sci论文常用句型摘抄

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sci写作句式

sci写作句式

sci写作句式以下是一些常用的SCI写作句式:1. "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of X on Y." (本研究旨在探讨X对Y的影响。

)2. "The results indicate that X is a more effective treatment than Y for Z." (结果表明,X比Y更有效地治疗Z。

)3. "In this study, we found that X significantly improved Y in patients with Z." (在这项研究中,我们发现X显著改善了Z患者的Y。

)4. "Our data suggest that X may be a promising candidate for the treatment of Y." (我们的数据表明,X可能是治疗Y的有前途的候选者。

)5. "The results of this study demonstrate that X plays a critical role in the regulation of Y." (本研究的结果表明,X在调节Y中起着关键作用。

)6. "To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that X can regulate Y in Z." (据我们所知,这是第一项证明X可以调节Z中Y的研究。

)7. "Our findings support the hypothesis that X is essential for the development of Y." (我们的发现支持了X对Y的发展至关重要的假设。

sci常用句式

sci常用句式

sci常用句式SCI常用句式是指在SCI论文中经常出现的句式,这些句式具有高效表达和规范的特点,使文章更加简洁明了,逻辑清晰。

下面是SCI 常用句式及其使用方法:1. There is a growing consensus that…(越来越多的人认为……)这个句式可以用来表达某个观点在学术界或社会上认可度越来越高的情况,可以体现作者在研究背景和前沿方向上的掌握。

2. It is widely acknowledged that…(人们普遍认为……)同样地,引入适当的学术语言去表述一些已经被学者公认的结论或现象。

3. In order to + 动词原形(为了……)这个句式可以用来表达作者在研究中采用了什么方法或手段,也可以用于强调研究目的。

4. A growing body of evidence suggests that…(越来越多的证据表明……)这个句式可以用于介绍当前研究领域的最新研究成果和进展。

5. It is worth noting that…(值得一提的是……)这个句式具有突出和强调的作用,可以用于强调作者认为值得关注的观点或实验结果。

6. In light of…(考虑到……)这个句式可以用于介绍某个研究现象的解释或原因。

7. It is therefore imperative that…(因此,有必要……)这个句式可以用于表达作者的建议或提出某个问题的解决方案。

8. The findings suggest that…(研究结果表明……)这个句式用于揭示实验或调查的研究结果,可以作为文章结论的开头。

9. The implications of the research are…(研究的意义在于……)这个句式可以用于分析研究结果的意义和价值,为论文提供深度和广度。

10. Overall, the study implies that…(总的来说,这项研究意味着……)这个句式用于总结研究的经验和教训,为进一步的研究提供参考。

SCI文章优美句型-写SCI论文必备

SCI文章优美句型-写SCI论文必备

1.To further substantiate a role of…..2.To gain further insight into the involvement of……3.Several lines of evidence suggest a potential role of……4.The discrepancies between these studies may be explained in part by the fact that….5.It can also not be excluded that…..6.To further elucidate the role of…….7.There is growing evidence that……….8.Several studies indicate that…………9.It is generally accepted that………..10. In vitro studies revealed that………….11. This is somewhat surprising since………12. Furthermore, available data suggest the potential to……..13. development and generation of more specific inhibitors will be required to further explore their potential to………..14. A better understanding of the regulation of their expression will thus be……. instrumental in the development of specific targeting approaches…….15. Little is known either on……….16. ………….remain to be elucidated in more detail17. The aim of this study was to clarify whether….. were therapeutic agents against18. This study may provide a new recognition of natural medicine for the treatment of19. Epidemiological studies have shown the incidence of20…. are thought to act through receptor-independent and dependent mechanisms to promote…21. …..which are derived from….., have been reported to possess a variety of potent properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, radical-scavenging, and cardiovascular protecting activity, anti-tumor, and so on.22. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of …. and to evaluate the efficacy of cardiopr otection by…….23. The pathological features of diabetes and/or its complications that were causedby…. had been investigated extensively.15. It has been established that TGF-b1 was a major regulator of collagen biosynthesis.16. As discussed above, it wa s discovered that….. showed beneficial influences on…..and had cardioprotective effects, suggesting that….. may ameliorate ……. 17. However, the mechanisms responsible for the effects of….on…still need to be discussed.18. This study elucidated the function al role of …. against ……may provide novel evidence for an antidiabetic property.19. …sparked intense debate and research into the cardiovascular security of…20. An updated review of21. The significance of this finding rests on the fact that….22. …. what is in agreement with literature data23. The value and novelty of this study is to indicate, for the first time in an in vivo model, that the molecular mechanism of atherosclerosis prevention by ……is consistent with a diminution of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 expression 24. The question remains open as to why….25….. may lead to a better understanding of the discrepancies among human studies and with the animal ones.26. ….numerous studies suggest that it has a preventive role in atherosclerosis, although the mechanism of action still remains unclear.27. The original aim of this study was to establish whether…..28. Expression of some of the scavenger receptors is increased at the atherosclerotic lesion,8 but to datethe regulatory mechanisms for most of these genes are not yet known and could lead to a better understanding of the process, prevention, and therapy of this disease. 29. This finding is important in the light of the still unknown mechanism of foam-cell formation from human aortic SMCs.30. The results shown in Figure excluded this hypothesis,31. Treatment of cells with a-tocopherol (50 mmol/L) resulted in a time-dependentdecrease of CD36 protein expression (Figure 2B), as was observed at the mRNA level.32. An understanding of the mechanisms by which……is central to an understanding of ……33. ……remains to be determined…..recent data support an important role for….in the pathogenesis of As.34. However, mounting evidence suggests that ……35. ….although the biological function has not been defined…..36. Given the established role of ……, we explored whether.37. In the following work, we outlined a novel signaling pathway for…..these findings suggest an unexpected role for …..in the pathogenesis of As38. The expression of …..in , led us to search for its expression in ….. To address this issue, we performed IF microscopy using antibodies against….39. To determine whether ….. was also expressed in…., we performed ICH. As shown in figure, the nuclei of ….show strong staining for …… By contrast, no staining is seen in…..40. As anticipated, cells treated with…exhibited a reductionin…..Unexpectedly,….NO effect was observed with or….this observation suggest that…..41. To further characterize the effect of …on …., we examined…..42. To determine whether…..The effect of ….were also examined in…..we also examined the ability of … on ….This findings indicate that….42. Accordingly, we consider the possibility that….43. Surprisingly, …..This results established a link between…..and …..44. Since Ox-LDL stimulated PPAR expression, we speculated that ……45. As demonstrated in…., similar results were obtained when……46. We further examined the effect of…. the surface expression of CD36 by…. 47…. has been reported previously to be an effective inducer of…..induce expression of ….in …cells.48. induce significant expression of mRNA encoding ……similar results wereobtained when…was used as…..49. to investigate whether…..and …are linked, we utilized a …..that has been demonstrated previously to interfere with….50. while it is possible that …..make minor contributions to ,this data indicate that the effect I is mediated primarily by SR CD36.51. The observation that ….raised the possibility that….52. To investigate whether….function to regulate transcription of ….promoter,53. to confirm that….collectively , these results suggests that….54. The above findings raised the Intriguing possibility ……..55. A detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular events that underlie formation of As plaque, is prerequisite to the rational design of the therapeutic of the disease.56. In this work, we have presented evidence implicating…..in a novel signaling pathway that regulate differentiation and lipid metabolism in…..57. ….endows cultured ….cells with the ability to bind and internalized OxLDL.58. our observation that…..suggest that …..may be important for the modulation of gene expression in this context.59. In fact, we have recently demonstrated that ….This observation reveals a novel mechanism whereby……60. it fits well with the previously defined role of ….61. Although prior work has focused primarily on , it is likely that…..62. there is strong evidence that….all of these observations are consistent with our identification ….as….63. our findings th at ……, that….., and that….., collectively suggest that…..may playa role in….. Clearly, in vivo studies will be required to further address the possibility.64. In the case of …, a number of studies have provided compelling evidence that….65. the work presented herein has in many cases utilized…..in an effort/ attempt to….66. It is tempting to speculate that the elucidation of a nuclear receptor signaling pathway involved in…..may open the door for therapeutic intervention of this process, 67. since the relationship between …. And atherogenesis is complex, the influenceof…on…must also be taken into account.68. Clearly, in vivo studies will be required to determine whether…have potential utility in the treatment or prevention of atherogenesis.69.To expl ore the idea that…… was used to identify……70.Furthermore, these studies demonstrate…..to be an important signaling molecule in…..and may serve as a therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of vasculoproliferative disorders72. have been widely used in clinical practise and their efficacy in reducing cardiovascular risk has been well described73. These results suggest that …..has a potent protective effect against…. The findings provide a new insight into the mechanism by which74. Despite extensive studies, the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases have not yet been fully elucidated. Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species play a major pathological role75. However, it remains unknown whether…….76. ….has been shown to possess various pharmacological activities such asanti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.77. …recognized as a molecular target for anti-inflammatory78. …Furthermore, we have confirmed an involvement of reactive oxygenspecies(ROS) in..79. .. The present study was attempted to investigate the effect…..80. All other reagents were of the best grade commercially available…..81. The experiments in this article were conducted in accordance with guidelines established by the Animal Care and Use Committee of ….. University.82. …cells were generously provided by…maintained in ….83. To elucidate the mechanisms of …..action, its effect on ….was examined by…..84. …..may have promising beneficial effects in preventing….. and may be of significance from the aspect of…..85. In studies of the molecular mechanisms of….. A previous report indicated that86. To study the role of….. we designed an antisense to deplete theendogenou s ….protein.87. Consistent with the fact that….dominant-negative…did not rescue the effect of…..88. The results presented above suggest a requirement for…in…. We further explored this possibility using,,,,,,89. As our results suggested that….. we attempted to rescue….90. To further test the relationship of… with the…91. The activation of …. in response to….. signalling is required for….., and the results presented above suggest that ….. is a component of this signaling cascade92. To test this hypothes is, we performed….. This feature might explain the fact that93. In vivo experiments suggest that ….This is supported by the fact that depletion of….with the aid of RNA interference (RNAi) attenuates Rho activation in response to …To further explore the mechanism of …. function, we examined the interactions between…..and ,…..94. To investigate the function of….95. We tested this prediction by analyzing….96. Several studies have demonstrated that …..pathway controls…… during …. development, and that activ ation of……. is an indispensable step in this process 97. This difference may reflect the fact that……common but variant molecular mechanism may be involved in98. Five lines of evidence indicate that……. led us to predict and verify that……99. It will be int eresting to investigate whether ….. has an importantfunction in this process.100. …ed as a traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, offers therapeutic potential for cardiovascular and other diseases. …….., extracted from the root extract of rhubarb has sparked increasing interest for therapeutic application.101. It was postulated that…. Therefore the present study was designed to study the effect of….on VSMCs proliferation induced by Ang II, and the expression of….102. ….has been implicated in…. underlining its importance in cardiovascular disease103. provided a possible avenue for interference with VSMCs proliferation….104. The major finding of this work showed that….105. The present study provided a valuable novel insight into molecular mechanisms of ….inhibited VSMCs proliferation induced by …….106. To verify that emodin mediated effects on VSMCs were not a consequence of cytotoxicity, LDH activity was determined as a parameter of cytotoxicity in supernatants of emodin and Ang II-treated cells. Consistent with the light microscope observations, LDH activity in supernatants of treated and untreated cells remained unchanged. So the inhibitory effect was mainly due to an inhibition of cell proliferation rather than to a direct cytotoxic effect.107. Further evidence was provided that ….played a crucial role in the cardioprotective properties of …..108. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of the …. and …. in combination onThe present studies were undertaken to investigate the potential effect of…. and to explore the cellular mechanism of cross-talk of the AT1 receptor and statin in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).109. The present study explored the possibility that…..110. Collectively, these facts and speculations suggest that。

