新人教版版高考一轮复习语法定语从句导学案英语

考点一关系代词who,whom,whose引导的定语从句

１．who指人,在定语从句中作主语。

The little boy who is singing there can recite quite a number of poems.

正在那儿唱歌的那个小男孩能背诵很多首诗。

２．whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,可省略。

The author （whom）you criticized has written a letter in reply.

你批评的那位作者写了一封回信。

３．whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。

Many children,whose parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.很多父母去大城市工作的孩子,在村里得到了很好的照顾。

The building whose roof is red is a post office.

红顶的那幢大楼是邮政局。

考点二关系代词that和which的区别

There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the worlＤ．

世界上对他来说好像没有不可能的事。

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？

你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？

My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.

我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。

What’s that which was put in the car？

被放入车内的是什么？

考点三as和which引导的定语从句

１．as和which都可以在非限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,代表前面的整个句子。

He opposed the idea,as∕which could be expecteＤ．

正如所料,他反对这个想法。

They have invited me to dinner,which∕as is very kind of them.

他们真好,邀请我去参加宴会。

２．位置不同。as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,还可以放在主句之中,位置相当灵活,而which引导的非限制性定语从句,则只能放在主句之后。

As has been said before,grammar is not a set of dead rules.

如前所述,语法并不是一套死板的规定。（不能用which）

As anybody can see,great changes have taken place in the village.

有目共睹的是这个乡村已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。

３．使用的句子结构不同。as作关系代词还可用于the same...as,such...as等结构中,而which作关系代词不能用在上述结构中,但有时可用which引导的从句来改写。如:

Here is such a big stone as no one can lift.

=Here is a big stone which no one can lift.

这是那么大的一块石头,没人能搬得动。

She wears the same kind of clothes as her younger sister.

她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的衣服。

４．表述的意义不同。从句含有贬义色彩时只能用which。如果从句所表达的意义给主句披上一层贬义色彩,非限制性定语从句只能用which来引导,不宜用as来引导。

He married her,which was disgraceful（=shameful）.

他娶了她,这真令人作呕。（不能说:He married her,as was disgraceful.）

考点四“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

１．简单介词+关系代词

在这种结构中,关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which;介词的选择主要是根据与从句中相关的动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配而定;或者根据先行词与从句中动词的关系而定;或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用而定。

Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles？

那是你经常为其写文章的报社吗？（for与the newspaper搭配）

Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I am not sure？

你能给我介绍一下如何使用这些我不确定的习语吗？（about与sure搭配）

１9４9 was the year in which our country was foundeＤ．

我们国家是在１9４9年成立的。（in与the year搭配）

Do you know the man to whom I spoke just now？（to与spoke搭配）

你认识我刚才和他讲话的那个人吗？

２．简单介词+关系代词+名词

Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from whose effects the people are still suffering.上个月东南亚局部受洪水袭击。如今,人们仍在遭受洪水的影响。

３．the+名词+of+关系代词

该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替,非正式文体中可以用“of which the+名词”。The man pulled out a gold watch,the hands of which were made of small diamonds.

那个人拿出一块金表,表的指针是用小钻石做成的。

The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,of which the sailing time was ２２6 days.

这位老水手的这次环球旅行历时9个月,其中有２２6天是航行时间。

４．表示整体或部分的词语+of+关系代词

表示整体或部分的词语常见的有:不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any;数词（含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数）;数词+名词;the+最高级∕比较级,以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,half,a quarter等

The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,most of which are beyond our control.

一种植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响,其中大多数的因素是我们控制不了的。

Last week,only two people came to look at the house,neither of whom wanted to buy it.

上周,只有两个人看房子,而且他俩都不想买。

考点五关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句

１．关系副词when引导的定语从句

先行词是表示时间的名词,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用关系副词when,when在从句中充