2014英语阅读理解专题指导3
2014年上海英语高考分析 3 阅读
高三暑期辅导讲义III阅读(A)2011: Aunt Myrtle’s support2012: Phil White’s around-the-world bicycle trip2013: Amusic2014:Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk,but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may notcall it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly tofool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called theplover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）getsclose to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?2011: Humpback Whales (diagram)2012: SydneyPass (passages + diagram)2013: Warranty of Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product (diagram)2014:Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly thisyear. How do you make that happen? Considerputting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, somethingthat tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there'sa routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brainlearn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use tocreate-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by thedoor, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate whenyou get home from the gym. That way, the cue and thereward become interconnected. Finally, when you see theshoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, whichwill make it easier to work out day after day. The bestpart? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolateat all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself asthe reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the follo wing best fits in the box with a “?”in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order towatch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.2011: Rebury of human remains of ancient settlements2012: Difference in the way men and women respond to stress2013: The robotic fly2014:If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character,______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection C2011: The effect of the size of an organization on communication (NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORD)2012: The age segregation in American society (NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS)2013: The decline in the use of emotional words in writing2014:More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too, they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to______________________________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations _________________ while making profits.。
2014年考研英语一阅读理解第三篇
2014年考研英语一阅读理解第三篇全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The third reading comprehension passage in the 2014 English postgraduate entrance examination is about the relationship between the United States and China. The passage discusses how the US-China relationship has been increasingly shaped by economic interdependence.The passage starts by highlighting the economic ties between the two countries, with China becoming a major trading partner of the US in recent years. It also mentions the economic benefits that both countries have enjoyed from this relationship.However, the passage also points out the tensions and challenges that have arisen as a result of this economic interdependence. It mentions issues such as trade imbalances, intellectual property rights violations, and currency manipulation. The passage highlights how these issues have led to friction and disputes between the two countries.Moreover, the passage discusses the strategic competition between the US and China in the Asia-Pacific region. It mentionshow the US has been seeking to maintain its dominance in the region, while China has been expanding its influence through initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative.The passage concludes by discussing the need for both countries to navigate their complex relationship carefully. It emphasizes the importance of cooperation and dialogue in resolving their differences and building a more stable and peaceful relationship.Overall, the third reading comprehension passage in the 2014 English postgraduate entrance examination provides a comprehensive overview of the US-China relationship, focusing on the economic interdependence and strategic competition between the two countries. It highlights the challenges and opportunities that this relationship presents, and stresses the importance of cooperation and communication in managing their interactions.