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结1.引言句型:- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid development of...- In the context of...- It is widely recognized that...2.目的句型:- The purpose of this study is to...- This research aims to...- The objective of this paper is to...3.方法句型:- The experimental design involves...- The research methodology employed in this study includes...4.结果句型:- The results indicate that...- It is evident from the findings that...- The study reveals that...- The data suggests that...5.讨论句型:- The current study has several implications for...- These results are consistent with previous research showing...- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of...- The limitations of this study should be considered, such as...6.结论句型:- In conclusion...- To sum up...- Overall...- This study provides further evidence that...7.建议句型:- It is suggested that future research should focus on...- Further investigation is warranted to...8.引用句型:- According to (author's name), (quote)...- (Author's name) has argued that...- The literature suggests that...9.比较句型:- In contrast to...- On the other hand...- Similarly...10.解释句型:- This can be attributed to...- One possible explanation for this phenomenon is...- The results can be explained by...请注意,在撰写SCI论文时应避免直接复制粘贴以上句型,而是根据具体情况进行适当修改,以确保句子的流畅性和准确性。

sci写作句型

sci写作句型

sci写作句型在 SCI 论文写作中,常用的句型和框架可以帮助作者更好地组织和表达研究内容,提高论文的可读性和科学性。

以下是一些常用的句型和框架:1. 论文主题句型- We propose a new ... model and ... algorithm, which enables us to ... - This paper demonstrates the ability of ... to perform ... robustly and accurately.- We examine the effectiveness of ... in solving ...2. 理论基础、途径和方法句型- The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of ... - We have conducted several sets of experiments to test the validity of ...- Our approach involves the use of ... techniques and tools.3. 研究结果句型- Our research has recorded valuable data about ...- Our findings suggest that ...- Our experiments have shown that ...- The results of our study have demonstrated that ...4. 影响和价值句型- This work has provided an explanation of ...- Our research has resulted in the solution of a ... problem.- The findings of this study have significant implications for thefield of ...- The results of our study have demonstrated the effectiveness of ...5. 背景介绍句型- Recent developments in ... have suggested that ...- The problem of ... has received significant attention in the literature.- The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ...- Our study is motivated by the need to address the issue of ...这些句型和框架可以帮助作者更好地组织论文内容,提高可读性和科学性。

sci论文常用句型大全

sci论文常用句型大全

sci论文常用句型大全1.Taken together, our data provide new mechanistic insights intopossible endogenous signaling metastatic signaling pathways involved in maintaining proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.2.We sought to determine whether seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine)could increase the antitumor effects of doxorubicin, with no increase in toxicity, in an MCF7 breast cancer xenograft model.3.MIB1 (ki67) immunohistochemistry demonstrated reducedproliferation with treatment.(用于ki67方面)4.Survivin embodies these properties, and5.Moreover, in pre-clinical bladder tumor models, inhibition ofSurvivin expression and/or function has been shown to impede tumor cell proliferation, and markedly induce spontaneous or chemotherapy induced apoptosis6.The efficacy of mainstay cancer therapies, cytotoxics and radiation,has reached a plateau in the treatment of many cancers, and there is an urgent sense that improvements must now come from fresh approaches.7.Median age was 62 years with a range of 40-74 years.8.splice variants might function in effect as dominant negatives so thattheir expression might concurrent with survivin.9.There is a hypothesis that10.The absence of in vivo data on this point has now been remedied witha paper in this issue of the JCI by Altieri and colleagues.11.Thus, this raises an interesting question whether...12.raising the possibility that most, if not all, tumors express...13.The levels of p21 and p27 increased after treatment with doxorubicinor seliciclib alone or in combination, compared to untreated controls.14.In contrast, it is abundantly expressed in a wide variety of malignanttissues.15.On the contrary,...16.By contrast,a good title will attract the relevant researchers andincrease the number of citations you receive17.We have found that the human breast cancer cells MCF-7/Adroverexpress not only P-gp but also XIAP and Survivin, and showed high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, docetaxel and vincristine, in contrast to their parental cells KB and MCF-7.18.Survivin is aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancer cells but isundetectable in normal differentiated adult tissues, with the exception of testis, thymus, and placenta.19.The attributable mortality of CVC related bloodstream infectionsranges from 0% to 11.5%,20.Given these low rates, it is not clear whether new technical devicesconfer further advantages21.Patients with a history of allergy to chlorhexidine or to transparentdressings were excluded.22.Recurrence is difficult to treat and incurable in most patients23.She also runs the risk of infection because she has no spleen and willhave to take penicillin for a few months.ing these sites carried an increased risk of noninfectiouscomplications25.Patients with gastroparesis are at increased risk for aspirationpneumonitis26.Some research suggests that frequent consumption of fruit andvegetable can cut the risk of lung cancer even in smoke. 有研究显示,对水果和蔬菜长期的消耗,甚至能使吸烟者患肺癌的危险性降低。

