修辞格的翻译word 版
修辞格翻译
拟人（Personification） 拟人（Personification）
拟人就是把动物和没有生命的事物当成有思想感 情的人类来描写，甚至让它们具有人的行为。这 些事物可以是无生命的实体，还可以是抽象的概 念， 如：a smiling moon（微笑的月亮），a 如：a moon（微笑的月亮），a crying city（哭泣的城市），to strangle justice city（哭泣的城市），to （扼杀正义）等。 英汉两种语言中都有这种修辞手法，在翻译的时 候一般可采取直译的方法再现原文的生动形象。
3）We must work to live, and they give us such mean wages that we die. (Oscar Wilde, The Young King) King) 我们不得不做工来养活自己，可是他们只给我们那么少的 工钱，我们简直活不下去。 （巴金译） 4）Nay, he said—yes you did—deny it if you can, that said— did— you would not have confessed the truth, though master had cut you to pieces. (Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling) Foundling) 他还说——你是这么说的，有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说， 他还说——你是这么说的，有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说， 就是老师把你剁成肉酱，你也绝不招出实情。（萧乾译）
修辞格翻译（2 修辞格翻译（2）
转喻（Metonymy） 转喻（Metonymy）
转喻就是借与人或事物有关联的事物来指代人或事物。根 据上下文，既可以直译，也 可以意译。首先请看下面的例句： 1）Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? 生命当真如此可贵，和平当真如此甜蜜，竟值得以枷锁和 奴役为代价去换取吗？ 在这里，chains（枷锁）指代“束缚”，直译既可以保留 在这里，chains（枷锁）指代“束缚”，直译既可以保留 原文的感染力，又可以为读者理解。但并不是在所有情况 下直译都是最好选择，例如：John 下直译都是最好选择，例如：John spent many years in chains beforehe saw his family again. Chains 在这里指 代“囚禁”，若译成“约翰在枷锁中过了许多年才又见到 他的家人”则嫌不够自然，可意译成“约翰在监牢里呆了 很多年才又见到他的家人”。
3.5修辞格的翻译
3.5.1
明喻与隐喻 （simile and metaphor）（续2）
Will the Houston Rockets’ courtship of 7-5 Chinese center Yao Ming become a marriage, or will there be a breakup before Wednesday’s NBA draft? 休斯顿火箭队对7英尺5的中国中锋姚明的求爱是会 变成一场婚姻，还是他们在星期三的NBA选秀初选之 前分手？
认知语言学家George Lakoff Mark Johnson在 Metaphors We Live By一书中指出，隐喻是人类生存主要 的和基本的方式，人类隐喻认知结构是语言和社会文化 产生发展的基础。而语言是文化的载体，一种语言的比 喻折射出以这种语言为母语的人的思维方式和社会文化 特征。不管是明喻还是暗喻，翻译时首先要判断这种思 维方式或文化特征能否被译文读者所接受，然后依此进 行处理。请看下列例句：
3.5.1
明喻与隐喻 （simile and metaphor）（续5）
He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him "magpie". 他如此唠叨，同伴们给他起了个"麻雀"的外号。（汉 语中"喜鹊"喻义喜事、吉利、运气，而英语中喻义却是唠 叨、饶舌，于是取汉语中联想效果对应的比喻） "Don't be scared, chickens!" came her voice with teasing gaiety. " 别害怕， 你们这些胆小如鼠的东西！"只听得她用戏 谑的口气说道。（英语中鸡是懦弱、胆怯的代名词，而汉 语中的鸡却无法引起人们的这种联想，于是换成老鼠形象）
第九讲 修辞格的翻译2
双关；Pun
1）美国作家海明威的小说名 A Farewell to Arms 中的 “arms”一语双关，第一层意思为 “武器”， 代表帝国主义战争，第二层意思为 “手臂”，代表 拥抱与爱情，该词点出了他这部作品的双重主题。 此书有两个汉译本，一本把书名译为《永别了，武 器》，另一本处理成《战地春梦》，在体现书名里 的双关语这一点上，后一种译法更为恰切：“战” 与 “春”分别译出原文 arms 的两层意思。
顶真；Anadiplosis 1) 有个农村叫张家庄 张家庄 张家庄，张家庄 张木匠。 张家庄 张家庄有个张木匠 张木匠 张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫“小飞娥 小飞娥”。小 张木匠 小飞娥 小 飞娥生了个女儿叫艾艾。（赵树理：《登 飞娥 记》）There was a village called Zhangjia Village，where lived Carpenter Zhang，who had a good wife，nicknamed Little Moห้องสมุดไป่ตู้h， who gave birth to a girl called Ai’ai.
