普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)
广东省广州市2024届普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)政治试题含答
秘密★启用前试卷类型：A 2024年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)思想政治本试卷共8页，20小题，满分100分。
考试用时75分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上，并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题：本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 马克思、恩格斯指出，在资本主义社会里“人已经不再是人的奴隶，而变成了物的奴隶”“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件”。
这些论断★表明了促进人全面发展的基本价值取向★揭示了资本家占有工人剩余劳动的秘密★激励着人们不断为实现共产主义理想而奋斗★论述了无产阶级政党的性质、任务和策略原则A. ★★B. ★★C. ★★D. ★★2. 下列古典名句与新时代治国理政基本方略意涵相近的是①“不诱于誉，不恐于诽”——坚持全面从严治党②“备豫不虞，为国常道”——坚持总体国家安全观③“治世不一道，便国不法古”——坚持全面依法治国④“法者，治之端也”——坚持全面深化改革A. ★★B. ★★C. ★★D. ★★3. 小岗破冰，深圳兴涛，海南弄潮，浦东逐浪，雄安扬波……四十五载扬帆奋进，改革开放写下震撼人心的东方传奇。
实践充分证明，改革开放是党和人民大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝。
2024年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文试题及答案
2024年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文试题一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：我国办大学，应该取什么途径？抗战胜利以后，百废待举，需要大量专门技术人员。
工业落后，要建立轻重工业，尤非大量工程人员不可。
在此时，我们大学似乎应该注重技术教育，可是问题不是这样简单。
从前清曾国藩提倡兴建实业，设立上海制造局，派留学生学习制大炮轮船以来，到抗战前夕已七八十年，我国科学仍然不兴，实业仍然不振。
其中原因值得我们深加考虑。
一般人以为近代文明即物质文明乃西洋功利主义的产品，这是错误的。
孔子说：“君子谋道不谋食，耕也馁在其中矣，学也禄在其中矣。
”道即真理，从希腊提磨克列忒司（德谟克利特），到近今荷兰的阜尔司鲍，英国的汤姆生，他们研究原子，决非因为有什么用处才去研究，而是要晓得自然界物质结构的原委。
科学上将来的发明在哪个方向，既不能预料于事先，我们就单从功利主义着想，也得各项科目统加以研究，不能偏废。
若侧重应用的科学，而置纯粹科学、人文科学于不顾，这是谋食而不谋道的办法。
我国自战国以来，即有功利主义的哲学。
墨子以能用不能用为善的标准。
《兼爱篇》云：“用而不可，虽我亦将非之，且焉有善而不可用者。
”目今我国社会，仍然充满了这种功利主义。
大学里边的课程，支离破碎，只求传教零星有用的知识，而不注重理智的培养。
大学生认定院系，不问其性情之是否适合，而只问毕业后出路之好坏，待遇之厚薄。
选择科目，不问其训练之价值如何，而专问其是否可应用到所选定之职业。
在现行教育制度之下，大学课程实有重新厘订之必要。
基本科目必须增加，庶几能达到培养理智之目的。
至于训练大量之技术员或工程人员以应目前之需要，则可由高等工业、高等农业等学校或大学内另设专修班为之，不必因噎而废食。
（摘编自竺可桢《我国大学教育之前途》，1945年）材料二：中国科技大学基础理论课，也就是物理、化学和数学，在教学计划中占很重要的位置。
广东省广州市2024届普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学试卷
广东省广州市2024届普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）数学试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．设集合{}21,3,A a =，{}1,2B a =+，若B A ⊆，则=a （ ）A ．2B ．1C ．2-D ．1-2．已知复数z 满足|34i |1z -+=，则z 在复平面内对应的点位于（ ） A ．第一象限B ．第二象限C ．第三象限D ．第四象限3．记n S 为等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和，若35242a a a a =，则42S S =（ ） A ．5B ．4C ．3D ．24．已知正四棱台1111ABCD A B C D -的上､下底面边长分别为1和2，且11BB DD ⊥，则该棱台的体积为（ ）ABC ．76D ．725．设B ，2F 分别是椭圆2222:1(0)C bb x a a y +>>=的右顶点和上焦点，点P 在C 上，且222BF F P =u u u u r u u u u r，则C 的离心率为（ ）ABC ．12D6．已知函数()f x 的部分图像如图所示，则()f x 的解析式可能是（ ）A ．()sin(tan )f x x =B ．()tan(sin )f x x =C ．()cos(tan )f x x =D ．()tan(cos )f x x =7．已知32a =，35b =，58c =，则（ ） A ．a b c << B ．a c b << C ．c b a << D ．<<b c a8．已知,αβ是函数π()3sin(2)26f x x =+-在π0,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上的两个零点，则()cos αβ-=（ ）A ．23BCD9．已知向量a r ，b r 不共线，向量a b +r r 平分a r 与b r的夹角，则下列结论一定正确的是（ ）A ．0a b ⋅=r rB ．()()a b a b +⊥-r r r rC ．向量a r ，b r在a b +r r 上的投影向量相等 D ．a b a b +=-r r r r10．甲箱中有3个红球和2个白球，乙箱中有2个红球和2个白球（两箱中的球除颜色外没有其他区别），先从甲箱中随机取出一球放入乙箱，分别用事件1A 和2A 表示从甲箱中取出的球是红球和白球；再从乙箱中随机取出两球，用事件B 表示从乙箱中取出的两球都是红球，则（ ）A ．13()5P A =B ．11()50P B =C ．()1950P B A =D ．22()11P A B =11．已知直线y kx =与曲线ln y x =相交于不同两点11(,)M x y ，22(,)N x y ，曲线ln y x =在点M 处的切线与在点N 处的切线相交于点00(,)P x y ，则（ ）A ．1k e<<0 B ．120e x x x = C ．1201y y y +=+ D ．121y y <三、填空题12．已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和2n S n n =+，当9n nS a +取最小值时，n =. 13．某校数学建模兴趣小组收集了一组恒温动物体重W （单位：克）与脉搏率f （单位：心跳次数/分钟）的对应数据(,)(1,2,...,8)i i W f i =，根据生物学常识和散点图得出f 与W 近似满足kf cW =（,c k 为参数）.令ln i i x W =，ln i i y f =，计算得8x =，5y =，821214i i y ==∑.由最小二乘法得经验回归方程为$7.4y bx=+$，则k 的值为；为判断拟合效果，通过经验回归方程求得预测值µi y (1,2,...,8)i =，若残差平方和µ()8210.28i i i y y =-≈∑，则决定系数≈2R .（参考公式：决定系数µ()()221211==-=--∑∑ni ii n ii y y R y y ）14．已知曲线C 是平面内到定点(0,2)F -与到定直线:2l y =的距离之和等于6的点的轨迹，若点P 在C 上，对给定的点(2,)T t -，用()m t 表示PF PT +的最小值，则()m t 的最小值为.15．记ABC V 的内角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c ，ABC V 的面积为S .已知222)S a c b =+-. (1)求B ；(2)若点D 在边AC 上，且π2ABD ∠=，22AC DC ==，求ABC V 的周长. 16．如图，在四棱锥P ABCD -中，底面ABCD 是边长为2的菱形，DCP V 是等边三角形，π4DCB PCB ∠∠==，点M ，N 分别为DP 和AB 的中点.(1)求证：//MN 平面PBC ； (2)求证：平面PBC ⊥平面ABCD ； (3)求CM 与平面PAD 所成角的正弦值. 17．已知函数()cos sin f x x x x =+，(π,π)x ∈-. (1)求()f x 的单调区间和极小值； (2)证明：当[0,π)x ∈时，2()e e x x f x -≤+.18．已知O 为坐标原点，双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>的焦距为4，且经过点.(1)求C 的方程：(2)若直线l 与C 交于A ，B 两点，且0OA OB ⋅=u u u r u u u r，求AB 的取值范围：(3)已知点P 是C 上的动点，是否存在定圆222:()0O x y r r +=>，使得当过点P 能作圆O 的两条切线PM ，PN 时（其中M ，N 分别是两切线与C 的另一交点），总满足PM PN =若存在，求出圆O 的半径r ：若不存在，请说明理由.19．某校开展科普知识团队接力闯关活动，该活动共有两关，每个团队由*(3,N )n n n ≥∈位成员组成，成员按预先安排的顺序依次上场，具体规则如下：若某成员第一关闯关成功，则该成员继续闯第二关，否则该成员结束闯关并由下一位成员接力去闯第一关；若某成员第二关闯关成功，则该团队接力闯关活动结束，否则该成员结束闯关并由下一位成员接力去闯第二关；当第二关闯关成功或所有成员全部上场参加了闯关，该团队接力闯关活动结束.已知A 团队每位成员闯过第一关和第二关的概率分别为34和12，且每位成员闯关是否成功互不影响，每关结果也互不影响.(1)若3n =，用X 表示A 团队闯关活动结束时上场闯关的成员人数，求X 的均值； (2)记A 团队第*(11,N )k k n k ≤≤-∈位成员上场且闯过第二关的概率为k p ，集合*3N 128k k p ⎧⎫∈<⎨⎬⎩⎭中元素的最小值为0k ，规定团队人数01n k =+，求n .。
广东省广州市2024届高三一模物理含答案
2024年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）物理本试卷共6页，15小题，满分100分。
考试用时75分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B 铅笔将试卷类型（A ）填涂在答题卡相应位置上，并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。
2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、单项选择题：本题共7小题，每小题4分，共28分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．某质点做简谐振动，其位移x 与时间t 的关系如图，则该质点（）A ．振动频率为4HzB ．在A 点速度最大C ．在B 点加速度最大D ．在0~3s 内通过路程为12.0cm2．我国自主研发的“华龙一号”反应堆技术利用铀235发生核裂变释放的能量发电，典型的核反应方程为235114192192056360U n Ba Kr n k +→++。
光速取83.010m/s ⨯，若核反应的质量亏损为1g ，释放的核能为E ∆，则k 和E ∆的值分别为（）A ．2，169.010J ⨯B ．3，139.010J ⨯C ．2，164.510J ⨯D ．3，134.510J ⨯3．如图，一定质量的理想气体，用活塞封闭在开口向上的导热气缸内。
若环境温度不变，活塞与气缸壁间无摩擦，现对活塞施加向下压力使其缓慢下降，此过程中（）A ．气体压强增大，内能增加B ．气体压强增大，吸收热量C ．外界对气体做功，气体内能不变D ．气体对外界做功，气体吸收热量4．科学家研究发现，蜘蛛在没有风的情况下也能向上“起飞”。
广东省广州市2024届普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)生物试题含答
2024年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）生物学本试卷共8页，21 小题，满分100分。
