新编英语语法教程主要章节语法术语

《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语Introduction: Grammatical Hierarchy (导论—语法层次)

2. Parts of speech (word class)

3. Phrases

词组

4. Clause

分句

5. Sentence

句子

1. Morpheme

词素

Free morpheme 自由词素

Bound morpheme 粘附词素

Allomorph 词素变体

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Adjective phrase

Adverb phrase

Preposition phrase

Conjunction

Lecture 1 Sentence Structure（L1）Sentence elements:

S (subject) 主语V (predicate verb)

谓语动词

O (object)

宾语

C (complement)

补足语

A (Adverbial)

状语

1. Two ways of sentence analysis

1) SVO

Sentence

Clause

NP VP NP

Subject Predicate verb Object

All the man have done their best.

Sentence = Subject + Predicate (Predicate Verb + Object, Complement, Adverbial, etc.)

●句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等。

2) Subject + Predicate (= operator + predication)

Sentence

Clause

Subject Predicate

Operator Predication

All the man have done their best.

●句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为操作词（operator）和述谓成分（predication）。

2. Basic clause types

SVC, SV, SV A, SVO, SVOA, SVOC, SV oO

Lecture 2 Subject-Verb Concord （L2-3）

Guiding principles:

Grammatical Concord Notional Concord Principle of Proximity

语法一致原则意义一致原则就近原则

Nominal clause Non-finite clause Relative clause Cleft sentence Existential clause 名词性分句非限定分句关系分句分裂句存在句Lecture 3 Noun and Noun Phrase（L4-5）

1. Classification of nouns

Partitive (Unit Noun) 单位词 2. Cases of Nouns

Nominative case / Subjective case （主格）

Accusative case / Objective case （宾格 ）

Genitive case （属格 ）/ Possessive case （所有格） Dative case （受事格/与格）

Genitive case

Genitive cases specifying the reference of the noun phrase. Specific reference (特指) Generic reference （类指） Indefinite genitive phrase （非确定特指）

Lecture 4 Determiner （L6-7）

1. Definition

Determiners are function words which are used to determine or fix the reference of a noun.

2. Classification

Independent Genitive

Double Genitive

3.Articles

Article is a major group of determiners used to delimit the scope of reference of nouns (主要用來限定名词的指称范围).

Lecture 5 Pronoun（L8-9）

1. Classification

Antecedent 先行词

2. The use of reflexive pronoun (-self)

3. Pronoun reference (代词照应)

前照应（Anaphoric reference）、后照应(Cataphoric reference)、语境照应(Situational reference)、人称照应(Personal reference)、指示照应(Demonstrative reference)

Lecture 6 Verb and Verb Phrase（L10-22）

1. Classification of verbs

动词分类的标准有很多种，如上图所示，记住基本的术语和其用法就是。比如及物动词、不及物动词、联系动词、助动词、动态动词、静态动词、词组动词、限定动词、非限定动词、不定式，不带to不定式（bare infinitive）等等，还有副词小品词（adverb particle）。

➢Transitive Verbs：followed by objects.

➢Intransitive verbs：do not require an object.

➢Linking verbs：followed by subject compliments.

•SVO主—动—宾(Transitive verb)

•SV oO主—动—宾—宾(Ditransitive verb)【双宾语动词】

•SVOC主—动—宾—补(Monotransitive verb)【单宾语动词】

•SV主—动(Intransitive verb)

•SVC主—动—补(Linking verb)

•This aspect is of essential importance because the verb type here determines the basic sentence structure of your sentence and how you can expand your sentence.

2. Tense and aspects

Tense

Simple present Simple past Simple future Past future Aspect

progressive 现在进行体过去进行体将来进行体过去将来进行体perfective 现在完成体过去完成体将来完成体过去将来完成体

Perfective

现在完成进行体过去完成进行体将来完成进行体过去将来完成进行体progressive

4.Mood

陈述式（Indicative mood）、祈使式（Imperative mood）、虚拟式（Subjunctive mood）

5.Non-finite verbs