脚韵 （Rhyme） 1) 饭来张口，衣来伸手 口 手 have only to open one’s mouth to be fed and hold out one’s hands to be dressed ---- lead an easy life 2) 秦时明月汉时关， 关 万里长征人未还。（王昌龄：《从军行〈之三〉》） 还 The age-old moon still shines o’er the ancient Great Wall， But our frontier guardsmen have not come back at all.
英语修辞的翻译
提喻 （synecdoche)
No one grasped you by the shoulder while there was still time; and naught will awaken in you the sleeping poet or musician or astronomer that possibly inhabited you from the begi得目瞪口呆的事。他体内充 满创造力的魔鬼不停地挣扎，挥舞魔爪又抓 又挖，试图冲出体外。魔鬼一边撕扯，一边 尖声狂叫，要他谱写藏于体内的乐曲。他遭 受这般折腾，可是他那可怜的脑袋和身躯却 没有被压跨，岂不奇哉怪也。
双关 (Pun)
--What does that lawyer do after he dies? --Lie still.
矛盾（Oxymoron)
3. Parting is such sweet sorrow. (Romeo) 别离是如此地又甜蜜又令人心酸。
4. We are terribly pleased to hear the good news. 我们听到这一好消息真是欣喜若狂。
委婉（Euphemism)
1. That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing. 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。
也许你一生下来就具有成为诗人、音乐家或天 文学家的天赋，但在时间还不算晚的时候，没 有人拉你一把，时机一过，就再也无法唤醒在 你身上沉睡着的才能了。
转喻（Metonymy）
转喻又称借代。它故意不用需要说的人或 物的本称，而是借用与该人或物密切相关 的事物来代替。
“A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” (Webster’s New World Dictionary)
英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, orapplying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
第8课 修辞格的翻译
樱花红陌上，柳叶绿池边。 （《周恩来诗选<春日偶成>》 The pathways red with cherry blossoms; The lakeside green with willow leaves.
2.4 设问（ question and answer)
设问就是用自问自答的形式来达到增强语 气、吸引注意力的效果，并可以起到承上 启下的作用，常用直译。例如： 1 ） Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 2) To what is the increase of population? In part, I suppose, to a general increase in prosperity. 3) 既然小李已经向他道歉，他应该怎么做 呢？当然是原谅小李了。
2.1 Repetition
根据表达的需要，重复使用同一语句或词语的 修辞手法叫反复。可以突出感情，分清层次， 增添旋律美，加强节奏感。 April, April, Laugh thy girlish laughter. (W. Watson) 四月呀四月， 笑吧，姑娘般地笑吧。 A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes. 一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注 视着他们。
Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save, From the cradle to the grave, Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood? —Song to the men of England Percy Bysshe Shelly
Chapter 9 英语修辞格及翻译
2. 词义修辞格 • 2.7 transferred epithet • Example 13 • The indefatigable bell now sounded for the fourth time. • 那不知疲倦的钟声如今敲第四遍了。
2. 词义修辞格 • 2.8 personification • 把非人之事物当作人来描写，把本来只适用于 人的词语（如动词、形容词、名词或代词）用 来描述物，赋予物以人的属性 • 与汉语的“拟人”完全相同
2. 词义修辞格 • • • • 2.13 oxymoron Example 22 She looked tall and splendidly alone. 她个子高高的，好像鹤立鸡群，显得格外俊俏。
2. 词义修辞格 • 2.2 metaphor • Example 7 • His present hunger awoke and gnawed at him. • 眼下他肚子里的饥饿又苏醒过来撕咬着他。 （拟物）
2. 词义修辞格 • 2.3 allusion 暗示/提及 • 特点是不注明出处，一般多引用一个关键词或 词组，将其糅合在作者的话语中。 • 引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言或俗 语等，大多源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马 神话等 • 近似汉语中的“暗引”
1. 音韵修辞格 • 1.1 Onomatopoeia • 是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法 • 与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同
1. 音韵修辞格 • • • • 1.1 Onomatopoeia Example 1 The cart rattled down the street. 二轮马车发着嘎嘎声沿街驶过。
英语修辞格及翻译
张荷瑶
Chapter 9
修辞格（figures of speech）的分类
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
汉语的暗喻和英语的暗喻都不露比喻的 痕迹，把甲直接说成 “ 是”乙或“变成 了”乙，常用的喻词在汉语里有 “是”、 “变成”、“变为”、“成为”、“成 了”、“当作”等，英语里常用 “be”作 喻词，也用 “become”，“turn into”等 词语。暗喻在翻译中一般也可采取直译。
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
夸张； Hyperbole 1）我从乡下跑到京城里，一转眼已经六年
了。（鲁迅：《一件小事》）Six years have passed by in a twinkle since I
came to the capital city from the countryside.
