对啊网六级君_六级阅读强化讲义
2014年六级冲刺串讲阅读讲义
六级阅读冲刺串讲冲刺指南：1、把握各题型的基本特征与解题方法；2、把握正确答案的特征；3、把握错误答案（干扰项）特征；4、把握题目对应原文出题点的特征。
仔细阅读例一：细节题Low-level slash-and-burn farming doesn't harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that.....We learn from the passage that the traditional view of slash-and-burn farming is that ________. (05-6-11)A. it does no harm to the topsoil of the rainforestB. it destroys rainforest soilsC. it helps improve rainforest soilsD. it diminishes the organic matter in rainforest soils例二：细节题Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.58. What does the author think of the new immigrants?A. They will be a dynamic work force in the U. S.B. They can do just as well as their predecessors.C. They will be very disappointed on the new land.D. They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.例三：细节题Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.......And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. ....58. What was critical to Einstein’s success?A His talent as an accomplished musician.B His independent and abstract thinking.C His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.D His solid foundation in math theory.例四：细节题The highly precise data from the two instruments—which, Bille hopes, will one day be found at the opticians (眼镜商) all over the world—serve as a basis for the production of completely individualized contact lenses that correct and enhance the wearer’s vision.Individualized contact lenses (Line 7, Para. 2) are lenses designed ________. (03-6-38)A. to work like an astronomical telescopeB. to suit the wearer’s specific needsC. to process extremely accurate dataD. to test the wearer’s eyesig ht例五：细节题If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.61. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK's economic growth?A. By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.B. By asking the government to invest in technology transfer research.C. By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.D. By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.细节题总结：1、注意题干的时间词、强调词、主体词2、正确答案一般具有同义词替换，常对原文进行提炼3、错误答案有错词与不错词两种错误4、常考原文转折、因果、强调描述例六：例证题Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. (03-12-33)The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to __.A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of 'human nature'B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evilsC. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of 'human nature'D. support the idea that some human traits are acquiredIt turns out there’s no economic benefit to just having a goal---you ju st get a psychological benefit” Schweitzer says. “But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful.”A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron,where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable.53. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron?(12-6)A. Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success.B. Businesses are less likely to succeed without setting realistic goals.C. Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals.D. Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power.Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Mary's University, ........ That's exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠)they've inherited from Generation X (60 年代后期和70 年代出生的美国人). It's no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinary—if ambitious—young people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.56. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X? (10-6)A. They are politically conservative.B. They reject conventional values.C. They dare to take up challenges.D. They are indifferent to politics.例九：推理题In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U. S. News & World Report, which lie owns. "Our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating, " lamented (哀叹) the 117th-riehest man in America. "Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row. " He noted that "Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy. "62. What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman's lamentation? (07-12)A) Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare.B) The American economic system has caused many companies to go bankrupt.C) The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.D) The majority of Americans benefit little from the nation's growing wealth.例十：主旨题Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth.... This is especially true in agriculture,（首段）To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly .......Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution......All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different .....What is crucial is recognising that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.......（末段）56. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? (08-12)A. To remind people of the need of sustainable development.B. To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.C. To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.D. To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.例十一：主旨题And it's all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U.S. needs to save more. ......Why does the U.S. need to learn a little frugality (节俭)？Because.......The U.S. government thus needs to act as well. By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more. ............ If Americans saved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldn’t have to worry about all that.61. What is the author's purpose of writing the passage? (12-12)A) To urge the American government to cut deficits.B) To encourage Chinese people to spend more.C) To tell Americans not to worry about their economy.D) To promote understanding between China and America.例十二：态度题...... Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand. That's why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.55. How might people feel after letting go of something they held?A) A sense of disappointment C) A subtle loss of interestB) More motivated to own it. D) Less sensitive to its texture.作者态度题不选词：subjective puzzled confusedindifferent biased prejudiceddetached neutral pessimistic非细节题总结：1、例证题要往例子上面看；2、推理题解题不脱离原文；3、主旨题重点看各段首句；4、态度题分清作者和他人。
六级考前押睛点题班--阅读讲义
新浪微博@尹延@名师天团四六级阅读讲师优化六级的考试流程14:40—15:00 考生入场15:00—15:10 发答题卡I、II和试卷册15:10—15:40 作文15:40—16:10 听力16:10—16:15 收答题卡I（作文+听力）16:15—17:25 选词填空（5%）匹配题（10%）仔细阅读（20%）翻译（15%）优化阅读的做题流程一．扫读题干1’二．处理文章4’三．对比做答4-7’经典例文分析Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you'll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women – the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country.It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly, this apparent diversity is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future.Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmes recruit their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school's picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach – arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters.Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context.Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management – at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative management models, such as those prevalent in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.57. What characterises the business school student population of today?A) Greater diversity. B) Intellectual maturity.C) Exceptional diligence. D) Higher ambition.58. What is the author's concern about current business school education?A) It will arouse students' unrealistic expectations.B) It will produce business leaders of a uniform style.C) It focuses on theory rather than on practical skills.D) It stresses competition rather than cooperation.59. What aspect of diversity does Valerie Gauthier think is most important?A)Age and educational background. B) Social and professional experience.C) Attitude and approach to business. D) Ethnic origin and gender.60. What applicants does the author think MBA programmes should consider recruiting?A) Applicants with prior experience in business companies.B) Applicants with sound knowledge in math and statistics.C) Applicants from outside the traditional sectors.D) Applicants from less developed regions and areas.61. What does Mannaz say about the current management style?A) It is eradicating the tough aspects of management.B) It encourages male and female executives to work side by side.C) It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model.D) It is shifting towards more collaborative modelsPassage Two Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers witha little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers –meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal (财政的) burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected –say, low-skilled workers, or California residents –the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it.52.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A) Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.B) The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it's a different story.C) The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.D) The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.53.In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?A) They can access all kinds of public services. B) They can get consumer goods at lower prices.C) They can mix with people of different cultures. D) They can avoid doing much of the manual labor.54.Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?A) They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.B)They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts.C)They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.D) They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills.55.What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?A) It may change the existing social structure.B)It may pose a threat to their economic status.C)It may lead to social instability in the country.D) It may place a great strain on the state budget.56. What is the irony about the debate over immigration?A) Even economists can't reach a consensus about its impact.B) Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.C) People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.D) There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions.匹配题The Uses of DifficultyThe brain likes a challenge — and putting a few obstacles in its way may well boost its creativity.[A] Jack White, the former frontman of the White Stripes and an influential figure among fellow musicians, likes to make things difficult for himself. He uses cheap guitars that won’t stay in shape or in tune. When performing, he positions his instruments in a way that is deliberately inconvenient, so that switching from guitar to organ mid-song involves a mad dash across the stage. Why? Because he’s on the run from what he describes as a disease that preys on every artist: “ease of use”. When making music gets too easy, says White, it becomes harder to make it sing.[B] It’s an odd thought. Why would anyone make their work more difficult than it already is? Yet we know that difficulty can pay unexpected dividends. In 1966, soon after the Beatles had finished work on “Rubber Soul”, Paul McCar tney looked into the possibility of going to America to record their next album. The equipment in American studios was more advanced than anything in Britain, which had led the Beatles’s great rivals, the Rolling Stones, to make their latest album, “Aftermath” in Los Angeles. McCart ney found that EMI’s (百代唱片) contractual clauses made it prohibitively expensive to follow suit, and the Beatles had to make do with the primitive technology of Abbey Road.[C] Lucky for us. Over the next two years they made their most groundbreaking work, turning the recording studio into a magical instrument of its own. Precisely because they were working with old-fashioned machines, George Martin and his team of engineers were forced to apply every ounce of their creativity to solve the problems posed to them by Lennon and McCartney. Songs like “Tomorrow Never Knows”, “Strawberry Fields Forever”, and “A Day in the Life” featured revolutionary sound effects that dazzled and mystified Martin’s American counterparts.[D] Sometimes i t’s only when a difficulty is removed that we realise that it was doing for us. For more than two decades, starting in the 1960s, the poet Ted Hughes sat on the judging panel of an annual poetry competition for British schoolchildren. During the 1980s he noticed an increasing number of long poems among the submissions, with some running to 70 or 80 pages. These poems were verbally inventive and fluent, but also “strangely boring”. After making inquiries Hughes discovered that they were being composed on computers, then just finding their way into British homes.