不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。
三、时态。
英语中共有16个时态。
四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。
四、名词性从句。
形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点,用什么引导词,引导词前面的介词形式,引导词在从句中做什么成分,从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。
此外,主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。
五、主谓一致。
这类考题灵活性大,需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。
一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式,如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则:主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时,谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。
分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句,部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别,as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等,都是考生应当重视的地方。
七、非谓语动词。
①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系,确定使用主动语态或被动语态,然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。
英语专业四级语法重点汇总
![英语专业四级语法重点汇总](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/6e23a0fba76e58fafbb003c5.png)
英语专业四级语法重点汇总English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下:mean to do想要(做某事)VS mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do 打算(做某事)VS propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事)VS forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)VS remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事)VS go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾VS regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下:如:“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如:“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如:“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如:“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如:“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如:“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句:The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下:如:be busy/active doing sth.如:It’s no good/use doing sth.如:spend/waste time doing sth.如:have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如:have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如:There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句:There is no use crying over spilt milk.(典型例句)牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分,通常考到的知识点总结如下:(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语,通常是做表语或后置定语的例句:Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词,不能看错是副词,例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下:“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句:The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上,两国形势仍然持续紧张。
考英语四级必备知识点总结
![考英语四级必备知识点总结](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/fe6e9e23b94ae45c3b3567ec102de2bd9605de94.png)
考英语四级必备知识点总结一、语法1. 名词:名词的数、格、所有格、复合名词等形式;2. 代词:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词等;3. 冠词:冠词的用法和区别;4. 形容词:形容词的比较级、最高级、修饰顺序等;5. 副词:副词的位置、修饰范围、比较级等;6. 介词:介词的用法、固定搭配、介词短语等;7. 连词:并列连词、从属连词、关联词等;8. 动词:动词的时态、语态、情态动词、动词的非谓语形式、虚拟语气等;9. 主谓一致:主语和谓语动词的一致性;10. 从句:定语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等;二、词汇1. 同义词和反义词:掌握同义词和反义词的意义、用法和搭配;2. 词组搭配:掌握固定搭配、习惯搭配等;3. 词根词缀:掌握常见的词根和词缀,用于理解词义和构词法;4. 词性转换:学会名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转换;三、时态1. 一般现在时:表示经常性、习惯性的动作和真理;2. 现在进行时:表示现阶段正在进行的动作;3. 一般过去时:表示过去的某个时间内发生的动作或状态;4. 过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作;5. 现在完成时:表示动作发生在过去的某个时间,对现在的影响;6. 过去完成时:表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作;7. 一般将来时:表示将来某个时间内会发生的动作或状态;8. 现在将来时:表示过去某一时刻之后会发生的动作;四、语态1. 主动语态:动作的执行者位于主语的位置;2. 被动语态:动作的承受者位于主语的位置;五、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1. 比较级:两者之间的程度比较;2. 最高级:三者或三者以上的程度比较;六、虚拟语气1. 虚拟条件句:表示与现实相反的假设;2. 虚拟语气:表示与现实相反的愿望、建议、命令等;七、固定搭配和习惯表达1. 不定式的固定搭配;2. 动词短语的固定搭配;3. 习惯的表达方式;八、阅读1. 文章大意把握:对文章的主旨、中心思想有清晰的了解;2. 名词、冠词和代词的指代:注意文章中名词的指代和代词的指代;3. 语篇结构:掌握文章的段落结构和句子结构;4.常见题型:主旨大意题、细节题、推断题、态度观点题等;九、写作1. 作文基本结构:包括引言、正文、结论;2. 句子结构:掌握句子的简单、复合、并列等结构;3. 衔接词和过渡句:上下文之间的衔接;4. 写作技巧:逻辑、严密的论述,正反两方面的看待问题等;以上就是英语四级必备知识点的总结,通过对以上知识点的掌握和练习可以有效地提高英语能力。