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
英语里 as ... as ...结构的明喻大多可以 直译 ：
as cold as ice 冰冷 as hot as fire 火热 as hard as rock 坚如磐石 as light as feather 轻如鸿毛
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
下面的直译生动形象，也能被中国读者 所理解接受：
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
折绕；Periphrasis 1) “孔乙己，你脸上又添上新伤疤了!”（鲁迅：
《孔乙己》）（“ 添上新伤疤”意为 “又挨
打了”。）“Kong Yiji! You’ve got fresh scars
on your face!” 2) 胡思乱想，一夜也不曾合眼。（曹雪芹：
1) He has provided the poor with jobs，with opportunity，with self-respect. （在 with selfrespect 之前省去了连词 and。）他给穷人提 供了工作，提供了机会，提供了自尊。
汉英修辞格及其翻译
明喻、暗喻、借喻的区别：明喻是本体、喻体和比喻词三者都在句中出现；暗喻是本体、喻体都出现，比喻词却是“是”“成了”“变成”“成为”等；借喻是不出现本体，直接把喻体说成本体，中间不用比喻词。
比喻的基本类型有明喻、暗喻和借喻，此外还有很多变化形式。
明喻的格式为“本体＋“像”类喻词＋喻体”。
“像”类喻词包括“像、如、仿佛、好比”等等。
例如：①凌宇说，我妈不断地给我找对象，她说她要找一个和我匹配的人，就好像电脑要配一个好猫一样。
（丁伯慧《先锋时代》）暗喻的格式为“本体＋“是”类喻词＋喻体”。
“是”类喻词包括“是、变成、成为、等于”等等。
例如：②历史是一条长长的河，不断又有细流的渗去和汇入。
（韩少功《传统文化的危机》）借喻只出现“喻体”，本体和比喻词都不出现。
如下例中“红宝石”是喻体，本体“红菱”和比喻词“像”都未出现：③都唱。
歌撵人。
人撵手。
手如飞。
歌声里，桶梢里堆满了红宝石。
（王明义《采菱女》）比喻的变化形式主要有引喻、博喻、较喻、反喻等。
引喻不用比喻词，本体和喻体多为平行句式，喻体在前在后都可以；博喻是运用多个喻体对一个本体进行描写；较喻是在比喻的基础上将本体和喻体进行比较，说明本体超过或不及喻体；反喻则是以与本体没有相似之处的事物作喻体，否定本体像某种事物，从反面衬托说明本体。
例如：④漫长的旅途检验好马，艰苦的历程考验英雄。
（谚语）⑤交人要交心，浇树要浇根。
（谚语）⑥这歌声太美了，像小提琴的华彩，像钢琴的变奏，像溪水在山涧流淌，像夜莺在山间鸣唱。
（董恒波《魔音》）⑦在这样的气候中，艰苦劳动不要说，最困难的是水，比金子还要宝贵的水一点一滴都得从海南岛上运来。
（秦牧《在仙人掌丛生的地方》）⑧我们四川还有人用牛粪作燃料，至于那些又臭又长的文章，恐怕连牛粪都不如。
（郭沫若《关于文风问题》）⑨秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开、半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程上，是不合适的。
（郁达夫《故都的秋》）例④例⑤是引喻，例⑥是博喻，例⑦例⑧是较喻，例⑨是反喻。
英语修辞格的译法
It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.