[E] You might have thought any tool which enables a writer to get words on to the page would be an advantage. But there may be a cost to such facility. In an interview with the Paris Review Hughes speculatedthat when a person puts pen to paper, “you meet the terrible resistance of what happened your first year at it, when you couldn’t write at all”. As the brain attempts to force the unsteady hand to do its bidding, the tension between the two results in a more compressed, psychologically denser expression. Remove that resistance and you are more likely to produce a 70-page ramble (不着边际的长篇大论).[F] Our brains respond better to difficulty than we imagine. In schools, teachers and pupils alike often assume that if a concept has been easy to learn, then the lesson has been successful. But numerous studies have now found that when classroom material is made harder to absorb, pupils retain more of it over the long term, and understand it on a deeper level.[G] As a poet, Ted Hughes had an acute sensitivity to the way in which constraints on self-expression, like the disciplines of metre and rhyme (韵律)，spur creative thought. What applies to poets and musicians also applies to our daily lives. We tend to equate (等同) happiness with freedom, but, as the psychotherapist and writer Adam Phillips has observed, without obstacles to our desires it’s harder to know what we want, or where we’re heading. He tells the story of a patient, a first-time mother who complained that her young son was always clinging to her, wrapping himself around her legs wherever she went. She never had a moment to herself, she said, because her son was “always in the way”. When Phillips asked her where she would go if he wasn’t in the way, she replied cheerfully, “Oh, I wouldn’t know where I was!”[H] Take another common obstacle: lack of money. People often assume that more money will make them happier. But economists who study the relationship between money and happiness have consistently found that, above a certain income, the two do not reliably correlate. Despite the ease with which the rich can acquire almost anything they desire, they are just as likely to be unhappy as the middle classes. In this regard at least, F. Scott Fitzgerald was wrong.[I] Indeed, ease of acquisition is the problem. The novelist Edward St Aubyn has a narrator remark of the very rich that, “not having to consider affordability, their desires rambled on like unstoppable bores, relentless (持续不断的) and whimsical (反复无常的) at th e same time.” When Boston College, a private research university, wanted a better feel for its potential donors, it asked the psychologist Robert Kenny to investigate the mindset of the super-rich. He surveyed 165 households, most of which had a net worth of $25m or more. He found that many of his subjects were confused by the infinite options their money presented them with. They found it hard to know what to want, creating a kind of existential bafflement. One of them put it like this: “You know, Bob, you can just buy so much stuff, and when you get to the point where you can just buy so much stuff, now what are you going to do?”[J] The internet makes information billionaires out of all of us, and the architects of our online experiences are catchin g on to the need to make things creatively difficult. Twitter’s huge success is rooted in the simple but profound insight that in a medium with infinite space for self-expression, the most interesting thing we can do is restrict ourselves to 140 characters. The music service This Is My Jam helps people navigate the tens of millions of tracks now available instantly via Spotify and iTunes. Users pick their favourite song of the week to share with others. They only get to choose one. The service was only launched this year, but by the end of September 650,000 jams had been chosen. Its co-founder Matt Ogle explains its raisond’être (存在的理由) l ike this: “In an age of endless choice, we were missing a way to say: ‘This. This is the one you should listen to.”[K] To day’s world offers more opportunity than ever to follow the advice of the Walker Brothers and make it easy on ourselves. Compared with a hundred years ago, our lives are less tightly bound by social norms and physical constraints. Technology has cut out mu ch of life’s donkeywork, and we have more freedoms than ever: we can wear what we like and communicate with hundreds of friends at once at the click of a mouse. Obstacles are everywhere disappearing. Few of us wish to turn the clock back, but perhaps we need to remind ourselves how useful the right obstacles can be. Sometimes, the best route to fulfillment is the path of more resistance.46. The rigorous requirements placed on the writing of poetry stimulate the poet’s creativity.47. With creativity, even old-fashioned instruments may produce spectacular sound effects.48. More money does not necessarily bring greater happiness.49. It is a false assumption that lessons should be made easier to learn.50. Obstacles deliberately placed in the creation of music contribute to its success.51. Those who enjoy total freedom may not find themselves happy.52. Ted Hughes discovered many long poems submitted for poetry competition were composed on computers.53. Maybe we need to bear in mind that the right obstacles help lead us to greater achievements.54. An investigation found that many of the super-rich were baffled by the infinite choices their money made available.55. One free social networking website turned out to be successful because it limited each posting to one hundred and forty characters.选词填空Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Some performance evaluations require supervisors to take action. Employees who receive a very favorable evaluation may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion. If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their 36 and reduce their effort or search for a new job at a firm that will 37 them for high performance. Supervisors should acknowledge high performance so that the employee will continue to perform well in the future.Employees who receive unfavorable evaluations must also be given attention. Supervisors must 38 the reasons for poor performance. Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporary adverse 39 on performance and can be corrected. Other reasons, such as a bad attitude, may not be temporary. When supervisors give employees an unfavorable evaluation, they must decide whether to take any 40 actions. If the employees were unaware of their own deficiencies, the unfavorable evaluation can pinpoint (指出) the deficiencies that employees must correct. In this case, the supervisor may simply need to monitor the employees 41 and ensure that the deficiencies are corrected.If the employees were already aware of their deficiencies before the evaluation period, however, they may be unable or unwilling to correct them. This situation is more serious, and the supervisor may need to take action. The action should be 42 with the firm’s guidelines and may include reassigning the employees to new jobs, 43 them temporarily, or firing them. A supervisor’s action toward a poorly performing worker can 44 the attitudes of other employees. If no 45 is imposed on an employee for poor performance, other employees may react by reducing their productivity as well.用单纯与忍耐迎接自己的幸福。
2020年6月六级专项精讲听力讲义(学生版)
强化听力第一章总论1.对词汇的敏感是英语学习的关键，对词汇与句型的敏感是听力和口语的核心。
2.六级听力题型介绍Section A长对话Directions：In this section，you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation，you will hear some questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.笔记：Section B短文听力Directions：In this section，you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.笔记：Section C讲座听力（重点）Directions：In this section，you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions.The recordings will be played only once.笔记：3.六级听力总策略第二章讲座听力题型详解第一讲讲座听力题型介绍（大纲样题）Now listen to the following recording and answer questions16to19.1.A）They investigate the retirement homes in America.B）They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.C）They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.D）They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.（通过17/18/19猜测本题答案）2.A）The loss of the ability to take care of himself.B）The feeling of not being important any more.C）Being unable to find a good retirement home.D）Leaving the home he had lived in for60years.（看原文回顾分析）3.A）The loss of identity and self-worth.B）Fear of being replaced or discarded.C）Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.D）The possession of wealth and high respect.（研究所有选项可以排除其中两个选项）4.A）The urgency of pension reform.B）Medical care for senior citizens.C）Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.D）The development of public facilities for senior citizens.（一起回顾最后一段：最后即所得）Moderator：Hello Ladies and Gentleman，it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session，Dr.Howard ler，Professor of Sociology at Washington University，has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past15years.ler：Thank you for that introduction.Today，I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together.Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties，they were faced with the reality of no longerbeing able to adequately care for themselves.My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear，that of leaving the only home they had known for the past60years.（最后即所得原则）Fighting back the tears，he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up，and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process.The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence，and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them.It was，in my grandfather’s own words，like having a limb cut off.He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.For them and some older Americans，their so-called“golden years”are at times not so pleasant，for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth.（not only—but also转折后重心原则）In many societies，this self-identity is closely related with our social status，occupation，material possessions，or independence.Furthermore，we often live in societies that value what is“new”or in fashion，and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans.I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming，“Hey，come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!”Unfortunately，the word“old”calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.Now，many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform，medical care，and the development of public facilities for senior citizens.And while these are vital issues that must be addressed，I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned.This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group，and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.First of all，I’d like to talk about...1.What does the introduction say about Dr.Howard Miller’s articles and books?（前言部分也出题）2.What is the greatest fear of ler’s grandfather?3.What does ler say the“golden years”can often mean?4.What is the focus of ler’s speech?