篇2Title: Analysis of 2014 Postgraduate Entrance Examination English Reading Comprehension Section IIIIn the 2014 postgraduate entrance examination English reading comprehension section III, the passage titled "The Daythe Sun Danced" was presented. The passage describes the phenomenon known as the Miracle of Fatima, which occurred on October 13, 1917, in Fatima, Portugal. The passage recounts the experiences of three shepherd children who claimed to have witnessed the Virgin Mary appear and make prophecies to them.One of the key aspects of this passage is the way it presents the phenomenon of the Miracle of Fatima as a significant event in religious history. The passage describes how thousands of people gathered at the site of the apparitions, expecting to witness a miraculous event. The children's accounts of the events are presented as sincere and credible, adding to the mystique of the story.Furthermore, the passage explores the reactions of various individuals to the events at Fatima. Some spectators were skeptical or dismissive of the children's claims, while others were deeply moved and inspired by the experience. This passage offers insight into the complex ways in which people interpret and respond to extraordinary events, particularly those with religious or spiritual significance.Overall, the 2014 postgraduate entrance examination English reading comprehension section III offers students a thought-provoking glimpse into the phenomenon of the Miracleof Fatima and the various reactions it elicited. By analyzing the text, students can develop a deeper understanding of the role of faith and skepticism in shaping human beliefs and experiences. This passage serves as a valuable opportunity for students to practice their reading comprehension skills while engaging with a compelling historical narrative.篇32014年考研英语一阅读理解第三篇是关于原始人类社会结构的研究的。
2014年考研英语Text3阅读逐句分析
2014年考研英语Text3阅读逐句分析The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as _____.[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] a handsome reward for researchers[D] an example of bankers’ investments单词&词组搭配•string[strɪŋ]（出现2次）n.一串，一系列•lucrative[ˈluːkrətɪv] adj.利润丰厚的•entrepreneur[ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːr] n.企业家，创业者•benefactor[ˈbenɪfæktər] n.捐助者•Fundamental physics（基础物理学）•be far from（远非）•be funded from（由...资助）•draw attention to（吸引..的吸引力）本段翻译诚如亚历山大三月领取年度奖时所言，300万美金的基础物理学奖的确是个有吸引力的尝试。
2014高考英语试卷阅读理解题应考技巧
2014高考英语考点系统：阅读理解题阅读理解题答案与干扰项关系的分析正确的选项往往是命题人员把阅读材料的内容或信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。
一般而言，答案项的设置有以下几种方法：(1) 选用原文中的词句；(2) 使用原文词句的同义词或相似结构；(3) 使用原文词句的反义词或相反结构；(4) 答案项是对生词、长句或难旬的解释；(5) 答案项是对原文词句或段落的归纳、推理或演绎；(6) 使用原文的上下义结构，如用“科学”涵盖“计算机、航天、发明、电子”等概念。
干扰项的设置通常有以下几种方式：1. 张冠李戴命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
以2006年全国卷I第60题“The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City______.”为例。
此题乍看C项“to pay at the cash register”和D项“to have more gas for his car”都对，因为原文中有这么一句“While I Was standing in line at the cash register，I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas”。
很明显作者是停下来付款加油时，偶遇一对老夫妇并问好，似乎选项C和D本身都没错，但题干问的是“作者计划在俄克拉荷马市逗留的原因”，如果考生没有理解题干，就会误选C项或D项。
正确选项应为A项“to visit a friend”。
2. 偷梁换柱干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。
以2006年全国卷I第57题“It can be inferred that greyhounds_______. ”为例。
2014高考英语阅读专题解题技巧与方法指导
高考英语阅读理解专题解题技巧与方法指导一、考试说明对于高考英语阅读理解的要求（略）二、常见的问题提问方式：1. 关于文章主旨和大意的问题此类考题主要针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，一般提问方式如下：1) Which is the best title of the passage?2) Which of the following is this passage about?3) What is the main topic of the passage?4) The subject discussed in this text is _____5) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?6) The passage tells us that______.7) The passage is meant to ______.8) This passage mainly talks about_______.9) The passage is mostly about ____.10) The passage is mainly concerned about ____.11) The general/main idea of the passage is about ____.12) The purpose of this article is to ________.13) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.14) In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.15) The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ________.2. 关于文章事实和细节的问题此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：1)Which of the following is right?2)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?4)Which of the following is Not True in the passage?5)Which of the following is not mentioned?6)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?7)The author mentions all of the following except ______.8)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except ______.9)What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?10)Choose the right order of this passage.11)According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...12)The reason for . . .is________.13)From this passage we know that ________.14)In the passage, the author states that ______.3. 猜测词义的问题此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。
2014 中考英语阅读理解技巧
Homework
1. 多做阅读练习。
2.熟记阅读方法和技巧。
Your Advice is welcome
Success’s ahead!
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us of an interesting phrase（短语）， one is “to let the cat out of the bag”. it is the same as “to tell the secret”. Now when someone lets out（泄漏） a secret， he “lets the cat out of the bag”.
阅读理解基础训练
Basic Training
---主旨大意题
（课前预习）主旨大意题
Q : Which of the following do you
think is the best title for the passage?
A. The sun's energy .
B. Plants. C. Food Chains. D. Living Things.
词义猜测1
1. 根据定义或解释猜词：
Q：The phrase “to let the cat out
of the bag” means he_____. A. make everyone know a secret √B. the woman buy a cat C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag
主旨大意1
Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form(形成) a food chain (链条). Some food chains are simple, while others are not. But all food chains begin with the sun, and all food chains become broken up（中断）if one of the links（连锁物）disappears.