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“He is really strange,” his friends said when they heard he had divorced his pretty and loving wife.
Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、 成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。例如： Grammar may be his heel of Achilles. 语法是他的大弱点。（Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士。除了脚踵处，他身上其他地方刀枪不入。） The project is an economic Albatross from the start. 这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。(Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后， 全船陷入灾难中。)
这些人犹如街上的有轨电车， 满足于在自己的轨道上运行。
Simile
Metaphor兼有汉语隐喻、借喻及拟物的特点，即把甲事物当作乙事物来描写。
（1）Experience is the mother of wisdom. 经验为智慧之母。（隐喻） （2）She is shedding crocodile tears. 她在掉鳄鱼眼泪。（借喻） （3） Mark my words, the first woman who fishes for him, hooks him. 瞧着吧， 不管什么女人钓他， 他就会上钩。（拟物）
英语常用修辞格的翻译分析
quiet, light, fresh ,blind, clear, stubborn, cunning, old ,slippery, busy
明喻 Simile
英语中的simile和汉语明喻基本格式相同，一般情况下，可以照直翻译。as busy as bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌as brave as lion 像狮子一样勇猛as black as crow 像乌鸦一般黑as sharp as knife 像刀一样锋利
英语比喻美感的再现应以比喻内容为基础，发掘比喻美的真正所在，同时致力于形式的表现，尽可能用“形神兼备”的翻译来传神达意。在实在不可能“形似”时，要在“神似”的条件下，竭力用其它方法和手段表现出原比喻的意之真谛、美之内涵。依据这一原则，可采用以下方法：
1 go to sleep in the presence of Mrs. General and blood was to change to milk and water. (Dickens. Little Dorrit) 在杰纳勒尔夫人跟前，一个人的激情会变得麻木不仁，热血也会变成掺了水的牛奶。
少时所学，到老不忘。我赚的不够吃。当我发了财时，我要到非洲去。每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
直译+意译法
1. Most of us are too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. 我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风，而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。2. Men are April when they woo, December when they wed, maids are May when they maids, but the sky changes when they are wives. (Shakespeare) 男人求爱时如和煦的4月，婚后却像寒冬腊月；闺中少女则宛若温暖的5月，而为人妇后却像易变的天气阴晴莫测。
常见的修辞格翻译 (1)
他清清楚楚地看见一条丁字街，横在他 眼前。 He saw distinctly the cross-road ahead of him. After that long talk, Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后，吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
权曰：“今听臣言，则西蜀有泰山之安， 不听臣言，则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”
With this faith we will be able to hoe out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. 抱有这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山凿出希望 之石。抱有这个信念，我们就能把我们这个民 族中那些刺耳的噪音变成一部歌颂手足之情的 美妙交响曲。
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻（figure of speech）
比喻无处不在，为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体 （vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻 （simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。
Week13修辞格的翻译
转喻（Metonymy）
转喻就是借与人或事物有关联的事物来指代人或事 物。根据上下文，既可以直译，也可以意译。 7.穿蓝衣服的笑着—但穿灰衣服的大鼻子仍然凝视 着。 Blue Suit grinned—but Big Nose in the grey still stared. 8.He chose the gun instead of the cap and gown. 他放弃了上大学的机会，参军了。 Gun代指军队，cap（学士帽）和 gown (学士服)代 指大学。
为了让兄弟们的肩头担起整个大地摇醒千万个太阳江河从这里开始?sothatbrothersshoulders?sothatbrothersshouldersmaylifttheeartharousemillionsofsuns庞秉钧闵福德高尔登编译中国现代诗一百首?由于中西方文化传统语言表达习惯不同有时候译文读者也许不能理解或接受原文的夸张这时候不妨采用意译法
13.为了让兄弟们的肩头 担起整个大地，摇醒千万个太阳 （江河，《从这里开始》） So that brothers’ shoulders May lift the earth, arouse millions of suns (庞秉钧，闵福德，高尔登编译，《中国 现代诗一百首》)
由于中西方文化传统、语言表达习惯不同， 有时候译文读者也许不能理解或接受原文 的夸张，这时候不妨采用意译法。例如： 14.妈妈对小明说：“下次你再不及格， 看我不拧断你的脖子！” Mother said to Xiao Ming, “If you should fail again, I would surely teach you a lesson.”
