现在完成时的被动语态
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现在完成时的被动语态
have been done是现在完成时的被动语态结构。
现在完成时被动语态用法是高考的重要考点,学习时候应该注意下列几点:
一、掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成
现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/ have been done使用has been done时主语为单数,使用have been done时主语为复数。如:
This book has bee n tran slated into many Ian guages.这本书已被译为多国语言。His bikes have been sold out.他的自行车已都卖完了。
二、理解现在完成时被动语态的概念现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作,它有两层意思:
1)动作已经完成,强调对现在造成的影响或结果:
2)主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。如:
Our classroom has been cleaned, you needn't clean it now. 我们的教室已经被打扫过,你现在没必要再打扫了。
These flowers have bee n watered, you can go home这些花已经被浇水了,你可以回家了。
三、现在完成时被动语态的用法
1、用于不知道动作执行者是谁时
His bike has been stole n.他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是被谁偷的)
2、用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时
Not a book in the library has bee n taken away.图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书,泛指)
3、用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时
My watch has been repaired .我的表修好了。(表修好了是谈话的主旨,是谁修好无关紧要。不必提及)
4、用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时
Eno ugh has bee n said here on this question关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了。(意思是说:大家不要再说了)
5、用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中(常用省略助动词be的被动语态)
Road Blocked. 道路已被堵塞(新闻报道,省略了助动词has been)
6、用于动作的执行者不是人时
The house has bee n washed away by the storm那栋房子已被暴风雨冲走了。
7、用于商务书信中书信起草人是以公司名义时
Your letter has bee n received.来信已收到。
四、掌握现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换。
从现在完成时被动语态结构has/ have been don可以看出has/ have为助动词,因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于has/have来完成。构成
否定句时直接在has/have后面加not,构成一般疑问句时直接在has/ have后面加not,构成一般疑问句时将has/ have提前,如:
Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗?
His homework hasn ' t been finishftlK家庭作业还没有写完。
The blackboard has bee n clea ned, hasn 黑板已经察过了,是吗?
一. 结构:现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,
即“ have + been + 动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构:
1. 主动句:He has repaired the machine for two hours. (他修理这台机器已有两小时了)
被动句:The machine has been repaired for two hours. (这台机器已修了两小时了)
2. 主动句:The teacher has borrowed the books. (老师把那些书
借走了)
被动句:The books have been borrowed by the teacher. (那些书被老师借走了)
二. 用法:现在完成时被动语态结构常用于以下两种情况:
(1 )主谓关系被动,而且谓语动作从过去一直延续到现在;
(2 )主谓关系被动,而且谓语动作发生在过去,但已对现在造成影响或结果。
例如:Recently the price of TV sets has been cut (近来电视机降价了)
Have the letters been
posted? (信已经寄出去了吗)?
三. 现在完成时主动句和被动句之间的转换:如果要将现在完成时的主动句转换成被动
句,则要把其宾语变为主语,谓语动词变为被动结构,主语变为由介词引导的状语或直接
将其省略;反之,如果要把被动句变为主动句,则恢复其原来的主语,谓语动词套用主动
结构。
例如:1. 主动句:They have asked him some questions. (他们问了他一些问题)
被动句:He has been asked some questions. (他被问了一些问题)
2. 主动句:He has eaten the cake. (他把蛋糕吃了)
被动句:The cake has been eaten by him. 蛋糕被他吃了)
3.
主动句: Someone has set fire to the house 那房子) 被动句: The house has been set fire to. 被人放火烧了) 4. 主动句: We haven't heard from her since then. 我们就
没收到过她的来信)
被动句: She hasn't been heard from since then.
她就没来过信) 例如: Many of the world's greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.
(世界上许多伟大的城市都是依河而建的)
St Petersburg has also been the center of many important events in history. 圣彼得堡也是历史上许多重大事件的中心
有人曾放火烧了 ( 那房子已
(从那时候起, 从那时候起,