细胞、组织与器官英文课件
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• Proteins, which include the enzymes, some hormones, and structural materials.
• Carbohydrates, which include sugars and starches. The main carbohydrate is the sugar glucose, which circulates in the blood to provide energy for the cells.
Providing the energy for metabolic reactions is the chemical ATP (adenosine triphosphate), commonly described as the energy compound of the cell.
The main categories of organic compounds of the cell are:
Genes control the formation of enzymes, the catalysts needed for metabolic reactions. To help manufacture enzymes, the cells use a compound called RNA (ribonucleic acid), which is chemically related to DNA.
➢ When a body cell divides, by the process of mitosis, the chromosomes are doubled and then equally distributed to the two daughter cells, which is shown as below:
CellBiblioteka Baidu, Tissues, and Organs 细胞 组织与器官
The Cell
The body can be studied from its simplest to its most complex level, beginning with the cell, the basic unit of living organisms . Cells carry out metabolism, the sum of all of the physical and chemical activities that occur in the body.
The nucleus is the control region of the cell. It contains the chromosomes, which carry genetic information.
Each human cell, except for the sex cells, contains 46 chromosomes. The chromosomes are composed of a complex organic substance, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which is organized into separate units called genes.
• Lipids, which include fats. Some hormones are derived from lipids, and adipose (fat) tissue is designed to store lipids.
Within the cytoplasm that fills the cell are subunits called organelles, each with a specific function. The main cell structures are named and described as below:
➢ Muscle tissue contracts to produce movement. There are three types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal or voluntary muscle moves the skeleton. • Cardiac muscle forms the heart. It functions without conscious control and is described as involuntary. • Smooth, or visceral muscle forms the walls of the abdominal organs; it is also involuntary.
➢ Connective tissue supports and binds body structures. It contains fibers and other nonliving material between the cells. Included are adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood.
➢ Sex cells (egg and sperm) divide by another process (meiosis) that halves the chromosomes in preparation for fertilization.
Tissue
Cells are organized into four basic types of tissues that perform specific functions : ➢ Epithelial tissue covers and protects body structures and lines organs, vessels, and cavities.
• Carbohydrates, which include sugars and starches. The main carbohydrate is the sugar glucose, which circulates in the blood to provide energy for the cells.
Providing the energy for metabolic reactions is the chemical ATP (adenosine triphosphate), commonly described as the energy compound of the cell.
The main categories of organic compounds of the cell are:
Genes control the formation of enzymes, the catalysts needed for metabolic reactions. To help manufacture enzymes, the cells use a compound called RNA (ribonucleic acid), which is chemically related to DNA.
➢ When a body cell divides, by the process of mitosis, the chromosomes are doubled and then equally distributed to the two daughter cells, which is shown as below:
CellBiblioteka Baidu, Tissues, and Organs 细胞 组织与器官
The Cell
The body can be studied from its simplest to its most complex level, beginning with the cell, the basic unit of living organisms . Cells carry out metabolism, the sum of all of the physical and chemical activities that occur in the body.
The nucleus is the control region of the cell. It contains the chromosomes, which carry genetic information.
Each human cell, except for the sex cells, contains 46 chromosomes. The chromosomes are composed of a complex organic substance, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which is organized into separate units called genes.
• Lipids, which include fats. Some hormones are derived from lipids, and adipose (fat) tissue is designed to store lipids.
Within the cytoplasm that fills the cell are subunits called organelles, each with a specific function. The main cell structures are named and described as below:
➢ Muscle tissue contracts to produce movement. There are three types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal or voluntary muscle moves the skeleton. • Cardiac muscle forms the heart. It functions without conscious control and is described as involuntary. • Smooth, or visceral muscle forms the walls of the abdominal organs; it is also involuntary.
➢ Connective tissue supports and binds body structures. It contains fibers and other nonliving material between the cells. Included are adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood.
➢ Sex cells (egg and sperm) divide by another process (meiosis) that halves the chromosomes in preparation for fertilization.
Tissue
Cells are organized into four basic types of tissues that perform specific functions : ➢ Epithelial tissue covers and protects body structures and lines organs, vessels, and cavities.