修辞格的翻译word版
第8课修辞格的翻译Contents：相同点:分类和使用不同点：语言环境、美学观念不同,用不同修辞格表达同一概念，to eat like a horse, to work like a horse辞格分类：音韵修辞格结构修辞格语义修辞格辞格翻译分为三类：可译：同一辞格不可译:（涉及到不同文字字形结构或音韵）另辟奇径难译：转换辞格，意译原则:使原文音形义的修辞效果尽可能完美地传达出来翻译方法：直译意译 (转换修辞格转换喻体引申词义增加用词) 弥补classification:音韵修辞格：（Phonetic Stylistic Devices）alliteration头韵， onomatopoeia拟声，assonance， rhyme脚韵结构/句法修辞格：（Syntactical Stylistic Devices）repetition反复， chiasmus回文， parallelism排比, antithesis对偶, question and answer 设问，rhetoric question反问, anastrophe倒装语义修辞格:(Lexical Stylistic Devices）metaphor暗喻, simile明喻， metonymy转喻， personification拟人， irony反语， hyperbole 夸张， understatement缩小， allusion典故, euphemism讳饰， contrast, paradox/oxymoron精警， transferred epithet移就, pun双关, zeugma拈连， parody仿拟1.音韵修辞格：（Phonetic Rhetorical Devices)alliteration头韵，onomatopoeia拟声rhyme脚韵1. 1 Alliteration （头韵）It refers to the appearance of the same initial consonant sound in two or more words， such as “proud as a peacock" and “blind as a ba t".Alliteration is often used in poetry to give emphasis to words that are related in meaning：Wherefore feed， and clothe, and save,From the cradle to the grave，Those ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat—nay, drink your blood？-Percy Bysshe ShellyAlliteration is sometimes used in prose for the same effect-to join two or more related words:I see also the dull， drilled， docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on likea swarm of crawling locusts.The Russian danger is therefore our danger，…just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe.-—--—-from Winston Churchill's speech on Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941。
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第8课修辞格的翻译Contents:相同点：分类和使用不同点：语言环境、美学观念不同，用不同修辞格表达同一概念，to eat like a horse, to work like a horse辞格分类：音韵修辞格结构修辞格语义修辞格辞格翻译分为三类：可译：同一辞格不可译：（涉及到不同文字字形结构或音韵）另辟奇径难译：转换辞格，意译原则：使原文音形义的修辞效果尽可能完美地传达出来翻译方法：直译意译(转换修辞格转换喻体引申词义增加用词) 弥补classification:音韵修辞格：(Phonetic Stylistic Devices)alliteration头韵, onomatopoeia拟声，assonance, rhyme脚韵结构/句法修辞格：(Syntactical Stylistic Devices)repetition反复, chiasmus回文, parallelism排比, antithesis对偶, question and answer 设问，rhetoric question 反问, anastrophe倒装语义修辞格：(Lexical Stylistic Devices)metaphor暗喻, simile明喻, metonymy转喻, personification拟人, irony反语, hyperbole夸张, understatement缩小, allusion典故, euphemism讳饰, contrast, paradox/oxymoron精警, transferred epithet移就, pun双关, zeugma拈连, parody仿拟1.音韵修辞格：(Phonetic Rhetorical Devices)alliteration头韵,onomatopoeia拟声rhyme脚韵1. 1 Alliteration （头韵）It refers to the appearance of the same initial consonant sound in two or more words, such as “proud as a peacock” and “blind as a bat”.Alliteration is often used in poetry to give emphasis to words that are related in meaning:Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save,From the cradle to the grave,Those ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat—nay, drink your blood?—Percy Bysshe ShellyAlliteration is sometimes used in prose for the same effect—to join two or more related words:I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.The Russian danger is therefore our danger, …just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe.------from Winston Churchill’s speech on Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941.翻译：增加用词Then Lieutenant Grub launched the old recruiting routine．See，save and serve!于是．格拉布上尉开始说起招兵的老一套了：见见世面，攒点钱，为国家出点力!此例主要修辞手法是Alliteration(头韵)。