考试用时75 分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上，并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上：如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题：本题共16小题，共40分。
第1~ 12 小题，每小题2分；第13 ~ 16小题，每小题4分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 核孔复合体镶嵌在内外核膜融合形成的核孔上。
下图为核孔复合体参与的三种物质运输方式，其中只有丙方式需要消耗细胞代谢提供的能量。
下列叙述，错误的是A．细胞核对通过核孔复合体进出的物质具有一定的选择性B．某些分子以甲或乙的方式进出核孔复合体可看作是被动运输C．以丙方式进入细胞核的物质的运输速度，会受相应的受体浓度的制约D．解旋酶、RNA聚合酶和染色质等均可经核孔复合体进入细胞核2. 春秋姜黄是集观赏和食用等价值为一体的新型花卉，传统的根茎繁殖方式存在着速度慢、易染病等问题，植物组织培养技术为其提供了高效的繁殖途径。
下列叙述，错误的是A．在接种前对外植体进行消毒，并在火焰旁进行接种可减少污染B．从接种外植体到形成试管苗的过程中，需将其转接到不同的培养基C．将愈伤组织接种到含生长素浓度较高的培养基中，更利于诱导其生芽D．移栽幼苗前通常先将其移植到消过毒的环境中，待其长壮后再移栽入土3. 转座子是染色体上一段能够自主复制和移位的DNA序列。
2022-2023学年广州市天河区普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)英语试题
2022-2023学年广州市天河区普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）英语试题1. FOUR THINGS To DO BEFORE YOU GET TO CAMPUSOpening your acceptance email and finding out you’ll attend university abroad is one of the most exciting moments of your life. Yet, it’s wise to take a moment to appreciate where you are and start setting yourself up for success before you leave home.Be a Tourist in Your HometownReturning home during the academic year will be difficult, as you’ll l ikely have to wait months before a break that will allow for a trip home. Go to the park, eat at your favorite restaurants or pay a visit to the shops you love. Think about what you enjoyed when you were younger and give them another try. These memories can help you get through the homesick moments of your first year.Spend Time with FamilySpend as much time as you can with every member of your family. They’ll miss you more than you know when you’re studying abroad, and you’ll miss them more than you reali ze. Spending uninterrupted time with your parents, taking photos of your grandparents and relatives or learning how to cook your aunt’s favorite recipe are small moments that can mean a lot.Set Goals for Your Upcoming YearApart from getting straight A’s, you could also make another goal to get to know people from several different states or countries before the end of the first semester or join two clubs on campus. These goals can remind you to get involved on campus and enjoy yourself as you learn how to balance your schedule.Figure Out LogisticsFigure out all the logistics at home so you’re ready to go on move-in day. Order your books online or from the campus book store so you can pick them up once you arrive. Figure out your living situation if you plan to live off-campus, and what you’ll need in your apartment. Get to know the map of your university, so you know your way around before you even get there.1. To overcome your homesickness, what is suggested?A．Eating with your best friends.B．Returning home during your holiday.C．Going to the park near your university.D．Filling your mind with sweet memories.2. What is a small but significant moment?A．Learning to cook from your relatives.B．Missing your family more than they do.C．Sending a picture to your grandparents.D．Accompanying your parents while on the phone.3. What might NOT be on your preparation first?A．Pre-learning to get straight As.B．Making a plan to make foreign friends.C．Ordering the books you need for college.D．Getting familiar with your university map.2. Born in Pennsylvania in 1894, Martha Graham was one of the most famous dancers in the world. She brought modern dance to a new level of popularity in American culture.Earlier in her life, however, she did not know that she would become a dancer. Her family was very religious and were members of the upper class. She saw a dance performance accidentally when she was 16, and then decided to become a dancer. Martha’s parents, however, did not approve of her desire to dance. At that time, people saw American dance as a lower art form. Yet Graham chose to follow her dream in her early twenties, even though she was considered too old to begin dancing.In school, Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance. She performed for several years before moving to New York City where she wanted to make greater experiments with dance. She cooperated with music composer L.H. until ter, Graham created “Chronicle,” one of her most significant dances. It was influenced by current events including the Great Depression and the Spanish Civil War. At that time, displaying strong emotions in dance was very rare. Graham also created dances based on ancient Greek tragic stories and famous heroines.At first, people did not react well to Graham’s style of dancing for it was quite: distinct from European ballet, which was more commonly accepted. Graham’s dances were powerful, with strong and sharp movements. In 1951,Graham established the dance program at the Juilliard School in New York City. Many of her students became famous dancers. She also taught movement to many famous people, including singers, actresses and film directors.Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime. She was the first dancer to receive the country’s highest civilian honor. In 1998, Time magazine listed her as The “Dancer of the Century”. Her dances are still performed in New York and around the world.1. Why did Martha’s parents oppose her dream to be a dancer?A．Their religion forbade any art form.B．It was too late for her to begin dancing.C．Their family belonged to the upper class.D．They didn’t consider dance as an art form.2. What do we know about Chronicle?A．It focuses on current events.B．It conveys intense human feelings.C．lt talks about ancient Greek heroines.D．It was created by Graham and L.H.3. What can be inferred about Martha’s dances?A．They enjoyed popularity once they appeared.B．They were well accepted by celebrities.C．They were mainly designed at the Juilliard School.D．