英语四级考试语法结构与词汇
![英语四级考试语法结构与词汇](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a5f63aaba0c7aa00b52acfc789eb172ded6399bf.png)
英语四级考试语法结构与词汇一、语法结构部分。
1. 时态。
- 一般现在时。
- 用法:表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观事实。
- 结构:主语 + 动词原形(第三人称单数主语时动词加 -s或 -es)。
例如:I play football every Sunday.(play,动词原形,[pleɪ])He plays football every Sunday.(plays,动词第三人称单数形式,[pleɪz])- 一般过去时。
- 用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
- 结构:主语+动词的过去式。
例如:I saw a movie yesterday.(saw,see的过去式,[sɔː],动词)- 现在进行时。
- 用法:表示现在正在进行的动作。
- 结构:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词的 -ing形式。
例如:She is reading a book.(is,be动词第三人称单数形式,[ɪz];reading,动词的 -ing形式,['ri ːdɪŋ])- 过去进行时。
- 用法:表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
- 结构:主语+be动词(was/were)+动词的 -ing形式。
例如:He was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.(was,be动词第一、三人称单数过去式,[wɒz];watching,动词的 -ing形式,['wɒtʃɪŋ])2. 从句。
- 定语从句。
- 概念:在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词。
- 关系代词:who(指人,主格,[huː]),whom(指人,宾格,[huːm]),which(指物,[wɪtʃ]),that(指人或物,[ðæt])。
例如:The boy who/that is standing there is my brother.(这里who/that引导定语从句修饰the boy)- 名词性从句。
英语四级考试语法---词性,虚拟语气,句型结构
![英语四级考试语法---词性,虚拟语气,句型结构](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8b585e0f52ea551810a68742.png)
英语四级考试语法精讲1.主动形式 2.被动形式 CET -4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
时间状语从句当中的时态: 一般过去时 所有的过去用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成一.非谓语动词一.不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般did do will/shall do should/would do 进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/wouldhave done 用于虚拟语气完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / /过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/wouldhave been given完成进行/ //3)不定式充当名词功能---T o see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+ doing表示动作的连续性,进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义
![大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9c5dc0d449649b6648d747d9.png)
大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义第一部分(一)第一节、解决四级英语长难句的意义1、阅读,抓不住句子重点,在一个句子上浪费太多时间。
最后根据不完整的理解,碰运气乱猜答案。
2、翻译,提笔不知从哪里下手;胡乱写几行,卷面乱,不知所云,影响印象分。
(一)长难句到底难在哪里?--几句废话般的常识。
1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多;2)单词意思常需根据上下文判断;3)代词的指代关系复杂;4)并列成分多;5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;6)习惯搭配。
注:以上情况有可能单独出现,更多是“团伙作案”。
(二)长难句的破解的几个基本要点·把握规律(按照所讲的基本方法)·充分利用现有语法、词汇知识,提高知识的产出效率。
·破解核心是化繁为简,化难为易。
(三)长难句解决的具体步骤1、抓主干2、理顺主从句子关系。
(四)分析句子成分的详细过程1)找出全句主谓宾或主系表,即句子的主干;2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3)分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词,短语和从句之间的关系;4)分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
第二节、长句速读同位语和较长的后置定语(如人物身份,句子中间的非限制性定语从句),很长的专有名词(如机构名称)等。
这些信息需要用跳读(skip)的方法,略去不读。
在文章里,经常会出现此类文字信息,目的是为了干扰视线。
实际,没有必要去弄明白某人是什么大学的什么教授,也不必急着去了解美国一个部门全称或缩写是什么具体意思,因为题目中极少直接考这样的细节信息。
做题时即使需要此类信息,利用人名或其它专有名词都是开头字母大写的特征很容易找到。
例如:People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的)behavior,”says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. (2004年6月)A recent study, published in last week‟s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. (2003年9月)划线部分的信息可以一扫而过,目光不需要在上面停留细读。
1-英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--从句
![1-英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--从句](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/553ac56cc77da26924c5b0d4.png)
Company Logo
24
原因状语从句
• Because, since, as和for
• because语气最强,强调原因。回答 “why”问句。表原因的强调句型中,也只 用because。在“not…but…”结构中, 也用它。
• e.g. He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was ill.