2014年中考英语阅读分析
2014年中考试卷阅读分析Part 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分读写)阅读A★阅读四选一SECTION 解题秘籍五种题型：1. 细节理解题☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位到☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断☆干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反，不符，未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容2.词义辨析题猜词秘籍：I 构词法前缀：dis, un, im, in 后缀：ful,less 词根：spect, audi, visII 上下文III 旧词新意现象3. 推理判断题（不要自行推理+过度推理）☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断4. 是非判断题Which of the following is (Not) True?Which of the following descriptions about… is right?(13崇明)78.Which of the following is NOT true according to the third paragraph?A) Boys and girls were kept in different classes at schools.B) Students learned Aztec history, myths, and rituals at school.C) Boys and girls both received intensive military training.D) Students had to have good memory because they had no textbooks.Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. Boys and girls used to attend school, but they were kept in different classes. They learned Aztec history, myths, and rituals, but they memorized (记住) everything because there weren’t any textbooks. The boys received intensive military training, and the girls learned how to manage the home and the family. There were two kinds of schools: one for children of rich families and another for children of ordinary families.5. 主旨大意题（Best title）☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿Sally: an animal doctorWhat’s the worst thing that’s ever happened in your job?Probably the dog that bit me. It wasn’t a big one - I don’t mind the big ones.The small ones are the worst. It gave me a very nasty bite.Have you ever done any other jobs?Yes, I did different kinds of jobs when I was a student. One summer I didfruit-picking in Spain.What’s the worst job you’ve ever done?In order to improve my English, I worked for a rich family in New York. I never had a day off and I had to do everything – cooking, cleaning, shopping- and look after their horrible children. I left after two weeks and managed to get a job as a waitress in an Italian restaurant.Leo: an actorWhat’s the worst thing that’s ever happened in your job?So many bad things have happened-but I think my worst moment was when I read my first bad review in the newspaper. They wrote terrible things about me, and I was so upset. After that I didn’t read my reviews anymore.Have you ever done any other jobs?Oh yes, it’s hard to make a living as an actor. So I’ve done lots ofpart-time jobs over the years. For example, I’ve worked in a shop,sold ice cream at the beach and handed out publicity flyers in the street.What’s the worst job you’ve ever done?The worst job I’ve ever done was at an egg-packing factory. Working conditions are terrible-you stand for hours at the end of a belt, putting eggs into boxes. You can’t have a break, and if you want to go to the toilet, you have to ask for permission. And worst of all, the smell was terrible- I’ve never eaten an egg since then.54.The underlined word “one” refers to “__________”.A)dog B) bite C) event D) job解析：答案选A。
2014高考英语阅读理高分技巧讲义
2014高考英语阅读理解题的解题思路一、解的十个特征：1、体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解2、照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解3、含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more orless relatively be likely to含义绝对的不是解：must always never the most all any none entirely含义相反的是解4、具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解5、带有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain6、简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解7、带虚词的解：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough8、“变化”是解：change delay improve postpone increase9、“重要的、基础的”是解：important necessity essential basisbe based on10、二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路1.主旨题－中心思想①Main idea －what is the main idea / point of this passage?②Main topic －what is the main topic / subject / title?③Purpose －what is the author’s main purpose in the passage?对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多为概括性的选项2.细节性问题①Accroding－考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件等细节问题。
【备战2014】2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练(3)及解析