sci不同部分的常用句式

sci不同部分的常用句式

sci不同部分的常用句式一、引言科学论文是科学研究成果的重要形式之一,论文中的句式使用直接影响到读者对论文内容的理解和接受程度。

本文将以SCI论文不同部分为切入点,分别列举常用的句式,旨在帮助科研人员提高论文写作的质量和效率。

二、引言部分常用句式1. 简介研究背景和意义:- 过去几十年里,关于...的研究取得了显著进展。

(In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the research on...)- 这项研究的重要性在于...(The significance of this study lies in...)- 目前,对于...的认识仍然不够充分。

(Currently, our understanding of... remains incomplete.)2. 表明研究目的和问题:- 本研究旨在探讨...的影响。

(The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of...)- 本文的主要问题是...(The main question addressed in this paper is...)- 我们的研究目标是...。

(Our research aims to...)3. 介绍研究方法和实验设计:- 采用了...的方法进行实验。

(The experiment was conducted using the method of...)- 在实验设计中,我们考虑了...的因素。

(In the experimental design, we took into account the factors of...)- 为了验证我们的假设,我们采用了...的实验方案。

(To test our hypothesis, we employed an experimental design of...)三、方法部分常用句式1. 描述实验对象或样本:- 本研究选择了...作为研究对象。

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结在SCI论文写作中,以下是一些常用的句型总结:1.引言部分:- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- In view of the above considerations, it is necessary to...- The objective of this study is to...- Previous studies have shown that...- The main aim of this research is to...2.方法部分:- The experimental design employed in this study involved...- The samples were prepared by...- The data were collected/recorded/analyzed using...- A questionnaire was administered to...- Statistical analysis was performed using...3.结果部分:- The results of this study demonstrate/reveal/show...- It can be observed from the data that...- The findings indicate/suggest/support...- There was a significant difference between...- The results are consistent with previous studies.4.讨论部分:- The present study provides new insights into...- The implications of these findings are discussed in detail.- These results are in line with previous research.- The limitations of this study should be acknowledged.- Further research is needed to explore...5.结论部分:- In conclusion, this research hasshown/confirmed/established...- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of...- These results have important implications for...- Future studies should consider...- According to Smith et al. (year), ...- In a recent study by Johnson (year), ...- Several studies have suggested that (Author, year; Author, year).以上是一些常用的SCI论文写作句型,享受您的写作!。

SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总

SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总

SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总1.引言句:- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for...- The issue of... has attracted considerable attention in both academia and industry.2.概括句:- In summary, it can be concluded that...- Overall, the findings suggest that...- Taken together, these results indicate that...3.解释原因句:- This can be attributed to...- The main factor contributing to... is...- The reason for this phenomenon can be explained by...4.分析结果句:- The results imply that...- It is evident from the data that...- The findings provide insight into...5.提出观点句:- It is worth noting that...- It can be argued that...6.强调句:- Importantly,...- Of particular significance is...- An important aspect to consider is...7.限定句:- However,...- Nevertheless,...- On the other hand,...8.总结句:- In conclusion, it is clear that...- To sum up,...- Therefore, it can be inferred that...9.建议句:- One possible solution to address this issue is... - It is advisable to...10.进一步研究句:- Future research should focus on...- There is a need for further investigation into...- It would be interesting to explore...注意,在写作过程中,应根据具体情况选择合适的句式,并结合适当的过渡词来使论文内容具有连贯性和逻辑性。

SCI论文经典词和常用句型

SCI论文经典词和常用句型

SCI论文经典词和常用句型一、经典替换词1. individuals, characters, folks 替换people , persons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good.3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换bad(如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换。

)4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换many.5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换some.6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think。

7. affair, business, matter 替换thing.8. shared 替换common .9. reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits.10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion.11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。

所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.)12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换hardly.13. beneficial, rewarding 替换helpful.14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换customer.15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very.16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换unnecessary, avoidable.17. indispensable 替换necessary.18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.19. capture one's attention 替换attract one's attention.20. facet, demension, sphere 替换aspet.21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换indicate,suggest, fear.22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.24. desire 替换want.25. pour attention into 替换pay attention to.26. bear in mind that 替换remember.27. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)。