Company Logo
12
注意事项
• 3. It + be + 时间 + before-clause • 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如:
long years , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ,主句中的谓语动词 用肯定式,意为"过多长时间才......"。 • 主句的谓语动词是否定式时,意为"没过多长时间 就......"。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时 will be;用was 时,before从句的动词用一般 过去时;用will be 时,before从句常用一般现 在时。 例如:
• A before B until C since D when
Company Logo
13
真题
• 60. The couple had no sooner got to the station ____ the coach left. (2009)
• A. when B. as C. until D. than • 56. I enjoyed myself so much ___
英语四级语法总结(全)
![英语四级语法总结(全)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b624f08eaa00b52acec7ca30.png)
英语四级语法总结(全)一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表:1.主动形式2.被动形式❖CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
❖时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一.非谓语动词一.不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1)一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;+ doing表示动作的连续性,进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)❖感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。
四级考试语法结构测试重点--(特殊)倒装结构-四级语法
![四级考试语法结构测试重点--(特殊)倒装结构-四级语法](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d6cc47c377a20029bd64783e0912a21614797f0f.png)
英语句⼦结构中有两种语序:⼀种是⾃然语序(Natural Word-order),与汉语是⼀致的,即"主语+谓语",另外⼀种是倒装语序(Inverted Word-order),即把谓语动词的全部或⼀部分置于主语之前,或把宾语、表语置于主语之前。
倒装句(Inversion)有两种情况:⼀种是普通的倒装句---疑问句,这种倒装句是由把助动词或动词的⼀部分置于主语之前构成;另⼀种是特殊的倒装句,这种倒装句⽐较复杂,有⼀定的词语和句型的要求,即某些含有否定意义的词语或词组放在句⾸,表⽰强调,句⼦要求⽤倒装结构。
特殊的倒装句有两种形式:⼀种是将助动词或情态动词置于主语之前,没有助动词则需要加do,does或 did,这种倒装句称为"不完全倒装"或"部分倒装"(Partial Inversion);另⼀种是将整个谓语部分放在主语之前,不⽤助动词,这种倒装句称为"完全倒装"(Full Inversion)。
倒装句是英语语法中的重点,也是英语学习中的难点。
在各类英语考试中,都会出现特殊的倒装结构这类语法项⽬,因此需要逐⼀学习、记忆并掌握它们的要求和⽤法。
下⾯就这种特殊的倒装结构这⼀语法项⽬常见的情况例释如下,以引起参加各种英语考试的同学的重视:⼀、含有否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装某些表⽰否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句⾸,表⽰强调,句⼦要求⽤倒装结构。
常见的这类副词或副词短语有:never,seldom , rarely,no sooner...than,hardly/scarcely/ barely...when,no,little,nowhere,not,hardly,no longer, not until,not only...but also等等。
1、never,rarely,seldom位于句⾸,⽤于进⾏"⽐较",句⼦要求⽤倒装结构。
2023年6月大学英语四级考试语法复习指导(1)
![2023年6月大学英语四级考试语法复习指导(1)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5c62b23f854769eae009581b6bd97f192279bfb4.png)
2023年6月大学英语四级考试语法复习指导(1)一、as…as结构的几点用法说明:1.基本用法该结构的基本意思是“与……一样”,其中接形容词或副词的原级,在否定句中,第一个as也可换成so.如:He doesn't study as [so] hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。
2.涉及数量或程度的用法若涉及数量或程度,可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“asmany+可数名词复数+as”。
如:He doesn‘t pay as much tax as we do / as us. 他没我们交的税款多。
There are not as many restaurants as there were. 现在餐馆没有过去多了。
3.有关词序的一点说明其间接形容词时,有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词,但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)。
如:I have as good a voice as you. 我的声音和你一样好。
4.该结构的修饰语根据情况可用(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, threetimes, 30 per cent等修饰,并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前,而不能置于其后。
如:This room is twice as large as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两个大。
You‘re not half as clever us you think you are. 你远不是自己想像的那么聪明。
It took three times as long as I had expected. 这件事比我预料的多花了两倍的时间。
二、first与at first用法区别详解:1、从词性上看区别first可用作形容词或副词,有时还可用作代词;而at first作为介词短语,只起副词用作用(在句中用作状语)。
英语专业四级语法汇总