They have common features with European dancing.4. What does Martha’s story mainly tell us?A．Not all that shines is gold.B．Actions speak louder than words.C．when in Rome, do as the Romans do.D．Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.3. 8-year-old French boy Mathias, who was diagnosed to an inoperable brain cancer and mere months left to live, had always wanted a visit to the hometown of the Disney heroine in cartoon “Moana”. His parents Aline and Eric quit their jobs a nd resolved to take Mathias to his dream place, French Polynesia.Famous for its otherworldly beauty on the Pacific Ocean, their destination is an extraordinary one with an extraordinary price tag, too. As the family planned the exploration on a budget, a local organization heard about their story and came to their aid. It raised 33,000 euros for their month-long adventure by selling bracelets with the words “waves of love” and holding performances of the Haka dance.Superb things kicked off for the family when they landed. Drumbeats thundered through the air. Crowns and flower necklaces were piled upon the family. Children dressed in grass skirts danced before Mathias in a welcome fit for a president.The place began to heal (治愈) Mathias. He visibly reacted to the smell of tropical flowers, the sound of someone playing the ukulele and the magical feeling of bathing for hours in the arms of his parents in an ocean far warmer than back home. “At first he was a little afraid to enter the ocean since he can’t see as well as before,” Aline said. “But he got his confidence back and it was him who asked to go in.” After so many months of hospital appointments and treatments, the trip offered the chance the family all needed to recharge and disconnect from all of that, and Mathias benefited most all.Despite the magnificent things both above and below the water’s surface, it was the great hospitality from the French Polynesian people that left the biggest impression on the family. Hundreds of offers for everything from guest house accommodations to daytrips on boats rolled in from around the islands.Perez, the organization’s president, said he was inspired not only by the family’s spirits but by the outpouring of love from his community. “Mathias’ dream served as a unifier,” said Perez. “And making it come true proved that-by being all together we can achieve something great.”1. Why did Mathias’ parents decide to go to French Polynesia?A．To admire the beautiful ocean scenery.B．To enjoy a superb and affordable journey.C．To cure their son of the severe brain cancer.D．To bring Mathias close to a cartoon character.2. What benefit did Mathias get form the trip?A．He got rid of his misfortune.B．He learnt to play water sports.C．He found comfort and courage.D．He overcame his sight problem.3. What does the author want to highlight by citing Perez’s words?A．It’s great to make Mathias’ dream come true.B．To achieve something great is always inspiring.C．A bonded community makes a great difference.D．It’s the organization’s duty to bring people together.4. What can be the best title for the text?A．Quality of the days left really counts.B．A sick boy struggles to realize his dream.C．Joy feels greater when shared with others.D．Pouring love from the place of Moana heals.4. A new property development in Austin, Texas is set to become the world’s largest community of 3D-printed homes. Scheduled to break ground next year, the project will feature 100 single-story houses with their roofs covered in solar cells. Printed on-site using advanced robotic construction and a concrete-based building material, each of the houses will take approximately a week to build.According to ICON, a Texas-based construction firm specializing in 3D-printed structures, its technology is significantly faster and cheaper than conventional construction methods, partly because it requires less manual labor.“Construction-scale 3D printing not only delivers homes faster and more affordably, but fleets of printers can change the way that entire communities are built for the better,” said Ballard, CEO of ICON. “The United States faces a deficit of approximately 5 million new homes, so there is an urgent need to swiftly increase supply without compromising quality, beauty, or sustainability and that is exactly the strength of our technology.”Advocates believe that the method can cut waste and carbon dioxide emissions. The ability of 3D printers to construct buildings without formwork can significantly reduce overall use of the material which is responsible for about 8% of global CO2 emissions annually. A recent study in Singapore, for instance, found that constructing a bathroom unit using 3D printing produced almost 86% less carbon dioxide than conventional construction methods.Critics have meanwhile pointed out that 3D concrete printing still relies on a non-renewable material, and that structures’ safety and stability are not specifically addressed by existing building codes.Although ICON has yet to reveal prices for the project, Ballard claimed at a press conference that it could deliver a much higher-quality product to the housing market that is typically not available for low-income families. Hopefully, the technology can also be used to fight homelessness and may be employed during disaster relief.“3D printing is not science fiction.” Ballard said at the time. “We have crossed that doorway from science fiction into reality. In the future, our bet is that this will be humanity’s best hope for a housing solution that matches our hi ghest values and ideals.”1. What can we know about the project?A．It is the first of its kind.B．It is half way to completion.C．It will take a week to finish.D．It involves robotic technology.2. What does the underlined word “deficit” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Crisis. B．