常用的英文期刊SCI句子摘抄

常用的英文期刊SCI句子摘抄

常用的英文期刊SCI句子摘抄英语学术论文常用经典句型 (1)Beginning1. In this paper, we focus on the need for2. This paper proceeds as follow.3. The structure of the paper is as follows.4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroduction1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Review1. This review is followed by an introduction.2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given.4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with specialregard to ...5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 whileSection 4 describes the xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical studycurrently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through thetwo kinds of inference experiments...This Section1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xxSummary1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of someextensions of the paper.5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedureChapter 1. IntroductionTime1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the4. The development of ... is explored5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.英语学术论文常用经典句型(2)Objective / Goal / Purpose1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.3. The paper concerns the development of a xx4. The scope of this research lies in5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughnessand confidence as to permit ...7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a ... system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:13. In order to take advantage of their similarity14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods20. This illustration points out the need to specify21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.22. Chapter 2. Literature Review23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications.29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.34. The central issue in all these studies is to35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.36. Applied ... techniques to37. Characterized the ... system as38. Developed an algorithm to39. Developed a system called ... which40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce41. Emphasized the need to42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed45. Proposed/Presented/Statethat/Described/Illustrated/Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights46. Point out that the problem of47. A study on ...was done / developed by []48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with49. The approach taken by [] is50. The system developed by [] consists51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []52. []'s model requires consideration of...53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development54. []'s model focuses on...55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to56. The published information that is relevant to this research...57. This study further shows that58. Their work is based on the principle of59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].60. Studies have been completed to established61. The ...studies indicated that62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Question63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed69. An unanswered question70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed73. The three prime issues can be summarized:74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...75. There have been many attempts to76. It is expected to be serious barrier to77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex1. problem.1. There are several ways to get around this problem.2. As difficult as it seems to be, xx is by no means new.3. The problem is to recognize xx from a design representation.4. A xx problem can trace its roots to xx.5. xx [1987] used a heuristic approach to simplify the complexity of the problem.6. Several problems are associated with them.7. Although some progress has been made in this area, at least two major obstacles must be overcome before a fully automated system can be realized.8. Most problems in practice are complicated9. More problem surface here.10. Hamper effort toward a xx system11. In order to overcome the limitations due to incomplete and imprecise xx knowledge, a xx program has been developed, which bases its knowledge upon the statistical analysis of a sample population of xx12. The above difficulties are real challenges faced by researchers attempting to develop13. This type of mapping raises no controversy to the issue of membership function determination.14. However, attempts to quantify the xx have met both theoretical and empirical problems.15. It has become apparent that in order to apply this new methodological framework to real world problems and data, we have to pay attention to the problems of xx and xx.Chapter 3. Proposed methodologyAssumption1. In the case when the assumption of a xx seems to be too restrictive or inadequate, the formulation with Fuzzy termination time, i.e. given by a fuzzy set in the space of control stages, may be applied.2. We assume here the fuzzy constraints to be state dependent, and the fuzzy goal to be the same for all the control states, xx, which stems from the problem's nature.3. An approach to the solution of this problem is presented under the assumption that the sampling rate Decision can be made prior to the execution of the experiment, as opposed to being made while the experiment is in progress.4. Another assumption made above is that there are precise odds at which the expert is indifferent.5. Main simplifying assumptions are:6. This, in our view, is a questionable assumption.Outline / Structure / Module1. An outline of the research2. Information is incorporated within the scheme3. Is built into ... structure4. A nice modular structure.5. The principles of ... are applied as modularized criteriaClassification1. A xx system comprises three main components:2. Must decompose the original .. into a set of ..3. Consists of the following steps:4. This is summarized in the following steps:5. Can be broadly classified into the following areas:l Can be characterized by its function of effectively processing thel Can allow further breadth of application of ...into morel The following steps should be followedl xx can be classified by a different ways.l Based on the xx, one may classify xx into the following:l This catalog may change due to wear, breakage, and purchasing.Systeml Unlike many conventional program, expert systems do not usually deal with problem for which there is clearly a right or wrong answer.l The system consists of both ... and ...l The system has a hierarchical modular architecture organized on three levels.l expert system domains are area of expertisel To develop a xx system for xx, the following factors must be considered:l The system has been developed / designed to determine l The system has proven to be able tol The domain in which an expert system operates is a particular domainl The system comprises a ... withl The system is [feature-oriented ] / based on the ... techniquel The system environment must be relatively stablel The system is utilized to generate, load, store, update and retrieve ...l The development of a xx system has two stages: xx stage and xx stage.l The most essential part of .. system is the ...l The successful developments in ESs have made them an important tool in the development ofl An automated system was developed for英语学术论文常用经典句型 (3)l In this case, the system can be considered to be generative.l An interactive automatic ... systeml A .. is commonly thought of as a truly integrated .. system l Should be capable of being generated from a ... systeml xx is an important part of the integrated system.l The model consists of four rule bases, each of which addresses a separate problem in the hierarchy of schedulingdecision.l The rule bases are linked to each other in a chin like manner in the sense that the consequent of one rule base constitutes a part of the antecedent of the next rule base.l The rule base consists of all possible combinations of the linguistic terms associated with the linguistic variable of the antecedent of a rule.Computer Systeml The system has been implemented using Prolog language in an MS DOS environment. Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.l The current version of the xx program when compiled with WATFOR77 results in an executable code of about 270K bytes. Typical run time, when run on aXX computer (an IBM compatible machine) operating at 4.77 Mhz with 640K RAM, ranges from 10 min to 2h, depending on the size (or complexity) of the problem.l Time consuming procedures have been implemented in C language and directly linked to the Prolog environment.l The xx process, once the xx's data has been entered, requires approximately 180 seconds.l It should be noted that the computation was done with a 20 Hhz, 80386209;based microcomputer equipped with a 80387 math co processor.l The computer programs used for the analyses, one based on the xx method and the other based on the new method, werewritten in FORTRAN with a compiler that supports the math co processor.l Lisp, Prolog give maximum flexibility but also maximizes development time.l Internal representation is the way a model is represented in the computer.l An interactive menu-driven procedure is used in this study l Shell can be develop very fast at the cost of time fairly severe limitations.l While there is no measurable saving of time for the case involving five criteria, the saving is dramatic for the case involving 10 criteria -- the computation time reduces from 10 hr 40 min to about 1 min.l This combination is being implemented in an objected oriented programming environment (Smalltalk 80 system) to solve problems encountered in construction xxx.Method / Approach / Study / Process Model / Equation /Algorithm / Rule / Formula / Techniquel A discussion is presented of a problem-solving systeml To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied.l In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of thel Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally acceptedl This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report.l This can be accomplished byl This algorithm to compute the total cost can be describedstep by step as follows:l The above preliminary analysis has provided important informationl Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum...l These concepts have been applied tol On the basis of the concept mentioned above,l This can be achieved byl This fact suggests that a new conceptl This was accomplished by taking ...l The preparatory stage is very time consuming process.l Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibilityl There is little hope of achieving successful ...l There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made have not taken this approach, with the exception ofl Only a few studies can be found.l It is a very tedious process to go throughl It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effectedl The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head.l These approaches are sometimes very tedious.l Several techniques can be usedl A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]:l A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx.l A xx model represents an xx by its xx.l A process decision model captures the logic essential tol From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ...l The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula.l Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ...l Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system.l A number of heuristic rules have been developed forl Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so thatl An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determinel Euler's formula states the following:l The completed model should agree with the formula.l For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessaryl Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore,To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to be useful.Point of Viewl from an implementation standpoint,l From the point of view of this application,l From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short).l Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data in order to allow one to make decisions.l From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm.l The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM p.129]Justificationl We choose the so called xx in our experiment because it has received wide acceptance and canl Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.l The rationale behind this is that it can be much easier for an estimator to rate a cost as high than to attempt to place a dollar value on the estimate.l This strategy has been widely used in fuzzy control applications since it is natural and easy to implement.l A function definition expresses the membership function of a fuzzy set in a functional form, typically a bell shaped function, etc. Such functions are used in FLC because they lead themselves to manipulation through the use of fuzzy arithmetic.l It should be noted that in our daily life most of the information on which our decisions are based is linguistic rather than numerical in nature. Seen in this perspective, fuzzy control rules provide a natural framework for the characterization of human behavior and decisions analysis.l Many experts have found that fuzzy control rules provide a convenient way to express their domain knowledge. This explains why most FLCs are based on the knowledge andexperience which are expressed in the language of fuzzy "if the" rule.Chapter 4. ExamplesExample/ Datal The data used in the following example was taken from an experiment in which xx was measured between x and x using a xx technique.l The data consists of over xx measurements.l An example of xx is discussed and the control rules of xx are compared with a xxl Examples of complex processes to which this technique may be applied are xx, xx, etc.l The following example is constructed only for the purpose of illustrating the computational procedure discussed.l This example clearly demonstrates that the profile of an individual xx, or a very small group of xx, with no enough data to be studied statistically, can be meaningfully analyzed by fuzzy possibilistic methods.l There is no space here to go into detail on all these methods, but deserve a mention and the bibliography will point to detailed references for those wishing this level of detail.l Note that the golf ball spotting example is used throughout the paper.Comparisonsl As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view will be discussed.l The method of using xx to implement xx described byZadeh (1973) appeared more suitablel As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously],英语学术论文常用经典句型 (4)as shown in Table 1 and 2l This concept is illustrated in Figure 2l At the top of Table xx are shown two blocks of data.l Each table or matrix has constructs xx through xx as row headings,xx through xx as column headings.l A table of .. is developed and significant recommendations are made.CONJUGATIONTo Indicate Additionl additionally, again, also, and then, as can be easily understood, besides, equally important, especially, finally, for the same reason, first, further, furthermore, in addition, last, likewise, moreover, next, second, third, too, evidently, obviously, roughly speaking, broadly speakingTo Indicate Cause and Effectl accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in short, otherwise, then, therefore, thus, trulyTo indicate Comparisonl in a like manner, likewise, similarly , alternativelyTo Indicate Concessionl after all, although this may be true, at the same time, even though, even so , I admit, naturally, of courseTo Indicate Contrastl and yet, at the same time, but, for all that, however, yet, in fact, in contrast, in the real life, in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, normally, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, traditionally, rather, unfortunately,To Indicate Time Relationships:after a short time, afterwards, as indicated earlier, as long as, as soon as, at last, at length, at the moment, at that time, at the same time, before, earlier, currently, immediately, in the meantime, in recent years, lately, later, meanwhile, often, of late, presently, recently, soon, shortly, since, thereupon, temporarily, therefore, until, when, whileTo Indicate Special Features or Examples:for example, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in other words, in particular, in practice, specifically, that is, to illustrate, in this respect, theoretically, as mentioned before / aboveTo Indicate Summary:in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to conclude, in general, to summarize, to sum up, as a result, ultimately,VERB PHASEl build a .. model。

SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总

SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总

SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总下面是一些常用的精彩句式,可用于SCI论文写作:1.引言部分:- "In recent years, there has been a growing interest in..."- "With the rapid development of technology, ..."- "The emergence of [X] has revolutionized the field of [Y]..."- "The importance of [X] in [Y] cannot be overemphasized..."- "Despite the significant progress made in [X], there are still several challenges that need to be addressed, such as..."2.问题陈述:- "One of the major challenges faced by researchers in [field] is how to..."- "The question of [X] has attracted considerable attention from scholars..."- "Despite extensive studies on [X], the underlying mechanism remains unclear..."- "Previous research has focused on [X], but little attention has been paid to..."- "There is an urgent need to investigate the impact of [X] on [Y] and its potential solutions..."3.方法部分:- "To address this issue, we propose a novel approach, which involves..."- "The experimental setup consists of... In order to obtain reliable results, we conducted..."- "Data collection was carried out through a series of interviews/surveys/experiments..."- "This research utilized state-of-the-art techniques such as..."4.结果与讨论部分:- "The results of our study demonstrate a significant correlation between [X] and [Y]..."- "These results not only confirm previous studies, but also shed new light on..."- "The observed trends suggest that [X] plays a crucial role in..."- "We also conducted a statistical analysis to examine the significance of the results..."5.结论部分:- "In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of [X] in [Y] and provides valuable insights into..."- "This research contributes to the existing literature by..."- "In light of these findings, it is crucial to develop effective strategies to address the challenges associated with [X]..."- "Overall, this study enriches our understanding of [X] and paves the way for future research in this field..."请注意,选择合适的句式和用词应根据具体的论文内容和写作场景来决定,以确保语言表达准确、流畅、连贯,并且符合学术规范。

一些常用的SCI论文句式

一些常用的SCI论文句式

一些常用的SCI论文句式写英文文章经常要重复讲一个说法讲几次,但描述方式不能太祥林嫂,所以备好一些常用句式还是相当有用的。

以下的句式是本人在阅读文献过程中亲自整理的,主要来源于Science,Nature,Immunity,JEM,JCI和JI。

这些句式都很地道,决不山寨,希望对有需要的朋友有用。

热点,广泛关注、研究1.The mechanisms governing the homeostasis of memory T cells have been an area of intense investigation.2.Extensive work has been done in the area of cytokine signaling.3.Not unexpectedly, the newest …lineage‟ of helper T cells, TH-17 cells, also received a great deal of attention at the Ringberg meeting.4. While the interactions of DC wi th naive T cells within LN have been analysed in detail,…5. While interactions of DC with naive T cells in LN have been extensively examined by 2P-IVM,6. Although the signals that control neutrophil migration from the blood to sites of infection have been well characterized, little is known about their migration patterns within lymph nodes or the strategies that neutrophils use to find their local sites of action.不像B,which…,A…1. Unlike naive T cells, which survive largely in interphase, memory T cells persist under normal conditions with a slow but constant turnover.像…一样1.As with naive T cells, memory T cells are also capable of undergoing more rapid cell division under lymphopenic conditions, known as acutehomeostatic proliferation.…已有共识1.There is now a general consensus that two members of the common γ chain cytokine family, namely IL-7 and IL-15, control the homeostasis of CD8+memory cells…仍不清楚1. However, the factors that govern the homeostasis of CD4+ memory cells have yet to be fully defined.2. Although molecular details of the process are poorly understood.3. Although why this subset of T cells is uniquely sensitive to IL-2 is currently unclear.4. experiments directly interrogating the physiological requirementsfor DC-produced IL-2 have yet to be published.5. Among the questions that remain to be resolved are how IL-2 may play both supportive andrestrictive roles in the same transgenic OT-1 CD8+ T cells.6. The cause of this disease has been elusive because the SAP gene is not affected in XLP 2 patients.7.The main source of IL-17 at the local site of inflammation still remains unknown.8. Whether such a mechanism is relevant to CD4+ T helper cells remains an open issue.9. Whether the failure to silence TRAIL synthesis upon rechallenge explains this example of AICD remains to be investigated.10. Whether the receiving cell must make contact with the producing cell or whether there is a role for soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes in CD8+ memory T cell homeostasis is not clear.11. But the question of whether they need tonic signals via their TCR is still open.12. Exactly what CD4+ T cells provide to maintain CD8+ T cell memory remains a mystery. 13.Large questions remain as to how chemokine signaling regulates or is regulated to coordinate the complex in vivo dynamics of the T lymphocytes。

sci 常用句型

sci 常用句型

SCI论文写作中,有一些常用的句型可以帮助作者更清晰、有条理地表达自己的观点。

以下是一些经典和常用的句型:1. Introduction:- This was demonstrated in a number of studies that...(许多研究表明…)- Considerable research efforts have been devoted to...(大量研究工作致力于…)- In this paper, we aim to [research objective] by [research method/approach]. Example: In this paper, we aim to investigate the effects of social media on young adults' mental health by conducting a survey.(在本论文中,我们旨在通过[研究方法/方法]实现[研究目标]。

例如:在本论文中,我们旨在通过进行调查来研究社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响。

)2. 经典替换词:- Replace "individuals", "characters", or "folks" with "people" or "persons".(将“个人”,“角色”或“人们”替换为“人”或“人”)- Use positive terms like "rosy", "promising", "perfect", "pleasurable", "excellent", "outstanding", and "superb" to describe your findings or results.(使用积极的术语如“有希望的”,“完美的”,“愉快的”,“优秀的”,“杰出的”和“极好的”来描述您的发现或结果。

sci写作常用句式

sci写作常用句式

SCI写作常用句式有很多,以下是一些例子:The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of … 我们的研究目标是获取有关…的知识。

The object of this fundamental research will be to reveal … 此项基础研究的目标是揭示…With his recent research, the author intends to outline the framework of … 通过最近的研究,作者试图描绘…构架。

This paper aims to explore the relationship between … 这篇论文旨在探讨…之间的关系。

This study aims to determine the factors that influence … 这项研究旨在确定影响…的因素。

The aim of this st udy was to investigate the effects of … 这项研究的目的是调查…的影响。

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of … 这项研究的目的是评估…的有效性。

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on … 这篇论文对…的文献进行了全面综述。

This study employed a case-control design to investigate the association between … 这项研究采用病例对照设计来调查…之间的关联。

The results of this study suggest that … 这项研究的结果表明…以上是一些SCI写作常用的句式,当然还有很多其他的句式,需要根据具体的研究内容和目的进行选择和运用。

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(一)一、在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子:很多文献已经讨论过了。