第二讲讲座听力实战操练第一篇（音频1）：通过中心去掉部分选项：16.A）because only in this way can they feel much better in their daily lifeB）because by doing this individuals can recognize their personalitiesC）because by doing so they can focus on acknowledging the stressD）because only in this way can they recover from the stress17.A）to get away from a stressful situation and take part in low stress activityB）to pay no attention to our physical needsC）doing body exercise as much as you canD）to learn to relive yourselves of stress from work18.A）catching up with others in workB）doing some manageable tasks at a proper speedC）doing the whole job within one dayD）trying to slow down instead of speeding upThe first thing that most psychologists suggest is to learn to recognize your own stress signals. We all have different types of stress signals，but individuals should monitor themselves for stress signals，so that they can focus on minimizing or acknowledging the stress before it gets out of control.And common early signs for many people include irritability，insomnia，weight loss or even weight gain，smoking，drinking，increases in small errors，all kinds of things that people get which could be an early signal of stress.You can consider ways to protect yourself when you start seeing these signs coming on.So you might decide to withdraw from a stressful situation or reward yourself with equal amounts of low stress activity time.That’s really the first important way to deal with stress appropriately.The second important way to deal with stress is to pay attention to your body’s demands.Most psychologists are finding that a good exercise program，good nutrition，decreases the amount of stress，or the effect of stress on the body or in the mind.And this seems quite apparent because exercise can provide a stress-free environment away from your usual stresses and it keeps your body busy and preoccupied with non-stressful things.OK，the third thing to reduce stress is to make plans and act when appropriate.What is suggested is that rather than wasting energy on worrying，an individual can direct his or her energy to plan the steps and act.And often，just the planning of the action helps to reduce the stress，because it reduces the worrying.And also the results of the plans or action may serve to remove or weaken the original cause of the stress.Please notice that I just now said“when appropriate”.And this next suggestion has to do with that idea of when appropriate.The third suggestion was to make plans and act when appropriate，rather than just sit around and worry.But the fourth plan，or fourth idea，says to learn to accept situations which are out of your control.These two then go hand in hand.You can make plans and act when it’s appropriate，but when it’s not appropriate，or when it’s impossible，the only way is to learn to accept that some things are unchangeable and out of your hands.So，for example，if you are in traffic，lateness caused by traffic is out of your hands.There’s no sense in getting really crazy about that.If you do so，it only increases your stress to waste energy trying to resist what’s inevitable or what can’t be avoided.The last item that psychologistssuggest is to pace your activities.By“pace”，I mean giving yourself some manageable tasks to do at a reasonable speed.That is，you go at a speed that you can handle，break your task into manageable parts，rather than try to deal with the whole task all at once.So，as an example in your lives as students，a whole term paper might feel overwhelming.But if you say to yourself，today I’m going to the library and gather resources，tomorrow，I’m going to read three articles，and so on，you’ll have broken this one large task，that’s writing a term paper，down into many smaller and more manageable tasks.This will certainly reduce your stress.Ok.Having said all these，I want you to remember that the problem is not in the stressful experiences themselves.We all experience stress and stressful events.The problem is in our reactions to these experiences.And each of us has our own limits for stress and our own ways of coping with stress.So long as we have our own appropriate ways，stress or stressful situations can certainly be dealt with.Ok.That’s all for today’s lecture.See you next week.16.Why should individuals monitor themselves for stress signals?（重复居多正确原则）17.What is the first important way to deal with stress properly?（注意同义替换）18.What does the psychologist mean by“pacing the activities”?（所听所得原则）第二篇（音频2）：（201813.51-17.50）Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A）About half of current jobs might be automated.B）The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened.C）The job market is becoming somewhat unpredictable.D）Machine learning would prove disruptive by2013.17.A）They are widely applicable for massive open online courses.B）They are now being used by numerous high school teachers.C）They could read as many as10，000essays in a single minute.D）They could grade high-school essays just like human teacher.18.A）It needs instructions throughout the process.B）It does poorly on frequent，high-volume tasks.C）It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.D）It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.Section C Recording One听力原文：Here is my baby niece Sarah.Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer.By the time Sarah goes to college，the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different.In2013，researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work.[16]They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines.Machine learning is the technology that’s responsible for most of this disruption.It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence.It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do.My company，Kaggle，operates on the cutting edge of machine learning.We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia.This gives us a unique perspective on what machines can do，what they can’t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten.Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early90s. It started with relatively simple tasks.It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications，sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes.Over the past few years，we have made dramatic breakthroughs.Machine learning is now capable of far，far more complex tasks.In2012，Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high-school essays.[17]The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers.Now，given the right data，machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this.A teacher might read10，000essays over a40-year career.A machine can read millions of essays within minutes.We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks，but there are things we can do that machines cannot.Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations.Machines can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before.[18]The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data.But humans don’t.We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we’ve never seen before.16.What did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?17.What do we learn about Kaggle company’s winning programs?18.What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?第三篇（音频3）Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.（注意：当很难听懂时，根据已知中心猜测答案）19.A）The engineering problems with solar power.B）The generation of steam with the latest technology.C）The importance of exploring new energy sources.D）The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20.A）Drive trains with solar energy.B）Upgrade the city’s train facilities.C）Build a new ten-kilometer railway line.D）Cut down the city’s energy consumption.21.A）Build a tank for keeping calcium oxide.B）Find a new material for storing energy.C）Recover super-heated steam.D）Collect carbon dioxide gas.Recording Two听力原文：We’ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy.[19]We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done.So far，our discussions have all been theoretical.Now I have a practical question for you all.Can you run a140，000-kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power?Well，one engineer，Tim Kasselman，believes it’s possible. And his home city of Sacramento，California should see the technology’s first test.As part of the upgrading of its rail yard，Kasselman，who is an inventor and self-proclaimed“steam visionary’’，is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing ten-kilometer line，driving tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars.[20]Kasselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water-filled tubes.This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire.“Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels，”he says，“with the least amount of energy lost.”According to Harry Vallentine，a Canadian engineer who is researching modem steam technology，a special tank measuring2by10metres could store over750kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam，enough to pull a two-cart train for an hour or so.Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water.[21]For example，a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat.When heated，these materials turn from a solid into a liquid，absorbing energy as they change phase.The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required，at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid，releasing its stored energy.Another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material.Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas，leaving calcium oxide.The gas can be stored under pressure in a tank.To recover the energy，the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide.“In theory，’’says Vallentine，“this can create a high enough temperature to generate super-heated steam.”19.What has the speaker previously talked about?20.What is Tim Kasselman trying to do in Sacramento?21.What has a Japanese research team tried to do?第四篇（音频4）Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A）The lack of supervision by both the nation and local government.B）The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad.C）The poor management of day centers and home help services.D）The poor relation between national health and social care services.23.A）It was mainly provided by voluntary services.B）It mainly caters to the need of the privileged.C）It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.D）It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.24.A）Their longer lifespans.B）Fewer home helpers available.C）Their preference for private services.D）More of them suffering serious illness.25.A）They are unable to pay for health services.B）They have long been discriminated against.C）They are vulnerable to illness and diseases.D）They have contributed a great deal to society.Recording Three听力原文：Today’s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.First，people are living longer with a lot more complex needs.[22]Second，they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social care services.Current services originate in two key measures.They are the National Health Service and the 1948National Assistance Act.This required local governments to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.They also provided home and community services including meals，day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services.The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided.It delivered the best health care for all.No such vision guided residential and community care though.[23]The care was substantially provided by voluntary services，which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income.Today，life expectancy has risen from66for a male at birth in1948to around80now.In addition，there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care.This means an unprecedentednumber of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support.Families provide at least as much care as they ever did.Even so，they can rarely without subsidized support address serious personal needs.Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent.From the early1960s，local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible，but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the1970s，a number of measures sought to improve matters.However，at a time of financial crisis，funding diminished and little changed.[24]In the1980s，the government cut spending.Meanwhile，preference for private over public services made management even more difficult.Simultaneously，the number of sick older people ernments emphasized the need to improve services.They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities.Unless you were prepared to pay，they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled.Why has60years of criticism produced so little change?[25]Discrimination against older people has a long history.Additionally，those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.22.What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?23.What does the speaker say about residential and community care?24.What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the1980s?25.What does the speaker say about older people in England?第三章长对话总策略：真题演练第一篇：（音频5：0-3.45秒）Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A）It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.B）It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting.C）It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.D）It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.2.A）Physicists’contribution to humanity.B）Stories about some female physicists.C）Historical evolution of modem physics.D）Women‘s changing attitudes to physics.3.A）By exposing a lot of myths in physics.B）By describing her own life experiences.C）By including lots of fascinating knowledge.D）By telling anecdotes about famous professors.4.A）It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.B）It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.C）It demonstrates how they can become physicists.D）It provides experiments they can do themselves.听力原文：M：Hey，I just read a great book about physics.I think you’d like it.It’s called The Physics of the World.It’s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez.W：Oh，I read that book.It was great.The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics.[1]I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.M：And it’s refreshing to see a strong，curious，clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by man.[2]I think she is to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists.You know，they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the home.W：[3]I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge.For example，in one chapter she exposes a myth that I’ve heard taught by university physics professors.I’ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid.This，she shows，is not true.The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers’process.M：[4]Yeah，I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of“Do It Yourself’experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table，from using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read.W：Yes，I must say this equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes，anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics.1.What does the woman say about the book the man recommended?2.What can we find in the book the man recom-mended?3.How does the author bring her book to life?4.How does the book cultivate readers’interest in physics?真题演练第二篇（音频6：3.45-7分0秒）Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A）He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.B）He does not know what kind of topic to write on.C）He does not understand the professor’s instructions.D）He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6.A）It is too broad.B）It is outdated.C）It is challenging.D）It is interesting.7.A）Biography.B）Nature.C）Photography.D）Beauty.8.A）Improve his cumulative grade.B）Develop his reading ability.C）Stick to the topic assigned.D）List the parameters first.听力原文：M：Hi，professor.I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you’re not too busy.[5] I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.W：Sure，I have quite a few students though.So can you remind me what your topic is?M：The general topic I chose is aesthetics，but that’s as far as I’ve got.I don’t really know where to go from there.W：Yeah，[6]that’s much too large a topic.You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible.Otherwise，you’ll be writing a book.M：Exactly.That’s what I wanted to ask you about.I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics.[7]I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.W：[8]I’m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic.Still，if you’re interested in nature，then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation.We’ve talked about Hume before in class，right?M：Oh，yeah，he’s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from.W：Exactly.I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography.Start from there，but remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment.This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade，so make sure to follow the instructions.If you take a look at his biography，you can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty，specifically，the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.M：Great.Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions，professor.I’ll let you get back to class now.W：If there’s anything else you need，please come see me in my office any time.5.What is the man’s problem?6.What does the professor think of the man’s topic?7.What is the man really more interested in?8.What does the professor say the man has to do?真题练习第四篇（音频7）19.A）A notice by the electricity boardB）Ads promoting electric appliancesC）The description of a thief in disguiseD）A new policy on pensioners’welfare总结：20.A）Speaking with a proper accentB）Wearing an official uniformC）Making friends with themD）Showing them his ID总结：21.A）To be on the alert when being followedB）Not to leave senior citizens alone at homeC）Not to let anyone in without an appointmentD）To watch out for those from the electricity board总结：22.A）She was robbed near the parking lotB）All her money in the bank disappearedC）The pension she had just drawn was stolenD）She was knocked down in the post office总结：19.what does the woman want the man to read in the newspaper?20.How did the man mentioned in the newspaper try to win further trust from the victims?21.what is the warning form the police?22.what does the woman speaker tell us about the old lady第四章短文听力短文总策略：真题演练第一篇（音频8；2018.7分-10分22）Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A）The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.B）The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.C）The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October.D）The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day.10.A）It has created a totally new climate pattern.B）It will pose a serious threat to many species.C）It typically appears about once every ten years.D）It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.11.A）Extinction of Arctic wildlife.B）Ice less summers in the Arctic.C）Emigration of indigenous people.D）Better understanding of ecosystems.During the Arctic winter from October to March，the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus20degrees Celsius.But this year，the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures.[9]On February20，temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degree Celsius and it stayed there for over24hours.Then on February24，the temperature on Greenland’s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius.Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning.[10]Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. They typically appear about once in a decade.However，the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago.This is troubling as climbing Arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop，which could accelerate Arctic warming.Indeed，sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected.Without those masses of cooling sea ice，warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. The air can stay warmer，longer too.This drives additional melting.Overall，earth is warming at a rapid pace.2014through2017rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth.This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people，who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. Previously，climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060，[11]but based on what scientists are seeing now，the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within20years.9.What did climate scientists describe as stunning?10.What does the passage say about the temperature surge in the Arctic?11.What may occur in20years according to scientists’recent observations?真题演练第二篇（音频9.7分-10分22）Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A）A good start.B）A detailed plan.C）A strong determination.D）A scientific approach.13.A）Most people get energized after a sufficient rest.B）Most people tend to have finite source of energy.C）It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.D）It is most important to have confidence in one’s willpower.14.A）They could keep on working longer.B）They could do more challenging tasks.C）They found it easier to focus on work at hand.D）They held more positive attitudes toward life.15.A）They are part of their nature.B）They are subject to change.C）They are related to culture.D）They are beyond control.听力原文：[12]A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through，whether it，s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel.And if you want to increase that willpower，a new study suggests，you just simply have to believe you have it.[13]According to the study，what matters most is what we think about our willpower.If we believe it’s a finite resource，we act that。
Cet6 阅读 ppt课件
bought a new water boiler with a digitally controlled pump, and wrapped
insulation around the pipes. Spending about € 100,000 on these and other
improvements, he slashed his € 90,000 fuel and power bill by € 60,000. As a
题型安排
• 六级和考研的区别： • 考研阅读文章长度是450-500字之间，每篇文章花费的平均时间
是15分钟，而六级每篇阅读文章可能就8-9分钟。六级强调考察 的是速度，考研英语注重考察的是深度和精度。 • 六级和四级的区别： • 整体阅读系统没有太大的本质区别，但是四六级还是有个非常大 的区别，主要体现在两点： • 第一：四级选项中可能含有原文单词。六级选项中一旦带有完整 不变的原文单词，那这个选项成功的概率非常低 • 第二：四级的阅读理解很多直接问的是某段第一句话，六级的有 些题目出现在第一句，也有相当部分出现别的地方。
角度不同去处理文章
Exercise
• 1. What is said to be the best way to conserve energy nowadays?
• [A] Raising efficiently.
• [B] Cutting unnecessary costs.
• [C] Finding alternative resources
cut cost costs at his family-owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the
刘彬四六级vip讲义_阅读、写作30页
形容词后面一般接名词 c. There were some bad _____. （形容词后面一般跟名词，而且此时是复数形式）
介词短语结构： d. without guides or even _____ bookings（介词短语中不能出现谓语动词，此时 bookings
是名词，应该找个形容词性的单词）
make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is
the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from
For both 50-minute scans, the volunteers had a cell phone ___fixed__ to each ear.（have sth done：）
3、注意事项：
1） 2）
3)
2010 年 6 月四级真题
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled
空前、空后都是形容词：并列关系 f. To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation’s largest ______ hunger-relief organization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month.（前后都是形容 词词，中间要填进去的也是形容词）
六#级精品班讲义
CET6综合高分班电子教材教材说明：本电子教材word文档的顺序跟老师的声音完全一样，学员只需顺序来学习即可。
请提前预习、认真学习、及时复习，祝广大学子考试取得成功！一：六级考试几大题型各自的比重安排：1.听力35%2.阅读35%3.写作15%4.改错、完型10%5.翻译5%二：与单词有关的准备六级考试在06年12月底公布的最新大纲中指出：新六级的词汇增加到了5500左右。
其中4500是新四级考试的规定。
（1）单词对六级考试的影响和作用（2）背单词的方法1：边听边背单词法2：词汇书A：选六级词汇书的两个必要条件a：要具备六级考试中5500的词汇量b：词汇书一定要配有朗读的磁带3：准备笔记本三：综合部分题的特点：（改错或完型填空）完型和改错难点：1：做题时间减少如何在四五分内做好题2：考的方面广：单词辨析固定搭配常见语法现象上下文逻辑推理四：改错大纲的要求改错部分要求考生根据对文章的理解，运用语篇、语法和词汇知识辨认文章中出现的语言错误并加以改正。
改错部分的短文长度是250字----280字。
五：七大错：1.平行结构错2.动词错3.连词错4.代词指代错5.语意矛盾错6.词性错7.固定搭配错七：凭借理性认识改错1.在准备改错的过程中，在课下、课后、课间都禁止练习和复习。
2.在考场做改错时，大多数情况下禁止阅读和翻译原文。
八：对英语理性认识的规律和方法1.同样意思的中文和英文的句子区别：语序的差别eg：中文：我早上6：30起床。
英文：I get up at 6:30 in the morning.2.中文、英文的最大区别：中心词至上原则Eg：中国北京海淀区的中关村大街旁边的一栋房子里的一间房间里的一把椅子上的一条虫。
There is a worm on the chair in the room in the big house in ZhongGuan Cun Street in Hai Dian District Bei Jing China3. 一个很长的英文句子，假如各个单词都不认识，该怎么翻译？a：抓住这个英文句子的谓语动词就可以。
六级讲义2 (长篇阅读部分)
商志老师 6级课程讲义 2:商志老师六级课程专用讲义第 2部分：阅读理解之 B 部分长篇阅读（匹配）六级考试中的阅读理解部分需要 40 分钟做完。
共分为 3 部分，共计 248.5 分：Section A 是选词填空，占 35.5分；Section B是匹配题，占 71分；Section C是深度阅读，占 142分。
之前的课上我们已经讲过了选词填空部分（Section A），现在我们先来讲第二部分（Section B），即长篇阅读（匹配题）。
特别提醒：虽然很多同学是考六级，但是其真实水平是：即使过四级也未必过得了--------上次过了四级很大程度上纯属偶然。
再考一次四级，他都未必能过得了了。
对这种考六级的同学来说，必须先做四级题热身，而后才能碰六级的题，不然六级根本搞不动。
具体操作起来，必须先把四级的题先做了，听我的讲解；然后再做六级的题，之后听我对六级题的讲解。
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.6级练习题1 （2016年12月多题多卷之一）Are We in an Innovation Lull?[A]Scan the highlights of this year’s Consumer Electronics Show (CES), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before. Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year—or the year before, even. The booths are still exciting, and the demos are still just as crazy. It’s still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones（无人机）, 3D printers, virtual reality goggles（眼镜）and more “smart” devices than you could ever hope to catalog. Upon reflection, however, it‘s equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before. And it’s hard not to think: Are we in an innovation lull（间歇期）?[B]In some ways, the answer is yes. For years, smartphones, televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation. But now these segmentsare looking at slower growth curves—or shrinking markets in some cases—as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies—the drones, 3D printers and smart-home devices of the world—now seem a bit too old to be called “the next big thing.”[C]Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now. “There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come,” said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). In his eyes, however, that doesn’t necessarily mean that innovation has stopped. It has just grown up a little. “Many industries are go ing out of infancy and becoming adolescents,” Shapiro said.[D]For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology haven not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal. Take the evolution of the smart home, for example. Companies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water for the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about. No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along. Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manage everything together. And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault, you probably have less patience for error messages from your door lock.[E]Companies are promoting their own standards, and the market has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very new. Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems. “The dialogue i s changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful,” said economist Shawn DuBravac. DuBravac works for CTA—which puts on the show each year—and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for 2016.[F]“So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and the gadgets,”said John Curran, managing director of research at Accenture. “But over the last couple of years, and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size, the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumer’s life.” Even the technology press conferences, which have been high profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a V egas stage, have a different bent to them. Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor, there is a focus on the practical. Fitbit, for example, released its first smartwatch Monday, selling with a clear purpose—to improve your fitness—and promoting it as a “tool, not a toy.”Not only that, it supports a number of platforms: Apple’s iOS, Google’s Android and Microsoft’s Windows phone.[G]That seems to be what consumers are demanding, after all. Consumers are becoming increasingly bored with what companies have to offer: A survey of 28,000 consumers in 28 countries released by Accenture found consumers are not as excited about technology as theyonce were. For example, when asked whether they would buy a new smartphone this year, only 48 percent said yes—a six-point drop from 2015.[H]And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies need to improve their services. That could be another explanation for why companies seem to be strengthening their talk of the practicality of their devices.[I]Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of “Why do I need that?” —or, perhaps more tellingly, “Why do you need to know that?”—dogs the steps of many new ventures. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example—an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. That's bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets. And the survey found flat demand for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器) and connected home cameras, as well.[J]According to the survey, that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concerns about privacy and security. Even among people who have bought connected devices of some kind, 37 percent said that they are going to be more cautious about using these devices and services in the future. A full 18 percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive information hacked.[K]That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year’s show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas. In addition to a full slate of senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions, this year’s list of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta, to talk about drones.[L]Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. “There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we’re digesting it,” he said. “Technology is becoming bigger and more aspirational, and pervasive in almost every aspect of our lives. We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them.”36.Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devices because they are worried about compatibility problems.37.This year’s e lectronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.38.The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.39.One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both the positive and negative aspects of innovative products.40.The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of electronic devices.41.Fewer innovative products were found at this year’s elect ronic products show.42.Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.43.The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.44.Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.45.The electronic industry is maturing even though no wonder products hit the market.6级练习题2 （2016年12月多题多卷之二）The American Workplace Is Broken. Here’s How We Can Start Fixing It.[A]Americans are working longer and harder hours than ever before. 83% of workers say they’re stressed about their jobs, nearly 50% say work-related stress is interfering with their sleep, and 60% use their smartphones to check in with work outside of normal working hours. No wonder only 13% of employees worldwide feel engaged in their occupation.[B]Glimmers (少许) of hope, however, are beginning to emerge in this bruising environment: Americans are becoming aware of the toll their jobs take on them, and employers are exploring ways to alleviate the harmful effects of stress and overwork. Yet much more work remains to be done. To call stress an epidemic isn’t hyperbole. The 83% of American employees who are stressed about their jobs—up from 73% just a year before—say that poor compensation and an unreasonable workload are their number-one sources of stress. And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you’re right. Stress levels increased 18% for women and 24% for men from 1983 to 2009. Stress is also starting earlier in life, with some data suggesting that today’s teens are even more stressed than adults.[C]Stress is taking a significant toll on our health, and the collective public health cost may be enormous. Occupational stress increases the risk of heart attack and diabetes, accelerates the aging process, decreases longevity, and contributes to depression and anxiety, among numerous other negative health outcomes. Overall, stress-related health problems account for up to 90% of hospital visits, many of them preventable. Your job is “literally killing you,” as the Washington Post put it. It’s also hurting our relationships. Working parents say they feel stressed, tired, rushed and short on quality time with their children, friends and partners.[D]Seven in 10 workers say they struggle to maintain work-life balance. As technology (and with it, work emails) seeps (渗入) into every aspect of our lives, work-life balance has become an almost meaningless term. Add a rapidly changing economy and an uncertain future to this 24/7 connectivity, and you’ve got a recipe for overwork, according to Phyllis Moen.“There’s risingwork demand coupled with the insecurity of mergers, takeovers, downsizing and other factors,” Moen said. “Part of the work-life issue has to talk about uncertainty about the future.”[E]These factors have converged to create an increasingly impossible situation with many employees overworking to the point of burnout. It’s not only unsustainable for workers, b ut also for the companies that employ them. Science has shown a clear correlation between high stress levels in workers and absenteeism (矿工), reduced productivity, disengagement and high turnover. Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most.[F]The U.S. trails far behind every wealthy nation and many developing ones that have family-friendly work policies including paid parental leave, paid sick days and breast-feeding support, according to a 2007 study. The U.S. is also the only advanced economy that does not guarantee workers paid vacation time, and it’s one of only two countries in the world that d oes not offer guaranteed paid maternity leave. But even when employees are given paid time off, workplace norms and expectations that pressure them to overwork often prevent them from taking it. Full-time employees who do have paid vacation days only use half of them on average.[G]Our modern workplaces also operate based on outdated time constraints. The practice of clocking in for an eight-hour workday is a leftover from the days of the Industrial Revolution, as reflected in the then-popular saying, “Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest.”[H]W e’ve held on to this workday structure—but thanks to our digital devices, many employees never really clock out. Today, the average American spends 8.8 hours at work daily, and the the majority of working professionals spend additional hours checking in with work during evenings, weekends and even vacations. The problem isn’t the technology itself, but that t he technology is being used to create more flexibility for the employer rather than the employee. In a competitive work environment, employers are able to use technology to demand more from their employees rather than motivating workers with flexibility that benefits them.[I]In a study published last year, psychologists coined the term “workplace telepressure” to describe an employee’s urge to immediately respond to emails and engage in obsessive thoughts about returning an email to one’s boss, colleagues or clients. The researchers found that telepressure is a major cause of stress at work, which over time contributes to physical and mental burnout. Of the 300 employees participating in the study, those who experienced high levels of telepressure were more likely to agree with statements assessing burnout, like “I have no energy for going to work in the morning,” and to report feeling fatigued and unfocused. Telepres sure was also correlated with sleeping poorly and missing work.[J]Harvard Business School professor Leslie Perlow explains that when people feel the pressure to be always “on,” they find ways to accommodate that pressure, including altering their schedules, work habits and interactions with family and friends. Perlow calls this vicious cycle the “cycle of responsiveness”: Once bosses and colleagues experience an employee’s increased responsiveness, they increase their demands on the employee’s time. And because a failure to accept theseincreased demands indicates a lack of commitment to one’s work, the employee complies.[K]To address skyrocketing employee stress levels, many companies have implemented workplace wellness programs, partnering with health care providers that have created programs to promote employee health and well-being. Some research does suggest that these programs hold promise. A study of employees at health insurance provider Aetna revealed that the roughly one quarter of those taking in-office yoga and mindfulness classes reported a 28% reduction in their stress levels and a 20% improvement in sleep quality. These less-stressed workers gained an average of 62 minutes per week of productivity. While yoga and meditation （静思）are scientifically proven to reduce stress levels, these programs do little to target the root causes of burnout and disengagement. The conditions creating the stress are long hours, unrealistic demands and deadlines, and work-life conflict.[L]Moen and her colleagues may have found the solution. In a 2011 study funded, she investigated the effects of implementing a Results Only Work Environment (ROWE) on the productivity and well-being of employees at Best Buy’s corporate headquarters.[M]For the study, 325 employees spent six months taking part in ROWE, while a control group of 334 employees continued with their normal workflow. The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked—the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done. The results were striking. After six months, the employees who participated in ROWE reported reduced work-family conflict and a better sense of control of their time, and they were getting a full hour of extra sleep each night. The employees were less likely to leave their jobs, resulting in reduced turnover. It’s important to note that the increased flexibility didn’t encourage them to work around the clock. “They didn’t work anywhere and all the time—they were better ab le to manage their work,” Moen said. “Flexibility and control is key,” she continued.36.Workplace norms pressure employees to overwork, deterring them from taking paid time off.37.The overwhelming majority of employees attribute their stress mainly to low pay and an excessive workload.38.According to Moen, flexibility gives employees better control over their work and time.39.Flexibility resulting from the use of digital devices benefits employers instead of employees.40.Research finds that if employees suffer from high stress, they will be less motivated, less productive and more likely to quit.41.In-office wellness programs may help reduce stress levels, but they are hardly an ultimate solution to the problem.42.Health problems caused by stress in the workplace result in huge public health expenses.43.If employees respond quickly to their job assignments, the employers is likely to demand more from them.44.With technology everywhere in our life, it has become virtually impossible for most workers to keep a balance between work and life.45.In America today, even teenagers suffer from stress, and their problem is even more serious than grown-ups’.6级练习题3 （2016年12月多题多卷之三）Countries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica[A]On a glacier-filled island with fjords(峡湾)and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica’s first Orthodox church on a bill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile. Chinese laborers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vita l part of China’s plan to operate five basses on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India’s futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stills(桩子)using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.