Shortage. C．Storage. D．Boost.3. The 3D-printed construction method is considered eco-friendly because it_________.A．requires less materialsB．is free of Co2 emissionsC．uses renewable materialsD．produces recyclable waste4. What’s the author’s attitude towards the project?A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Approving5. Perhaps you have been writing poems for a while now. 1 What about taking the next step and sharing your work with a larger audience? Here are some tips on how to get started.●Find the market.2 It means those readers wanting to read your writing or a publication interested in receiving your submissions. Your school’s literary magazine, your hometown newspaper, poetry websites are all great places to start submitting your work.Another way to get your poems into print is by entering contests. Contests can encourage you to write about new subjects and try different poetic forms. This does help a lot for more chances.● 3If you want your poetry to be considered seriously by editors and contest judges, take their rules seriously. Be clear about all the requirements. 4 And double check for spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors to make sure that you offer the best version. Doing these, you’ll be ahead of the game.●Keep good records.Start a loose-leaf notebook containing all your poems. Every time. you submit a poem, note down the date, the market and the outcome of the submission. You can also make a document that tracks all the poems you have submitted on a laptop or smartphone.●Don’t give up!Every poet must get used to rejection. Your work is probably turned down. But it’s not a shame. Instead, it can be taken as a fun experience. It is a part of the publishing process, especially for beginni ng writers. Don’t stop writing or submitting! 56. Almost eight years ago, Nixon decided to begin each day from a bench with a good view of the St. Peterburg waterfront. “Watching a sunrise makes me feel centered before starting my day,” said Nixon, who works for the city’s water department.A year later, a woman changed his perspective on his ________ . “She said, ‘Every morning when I see you ________ here, I know everything will be O K,’” Nixon ________ . “That’s when I knew I needed to make eye contact with the people walking past and let them know we ________ to each other.”Nixon started smiling at people and striking up conversations. Soon many early risers began joining him on the bench, sometimes ________ themselves, asking him for advice about careers, relationships, and personal problems. Nixon said, “I want them to know they don’t have to feel alone when they ________ .” So, every morning, Nixon will stay there for two hours. H is ________ led some to nickname him the Sunshine Mayor (市长).While most people ________ wave or drop by briefly to make small talk, others are anxious to step into his “________” and spend a few minutes with someone who will ________ . No matter what problem a person wants to ________ , Nixon lends an ear. He is such a calm and ________ appearance. He listens without judgment and without any kind of return. Every person who stops by the bench deserves his undivided ________ .No topic is off limits, but so me people just want to sit next to someone and share the ________ . “A woman stopped once and said, ‘I just want a moment of peace and to know I am not alone.’” he recalled. “And at that moment, in that hour, on that morning, she ________ wasn’t.”1.A．life B．job C．task D．routine2.A．standing B．lying C．sitting D．jogging3.A．responded B．recalled C．whispered D．claimed4.A．appealed B．mattered C．belonged D．contributed5.A．impressing B．introducing C．relieving D．questioning6.A．walk away B．look around C．turn up D．pass by7.A．work B．role C．intention D．presence8.A．carefully B．simply C．suddenly D．slowly9.A．shoes B．list C．sight D．office10.A．listen B．agree C．argue D．explain11.A．voice B．face C．debate D．handle12.A．public B．constant C．strange D．unexpected13.A．love B．effort C．attention D．responsibility14.A．view B．story C．silence D．loneliness15.A．truly B．nearly C．hardly D．finally7. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2022年广州高三语文一模参考答案与评分建议
2022年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）语文试题参考答案与评分建议一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（19分）1.（3分）C2.（3分）A3.（3分）C4.（4分）①材料一引用的意图是点明论述的对象，以展开对章太炎“文学”概念的解说、分析和论证；②材料二引用的意图是明确论述的起点，从而引发对章太炎“文学”定义当代价值的阐述。
[每点2分。
意思对即可。
]5.（6分）①立足历史，对历史文化展开批判性反思；②勇于创新，大胆突破固有学术观念的桎梏；③针对现实，以解决现实问题为研究目标；④面向未来，站在时代的高度提出前瞻性的观点。
[每点2分。
答对其中3点即可得满分。
意思对即可。
]（二）现代文阅读Ⅱ（16分）6.（3分）B7.（3分）D8.（4分）①张氏珍视《秋山图》本身的艺术价值，在意的是别人对画作之美的评价，他将画挂于厅堂正墙反复赏玩；②王氏视《秋山图》为可供炫耀的藏品，更在意的是别人对画作真假的评定，只在客人来时才将画挂起。
[每点2分。
意思对即可。
]9.（6分）①《秋山图》的真假具有不确定性，前后两幅《秋山图》是否为同一幅也具有不确定性；②“不确定性”使情节扑朔迷离，使小说平添了悬念和波澜；③丰富了小说主题，引发读者对“美”的深入思考；④拓宽了读者的想象空间，增添了小说的审美意蕴。
[每点2分；第①点2分，第②③④点任答两点可得满分。
意思对即可。
]二、古代诗文阅读（35分）（一）文言文阅读（20分）10.（3分）C 11.（3分）B 12.（3分）B13.（8分）（1）现在田兴向朝廷进献魏博的土地和军队，等候朝廷的命令；朝廷应该乘这个机会诚心安抚接纳他们，用厚重的恩惠与他们结好。
[4分。
大意2分，“奉”“结”各1分。
]（2）我节衣缩食，积蓄钱财的原因，正是希望平定四方，不这样的话，白白积存钱财在国库里干什么呢？[4分。
大意2分，“所以”“徒”各1分。
]14.（3分）①没有想到魏博归附朝廷能获得如此大利，②担心自己藩镇按原来的做法处境会艰难。
广东省广州市天河区2022届高三上学期普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学试题
（1）当 时有 ，解得 ，
当 时，有
整理可得 ，
即 ，
由 ，可得 ，
所以 ，
所以 为以 为首项，以公差 的等差数列，
所以 ， ；
（2） ，
即该数列为 ，即等差数列 奇数项变负，
当 为偶数时， ，
当 为奇数时， .
18．（1）证明见解析；（2） .
【分析】
（1） 与 交于点F，连结 ，推导出 ，利用线面平行的判定定理证明 平面 .
【详解】
A： ，故 不是开方差数列，错误；
B： 不一定为常数，错误；
C： ，所以 为常数，即 为开方差数列，正确；
D：由题意， 且 ，m为常数，则 ，所以 时 为常数，则 为常数列，当 时， ，则 也为常数列，正确.
故选：CD
12．BCD
【分析】
A：由外心的性质，结合向量数量积的几何意义判断；B：根据 的几何意义即可判断正误；C：应用向量数量积的运算律及定义化简 ，再根据 判断正误；D：根据平面向量基本定理可得 ，再由三点共线即可证.
又∵ ，
故选A．
【点睛】
本题主要考查了三角函数的化简、求值问题，其中解答中熟练应用三角函数的倍角公式和基本关系式，化三角函数式为“齐次式”是解答的关键，着重考查了运算与求解能力，属于基础题．
5．C
【分析】
由已知可得 、 ，即可求公比 .
【详解】
由题设知： ，又 ，故 ，
∴ ，而 ，即 ，解得： 为 或1.