它的可能的说法有很多很多,这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的:A. Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells has been intensively investigated. (Nature 1991, 353, 737 - 740 )B. This was demonstrated in a number of studies that showed that composite plasmonic-metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts.C. Several excellent reviews describing these applications are available, and we do not discuss these topicsD. Much work so far has focused on wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.(DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151)E. Recent developments of Lewis acids and water-soluble organometallic catalysts have attracted much attention.(Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666)F. An interesting approach in the use of zeolite as a water-tolerant solid acid was described by Ogawa et al(Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666)G. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the direct transition metal-catalyzed conversion of aryl halides toaryl nitriles. (J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7984-7989)H. There are many excellent reviews in the literature dealing with the basic concepts of the photocatalytic processand the reader is referred in particular to those by Hoffmann and coworkers,Mills and coworkers, and Kamat.(Metal oxide catalysis,19,P755)I. Nishimiya and Tsutsumi have reported on(proposed)the influence of the Si/Al ratio of various zeolites on the acid strength, which were estimated by calorimetry using ammonia. (Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666)二、在results and discussion中经常会用到的:如图所示A. GIXRD patterns in Figure 1A show the bulk structural information on as-deposited films.B. As shown in Figure 7B, the steady-state current density decreases after cycling between 0.35 and 0.7 V, which is probably due to the dissolution of FeOx.C. As can be seen from parts a and b of Figure 7, the reaction cycles start with the thermodynamically most favorable VOx structures(J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 24950−24958)这与XX能够相互印证:A. This is supported by the appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet–visible absorption band at 420–520nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eV.B. This is consistent with the observation from SEM–EDS. (Z.Zou et al. / Chemical Physics Letters 332 (2000) 271–277)C. This indicates a good agreement between the observed and calculated intensities in monoclinic with space groupP2/c when the O atoms are included in the model.D. The results are in good consistent with the observed photocatalytic activity...E. Identical conclusions were obtained in studies where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape,or size of plasmonic nanostructures.F. It was also found that areas of persistent divergent surface flow coincide with regions where convection appears to be consistently suppressed even when SSTs are above 27.5°C.SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(二)1. 值得注意的是...A. It must also be mentioned that the recycling of aqueous organic solvent is less desirable than that of pure organic liquid.B. Another interesting finding is that zeolites with 10-membered ring pores showed high selectivities (>99%) to cyclohexanol, whereas those with 12-membered ring pores, such as mordenite, produced large amounts of dicyclohexyl ether. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666)C. It should be pointed out that the nanometer-scale distribution of electrocatalyst centers on the electrode surface is also a predominant factor for high ORR electrocatalytic activity.D. Notably, the Ru II and Rh I complexes possessing the same BINAP chirality form antipodal amino acids as the predominant products. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2002, 41: 2008–2022)E. Given the multitude of various transformations published, it is noteworthy that only very few distinct activation methods have been identified. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 2178-2189)F. It is important to highlight that these two directing effects will lead to different enantiomers of the products even if both the “H-bond-catalyst” and the catalyst acting by steric shielding have the same absolute stereochemistry. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 2178-2189)G. It is worthwhile mentioning that these PPNDs can be very stable for several months without the observations of any floating or precipitated dots, which is attributed to the electrostatic repulsions between the positively charge PPNDs resulting in electrosteric stabilization.(Adv. Mater., 2012, 24: 2037–2041)2. ...仍然是个挑战A. There is thereby an urgent need but it is still a significant challenge to rationally design and delicately tail or the electroactive MTMOs for advanced LIBs, ECs, MOBs, and FCs. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2 014, 53, 1488 –1504)B. However, systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not yet been realized.C. It remains challenging to develop highly active HER catalysts based on materials that are more abundant at lower costs. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 7296–7299)D. One of the great challenges in the twenty-first century is unquestionably energy storage. (Nature Materials 2005, 4, 366 - 377 )3. 众所周知A. It is well established (accepted) / It is known to all / It is commonly known that many characteristics of functional materials, such as composition, crystalline phase, structural and morphological features, and the sur-/interface properties between the electrode and electrolyte, would greatly influence the performance of these unique MTMOs in electrochemical energy storage/conversion applications.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 –1504)B. It is generally accepted (believed) that for a-Fe2O3-based sensors the change in resistance is mainly caused by the adsorption and desorption of gases on the surface of the sensor structure. (Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 582)C. As we all know, soybean abounds with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen elements owing to the existence of sugar, proteins and lipids. (Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 9367-9369)D. There is no denying that their presence may mediate spin moments to align parallel without acting alone to show d0-FM. (Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 3918-3930)SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(三)1. 正如下文将提到的...A. As will be described below(也可以是As we shall see below), as the Si/Al ratio increases, the surface of the zeolite becomes more hydrophobic and possesses stronger affinity for ethyl acetate and the number of acid sites decreases.(Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666)B. This behavior is to be expected and will be further discussed below. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 3701–3707)C. There are also some small deviations with respect to the flow direction, which we will discuss below.(Science, 2001, 291, 630-633)D. Below, we will see what this implies.E. Complete details of this case will be provided at a later time.E. 很多论文中,也经常直接用see below来表示,比如:The observation of nanocluster spheres at the ends of the nanowires is suggestive of a VLS growth process (see below). (Science, 1998, 279, 208-211)2. 这与XX能够相互印证...A. This is supported by the appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet–visible absorption band at 420–520 nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eVB.This is consistent with the observation from SEM–EDS. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000, 332, 271–277)C. Identical conclusions were obtained in studies where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape, or size of plasmonic nanostructures. (Nat. Mater. 2011, DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3151)D. In addition, the shape of the titration curve versus the PPi/1 ratio, coinciding with that obtained by fluorescent titration studies, suggested that both 2:1 and 1:1 host-to-guest complexes are formed. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9463-9464)E. This unusual luminescence behavior is in accord with a recent theoretical prediction; MoS2, an indirect bandgap material in its bulk form, becomes a direct bandgap semiconductor when thinned to a monolayer. (Nano Lett., 2010, 10, 1271–1275)3. 我们的研究可能在哪些方面得到应用A. Our findings suggest that the use of solar energy for photocatalytic water splitting might provide a viable source for ‘clean’ hydrogen fuel, once the catalytic efficiency of the semiconductor system has been improved by increasing its su rface area and suitable modifications of the surface sites.B. Along with this green and cost-effective protocol of synthesis, we expect that these novel carbon nanodots have potential applications in bioimaging and electrocatalysis.(Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 9367-9369)C. This system could potentially be applied as the gain medium of solid-state organic-based lasers or as a component of high value photovoltaic (PV) materials, where destructive high energy UV radiation would be converted to useful low energy NIR radiation. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42, 29-43)D. Since the use of graphene may enhance the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 under UV and visible-light irradiation, graphene–TiO2 composites may potentially be used to enhance the bactericidal activity. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41, 782-796)E. It is the first report that CQDs are both amino-functionalized and highly fluorescent, which suggests their promising applications in chemical sensing.(Carbon, 2012, 50, 2810–2815)SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(四)1. 什么东西还尚未发现/系统研究A. However,systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not yet been realized.B. Nevertheless,for conventional nanostructured MTMOs as mentioned above, some problematic disadvantages cannot be overlooked.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 –1504)C. There are relatively few studies devoted to determination of cmc values for block copolymer micelles. (Macromolecules 1991, 24, 1033-1040)D. This might be the reason why, despite of the great influence of the preparation on the catalytic activity of gold catalysts, no systematic study concerning the synthesis conditions has been published yet. (Applied Catalysis A: General2002, 226, 1–13)E. These possibilities remain to be explored.F. Further effort is required to understand and better control the parameters dominating the particle surface passivation and resulting properties for carbon dots of brighter photoluminescence. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128 , 7756–7757)2. 