[B]More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining . But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire, but also for the strategic and commercial that already exist.[C]The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life. South Korea, which operates state-of–the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill(磷虾)，found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries here.[D]Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs form Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.[E]Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System(GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.[F]Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of L ake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. “You can see that we’re here to stay,” said Vladimir Cheberdak, 57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.[G]Antarctica’s mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-term prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted(令人垂诞的)reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite(金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.[H]Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardize offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctic’s remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger the Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.[I]But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica’s treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George lsland offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain. Australia and New Zealand.[J]Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet’s driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one the planet’s coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research. But they also acknowledge that concerns about “resource security” influence their moves.[K]China’s newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George lsland makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. ”We do weather monitoring here and other research.” Ning Xu, 53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard(暴风雪) in late November. The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter. Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China’s Antarctic operations since the 1980s “We now feel equipped to grow,” he said.[L]As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere’s summer, including those at the Amundsen Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers the Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.[M]Scholars warn that Antarctica’s political drif t could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent’s treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting(拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.[N]Some countries have had a hard time here, Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough. a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile’s air base here since it crash-landed in 2014.[O]However, Brazil’s stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.[P]Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia’s help, Belarus is preparing to build this first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.[Q]“The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European. Australasian and North American states are over.” Said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of L ondon who specialises in Antarctica. “The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested.”36.According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.37.Efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia’s obstruction.38.With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America’s dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39.According to geo logists’ estimates. Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40.It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41.The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica’s treati es before their expiration.42.Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.43.Antarctica’s harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44.With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.45.American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.6级练习题4 （2016年6月多题多卷之一）Can societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economi es are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.” That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie (环保主义者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.[B]A surp rising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium (千年的) Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,” read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word “environment” has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end。
英语六级阅读理解强化练习附参考答案
英语六级阅读理解强化练习附参考答案六级阅读理解强化练习1：Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except “ Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before Ill buy.” The owner says, “ Its been like that for years.” Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: “ I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great dealmore than the frequency of the behavior. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a serials of charges like “Youre dumb,”“Youre lazy,” and “Youre dishonest,” may also say “No!” and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And youre good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has been nice to have you over,” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.1.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if ___.A.they use proper words to carry their ideas.B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.C.they try to understand each others ideas beyond words.D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words.2.“Im letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means___.A.Im just calling your attention.B.Im just kidding.C.Im just saying the opposite.D.Im just giving off some sound.3.The house-owners example shows that he actually means___.A.the step has been like that for years.B.he doesnt think it necessary to fix the step.C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.4.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if___.A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.B.seen as ones habitual pattern of behavior.C.taken as part of an ordering sequence.D.expressed to a series of charges.5.The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done___.A.without true intention.B.light-heartedly.C.in a way of ceremony.D.with less emphasis.阅读理解强化练习参考答案：DBABC六级阅读理解强化练习2：We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute, It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC.till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1.Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy?A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality.2.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because___.A.only one in ten persons could live past 40.B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.D.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.3.Which statement is true about population increase?A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.4.The author of the passage intends to___.A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future.pare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.5.The word “demographic” in the first paragraph means___.A.statistics of human.B.surroundings study.C.accumulation of human.D.development of human. 阅读理解强化练习参考答案：ABADA。
六级考试英语强化阅读题带答案
六级考试英语强化阅读题带答案六级考试英语强化阅读题(一)They're still kids, and although there's a lot thatthe experts don't yet know about them, one thingthey do agree on is that what kids use and expectfrom their world has changed rapidly. And it's allbecause of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them,their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy (懂技术的) Millennialelders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblingsdon't quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassingsensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologistLarry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in anew book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next says the tech-dominated life experience ofthose born since the early 1990s is sodifferent from the Millennials he wrote about in his xx book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting theNet Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbedthe "ingeneration"."The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it's also a mind-set, and the mind-set goeswith the little ‘i', which I'm talking to stand for 'individualized'," Rosen says. "Everything isdefined and individualized to ‘me'. My music choices are defined to ' me'. What I watch onTV any instant is defined to ‘me'. " He says the iGeneration includes today's teens and middle-school ers, but it's too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger.Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. "If they can think of it, somebodyprobably has or will invent it," he says. "They expect innovation."They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use "will be able to be tailoredto their own needs and wishes and desires."Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allowthem to text aswell as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned.Many researchers are trying t6 determine whether technology somehow causes the brainsof young people to be wired differently. "They should be distracted and should perform morepoorly than they do," Rosen says. "But findings show teens survive distractions much betterthan we would predict by their age and their brain development. "Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educationalsystem has to change significantly."The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential(指数的), and werun the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how theythink," Rosen says."We have to give them options because they want their world individualized. "56. Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kidswith others by high-tech methods continuallyto live a virtual life than a real oneequipped with more modem digital techniquesmore on technology than their elders57. Why did Larry Rosen name the new generation as iGeneration?this generation is featured by the use of personal high-tech devices.this generation stresses on an individualized style of life.it is the author himself who has discovered the new generation.it's a mind-set generation instead of an age-set one.58. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen?generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things.must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation.generation catches up with the development of technology.such as wireless devices goes with the generation.59. Rosen's findings suggest that technologyan obvious effect on the function of iGeneration's brain developmentgreatly affected the iGeneration's behaviors and academic performanceno significantly negative effect on iGeneration's mental and intellectualdevelopmentcaused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance60. According to the passage, education has to __its system to the need of the new generationmore technologies to cater for the iGenerationits system to certain extent for the iGenerationconducted online for iGeneration's individualized need六级考试英语强化阅读题答案)。
六级阅读理解指导PPT课件
需要注意的是，这些问题的表述常常不是采用文章原话， 考生在读问题时应仔细辨别哪些地方出题者使用了同义 词来表达。
正确选项都是对原文所述内容做了改写(paraphrase)。 改写的方法无外乎三种：简化语言、反话正说（正话反 说）以及替换关键词。
总之，在标题型的题千中都会出现title一 词primary purpose of the passage is to ____.
The author's purpose of writing this passage is ____.
The passage is intended to ____. What is the purpose of the passage?
第二类较为隐蔽，题手中不出现表示“暗示”含义的 词，并且在文章中找不到直接的答案。
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各种题型的答题技巧：语义题
语义题的目的在于考查考生转述或解释某个词或 语句在特定语境中的含义的能力。
遇到生词、难词或语句时 (1)通过上下文与该词或语句逻辑和意义上的联系 来判断语义 ( 2)一个单词可以通过前缀、后缀、合成词等形式 派生出很多单词，考生可以根据构词法，从熟悉 的词来推知生词的含义。
It can be concluded from the passage that—
It can be inferred from the passage that...