15．过定点 作曲线 的切线，恰有2条，则实数 的取值范围是______．
四、双空题
16．复印纸幅面规格采用 系列，其幅面规格为：① 所有规格的纸张的幅宽（以 表示）和长度（以 表示）的比例关系都为 ；②将 纸张沿长度方向对开成两等分，便成为 规格； 纸张沿长度方向对开成两等分，便成为 规格； ；如此对开至 规格，现有 纸各一张，若 纸的幅宽为 ，则 纸的面积为______ ，这9张纸的面积之和等于______ ．
广东省广州市六区普通高中2023届高三下学期综合测试(一)历史试卷
保密★启用前试卷类型：A 2023年普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）历史试题2023．3 本试卷共6页，20小题，满分100分。
考试用时75分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上的相应位置填涂考生号。
2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题：本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．根据考古学者的统计和估算，良渚古城的莫角山高台、内外城墙，以及大型水利工程建设需要约1200万立方米的土方量。
若按照1万人每年劳作200天计算，上述工程约需要6年以上的时间。
此外，还需要有更多人为这些劳动力提供后勤保障。
良渚古城的修建得益于A．农业经济的发展B．国家形态的成熟C．金属工具的使用D．奴隶的辛勤劳动2．《汉书·朱博传》载，冀州刺史朱博在巡视时遇吏民数百人拦路投诉。
朱博派属官敕告吏民，刺史不受理县丞、县尉之事，只受理两千石以上官员之事，而且也非事事都受理，只有《六条问事》言及者才得受理。
这反映了当时A．监察官的权力较小B．政府规范监察范围C．中央集权日益加强D．社会推崇无为思想3．近年在西安市长安区出土了唐代将军史善应墓。
其墓志载：“（史善应）曾祖缬杰娑那可汗，祖乙史波罗可汗，父褥檀特勤，隋开皇中因使入朝，值本国丧乱，遂留不返。
隋文帝授上柱国，封康国公，君（史善应）即第四子也”。
材料可说明隋唐时期A．南北经济文化交流密切B．门第观念影响广泛C．族际流动与文化的整合D．羁縻政策效果明显4．1069年，宋神宗任命王安石为参知政事进行变法革新。
2025届广州天河区高三上学期一模化学答案
2025届天河区普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）参考答案及评分标准一、选择题：本题共16小题，共44分。
第1～10小题，每小题2分；第11～16小题，每小题4分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
题号 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 答案 CA D CB D BC A BD D C B AA 二、非选择题：共56分。
17．(14分)（1）平衡气压，使浓盐酸能顺利流下 (1分) 2MnO 4ˉ＋10Clˉ＋16H +=2Mn 2+＋5Cl 2↑＋8H 2O(2分)（2）饱和食盐水(1分) 防止G 中的水蒸气进入E 中使3FeCl 发生潮解(2分)（3）操作2和操作4 (1分，只写操作4不给分) 偏低(1分)（4）Fe 3+和23SO −发生了氧化还原反应，Fe 3+和23SO −浓度减小，红色配离子浓度减小，所以红色褪去(2分)（5）①加热促进FeCl 3+3H 2O Fe(OH)3+3HCl 平衡正向移动，挥发出的HCl 形成白雾(2分) ②实验b 确认有氯气生成，氯元素化合价升高，黑色固体与盐酸没有H 2产生，说明没有铁单质，则Fe 3+化合价降低被还原成＋2价，黑色固体有可能是FeO 或Fe 3O 4或FeO 和Fe 3O 4的混合物，它们均含有＋2价铁(2分)18．(14分)（1） ⅥB (1分) d(1分)（2）将黑钨矿粉碎、搅拌、空气逆通等 (1分) 4FeWO 4+O 2+4Na 2CO 3高温4Na 2WO 4+2Fe 2O 3+4CO 2(2分) （3） H 2SiO 3和Al(OH)3(2分)（4） WO 24−+Ca(OH)2 CaWO 4+2OH -(2分) 410(或10000) (2分)（5） 333,,444 (1分1010(2分)19．(14分)（1）①-92KJ/mol(1分) N ad +H ad =NH ad (1分)②[]233LiNH H LiH NH 2+=+(2分)（2）①Ⅱ(1分)②合成氨反应是一个气体分子数减小的放热反应，减小压强或升高温度，平衡逆向移动，φ(NH 3)减小。
高三试卷化学-广东省广州市2024届普通高中毕业班高三下学期3月一模考试化学试卷及参考答案
秘密＊启用前试卷类型：A 2024年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）化学本试卷共8页，20小题，满分100分。
考试用时75分钟。
注意事项：l.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
并在化学答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。
2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质囊：H l C 12 N 14 0 16 S 32 Co 59 Ag 108一、单项选择题：本题共16小题，共44分。
第1~10小题，每小题2分；第11~16小题，每小题4分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
l.馆藏文物记载着中华文明的灿烂成就。
下列文物主要由硅酸盐制成的是A.四羊方尊青铜礼器1B．陶熏炉 C.金漆木雕如意I D.船纹铜提筒2.化学推动科技进步。
下列说法不正确的是A.祝融号探测器发现火星上存在的橄榄石(Mg.,F e2．心04)，其成分属于无机化合物B.天和核心舱电推进系统中使用的氮化硐陶瓷，其属于新型无机非金属材料c.奋斗者号载人潜水器球壳，其原料中的46兀与“T)互为同位素D.月壤样品中发现的天然玻璃纤维，该纤维中的Si02属千分子晶体3.衣食住行皆化学。
下列说法不正确的是A.美容扮舰乐生活，化妆品中的甘油属于酷类B.均衡膳食助健康，食品中的蛋白质可水解生成氨基酸C.电车出行促环保，电车中的锥离子电池属千二次电池D.爆竹烟花迎佳节，烟花呈现的是不同金属元素的焰色化学试卷A第l页（共8页）。
2024年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)英语试题
2024年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)英语试题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12024 年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)英语试题Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Congratulations!B. Let me see.C. Good idea.D. Thank you.2. A. At a cafe.B. At a library.C. At an airport.D. At a hotel.3. A. It’s a beautiful day.B. It’s a long journey.C. It’s worth the price.D. It’s hard to find.4. A. By phone.B. By letter.C. In person.D. By email.5. A. By 7:00.B. By 7:30.C. By 8:00.D. By 8:30.6. A. He feels sick.B. He wants a drink.C. He’s ready to leave.D. He’s lost his passport.7. A. By walking.B. By subway.C. By car.D. By bus.8. A. Every day.B. Every other day.C. Once a week.D. Once a month.9. A. A cup of coffee.B. A piece of cake.C. A glass of juice.D. A bowl of noodles.10. A. The woman is asking for an address.B. The man is showing the way to the woman.C. The woman is giving directions to the man.D. The man is lost and asking for help.Section B (10 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. There are five questions on the passage. You will hear the passage twice. After you hear the passage, you have 60 seconds to answer the questions.11. What did the man recently buy?A. A new car.B. A new house.C. A new camera.D. A new computer.12. What does the woman think about the man’s purchase?A. She thinks it’s a waste of money.B. She thinks it’s a good investment.C. She thinks it’s unnecessary.D. She thinks it’s too expensive.13. What does the man say about the camera?A. It’s easy to use.B. It’s