由于/因为...A. Liquid ammonia is particularly attractive as an alternative to water due to its stability in the presence of strong reducing agents such as alkali metals that are used to access lower oxidation states.B. The unique nature of the cyanide ligand results from its ability to act both as a σdonor and a πacceptor combined with its negativecharge and ambidentate nature.C. Qdots are also excellent probes for two-photon confocal microscopy because they are characterized by a very large absorption cross section (Science 2005, 307, 538-544).D. As a result of the reductive strategy we used and of the strong bonding between the surface and the aryl groups, low residual currents (similar to those observed at a bare electrode) were obtained over a large window of potentials, the same as for the unmodified parent GC electrode. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5883-5884)E. The small Tafel slope of the defect-rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets is advantageous for practical applications, since it will lead to a faster increment of HER rate with increasing overpotential.(Adv. Mater., 2013, 25: 5807–5813)F. Fluorescent carbon-based materials have drawn increasing attention in recent years owing toexceptional advantages such as high optical absorptivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52: 3953–3957)G. On the basis of measurements of the heat of immersion of water on zeolites, Tsutsumi etal. claimed that the surface consists of siloxane bondings and is hydrophobi cin the region of low Al content. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666)H. Nanoparticle spatial distributions might have a large significance for catalyst stability, given that metal particle growth is a relevant deactivation mechanism for commercial catalysts.3. ...很重要A. The inhibition of additional nucleation during growth, in other words, the complete separation of nucleation and growth, is critical(essential, important) for the successful synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals. (Nature Materials 3, 891 - 895 (2004))B. In the current study, Cys, homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) were chosen as model thiol compounds since they play important (significant, vital, critical) roles in many biological processes and monitoring of these thiol compounds is of great importance for diagnosis of diseases.(Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 1147-1149)C. This is because according to nucleation theory, what really matters in addition to the change in temperature ΔT (or supersaturation) is the cooling rate.(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 2013-2026)SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(五)1. 相反/不同于A. On the contrary, mononuclear complexes, called single-ion magnets (SIM), have shown hysteresis loops of butterfly/phonon bottleneck type, with negligible coercivity, and therefore with much shorter relaxation times of magnetization. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417)B. In contrast, the Dy compound has significantly larger value of the transversal magnetic moment already in the ground state (ca. 10−1μB), therefore allowing a fast QTM. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417)C. In contrast to the structural similarity of these complexes, their magnetic behavior exhibits strong divergence. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417)D. Contrary to other conducting polymer semiconductors, carbon nitride is chemically and thermally stable and does not rely on complicated device manufacturing. (Nature materials, 2009, 8(1): 76-80.)E. Unlike the spherical particles they are derived from that Rayleigh light-scatter in the blue, these nanoprisms exhibit scattering in the red, which could be useful in developing multicolor diagnostic labels on the basis not only of nanoparticle composition and size but also of shape. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)2. 发现,阐明,报道,证实可供选择的词包括:verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate,demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest,suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose,report, describe,facilitate the identification of举例:A. These stacks appear as nanorods in the two-dimensional TEM images, but tilting experiments confirm that they are nanoprisms. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)B. Note that TEM shows that about 20% of the nanoprisms are truncated. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)C. Therefore, these calculations not only allow us to identify the important features in the spectrum of the nanoprisms but also the subtle relation between particle shape and the frequency of the bands that make up their spectra. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)D. We observed a decrease in intensity of the characteristic surface plasmon band in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for the spherical particles at λmax = 400 nm with a concomitant growth of three new bands of λmax = 335 (weak), 470 (medium), and 670 nm (strong), respectively. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)E. In this article, we present data demonstrating that opiate and nonopiate analgesia systems can be selectively activated by different environmental manipulations and describe the neural circuitry involved. (Science 1982, 216, 1185-1192)F. This suggests that the cobalt in CoP has a partial positive charge (δ+), while the phosphorus has a partial negative charge (δ−), implying a transfer of electron density from Co to P. (Angew. Chem., 2014, 126: 6828–6832)3. 如何指出当前研究的不足A. Although these inorganic substructures can exhibit a high density of functional groups, such as bridging OH groups, and the substructures contribute significantly to the adsorption properties of the material,surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the post-synthetic functionalization of the inorganic units within MOFs. (Chem. Eur. J., 2013, 19: 5533–5536.)B. Little is known, however, about the microstructure of this material. (Nature Materials 2013,12, 554–561)C. So far, very little information is available, and only in the absorber film, not in the whole operational devices. (Nano Lett., 2014, 14 (2), pp 888–893)D. In fact it should be noted that very little optimisation work has been carried out on these devices. (Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 7893-7895)E. By far the most architectures have been prepared using a solution processed perovskite material, yet a few examples have been reported that have used an evaporated perovskite layer. (Adv. Mater., 2014, 27: 1837–1841.)F. Water balance issues have been effectively addressed in PEMFC technology through a large body of work encompassing imaging, detailed water content and water balance measurements, materials optimization and modeling, but very few of these activities have been undertaken for anion exchange membrane fuel cells, primarily due to limited materials availability and device lifetime. (J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 2013, 51: 1727–1735)G. However, none of these studies tested for Th17 memory, a recently identified T cell that specializes in controlling extracellular bacterial infections at mucosal surfaces. (PNAS, 2013, 111, 787–792)H. However, uncertainty still remains as to the mechanism by which Li salt addition results in an extension of the cathodic reduction limit. (Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 232-250)I. There have been a number of high profile cases where failure to identify the most stable crystal form of a drug has led to severe formulation problems in manufacture. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 2080-2088)J. However, these measurements systematically underestimate the amount of ordered material. ( Nature Materials 2013, 12, 1038–1044)SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(六)1. 取决于a. This is an important distinction, as the overall activity of a catalyst will depend on the material properties, synthesis method, and other possible species that can be formed during activation. (Nat. Mater. 2017,16,225–229)b. This quantitative partitioning was determined by growing crystals of the 1:1 host–guest complex between ExBox4+ and corannulene. (Nat. Chem. 2014, 6177–178)c. They suggested that the Au particle size may be the decisive factor for achieving highly active Au catalysts.(Acc. Chem. Res., 2014, 47, 740–749)d. Low-valent late transition-metal catalysis has become indispensable to chemical synthesis, but homogeneous high-valent transition-metal catalysis is underdeveloped, mainly owing to the reactivity of high-valent transition-metal complexes and the challenges associated with synthesizing them. (Nature 2015, 517,449–454)e. The polar effect is a remarkable property that enables considerably endergonic C–H abstractions that would not be possible otherwise. (Nature 2015, 525, 87–90)f. Advances in heterogeneous catalysis must rely on the rational design of new catalysts. (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 100–101)g. Likely, the origin of the chemoselectivity may be also closely related to the H bonding with the N or O atom of the nitroso moiety, a similar H-bonding effect is known in enamine-based nitroso chemistry. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53: 4149–4153)2. 有很大潜力a. The quest for new methodologies to assemble complex organic molecules continues to be a great impetus to research efforts to discover or to optimize new catalytic transformations. (Nat. Chem. 2015, 7, 477–482)b. Nanosized faujasite (FAU) crystals have great potential as catalysts or adsorbents to more efficiently process present and forthcoming synthetic and renewable feedstocks in oil refining, petrochemistry and fine chemistry. (Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 447–451)c. For this purpose, vibrational spectroscopy has proved promising and very useful. (Acc Chem Res. 2015, 48, 407–413.)d. While a detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated and there is room for improvement in the yields and selectivities, it should be remarked that chirality transfer upon trifluoromethylation of enantioenriched allylsilanes was shown. (Top Catal. 2014, 57: 967. )e. The future looks bright for the use of PGMs as catalysts, both on laboratory and industrial scales, because the preparation of most kinds of single-atom metal catalyst is likely to be straightforward, and because characterization of such catalysts has become easier with the advent of techniques that readily discriminate single atoms from small clusters and nanoparticles. (Nature 2015, 525, 325–326)f. The unique mesostructure of the 3D-dendritic MSNSs with mesopore channels of short length and large diameter is supposed to be the key role in immobilization of active and robust heterogeneous catalysts, and it would have more hopeful prospects in catalytic applications. (ACSAppl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7, 17450–17459)g. Visible-light photoredox catalysis offers exciting opportunities to achieve challenging carbon–carbon bond formations under mild and ecologically benign conditions. (Acc. Chem. Res., 2016, 49, 1990–1996)3. 因此同义词:Therefore, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, so, as a result这一条比较简单,这里主要讲一下这些词的副词词性和灵活运用。