We can infer from the passage that...
The author concludes that...
Reading Comprehension
大学英语六级综合讲义
大学英语六级阅读讲义CET-6 Reading Comprehension一.阅读理解Reading in Depth B一．方法：1．读题，确定题型，找关键词。
2．浏览整篇文章，找到关键词，确定区域，划出出题原则。
3．解题。
二．阅读题型：1.主旨题2.细节题3.猜词题4.推论题5.作者态度题1.主旨题的种类：①中心思想main idea②最佳标题best title③作者写作目的the author’s purpose主旨题答案一般在文章的开头，如果文章开头很长，一般看前面两到三句。
四种题型：1．题型的区分：猜词题，“”；态度题attitude重点区分细节题和推论题we can infer from Smith that… 细节题we can infer from the passage that… 推论题题目出现关键词的都叫细节题，没有关键词的就是推论题。
细节题的答案是文章的表层；推论题的答案是延伸。
2.关键词种类：①显性关键词：大写、年代、人名、数字②以动词为关键词③生词提高速度：首先学会划区域，区域找的快就做的快。
态度题分类：1段落态度2话题态度3篇章态度话题态度和篇章态度的判断方法：作者所对应对象在文章第一段有没有出现，对象在第一段出现了就是篇章题，对象没有在第一段出现就是话题态度题。
做题方法：篇章态度题在文章最后一段；话题态度题在该话题最后出现的那一段。
只要出现indifferent永远是错的。
态度词汇总：frustration，depression，confidence，positive，active，ambitious，inspiring，passionate，approving，original，optimistic出题者偏向于积极向上的词语，如果时间不够或单词不认识就选比较积极的方面。
区域=关键词所在句+前句+后句记住：前缀contro-表示相互矛盾或冲突。
前缀de-表示减少，具有否定意义。
对啊网六级君_六级翻译强化讲义
If you think you are beaten, you are.
六级翻译技巧讲解-2
3. 分译 & 合译(按内容层次分译) • 合译： 多个杂碎的汉语句子可以合译为英语的单句，使译文紧凑、简练。 母亲在谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感， 这是可以理解的。( 形容 词） The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child ． 夜里冷风飕飕，那是十一月初，天下起了毛毛细雨，令我倍加难受. （名词）
Is it possible to finish it by 10? Is there any possibility for finishing it by 10? Can we possibly finish it by 10?
六级翻译技巧讲解-3
翻译注意事项
注意一：中文“逗号”信息处理：
•
非谓语动词结构，
如：
我们的社会是一个和谐的社会，
家家户户都会进行大扫除…… 方法：
代词替代
动词替代
分词替代
省略
代词替代
我们的民族不再是一个被人们侮辱的民族了
Our nation is no longer one subject to insult and humiliation. 我们提倡和平共处的原则，这项原则目前在世界上已经越来越得人
1） It is essential to adopt measures to protect the environment 2） There is necessity to adopt measures to protect the environment. 3） Measures should be taken to protect the environment. 4） It is high time that we protected the environment. 虚拟语气 注意三：英语多变化，汉语多重复
全国英语六级CET-6考试复习资料
！全国英语六级CET-6考试复习资料四六级考前冲刺－综合篇综合部分在四六级考试中包括两部分,即完形填空或改错部分、翻译部分。
两部分分别占10%和5%的分值。
完形填空部分采用多项选择题型,改错部分的要求是辨认错误并改正。
翻译部分测试的是句子、短语及常用表达层次上的中译英能力。
虽然这些分值所占比例并不大,但也是及格与否或高分与否的关键所在。
综合部分考查的首先是考生的词汇量和对其用法的熟悉程度。
在最后四周内,对许多考生来说只要强化背诵四六级高频词汇和固定搭配的阅读,就能在这个版块的得分上向前迈进一大步。
如何在这四周的时间里合理安排时间和复习顺序,最有效地背单词、掌握关键的句型结构呢在这里昂立四六级命题中心的老师为您制定了一套合理科学的复习计划。
准备项目：本周建议您回顾一遍所有的新题型的真题综合部分,尤其是注意反复考查的单词、动词固定搭配和句型。
参加六级考试的同学可以做一下0612综合部分的改错题型,总结一下技巧。
因为现在改错不常考,所以在最后阶段复习这种题型既能依靠前面积累的词汇语法基础提高做题正确率,又能在考前熟悉考题技巧。
难点重点：六级的完型填空这种题型并不常考,事实上在新六级的推广中只考了0612一次。
全文篇幅在200词左右,有十处横线,但凡出现横线的这样必定有错误、反之则没有。
我们建议考生在处理此类题目时首先要把握首句、了解文章的话题。
接着通读全文,掌握上下文的逻辑关系。
在做题时请大家注意,每一种错误类型只会出现一次。
漏述、赘述加起来一般不会超过三次。
准备内容：这里给大家总结一下完型中常见的几大错误。
名词单复数、固定搭配、介词、正反义词、词性、上下文逻辑、并列结构。
￥时间安排：这类题目并不建议大家多做,能把0612考过的做完就可以了。
四六级考前冲刺－写作篇据我们科学估计,在最后四周内,只要有针对的进行安排时间,对许多考生来说写作仍有至少20分的提升空间。
使用那些材料才能有效的最大限度地拿分呢在这里昂立四六级命题中心的老师为您支招,帮助您安排合理科学的复习计划。
2014,6月大学六级考试真题第二套讲解
2014,6月大学六级考试真题第二套讲解一、大学英语六级考试（CET6）是中国高等教育体系中一项重要的英语能力测试，旨在评估大学生的英语综合运用能力。
2014年6月的六级考试试题涵盖了听力、阅读、写作和翻译等多个方面。
第二套试题的讲解将帮助考生深入理解试题的考查内容和解题技巧，从而提升考试成绩。
本文将对2014年6月大学六级考试第二套试题进行详细分析和讲解，以助于考生掌握考试重点和提高应试能力。
二、听力部分对话部分对话部分通常包含两个人之间的交流，考生需要根据对话内容选择正确答案。
建议考生在听对话时，注意对话的主要信息和细节，包括人物的态度、意图以及重要的时间和地点等。
对于一些常见的问题，如人物的关系、事件的发生时间、对话的主题等，考生需要能够快速准确地从对话中提取信息。
短文部分短文部分一般包含一段较长的听力材料，考生需要听懂短文的主要意思和细节。
这部分的题目通常会询问短文的主题、作者的观点以及一些具体的信息。
考生可以通过对短文结构的理解，掌握段落之间的逻辑关系，帮助自己更好地理解内容。
建议在听短文时，注意关键词和过渡词，这有助于把握文章的脉络和重点。
听新闻部分听新闻部分测试考生对新闻报道的理解能力。
新闻听力材料通常较短，内容涉及当前事件或重要新闻。
考生需要把握新闻的核心信息，包括事件的背景、主要人物、事件的经过以及结果等。
考生可以通过积累时事新闻的背景知识，提升对新闻内容的理解能力。
注意新闻报道中的数字和时间等具体信息也是解题的关键。
三、阅读部分阅读部分是考试的核心部分，主要考查考生的阅读理解能力。
2014年6月大学六级考试第二套试题阅读部分的讲解如下：选词填空选词填空题测试考生对文章语境的理解和词汇的掌握。
考生需要根据上下文选择合适的词汇填入空白处。
建议考生在做这类题目时，先快速阅读全文，把握文章的整体意思，然后根据上下文的语境选择最符合的词汇。
在选择时，注意词汇的搭配和语法结构，以确保填入的词汇既符合语义又符合语法。
六级强化-阅读理解
LOGO
Warm up
1．文章中的“mm”是指什么东西？ a）老太婆。 B）猫科动物的一种。 C）女孩子。 D）疯子。 2．mm为什么要打人？ a）因为不打白不打。 B）因为她的男朋友没有四级证书。 C）因为这种动物性情暴烈。 D）因为她的男朋友欺骗她。 3．从这篇文章中，我们可以推断出__________。 a）见到mm这种东西应该离远点。 B）骗人是没有好下场的。 C）四级证书是非常重要的。 D）拿不到四级证书就拿不到学位证书了。 4．文中的男生为什么说那么贬低自己的话？ a）他变态。 B）他谦虚。 C）他痴呆。 D）他诚实。 5．综观全文，这段文章的体裁应该是__________。 a）小说。 B）散文。 C）诗歌。 D）幽默。
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考题类型分析
考题类型分析 快速阅读(Skimming and Scanning) a 大纲要求:15 1200 10 b 文章特点:长而不难,标题必看 c 题目特点:细节题为主
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四大题型之二－推理题
标志词：conclude、infer、learn、know 分为细节型推理题和全文型推理题 细节型推理题：与细节题一样定位阅读，阅读后 进行一步的推理，不能偏离原文 全文型推理题：分为2种情况 虚拟语气往往是错误的
LOGO
Warm up
第31到35题将建立在下面这段文章中： mm说：“我爱你。” 我脸红了,我不想害她：“我没钱,更没有房子和车。” mm盯着我的 眼睛：“我知道。” “我的月薪只有一千五。” mm的目光仍然坚定 无比：“以后会多的。” 我用颤抖的双手拿出一支烟叼在嘴上：“我每 天要抽一包烟,一喝酒就闹事。” mm笑了,“以后有我在,你放心。” 我的脊梁上冒起一阵寒意,结结巴巴地对她说：“其实……其实我很流 氓……幼儿园就喜欢去女厕所,小学就没了初吻,中学就……” mm没 等我说完就软在了我的怀里,声音细若蚊鸣：“早知道你好色,你老偷 偷瞄我胸脯… …” 一股鼻血喷涌而出,我抱紧了mm,温热娇小的身 体让我热血沸腾。这时我忽然想到了一件很重要的事情,我决定把这 事告诉mm...... 五秒钟后mm抬头问我：“真的？” 我悲愤地点点 头。mm沉默片刻挣开我的怀抱抬手给了我一个耳光,她愤怒地朝我 喊道： “你丫竟然没有英语四级证书！”
商志-大学英语四六级考试强化班讲义(正文)
2013年12月（多题多卷：3篇）
1.Directions：You should start your essay witha brief account ofthe impact of the Internet on the way people communicateand thenexplainwhether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
2010年6月Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling
People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones and using walking sticks in order to see.
