主谓一致的基本原则

主谓一致的基本原则

主谓一致有以下三条原则：

1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。

例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful．

2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。

1.The people in that country are fighting for independence．

2.The crowd deeply respect their leader．

3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time．3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如：

Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy．

Either ..or …

2．主谓一致的用法

根据以上三条原则，主谓一致有如下用法：

1)下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式

a．表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：

1.Two hundred miles is a long distance．

2.Ten dollars is a high price for that book．b．由anyone，anything，anybody，no one，nothing，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，each，either，neither等不定代词作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。例如：

1.Someone is knocking at the door．

2.Anything is better than going to the movie tonight．

c．由“a series of，a kind of，a portion of +名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：

A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week．

d．由“many a，more than one +单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例如：

Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break．

There is more than one answer to your question．

e．“名词+and+名词”作主语，表示同一人、同一概念或事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

A writer and educator is giving a lecture now．(这个人既是作家又是教育家)

A writer and a educator

f．"either (neither) + of +复数名词(或代词)"作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

1.If either of you takes a vacation now，we will not be able to finish the work．

2.Neither of them wants to come．

g．在each…and each…，every…and every…等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

Each man and each woman has the right to vote．h．动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：

What I want to say is none of your business．Listening to the classical music is enjoyable．i．以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如

politics(政治学)，mathematics(数学)，

statistics(统计学)，acoustics(声学)，

linguistics(语言学)等，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Mathematics is what he majors in．

2)下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of

后的名词。(意义一致)

a．由“a11，none，no，most，half，the last，the rest，the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：

None of the food is wasted．

None of the students were absent．

The rest of the lecture was dull．

The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday．b．由"lots of，heaps of，loads Of，scads of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：

Lots of work is to be done this week.

Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon．There is loads of milk on the farm．

There are loads of big red apples on the ground．There is heaps of fun．

c．由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。例如：

Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.