![英语专业四级语法汇总](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4392160252ea551810a6879c.png)
语法回顾篇专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were),主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done,主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done;例如:43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren‟tB. hasn‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. wouldn‟t考点3.与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用:did(should+do或were + to do),主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+do。
例如:43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年)• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象,也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如:If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--比较结构
![英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--比较结构](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5f1a12b8b0717fd5360cdcf8.png)
• 7. 词汇意义表示的比较: • Senior, junior, superior, inferior 等形容词后要用to, 不用 than • Minor, major, prior, preferable, compared with, in comparison with, different from, rather than不用比较形 式却表示比较概念 • 没有比较级最高级形式的形容词:“独特、最佳”Perfect, only, unique, excellent, ideal
• 6. 倍数的比较结构 • A is +倍数+the+名词(如size, length, width, etc) + of B • A is +倍数+as+形容词 (如big, long, wide, etc) + as B • A is +倍数+形容词比较级(如bigger, longer, wider, etc) + than B
• 1. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ___ the size of St. Peter’s in Rome. (2008) • A. / B. that of C. which is D. of • 2. A new laptop costs about ___ of a second-hand one. (2009) • A. the price of three times • B. three times the price • C. as much as the three times price • D. three times more than the price • AB
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2.利用动词词组中的动词确定选项 .
有些题的四个选项中的介词或副词一样, 而动词不同,这时我们就可以利用动词 的区别来确定正确选项,如下例: If you__the bottle and cigarettes,you'll be much healthier.(1997年1月CET6) A) take off B)keep off C)get off D)set off
3)These good sale _____for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home ma rket.(1998年6月CET4) A)essentially B)completely C)necessarily D) remarkably 4)Mr.Morgan can be very sad _____though in public he is extremely cheerful. (1997年1月CET4) A)by himself B)in person C)in private D)as individual
5.近年来考题中的新趋势为:若干考 .近年来考题中的新趋势为: 点混合出现:一些交际用语也时常出 现在考题中
三、复习思路
1.全面掌握基本语法点,重点记住各个项 目中的“偏、特、难”点 2.掌握常用习惯用法和词组 3.注意在阅读中培养语感,因为在语篇层 次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题 4.研究以往考试试题,适当做些练习记住 典型题例
2.语法考试的重点突出 .
语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项 目,这些项目还反复出现如:虚拟语气, 状语从句,定语从句,独立主格,情态 动词。
3.具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊 . 用法, 用法,不常用的情况
1)虚拟语气的考点为: would rather+that从句+一般过去时: It is vital / necessary / important / urgent / imperative / desirable / advisable / natural / essential+that+动词原形; It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去 时: proposal/ suggestion+that+动词原形;lest+that +should+动词原形; if only+that+would+动词原形。
3)独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形 式出现。 4)情态动词多与完成时形式连用。 5)定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词 (which)和as作为关系代词。
4.词汇的考查重点为 .
1)动词,名词与介词的搭配如:popular/ patient+with; yield/solution/adapt/ transfer/access+to;accuse/ require+ of;charge+for;under+discussion等等。 2)习惯用法如:confess to set about be 2 confess to/set about/be used to+doing; be supposed to/have/ make sb.+do等。
8.根据词的同现确定正确选择项 .