2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（3）及解析C2In my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (开花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight－mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom (忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch). In case you don't know, poke greens are a weed－type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one－and－only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph.D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.61．“Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________．A. a program directed by DorothyB. a course given by the authorC. an activity held by the studentsD. an organization sponsored by Union College62．In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing ________．A. the long trackB. the poor housesC. the same trainD. the winding road63．Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by ________．A. a warm welcomeB. the sight of poke greensC. Dorothy's latest projectsD. a big dinner made for her64．What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?A. She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.B. She got a pen as a gift from the author.C. She passed the required assessment.D. She received her Ph.D. degree.65．What does the author mainly intend to tell us?A. Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.B. Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.C. However poor you are, you have the right to education.D. Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.【要点综述】Dorothy在一所条件非常差的学校获得了很大的成功，这说明一个人获得成功与他在什么地方没有直接关系，最重要的是要付出努力。
2014考研英语阅读真题 Text 3(英语二)
2014 Text 3（英语⼆）⼈与机器The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.⼈与机器的概念⾄少与⼯业⾰命⼀样古⽼，但在经济低迷和脆弱的复苏期间，这种现象往往最为明显。
然⽽，如果认为我们现在只是在经历繁荣和萧条周期的痛苦⼀⾯，那将是错误的。
某些⼯作已经永远消失了，被机器淘汰了。
由于技术对吞噬⼈类⼯作如此贪得⽆厌，这种现象将继续以我们⽆法⽴即预⻅的⽅式重组我们的经济。
When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.当技术的价格和性能迅速提⾼时，曾经被认为不受⾃动化影响的⼯作突然受到威胁。
2014中考英语阅读理解系列训练(3)及参考答案
2014中考英语阅读理解系列训练（3）及参考答案本集精品侧重缤纷自然篇阅读理解，同时穿插了历年的期中、期末、竞赛、模拟、联考、真题试卷中的阅读理解，有参考答案，有的有详细解析，具有参考价值，欢迎下载使用。
本精品共36页。
第3章实战演练--Section I--缤纷自然篇阅读理解材料浩如烟海，中考英语复习，时间短，任务重。
为了能让同学们脱离题海，更加省时省力地提高自己的阅读理解能力，我们特意选编了一些题材新颖、质量上乘的阅读材料。
这些材料内容丰富，趣味性强，无论是在设计上，还是在难度上，都与中考英语试题相当。
“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”。
完成这些短文及题目之后，再做中考阅读理解题，就一定能驾轻就熟，游刃有余。
【缤纷自然篇】-1We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded. When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration (迁移) is probably the migration of fish, which is called “salmon”. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move downto the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.Recently (近来), scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龙虾). Every year,when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walkacross the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at othertimes we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.1.Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to _______.A.give birthB. enjoy warmer weatherC. find food more easilyD. find beautiful places2.The fish called “salmon” spends a long time in ______.A. salt waterB. riversC. fresh waterD. its birthplace3.The mice in northern Europe move when _______.A. they give birthB. the place gets too crowdedC. the weather is badD. they haven’t enough food4.The lobsters move ________.A. to the fresh waterB. at a certain timeC. to the underseaD. to find more food5.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Animals move to find food more easily.B.The migration of the fish called “salmon” is the most famous migration.C.Living things move from one place to another because they like to travel.D. Sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another, but sometimes we don’t.【答案与解析】这篇短文讲述了某些生物的迁移这一自然现象，并分析了迁移的原因。
2014届中考英语语法复习导学案：题型专题探究 阅读理解3
A．The indoor air pollution is common in cities.
B．We needn't worry about the outside pollution.
（4）复读核查
试答完各题之后，再读一遍短文，瞻前顾后地逐一核对答案。在这一步，应该充分利用和注意到各题目之间的相互关联或对应，要着力抓住起决定作用的关键题目。关键题目正确与否会引起连锁反应，影响到读者对整篇文章的理解与把握。因此，切莫忽视这一点。
【例2】（2011湖南长沙中考）
When Oakland High School in California moved into a new building，the students and teachers noticed a strong smell.Then almost half of the students began to have a headache and a cough. Experts（专家）came to find the cause of the sickness.Finally，they discovered that the air in the building was not safe to breathe.They were surprised to find out that the desks and chairs in the school library caused the trouble.These
51．Many students and teachers ______ after they moved into the new building.