SCI论文写作中常用句型汇总

SCI论文写作中常用句型汇总

SCI论文写作中常用句型汇总SCI 不会写?其实英语基础好一点,文献多看一点,多写写自然就能自己写出来了。

当然,英文水平捉襟见肘,在写论文的时候十分恼火,通篇采用"We have proposed xxx", "XX is important", "We can use xxx to handle xxx"这类句式,论文的档次一下子就没了。

地道的英语多被动,句式喜多变,多掌握一些常用句式能够很好地提升paper的可读性,顺便还能提升自己的英文水平。

我给你们整理了一套万能模板,涵盖了论文不同部分的常用句型。

SCI论文写作中常用句型汇总Introduction 写作指南1.陈述研究背景,以及本篇论文的研究价值、意义2.指出该领域存在的问题,争议3.确定本篇论文聚焦的主题或关键词4.对该领域之前工作作一个的概览和回顾5.简要介绍本篇论文的工作和创新点下面列举一些Introduction中可能经常用到的句式:强调研究主题的重要性:(显式重要型)X is fundamental to ...X has a pivotal role in ...X is frequently prescribed for ...X is fast becoming a key instrument in ...X plays a vital role in the metabolism of ...X plays a critical role in the maintenance of ...X is essential for a wide range of technologies.X can play an important role in addressing the issue of ...There is evidence that X plays a crucial role in xxx ...(隐式重要型)The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many ...X is a common condition which has considerable impact on ...Since it was reported in 2002, X has been attracting a lot of interest.Recently, a considerable literature has grown up around the theme of ...Evidence suggests that X is among the most important factors for ...In the history of xxx, X has been thought of as a key factor in ... Xs are one of the most widely used groups of Y and have been extensively used for ...强调这个领域研究者和相关工作较少:XXX had been a largely under explored domain(under 表否定、下等)too little work has been devoted to强调当前研究中存在的困难:One of the main obstacles ...One of the greatest challenges ...A key issue is the safe disposal of ...The main disadvantage of X is that ...X is associated with increased risk of ...It is now well established that X can impair ...(impair 损害)X has led to the declines in the populations of ...X is a growing public xxx concern in xxx.X is one of the most frequently stated problems with ...The main challenge faced by many experiments is the ...Lack of X has existed as a xxx problem for many years.X is a major public problem, and the main cause of ...Xs are one of the most rapidly declining groups of insects in ...X is the leading cause of death in xxx.Despite its long success, X has a number of problems in use.There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ...There is an urgent need to address the safety problems caused by ...Questions have been raised about the safety of the prolonged use of ...The prevalence of X is increasing at an alarming rate in all age groups.Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks:Along with this growth in X, however, there is increasing concern over ...X is increasingly recognised as a serious, worldwide public concern.X and its consequences are an important, but understudied, cause for concern.SCI论文写作中常用句型汇总强调研究中存在的困难还可以用如下说法:(注意加一些转折副词, however, nevertheless...):X may cause ...X is limited by ...X suffers from ...X is too expensive to be used for ...X has accentuated the problem of ...the performance of X is limited by ...X could be a contributing factor to ...the synthesis of X remains a major challenge.X can be extremely harmful to xxx.research has consistently shown that X lacks ...a major problem with this kind of application is ...the determination of X is technically challenging.current methods of X have proven to be unreliable.these rapid changes are having a serious effect on ...X can be adversely affected under certain conditions.observations have indicated a serious decline in the population of ...文献概述常用句式:Recent evidence suggests that ...Previous studies have reported ...Several studies have documented ...Studies of X show the importance of ...Several attempts have been made to ...A number of researchers have reported ...Previous research comparing X and Y has found ...Existing research recognizes the critical role played by ...Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) showed that ...Factors found to be influencing X have been explored in several studies.Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on ...A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ...In the past two decades, a number of researchers have sought to determine ...There have been a number of longitudinal studies involving X that have reported ...SCI论文写作中常用句型汇总It has been + ()型:(小伙伴们最喜欢的It is xxx that句式来了,初中英语必备^_^)noted that ...argued that ...shown that ...reported that ...assumed that ...suggested that ... established that ... demonstrated that .... conclusively shown that ...强调研究的价值和意义:This research sheds new light on ...This study provides new insights into ...The study offers some important insights into ...The present study fills a gap in the literature by ...Understanding the link between X and Y will help ...The present research explores, for the first time, the effects of ...The findings should make an important contribution to thefield of ....This study provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge of ...This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring ...Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on X by demonstrating ...概括本篇论文的结构:(一般写在Introduction最后)The first section of this paper will examine...My thesis is composed of four themed chapters.The essay has been organised in the following way.The remaining part of the paper proceeds as follows: ...The main issues addressed in this paper are: a), b and c).This paper has been divided into four parts. The first part deals with ...The contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:(很常见的句式,简单)The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including this introductory chapter. Chapter Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how ... The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study.The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that ... Chapter 6 analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during ...。

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1.Taken together,our data provide new mechanistic insights into possible endogenous signalingmetastatic signaling pathways involved in maintaining proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.2.We sought to determine whether seliciclib(CYC202,R-roscovitine)could increase theantitumor effects of doxorubicin,with no increase in toxicity,in an MCF7breast cancer xenograft model.3.MIB1(ki67)immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced proliferation with treatment.(用于ki67方面)4.Survivin embodies these properties,and5.Moreover,in pre-clinical bladder tumor models,inhibition of Survivin expression and/orfunction has been shown to impede tumor cell proliferation,and markedly induce spontaneous or chemotherapy induced apoptosis6.The efficacy of mainstay cancer therapies,cytotoxics and radiation,has reached a plateau inthe treatment of many cancers,and there is an urgent sense that improvements must now come from fresh approaches.7.Median age was62years with a range of40-74years.8.splice variants might function in effect as dominant negatives so that their expression mightconcurrent with survivin.9.There is a hypothesis that10.The absence of in vivo data on this point has now been remedied with a paper in this issue ofthe JCI by Altieri and colleagues.11.Thus,this raises an interesting question whether...12.raising the possibility that most,if not all,tumors express...13.The levels of p21and p27increased after treatment with doxorubicin or seliciclib alone or incombination,compared to untreated controls.14.In contrast,it is abundantly expressed in a wide variety of malignant tissues.15.On the contrary,...16.By contrast,a good title will attract the relevant researchers and increase the number ofcitations you receive17.We have found that the human breast cancer cells MCF-7/Adr overexpress not only P-gp butalso XIAP and Survivin,and showed high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, docetaxel and vincristine,in contrast to their parental cells KB and MCF-7.18.Survivin is aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancer cells but is undetectable in normaldifferentiated adult tissues,with the exception of testis,thymus,and placenta.19.The attributable mortality of CVC related bloodstream infections ranges from0%to11.5%,20.Given these low rates,it is not clear whether new technical devices confer further advantages21.Patients with a history of allergy to chlorhexidine or to transparent dressings were excluded.22.Recurrence is difficult to treat and incurable in most patients23.She also runs the risk of infection because she has no spleen and will have to take penicillinfor a few months.ing these sites carried an increased risk of noninfectious complications25.Patients with gastroparesis are at increased risk for aspiration pneumonitis26.Some research suggests that frequent consumption of fruit and vegetable can cut the risk oflung cancer even in smoke.有研究显示,对水果和蔬菜长期的消耗,甚至能使吸烟者患肺癌的危险性降低。

;转换:有研究显示,长期食用水果和蔬菜甚至能使吸烟者患肺癌的危险性降低27.since lower LDL was linked to smaller risk of vascular events.28.However,radiotherapy is an expensive treatment and is linked to the increased risk of otherlasting complications,such as impaired bowel function,incontinence,and sexual dysfunction.For that reason,radiotherapy should be targeted to patients showing a high risk of local recurrence,such as those with involvement of the circumferential resection margin.29.but reached the similar conclusion that HDAC was involved in the repressing effects of p53on survivin expression30.This study evaluated the choice in using chemo radiotherapy in patients who hadinvolvement of the circumferential resection margin,with one week sessions of radiotherapy prior to surgery.31.Total mesorectal excision is one of the latest advances in surgical techniques that haveenhanced patient outcomes32.That preoperative radiation can mitigate but not eliminate the adverse effects of imperfectsurgery.The best outcomes occurred when preoperative radiation was followed by optimum surgery…The next challenge is to understand which patient needs what therapy to maximise his or her chance for cure.33.While her sutures heal,Heather has a stoma34.exercise helps you recover from a heart attack but only if you keep it up.35.The authors wrote that we already know that exercise benefits patients with coronary arterydisease,but there is little evidence on which types of exercise have the most impact.36.The researchers measured the participants'endothelial function(flow-mediated dilation)before and after4weeks of different types of exercise training and then after1month of no training.37.Vona said it was important to keep exercising in the longer term.38.The follow-up lasted(not‘was’)14-122months39.All23patients met the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome40.No perioperative complications were encountered41.Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions.42.Attention is also shifting from the osteoclast as a target for new therapies to the osteoblastand the osteocyte,with its complex network within the depths of bone.43.its application in oncology would become greatly limited because its efficacy is achieved atthe expense of fatal toxicity.44.Man proposes,God disposes(谋事在人,成事在天)45.Bronchiectasis differs from chronic bronchitis in that the former is more of a localizeddisease.支气管扩张与慢性支气管炎的区别在于前者更是一种局限性疾患。

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