not worth the price.C. It’s hard to carry.D. It’s old-fashioned.14. What did the man do with his old camera?A. He sold it.B. He gave it to his friend.C. He kept it as a backup.D. He threw it away.15. What is the woman’s suggestion to the man?A. To return the camera.B. To buy a better camera.C. To take more photos.D. To take a photography class.Section C (10 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. The dialogues and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a dialogue and the question about it, readthe four possible answers and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.16. A. It’s raining.B. It’s snowing.C. It’s windy.D. It’s sunny.17. A. Concert.B. Exhibition.C. Movie.D. Play.18. A. Movies.B. Books.C. Music.D. Sports.19. A. The man can’t hear the woman clearly.B. The man doesn’t understand the woman.C. The man agrees with the woman’s opinion.D. The man wants to change the subject.20. A. Weather.B. Traffic.C. Food.D. Sports.21. A. It’s very nice.B. It’s too small.C. It’s a bit old.D. It’s too expensive.22. A. In a park.B. In a museum.C. In a cafe.D. In a library.23. A. In a hospital.B. In a hotel.C. In a school.D. In a restaurant.24. A. On April 15th.B. In the morning.C. By taxi.D. With his friend.25. A. He has lost his phone.B. He can’t find his keys.C. He has forgotten his umbrella.D. He is locked out of his house.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: In this section, you will read a passage and answer the questions. You may choose multiple answers to the questions.Does your family have a plan for an emergency? Consider creating a family emergency plan. If an emergency happens, like power outages, storms, or accidents, it’s important to know what to do. Your plan should include how to contact each other, where to go, and what to take with you. Do you have a meeting location outside your home? Do you have emergency supplieslike food, water, and first aid kits? Practice your plan so everyone knows what to do in an emergency.26. What is the main idea of this passage?A. It’s important to have a family emergency plan.B. Accidents happen when you least expect them.C. A family emergency plan is not necessary.D. Everyone should buy first aid kits.27. What should be included in a family emergency plan?A. Contact information.B. Meeting location.C. Emergency supplies.D. All of the above.28. How can you practice your family emergency plan?A. Have regular meetings.B. Discuss the plan with your neighbors.C. Keep the plan a secret.D. Forget about the plan.29. When should you create a family emergency plan?A. After an emergency happens.B. Before an emergency happens.C. When you have free time.D. When you are on vacation.30. Why is it important to have emergency supplies?A. To make your family happy.B. To impress your friends.C. To use in case of an emergency.D. To save money.Section B (10 marks)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each question or the best completion to each statement.Passage OneGardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture. In gardens, decorative plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs, are grown for consumption, for use as dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use. Gardening is considered by many people to be a relaxing activity.31. What is gardening according to the passage?A. The practice of selling plants.B. The practice of growing plants.C. The practice of cutting plants.D. The practice of watering plants.32. Why are useful plants grown in gardens?A. For their flowers.B. For their appearance.C. For consumption.D. For use as dyes.33. How is gardening considered by many people?A. As a stressful activity.B. As a boring activity.C. As a relaxing activity.D. As a dangerous activity.34. What is not mentioned as a reason for growing plants?A. For medicinal use.B. For cosmetic use.C. For entertainment.D. For consumption.Passage TwoMusic therapy is the use of music to improve clients’ physical and mental health. Music therapists are professionals trained to use music and its elements to help people improve their quality of life. Music therapy is useful for people of all ages, but it is especially helpful for children with autism, individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, and older adults with dementia.35. What is music therapy according to the passage?A. The use of music to improve health.B. The use of music for entertainment.C. The use of music for exercise.D. The use of music for dancing.36. Who are music therapists trained to help?A. Only children.B. Only adults.C. People of all ages.D. Pets.37. Who is music therapy especially helpful for?A. Children with pets.B. Children with autism.C. Healthy individuals.D. Cats with Alzheimer’s disease.38. What is not mentioned as a group of people who benefit from music therapy?A. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease.B. Older adults with dementia.C. Young adults with colds.D. Children with autism.Passage ThreeA job interview is an important step in finding a job. When preparing for a job interview, it’s important to dress appropriately, arrive on time, and research the company beforehand. During the interview, make sure to maintain eye contact, speak clearly, and be confident. It’s also important to have questions prepared for the interviewer. After the interview, send a thank-you note to show your appreciation.39. What is an important step in finding a job?A. Arriving late to the interview.B. Dressing inappropriately for the interview.C. Researching the company beforehand.D. Sending a thank-you note after the interview.40. What should you do during a job interview?A. Avoid eye contact.B. Speak unclearly.C. Be confident.D. Forget to prepare questions.41. What should you do after a job interview?A. Send a thank-you note.B. Forget about the interview.C. Be rude to the interviewer.D. Arrive late for work.42. What is not mentioned as a tip for a job interview?A. Maintaining eye contact.B. Speaking clearly.C. Being late.D. Researching the company.Part III Writing (30 marks)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of "The Importance of Learning English". You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in English.1. Introduction: The importance of learning English in today’s world.2. Reasons why English is important.3. Benefits of learning English.4. Conclusion: Encouragement for further English learning.注意：1. 词数不少于150单词。
2025年广东广州天河区高三一模物理试卷答案
2025届天河区普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）物理参考答案1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 CACDBABBCABDAC11．（1）①不需要 ②0.80（2）①d ②20.0 （每空2分）12．（1）4.20（4.18，4.22） 1.68（1.67，1.69） （2）22(1cos )2d gL tθ−= （3）实验中所测速度为光条通过光电门的速度，大于小钢球在A 点的速度（每空2分）13．解：（1）电梯加速运行112s v t a == （1分）111m 2v h t == （1分） 减速运行222s vt a == （1分） 221m 2v h t ==匀速运行的时间1205sh h h t v−−== （2分）（2）对A 1T Mg Ma −=（1分） 对B 1F mg T ma +−=（1分） 解得2900N F =（1分）（3）由（1）可知A 上升到5m 时，速度大小为1m /s ，机械能增量21ΔΔ2EMv Mg h =+ （1分）解得 50500J E ∆=（1分）14．解：（1）设竖直向下为正方向，下落过程 212v gH = （1分）上升过程 2202v gh −=− （1分） 合力的冲量 I =−mv 2−mv 1 （2分）得 I =− 负号表示与正方向相反，即方向竖直向上 （1分）21v v = （1分）（2）拍球过程压力做的功为()F0012W h h F =− （2分） 球落地过程2F 312mgh W mv += （1分）球反弹过程2402v gh −=− （1分）43v v =（1分） 联立解得 ()()002mg H h F h h −=− （1分）15．解：（1）小球A 下摆过程 2012mgL mv =（1分） 在最低点有 20v T mg m R−= （1分）联立解得 1.5N T = （1分）（2）小球A 与B 发生弹性碰撞012mv mv mv =+ （2分） 222012111222mv mv mv =+ （2分） 解得 10v =，203m/s v v == 从碰撞后瞬间到B 停止运动过程()2221034mv d s mg d mg d mg −=−−⋅⋅−⋅⋅−µµµ （2分）解得 1.65m s = （1分） （3）同理，A 与C 发生弹性碰撞，碰后C 的速度也为v 3= v 2=3m/s （1分）从小球A 碰撞C 后到C 、B 碰前()22431132222mg d mg d mg s d mv mv µµµ−⋅⋅−⋅⋅−−=− （2分） C 、B 发生完全非弹性碰撞 452mv mv = （1分）CB 滑行至停下2512022mgx mv µ−⋅=−⋅ （1分）解得x=0.075m（1分）。
2023广东省广州市一模物理真题及答案
2023年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）物理本试卷共6页，15小题，满分100分。
考试用时75分钟一、单项选择题：本题共7小题，每小题4分，共28分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。
1.为空间站补给物质时，我国新一代货运飞船“天舟五号”实现了2小时与“天宫空间站”快速对接，对接后的“结合体”仍在原空间站轨道运行。
对接前“天宫空间站”与“天舟五号”的轨道如图所示，则（）A.“天宫空间站”对地球的引力小于地球对“天宫空间站”的引力B.“天宫空间站”的向心加速度小于“天舟五号”的向心加速度C.“结合体”受到地球的引力比“天宫空间站”受到地球的引力小D.“结合体”受到地球的引力等于“天宫空间站”受到地球的引力【答案】B【解析】【详解】A ．“天宫空间站”对地球的引力与地球对“天宫空间站”的引力是一对相互作用力，大小相等，方向相反，因此“天宫空间站”对地球的引力等于地球对“天宫空间站”的引力，A 错误；B ．根据2Mm Gma r =解得2Ma Gr =可知，轨道半径越小，向心加速度越大，即“天宫空间站”的向心加速度小于“天舟五号”的向心加速度，B 正确；CD ．根据2MmF G r 可知，轨道半径相同，结合体的质量大于对接前空间站的质量，则“结合体”受到地球的引力比“天宫空间站”受到地球的引力大，CD 错误；故选B 。
2.如图，两平行直导线cd 和ef 竖直放置，通以方向相反、大小相等的恒定电流，a 、b 、p 三个相同的闭合金属圆环位于两导线所在的平面内，a 在导线cd 的左侧，b 在导线ef 的右侧，p 在导线cd 与ef 之间，则（）A.穿过p 的磁通量为零B.a 、b 圆心处的磁场方向相反C.cd 、ef 所受到的安培力方向相反D.a 向左平动时产生逆时针方向的感应电流【答案】C【解析】【详解】A ．由题意，根据安培定则，可判断知通电直导线cd 和ef 在p 圆环处产生的磁场方向均垂直纸面向外，所以穿过p 的磁通量不为零，故A 错误；B ．由于距离通电导线越近，产生的磁场越强，距离导线越远，产生的磁场越弱，根据安培定则，结合对称性，可判断知通电直导线cd 和ef 在a 、b 圆心处产生磁场的合磁场方向相同，均垂直纸面向里，故B 错误；C ．根据两通电直导线之间的相互作用规律：“同向相吸，异向相斥”，可知cd 所受到的安培力向左，ef 所受到的安培力向右，故C 正确；D ．由选项B 分析可知，a 处的磁场方向垂直纸面向里，若a 圆环向左平动时，穿过a 圆环垂直纸面向里的磁通量将减小，根据“楞次定律”可知，感应电流产生的磁场方向也垂直纸面向里，由安培定则可判断知在a 内产生感应电流的方向为顺时针方向，故D 错误。
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普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）化 学本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