2014 高三英语阅读理解专题练习 附答案
2014 高三英语阅读理解专题一、推理判断要求读者根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性。
注意：不是读者主观认为合理的结论，也不是文章已提供的明显的事实。
表示推断的常用词语有：infer, conclude, suggest, indicate, mean, intend, imply, likely, probably, attitude, purpose.（一）细节推断题细节推断题属于深层理解题。
做此类题目关键要理解相关句子的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
1. Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声) when Ms. Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.What can be inferred from the Paragraph?A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates‟ speech.B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates‟ ways of teaching.C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.D. Most people had little interest in the reunion2. It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama‟s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliantly(精彩地) written book”．However，he then went on to talk about Mr.Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.How did the author find his friend a book liar?A．By judging his manner of speaking. B．By looking into his background.C．By mentioning a famous name. D．By discussing the book itself.3. We shouldn‟t blame technology for our shortcomings. Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings. People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more help ful if we‟d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．We should applaud good behavior. B．Technology can never be blamed.C．We should keep pointing out mistakes. D．Technology will take over our lives one day.（二）. 因果关系推断题要求根据已知原因推测导致可能结果，“前因后果”；要求根据已知结果推测可能的原因，“前果后因”此类题目的题干中会出现because (of), in that, now that, why, reason等标志性词汇。
2014中考英语分题型指导：阅读理解
2014中考英语分题型指导：阅读理解导语：阅读理解是英语考试必考题型，主要用于检验学生英语的综合水平和解题能力的高低。
每年中考英语试卷中有4篇阅读理解文章，内容包括社会热点新闻、科普史地、应用说明、生活故事、名人轶事等。
试题形式为选择题或根据短文内容书面回答问题。
>>更多2014中考分题型指导：听力、阅读理解、写作那么，到底如何在复习中提高阅读效率，并正确解题呢？随着社会要求和教学要求的提高，生词和结构较为复杂的长句、难句在短文中和题目中经常出现、没有过关的语言知识，学生很难领会文章，审清题意。
因此，扎实的基础知识、善于处理词汇、牢固掌握教学考纲中要求的各个语法项目、通过分析句子结构辨别意群及正确理解结构复杂的长句均是做好阅读理解的要素。
正确处理原文、题干、正确答案项和干扰项之间的关系，能使自己的思路和文章作者思路相一致，才能较容易地把握文章的主旨大意、结构脉络、作者的语气态度，人物的性格特征、事情的来龙去脉，使顺利解题水到渠成。
当前的阅读理解选材越来越注重现代化、多样化、知识化和生活化，内容贴近生活，蕴涵着丰富的世界各国文化背景知识，具有强烈的时代感和交际性，常常从不同侧面反映了现前人们的思想意识、生活情趣和对人、对自然的态度及与世界的交流，就体裁而言，也涉及到记叙文、应用文、说明文等多种文体。
只有通过大量阅读不同题材和体裁的短文，才能不断增强快速捕捉、掌握信息的准确度，也能提高面对较长篇幅阅读材料的心理承受能力。
比较好的阅读理解方法是：初读文章--看题目--查读文章找依据--初定答案--三看文章找细节--推敲答案--四读文章--终定答案，其中综合了略读、跳读和查读等阅读技巧。
在第一遍阅读时，可用略读或跳读的方式阅读全文，不必注意细节或具体事实，只求对文章有一个总体印象，了解中心思想和作者的基本观点，记住文中的信息方位。
接着，浏览题目再读文章，可以带着题目有的放矢地在文中圈圈划划、做标记，查找解答题目的依据，避免毫无目的地通读文章，许多局部性题目都可以通过原文中的一两句话直接找到答案。
2014江苏高考——阅读理解指导(精讲精析)
阅读理解解题指导阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。
下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。
一、主旨大意题此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。
一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括，提问方式一般是：What is the text mainly about?/What is the main idea of the text/ the second paragraph?；另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题，其提问方式一般是：What can be the best title for the text?阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
有时候，文章或段落中没有明确的主题句，需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。
同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。
此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。
如：(2013 江苏卷B篇)We’ve considered several ways o f paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).60. The passage is meant to .A. justify paying for faster servicesB. discuss the morals of allocating thingsC. analyze the reason for standing in lineD. criticize the behavior of queue jumping解析：文章主要阐述了两种不同的分配方式，即传统的waiting for your turn和市场竞争中出现的paying a price for faster service。
2014年英语二阅读text3解析
2014年英语二阅读text3解析【Introduction】在2014年的英语二考试中，Text3是一篇阅读理解文章，本文将对这篇阅读材料进行全面解析，帮助考生更好地理解文章内容，为考试备考提供指导。
【Background Information】首先，我们需要了解一些背景信息，Text3是一篇关于科技创新与社会反应的文章。
