修辞格的翻译word 版

第8课修辞格的翻译

Contents:

相同点：分类和使用

不同点：语言环境、美学观念不同，用不同修辞格表达同一概念，to eat like a horse, to work like a horse

辞格分类：音韵修辞格结构修辞格语义修辞格

辞格翻译分为三类：

可译：同一辞格

不可译：（涉及到不同文字字形结构或音韵）另辟奇径

难译：转换辞格，意译

原则：使原文音形义的修辞效果尽可能完美地传达出来

翻译方法：

直译意译(转换修辞格转换喻体引申词义增加用词) 弥补

classification:

音韵修辞格：(Phonetic Stylistic Devices)

alliteration头韵, onomatopoeia拟声，assonance, rhyme脚韵

结构/句法修辞格：(Syntactical Stylistic Devices)

repetition反复, chiasmus回文, parallelism排比, antithesis对偶, question and answer 设问，rhetoric question 反问, anastrophe倒装

语义修辞格：(Lexical Stylistic Devices)

metaphor暗喻, simile明喻, metonymy转喻, personification拟人, irony反语, hyperbole夸张, understatement缩小, allusion典故, euphemism讳饰, contrast, paradox/oxymoron精警, transferred epithet移就, pun双关, zeugma拈连, parody仿拟

1.音韵修辞格：(Phonetic Rhetorical Devices)

alliteration头韵,

onomatopoeia拟声

rhyme脚韵

1. 1 Alliteration （头韵）

It refers to the appearance of the same initial consonant sound in two or more words, such as “proud as a peacock” and “blind as a bat”.

Alliteration is often used in poetry to give emphasis to words that are related in meaning:

Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save,

From the cradle to the grave,

Those ungrateful drones who would

Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood?

—Percy Bysshe Shelly

Alliteration is sometimes used in prose for the same effect—to join two or more related words:

I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.

The Russian danger is therefore our danger, …just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe.

------from Winston Churchill’s speech on Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941.

翻译：增加用词

Then Lieutenant Grub launched the old recruiting routine．See，save and serve!

于是．格拉布上尉开始说起招兵的老一套了：见见世面，攒点钱，为国家出点力!

此例主要修辞手法是Alliteration(头韵)。

See, save and serve在用作不及物动词时。宾语实际上隐含在动词后面．译成汉语时需要把它表达出来。因此译

文中分别增加了世面、钱、国家三个词。

1.2 Rhyme

When the cat's away, the mice will play.

猫儿不在，鼠儿作怪。

秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还。

The age-old moon still shines o'er the ancient Great Wall,

But our frontier guardsmen have not come back at all.

饭来张口，衣来伸手

have only to open one's mouth to be fed

and hold out one's hands to be dressed

----- lead an easy life

1.3 onomatopeia (拟声）

A hammering clatter of hoofs beating the hard road.

“得、得、得”，坚硬的路面上响着接连不断的马蹄声。

White jagged lightning, followed by the brazen clash and deep rumble of thunder.”

天空中闪过一道成V形的白色闪电，紧接着传来一声霹雳，然后是深沉的隆隆雷声。

把人或动物发出的声音如实加以描摹的修辞方法称为拟声。汉英都有拟声，但是区别较大。一些英语动词和名词融音义于一体，本身就具备拟声的特点；而汉语则采用直接描摹声音的拟声词。

2. 结构修辞格：(Syntactical RhetoricalDevices) repetition反复

parallelism排比

antithesis对偶

question and answer 设问

rhetoric question反问

anastrophe倒装

apostrophe 呼告

2.1 反复(Repetition）

根据表达的需要，重复使用同一语句或词语的修辞手法叫反复。可以突出感情，分清层次，增添旋律美，加强节奏感。

April, April, Laugh thy girlish laughter. (W. Watson)

四月呀四月，

笑吧，姑娘般地笑吧。

A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes.

一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注视着他们。

It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silence of bee and flower and ocean and land.

绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，这日子是如此清新可爱。密封无言，春花不语，海涛声咽，大地音沉，这日子是如此安详。

连用四字格和连词

2.2 排比（parallelism ）

排比就是连续使用三个或三个以上结构相同或相似的句子或词组，起到增强语言的感染力和气势的效果。

直译保留原文排比的感染力和气势，译文一般采取排比的形式。

1) V oltaire waged the splendid kind of warfare. The war of thought against matter, the war of reason against prejudice,

the war of the just against the unjust.

2) He conquered violence by a smile, despotism by sarcasm, infallibility by irony, obstinacy by perseverance, ignorance

by truth.

3) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.