第一部分（选择题 共72分）可能用到的原子量：H —1 C —12 N —14 O —16 Na —23 Al —27 S —32 Ca —40 Fe —56 Ag —108 I —127一、选择题：（本题包括8小题，每小题4分，共32分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
） 1．在人体所需的十多种微量元素中，有一种称为“生命元素”的R 元素，对延长人类寿命起着重要的作用。
R 元素的原子有四个电子层，其最高价氧化物的化学式为RO 3，R 元素是 （ ）A ．SB ．AsC ．SeD ．Si 2．下列实验采用的方法，错误的是（ ）A ．用盐析的方法提纯某些蛋白质B ．用渗析的方法除去淀粉液中的Cl —C ．用盐析后过滤的方法从油脂皂化混合物中分离出肥皂D ．用加热升华的方法除去高锰酸钾晶体中少量的碘 3．反应3X(g)+Y(g) Z(g)+2W(g)在2L 密闭容器中进行，5min 后Y 减少了0.1mol ，则此反应的平均速率v 为（ ） A ．11m in 03.0)(--⋅⋅=L mol X v B ．11m in02.0)(--⋅⋅=L mol Y vC ．11m in10.0)(--⋅⋅=L mol Z vD ．11m in02.0)(--⋅⋅=L mol W v4．把二氧化碳和一氧化碳的混合气体VmL ，缓缓地通过足量的过氧化钠固体，体积减少了五分之一，则混合气体中CO 2与CO 的体积之比是 （ ）A ．1:4B ．1:2C ．2:3D ．3:25．氢氧燃料电池用于航天飞船，电极反应产生的水经冷凝后可作为航天员的饮用水，其电极反应如下：负极：2H 2+4OH —－4e 4H 2O 正极：O 2+2H 2O+4e 4OH —当得到1.8L 饮用水时，电池内转移的电子数约为（ ）A ．1.8molB ．3.6molC ．100molD ．200mol6．短周期元素中，若两种元素的原子序数相差3，周期数相差1，它们形成化合物时原子数之比为1:2，那么这些化合物共有 （ ）A ．1种B ．2种C ．3种D ．4种7．已知t ℃下Na 2SO 3的溶解度是S g 。
一定质量的Na 2SO 3溶液加入ag Na 2SO 3，在t ℃恰好饱和。
若以Na 2SO 3·7H 2O 代替Na 2SO 3，也使原溶液在t ℃恰好饱和，需加入Na 2SO 3·7H 2O （摩尔质量为252g ·mol －1）的质量是 （ ）A ．g Sa-100200B ．g S a+100100C ．g Sa+100200D ．g Sa-1001008．已知在25℃，101kPa 下，1g C 6H 14（己烷）燃烧生成二氧化碳和液态水时放出48.41 kJ热量。
表示上述反应的热化学方程式正确的是（ ）A ．C 6H 14（l ）+219O 2（g ） 6CO 2（g ）+7H 2O （l ） △H=－48.41 kJ·mol －1 B ．C 6H 14（l ）+219O 2（g ） 6CO 2（g ）+7H 2O （g ） △H=+4163 kJ·mol －1C ．C 6H 14（l ）+219O 2（g ） 6CO 2（g ）+7H 2O （g ） △H=+48.41 kJ·mol －1D ．C 6H 14（l ）+219O 2（g ） 6CO 2（g ）+7H 2O （l ） △H=－4163 kJ·mol －1二、选择题（本题包括10小题，每小题4分，共40分。
每小题有一个或两个．．．．．选项符合题意。
若正确答案只包括一个选项，多选时，该题为0分；若正确答案包括两个选项，只选一个且正确的给2分，选两个且都正确的给4分，但只要选错一个，该小题就为0分。
）9．A 和M 为两种元素，已知A 位于短周期，且A 2+与M —的电子数之差为8，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．A 和M 的原子序数之差为6B ．A 和M 原子的最外层电子数之和为9C ．A 和M 原子的最外层电子数之差为7D ．A 和M 原子的电子总数之和可能为1110．N A 表示阿伏加德常数，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．常温常压下，1mol 氦气所含的原子数为2N AB ．17g 氨气所含的电子数为8N AC ．标准状况下，22.4L 甲烷和乙烯的混合气体所含的分子数为N AD ．4g 金属钙变成钙离子时失去的电子数目为0.1N A11．能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是（ ）A ．饱和碳酸氢钙溶液中加入饱和氢氧化钙溶液Ca 2++HCO 3—+OH CaCO 3↓+H 2OB ．氯化亚铁溶液中加入硝酸Fe 2++4H ++NO 3 Fe 3++2H 2O+NO ↑C ．金属铝溶于氢氧化钠溶液2Al+6OH 2AlO 2—+3H 2↑D ．氨水中通入过量CO 22NH 3·H 2O+CO 2 2NH 4++CO 32—+H 2O 12．下列关于硅的叙述中，错误的是（ ）A ．硅广泛存在于自然界中，天然单质硅叫硅石B ．晶体硅的结构类似于金刚石，硬度也很大C ．常温下硅很稳定，不能跟强酸、强碱反应D ．含硅的钢具有良好的导磁性和耐酸性13．一定温度下，向aL 密闭容器中加入2mol NO 2(g)，发生如下反应： 2NO 2 2NO+O 2，此反应达到平衡状态的标志是（ ）A ．混合气体的密度不再变化B ．混合气体的颜色变浅C ．混合气体中NO 2、NO 、O 2的物质的量之比为2:2:1D ．单位时间内生成2n mol NO 同时生成2n mol NO 214．用物质的量都是0.1mol 的HCN 和NaCN 混合后配成1L 溶液，已知溶液中的)()(+-<Na c CN c ，下列关系式正确的是（ ）A ．c(H +)>c(OH －)B ．c(HCN)<c(CN －)C ．c(CN －)+c(OH +)=0.1mol·L －1D ．c(HCN)+c(CN －) =0.2mol·L —115．在4L 密闭容器中充入6molA 气体和5molB 气体，在一定条件下发生反应：3A(g)+B(g) 2C(g)+xD(g)，达到平衡时，生成了2molC ，经测定D 的浓度为0.5mol·L －1，下列判断正确的是 （ ）A ．x=1B ．B 的转化率为20%C ．平衡时A 的浓度为1.50mol ·L－1D ．达到平衡时，在相同温度下容器内混合气体的压强是反应前的85%16．某有机物甲经水解可得乙，乙在一定条件下经氧化后可得丙，1mol 丙和2mol 甲反应得一种含氯的酯（C 6H 8O 4Cl 2）。
由此推断有机物丙的结构简式为 （ ）A ．CH 2CHOB ．HOCH 2CH 2OHC ．CH 2COOHD ．COOH17．所有氮的氧化物都能与灼热的铁进行反应生成Fe 3O 3和N 2，4N x O y +3yFe yFe 3O 4+2xN 2。
当一定量的N x O y 通过灼热的铁粉后，粉末质量增加了64g ，而气体体积（相同温度和压强）没有变化，则N x O y 可能是 （ ）A ．N 2OB ．NOC ．N 2O 3D ．NO 218．有一瓶无色气体可能含有CO 2、HBr 、HCl 、SO 2中的一种或几种。
将此气体通入稀氯水中，恰好完全反应，得无色透明溶液，把此溶液分成两份，分别加入盐酸酸化了的BaCl 2溶液和硝酸酸化了的AgNO 3溶液，均出现白色沉淀，以下结论正确的是 （ ）A ．原气体中肯定有SO 2B ．原气体中肯定有HClC ．原气体中肯定没有CO 2D ．原气体中肯定没有HBr第二部分（非选择题 共78分）三、（本题包括2小题，共22分）19．（6分）有一支已经洗净并用待测浓度的NaOH 溶液润洗过的25mL 的碱式滴定管，怎样用它来准确量取25.00mL 的待测浓度的NaOH 溶液，请简述操作过程。
答：在该碱式滴定管中装满待测浓度的NaOH 溶液，把它固定在滴定管夹上。
20．（16分）某工厂的废水中含有FeSO 4、H 2SO 4、Ag 2SO 4、Al 2(SO 4)3及一些污泥。
某研究性学习课题组测定了废水中各物质的含量并查找了溶解度数据，现列表如下：表一 废水中各物质的含量| Cl | Cl|COOH表二FeSO4和Al2(SO4)3在水中的溶解度该课题组根据表中数据，设计了污水处理方案，拟利用该厂的废铁屑（有少量锈斑）、烧碱溶液和硫酸处理此污水，回收FeSO4·7H2O和Ag。
（1）请填写下列空白，完成得到Ag的实验方案：①将有锈斑的废铁屑先后用热的烧碱溶液和热水进行洗涤，目的是；②将工厂废水过滤，用少量水洗涤滤渣，洗涤液并入滤液后保留待用；③，目的是使Ag+全部还原为金属Ag；④，目的是分离出Ag；（2）请写出后续的步骤，除去Al3+，得到比较纯净的FeSO4·7H2O晶体：⑤将第步与第④步所得滤液混合后，加入少量硫酸至混合液的pH为3~4，滤出FeSO4·7H2O晶体；⑥得到较纯净的FeSO4·7H2O晶体。
（3）步骤②中能否用变通自来水洗涤滤渣？（填“能”或“否”），理由是（4）步骤③中有关化学反应的离子方程式是（5）在步聚⑤中，加少量硫酸调整pH的目的是。
四、（本题包括2小题，共18分）21．（9分）已知pH=2的高碘酸（H5IO6）溶液与pH=12的NaOH溶液等体积混合，所得混合液显酸性；0.01mol·L-1的碘酸（HIO3）或高锰酸（HMnO4）溶液与pH=12的NaOH 溶液等体积混合，所得混合液显中性。
请回答下列问题：（1）高碘酸是（填“强酸”或“弱酸”），理由是。
（2）已知高碘酸和硫酸锰（MnSO4）在溶液中反应生成高锰酸、碘酸和硫酸，此反应的氧化剂是，反应的离子方程式可表示为。
22．（9分）物质A~D相互关系如下图，其中A为酸式盐，B为某二价主族金属的化合物，等物质的量的A、B与适量水充分混合能恰好完全反应，常温常压下，C、D均为气态。
反应④和以应⑤分别是工业上生产化合物J和化合物G的重要方法。
（1）C的电子式是，E的化学式是，G的化学式是。
（2）完成下列反应的化学方程式：B+H2O ；C+O2。
（3）A溶液与NaOH溶液反应的离子方程式：。
五、（本题包括2小题，共18分）23．（8分）有机物A、B、C都是仅含C、H、O三种元素的羧酸酯，它们的水解产物分子中全都含有苯环。