文章主要讨论了新技术发展对大众生活造成的影响并探讨了大众文化与科技之间的矛盾与互动关系。
【Text Analysis】文章的第一部分主要介绍了新技术对人们日常生活的影响。
作者列举了一系列科技创新的例子，包括互联网、智能手机、社交媒体等。
这些新技术的出现使得人们的生活更加便利和高效。
然而，作者同时指出了一个问题，随着科技的发展，人们变得越来越依赖这些新技术，影响了人们的社交互动和思考能力。
接下来，文章转向讨论了大众的反应。
作者认为大众社会对新科技有着矛盾的反应。
一方面，人们对新技术的便利性和创新性感到兴奋和欣赏。
另一方面，人们也对新技术对社交关系和个人隐私的侵犯感到担忧。
文章举例说明了社交媒体对人们社交行为和隐私的影响。
这种矛盾情绪反映了大众对新技术的复杂态度。
在最后一部分，文章谈到了大众文化与科技之间的互动关系。
作者认为大众文化既受新技术的塑造，又推动了新技术的发展。
作者列举了一些例子，说明了新技术对音乐、电影和游戏等娱乐文化的影响。
同时，作者也指出了新技术对大众文化创作和传播的便利性。
这种互动关系推动了大众文化和科技的共同发展。
【Conclusion】通过对2014年英语二阅读Text3的解析，我们可以看到这篇文章探讨了科技创新与社会反应之间的复杂关系。
新技术的出现对人们生活方式的影响不断加深，大众对此保持着矛盾的态度。
同时，科技和大众文化之间也展现了一个互动的过程。
理解这种关系对于我们更好地把握科技发展的方向以及社会的变迁具有重要意义。
考生们在备考过程中应注重培养对科技发展的理解和社会反应的分析能力。
2014考研英语阅读真题 Text 3(英语一)
2014 Text 3（英语⼀）The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March.正如今年三⽉Alexander Polyakov领取本年度的基础物理学奖所说，美国三百万美元的基础物理学奖的确是⽉项令⽉觉得有趣的试验。
And it is far from the only one of its type.⽉且这种类型的奖项可不⽉只有基础物理学奖。
As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrativeawards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.正如《⽉然》杂志的⽉篇新闻专题⽉章论述，近年来，⽉系列给研究者设⽉的利益丰厚的奖项能与诺⽉尔奖相媲美。
Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from thetelephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.许多奖项，⽉如基础物理学奖，其资⽉来⽉于互联⽉企业家们如电话号码⽉度般的巨额银⽉存款。
These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.这些捐助者在他们各⽉的领域很成功，他们说，⽉且他们想⽉他们的财富让⽉们注意到那些科学领域的有所成功的⽉。
14年3A阅读理解
14年3A阅读理解Direction:This part is to test your reading ability.There are 4 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the material carefully and do the tasks as you are required.Task 1Direction: After reading the following passage， you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements，numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A)，B)，c) or D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Marketing by email is on the increase. Compared to other media，email messages are extremely cheap to send.ith T，you are spending on ad agencies and cable channels. With print ads，you are helping to keep newspapers and magazines alive. Direct mail costs more than $600 per thousand piece. With email，there are almost no costs at all. Its low cost makes email marketing become the most cost-effective (划算的)advertising method available today.With TV, you do not know who is watching your ads. Even withdirect mail，you cannot be sure that your mail has been delivered,or that anyone reads it when it gets there. With email，you know within 24 hours exactly which messages have opened,by whom,what links the openers clicked on,and what part of your messages was working.Because of electronic links,those who open your emails can do their ownresearch: they can explore and see any of the thousands of products that yousell. They can see the colors and sizes.They can，and they do，read ratingsand reviews. They can put products in their shopping carts and buy them.36. Email marketing has become the most cost-effective advertising methodbecause .A)it is of extremely low costB) it is a new marketing methodC) it is popular with young peopleD) it is the best marketing method available37. By saying“with print ads，you are helping to keep newspapers and magazines alive”(Para. 1)，the writer means that .A) your investment is important to newspapers and magazinesB) your ads are helping newspapers and magazines surviveC) print ads are more attractive than Tv and email adsD) print matters are less expensive than emails。