同现即同一组词总会出现在同一个语义场 中。考试题中出现的同 现现象主要是动 词与名词的同现、形容词与名词的同现、 名词与名词的同现。
1)The government is trying to go something to__ better understanding between the two countries.(1997年6月 CET4) A) raise B)promote C)heighten D)increase 2)John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life,that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must _ _ the curiosity and creativity of children.(1998年6月CET4) A) seek B)stimulate C)shape D)secure 3)Remember that customers don’t__about prices in that city.(1991年1月CET4) A) debate B)consult C)dispute D)bargain
3.释义参照型+近义词 .释义参照型+ 由于句子之间语义的关联,句中一部 分有时对另一部分构成解释关系,我 们可以根据已经明示的部分来确定选 项。
1)The medicine is on sale everywhere.You can get it at__chemist's.(1997年6月CET4) A) each B)some C)certain D)any 2)The manager spoke highly of such__as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.(1998年CET4) A)virtues B)features C)properties D)characteristics
二、四级语法结构与词汇考查内容
四级考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要 求是十分一致的。综观近年来的四级考 试题,我们不难发现四级考试语法词汇 部分是这样体现《大纲》的。
1.语法考题的涉及面宽 .
近年考题曾经考到:几乎所有词类,三种 动词的非谓语形式,名词从句,形容词 从句,副词从句,独立主格,一致,倒 装,强调等基本语法知识。
四、词汇题答题技巧
由于《大纲》强调要在语篇层次上解决语 法与词汇问题,所以四级考试的这部分 试题也很少是单个的句子,大多为并列 句或复合句,因此我们也应学会根据语 篇知识来掌握答题技巧,尤其是要注意 句子之间的解释、对比、转折、因果等 关系。
1.利用动词词组中的介词或副词确定 . 正确选项
命题人员想考查考生是否掌握了某一动词词 组的用法,在设计四个选项时,有时会让 一个动词出现在四个选项中,只是后边的 介词或副词不一样。在做这一类题时,如 果我们认识某一词组,根据自己的判断毫 不犹豫地选择你认为是正确的选项。如果 不认识或拿不准词组的意义,我们可以根 据上下文以及动词后边的介词或副词进行 推导。
6.反义对比参照型+近义词 .反义对比参照型+
这里指的是利用句子主干中的某词或短语, 再加上四个近义词选项的区别来确定正 确选项。
1)Competition,they believe,__ the national character than corrupt it.(1997年1 月CET6) A)enforcesB)confirms C)intensifiesD) strengthens 2)I think she hurt my feelings__ rather than by accident as she claimed.(1997年1 月CET6) A)virtually B)deliberately C)literally D) appropriately 3)As an excellent shooter, Peter practiced aiming at both__ targets and moving targets.(1997年6月CET6) A)standing B)stationary C)still D)stable
2)状语从句的考点为:非if引导的条件状 语从句,此类句子多用 at times,provided, so long as,in case,once等来替代if;由 even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让 步状语从句;just/ hardly…when引导的 时间状语从句;more than,as…as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引 导的比较状语从句。
1)Having decided to rent a flat,we__ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city。(1998年1月CET4) A) set about B)set down C)set out D)set up
2)When he realized the police had spotted him,the man__the exit as quickly as possible.(1991年1月CET4) A) made off B)made for C)made out D)made up
5.转折或反义与对比参照型 .
这种类型题有的是通过转折词或反义词、 或对比词来确定选项, 有的是通过句中 词来确定选项中的转折词。
1) Even though he was guilty, the _judge did not send him to prison. (1997年1月CET6) A)merciful B)impartial C)conscientious D) conspicuous 2)____their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuin e affection for each other.(1998年1月 CET4) A)But for B)For all C)Above all D)Except for
7.语意环境参照型 .
1)The president made a___speech at the opening cere mony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.(1997 年 1 月 CET4 ) A)vigorous B)tedious C)flatD)harsh 2)However,at times this balance in nature is______ ____ resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects . ( 1998 年 6 月 CET4 ) A)troubled B)disturbed C ) confusedD ) puzzled