2013年6月（多题多卷：3篇）
1.Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay witha brief descriptionof the picture and thenexpress your viewsonthe Importance of Doing Small Things Before Undertaking Something Big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
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第一步：找出每个题干的关键词。 46. Employers should realise it is important to keep older workers in the workforce. 关键词：employers，realise，older workers，in the workforce. 长篇阅读（Section B） 举例说明
①能够指示开头段的词汇
(overview、introduction。initiation、main idea、definition)
②能够指示结尾段的词汇
(overview、future、solution、conclusion、suggestion、summary)
③能够帮助回原文定位的特殊词汇
（数字、比例）
长篇阅读（Section B）
五、解题方式
转变传统思路
找句子答案 à 句子会在哪出现 Which paragraph contains the following information?
对文章框架思路的把握能力
考察眼力
长篇阅读（Section B）
五、解题方式
第一步，通读题干，判断词标记。
•
表示时间、地点、人物、机构、国家/城市的词语等；
四、出题特点
类型
1.人名-观点匹配；
2.地名-描述匹配；
3.句子-句子匹配；
4.分类题(Classification)；
5.段落-标题匹配；
6.段落-细节匹配。
新特点
1 题干中的细节往往会反映文章或段落的主题；加快阅读速度
2 题干提供的细节信息中往往暗含一些说明文所必须的逻辑关系，预
先排序
1 指示性词汇
构、作者态度等能力
六级阅读复习策略：
1、词汇--语法--解题技巧； 2、掌握文章的逻辑，抓住出题点 3、重视一词多义、熟词生义现象； 4、多研究和把握长句结构； 5、做完题后一定要研究解题技巧； 6、限时训练与限地训练。 What you need：
真题试卷
笔
Follow me
选词填空解题技巧-1
定话题 知概况 选词填空（Section A） 三、解题方式 词性分配比例:名 3，动 3，形 3，副 1 第二步，归类词性（1min）： 词根词缀 找副词 辨名词 留其他 连连看 选词填空（Section A） 三、解题方式 第三步，匹配答案：
单复数
固定搭配
逻辑关系
意群归类
所谓意群归类
有些句子会同时出现很多意义相近或者相同的词，这些词我们可以认
为是一个意群，属性应该相同。 eg：The advertisement can attribute to the local, ____, and global distribution of articles. 备选词：F) effective, H) national. (地点范围) 选词填空（Section A） 三、解题方式
选词填空解题技巧-2
解题方式详解 第三步，匹配答案
空处词性判断 内在逻辑结构 解题方式详解
第三步，匹配答案 动词确定： 前后都是名词短语 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词 一个完整句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般都是非谓语动词短语 Bond prices generally____42____ inversely (相反地）with current market interest rates. 名词确定： a)名词主要做主语、宾语 b)形容词和名词都可以修饰名词 c)限定词后必名词 d)谓语动词前必有名词性质主语 e)介词后面 形容词确定： a)名词前 b)副词后 副词确定 a 动词附近 b 形容词前 c 句子的前面 解题方式详解
第一步：找出每个题干的关键词。 48. Few governments in rich countries have launched bold reforms to tackle the problem of population ageing. 关键词： rich countries、bold reform、population ageing. 长篇阅读（Section B） 举例说明
第二步，归类词性
2.找副词： B) actually（实际上），M) scarcely（几乎不），L) rather（相当），O) vigorously（活泼地，活跃地），J) notwithstanding（尽管）。 解题方式详解 第二步，归类词性 3.辨名词： C) attachment（附件，链接物，依恋），H) insistence（坚持），K) petition （请愿，请求）。 解题方式详解 第二步，归类词性 4.留其它： A：形容词：F) feeble（微弱的），G) illicit（违法的），I) intimate（亲 密的）。 B：动词及其分词：A) acquired（获取；获得的），D) cheated（欺骗； 被骗的），E) engaged（保证；忙碌的），N) swayed（影响,摇摆；被影 响的，摇摆的） 解题方式详解 第二步，归类词性 5. 连连看 同义词 反义词
需要提高快速阅读和定位的解题能力
二、
难点
1 细节信息排列乱序
2 题干信息复杂，难以抓住要领
3 定位词难找（不明显、频率高）
4 不易用排除法
长篇阅读（Section B）
三、选项特点
该题型的一个特殊点是某个段落可能被选 2 次以上 (You may choose
a paragraph more than once）。
第四步，查漏补缺 选词填空（Section A） 查漏补缺技巧：
语感
固定搭配
逻辑
做一题划一题
解题方式详解
第一步： 通读全文 首尾原则
第一句必读
段落首尾句
中文注释
解题方式详解
第二步，归类词性
词根词缀整理选项 n. v. a. d. 不认识看词缀 注意单一性&多样性 Display，Challenge V-ed, v-ing Holding He is holding her hand. It’s a holding company Move The girl was moved. Move the capital from Xi’an to BJ 解题方式详解
六级阅读题型概述-2
2013.12 考试题型改革 Section A 选词填空 In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 篇幅 400 词 10 个空，15 个备选单词 分值 5% 解题时间：10min
2 思路
1 时间顺序
2 观点-原因-发展-瓶颈-措施-目标
3 科普类，不同派别
特殊的词：
斜体，括号
数字
列举、冒号
研究、报告、书籍
数字
转折
最高级、比较级
举例
第三步 检查答案
一定要检查
避免低级错误
长篇阅读解题技巧-2
长篇阅读（Section B） 举例说明
（2013 年 12 月大纲样题） Into the Unknown 长篇阅读（Section B） 举例说明
选词填空（Section A） 一、考核方式 15 选 10，每个词不能重复使用。 基础语法知识(词性、单复数、分词) 脱胎于传统的完形填空 “集库型完形填空” 提示词和干扰词 选词填空（Section A） 二、题型特点 10 个选填词基本都是实词 近义词辨析不多 固定搭配不多 词性好判断 首句不设空 均匀设空 选词填空（Section A） 难点： 词性多样 连带效应 选词填空（Section A） 三、解题方式 第一步，读首句（1min)：
六级阅读题型概述-1
CET-6 135min 40min 35% 题型概述 满分：249 分 题目位于写作与听力之后， 分为 Section A, B, C 三个部分 阅读装备 词汇： 6000+（4000+2000）&不认识 语法： 同 CET-4 速度： 10min 左右 文章出处： 外文杂志、书籍、网站等 老外的文章，自己人的题目 经验× 大众× 法宝： 词汇 逻辑 理解 OOXX 法
第四步，查缺补漏
难点整合
如何提高选词填空技能
1 掌握词汇多样性 2 词根词缀 3 常用搭配 4 分析逻辑关系 5 多阅读，注意语言的细节