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2014英语阅读理解专题指导3 难度值：较难 推荐度：★ ★ ★ ★ ★Yawning sends out certain messages -either “Oh ，this movie is so boring” or “I probably need to get some sleep”. But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is overheated?A new study, le d by a research team at Princeton University, has indicated that yawning could be the brain’s natural way of regulating temperature. People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com.The research team did an experiment on 160 people, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. The study found that people yawned more often in winter than in summer. Scientists say that when the air temperature is lower outside the body, there is heat exchange between the overheated brain and the cool air. But when the air temperature is higher than or equal to the body, people are less likely to yawn because the hot air they breathe in will make the brain even hotter.When people yawn, their jaw is also stretched ，which increases blood flow and may also help cool the brainThe study showed that the amount someone yawned could be related to the amount of time they spent outside. The longer they spent outside in summer, the less they yawned. Nearly 40 percent of participants yawned within their first five minutes outside, but after that the percentage was reduced to less than 10 percent.However, the result was the opposite in winter. The number of people who yawned increased when they spent more than five minutes outdoors. But the change was only slight compared to summertime.According to Gallup, this is the first report to show that yawning frequencies change depending on season. This could help us to understand better the way our brains work. It may also help us understand the reason why frequent yawning can sometimes be a sign of brain disease.47. The purpose of the experiment is ______.A. to prove people yawn in winter and in summer equallyB. to indicate brain can regulate temperature naturallyC. to find the f requency of people’s yawningD. to show the real reason why people yawn48. The information we get from Paragraphs 5 and 6 is that ______.A. longer outdoor summertime results in more yawnsB. yawning frequency changes with outdoor timeC. yawning frequency increases with outdoor timeD. longer outdoor wintertime leads to fewer yawns49. According to the text ，people yawn more often ______.A, when the air temperature is lower outside the body B. when the hot air breathed in makes the brain hotterC. when the air temperature is higher than the bodyD. when the air temperature is equal to the body50. What could be the best title for the text?A. Yawning Is A Sign of Brain DiseaseB. Yawning Carries Some InformationC. Yawning Benefits Your BodyD. Yawning Cools Your Brain【图式导读】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍打哈欠可以帮助人们冷却发热的头脑的科学话题；并就此一话题引出的一项研究与实验；最后得出结论与意义。
2013高二英语阅读理解专题指导3【解析】47.细节理解题。
较易。
根据关键词“experiment”定位第三段。
细读第一句，由其中的to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures可知这是引出实验的目的为：：想测试这些人在不同温度的空气中打哈欠的频率。
选项C项to find the frequency of people’s yawning中frequency为how often的同义转换。
其余三项均不符合。
【解题技巧】不定式常为细节理解题型的出题点。
321448. 推理判断题。
中等。
四个选项都直接或间接地在讲yawning frequency与outdoor time的关系。
详读第五段第1-2句研究表明，人们打哈欠的程度可能与在户外停留的时间有关系。
夏天时，他们在户外呆的时间越长，打哈欠的次数越少。
）再读第6段：However, the result...（而在冬天，结果却完全相反。
当……打哈欠的次数就会增加。
跟相天相比只有一些较小的变化。
）首先确定：the amount someone yawned打哈欠的程度=打哈欠的次数。
其次，这两段的中心意思为第五段第一句与第六段的结合：人们打哈欠的次数可能与在户外停留的时间有关系，且夏天和冬天是不一样的。
【解题思路】推断题的解题指导思想为：以文字信息为依据，立足语篇，据实推理。
49.推理判断题。
中等。
题干为：根据文章，……（时候）人们通常打哈欠的次数会更多。
四个选项中，A、C、D选项分别为“当空气温度”与身体温度“低”或“高”或“相同”时。
B选项表示“当吸入的热空气致使大脑更热时”。
根据选项关键词“air temperature”结合题干关键词“yawn”回览文章第2段。
根据“立足文字，据实推理”的原则，得出A为正确答案，从文字上可以看作是最后一句话的反推。
【干扰项排除】C、D项与原文相反。
而立足全文，B项含义与文中思想相悖，故亦为错误项。
50.主旨大意题。
较易。
全文为科普说明文。
根据说明文的结构安排的特点，本文首段便引出了主题即科普话题为：a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is overheated（打哈欠还有助于人们冷却发热的大脑），下文为围绕这一话题展开的研究与实验，文章的最后得出结论并指出报告的意义。
为说明文的一种典型的行文顺序。
另外，转折处常为设题点，这里but后为本段的叙述重点，即本文即将展开说明的科学话题。
D项为主题句的同义说法，因此为正确答案。
1. People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com.【翻译】根据Sciencedaily. com.网站的说法，当户外温度低于体温时，人们通常会频繁地打哈欠，而当体温高于户外温度时，则打哈欠的次数会降低。
【分析】本句but后省略了主语people。
为了表达简炼，两个并列分句的相同部分通常可以省略。
前后两个分句中均含有一个由when引导的时间状语从句。