See, save and serve在用作不及物动词时。
宾语实际上隐含在动词后面．译成汉语时需要把它表达出来。
因此译文中分别增加了世面、钱、国家三个词。
1.2 RhymeWhen the cat's away, the mice will play.猫儿不在，鼠儿作怪。
秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还。
The age-old moon still shines o'er the ancient Great Wall,But our frontier guardsmen have not come back at all.饭来张口，衣来伸手have only to open one's mouth to be fedand hold out one's hands to be dressed----- lead an easy life1.3 onomatopeia (拟声）A hammering clatter of hoofs beating the hard road.“得、得、得”，坚硬的路面上响着接连不断的马蹄声。
White jagged lightning, followed by the brazen clash and deep rumble of thunder.”天空中闪过一道成V形的白色闪电，紧接着传来一声霹雳，然后是深沉的隆隆雷声。
把人或动物发出的声音如实加以描摹的修辞方法称为拟声。
汉英都有拟声，但是区别较大。
一些英语动词和名词融音义于一体，本身就具备拟声的特点；而汉语则采用直接描摹声音的拟声词。
2. 结构修辞格：(Syntactical RhetoricalDevices) repetition反复parallelism排比antithesis对偶question and answer 设问rhetoric question反问anastrophe倒装apostrophe 呼告2.1 反复(Repetition）根据表达的需要，重复使用同一语句或词语的修辞手法叫反复。
可以突出感情，分清层次，增添旋律美，加强节奏感。
April, April, Laugh thy girlish laughter. (W. Watson)四月呀四月，笑吧，姑娘般地笑吧。
A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes.一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注视着他们。
It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silence of bee and flower and ocean and land.绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，这日子是如此清新可爱。
密封无言，春花不语，海涛声咽，大地音沉，这日子是如此安详。
连用四字格和连词2.2 排比（parallelism ）排比就是连续使用三个或三个以上结构相同或相似的句子或词组，起到增强语言的感染力和气势的效果。
直译保留原文排比的感染力和气势，译文一般采取排比的形式。
1) V oltaire waged the splendid kind of warfare. The war of thought against matter, the war of reason against prejudice,the war of the just against the unjust.2) He conquered violence by a smile, despotism by sarcasm, infallibility by irony, obstinacy by perseverance, ignoranceby truth.3) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.4) Doubt thou the stars are fire;Doubt that the sun doth move;Doubt truth to be a liar;But never doubt I love.5）我不相信天是蓝的；我不相信雷的回声；我不相信梦是假的；我不相信死无报应。
2.3对偶（Antithesis）对偶要求上下两句在结构上相同或相似，字数相等或基本相等。
Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen;Duty, faith, love, are roots, and ever green.(from a sonnet by George Peele)美貌、体力、年轻，就像花朵，终将衰尽；义务、信念、爱情，就像树根，万古长青。
樱花红陌上，柳叶绿池边。
（《周恩来诗选<春日偶成>》The pathways red with cherry blossoms;The lakeside green with willow leaves.2.4 设问（question and answer)设问就是用自问自答的形式来达到增强语气、吸引注意力的效果，并可以起到承上启下的作用，常用直译。
例如：1）Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate.2) To what is the increase of population? In part, I suppose, to a general increase in prosperity.3) 既然小李已经向他道歉，他应该怎么做呢？当然是原谅小李了。
2.5 反问（rhetorical question ）反问指有意提出不答自明的问题，以达到加强预期的效果，通常直译。
例如：1) It is possible to run a primitive society without a penal code; why not a cultured society?2) Can't you just leave me alone?3) 你的心过去是苦的，你怎么能闻到红叶的香味？4）谁愿意和手上有同志鲜血的人握手呢？2.6 Anastrophe 倒装Fine and sunny it was when we started on our way. 我们动身那天，天气晴朗，阳光灿烂。