东财 《大学英语 1》第一单元 课堂笔记
大学英语全新版第一册备课笔记Unit1-6
大学英语全新版第一册备课笔记Unit1-6 Unit 1 Growing UpBeautiful Boy) and ask questions.a.What does Lennon think of growing up? Is it easy or full of adventures?--Life becomes better as one grows up; it takes time to grow up; life is not always what one has planned, but is full of surprises; life is not easy; life is adventurous.2. The art of eating spaghetti.3. Why did Russell Baker enjoy writing ―The Art of Eating Spaghetti‖?4. Look at the title of Text A, then find out in which paragrapha similar phrase appears. Read that paragraph carefully and explain in your own words what the author mean by saying ―write for myself‖. (para. 5)1. Ask students to circle all the time words, phrases and clauses in Text A.2. Turn to Text OrganizationII. Cultural background1. Grade schools in the U. S.2. What American teachers wear in school:3. Spaghetti and the proper way of eating it:III. Language Study1.possibility: state of being possible; (degree of) likelihood (usu. Followed by that-clauseof of )--Is there any possibility of life on Mars / my becoming yourfriends?--They haven’t arrived. There is a possibility that they have taken the wrong road.2.associate (with): join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind--We associate Egypt with pyramids.--I can’t associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written. 3.anticipate: expect (usu. Followed by gerund or that-clause)--What do you anticipate from me / the college / the college English?--They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2002.4.reputation: opinion held by others--Premier Zhu Rongji has a high reputation as a statesman in the world.--Jim Kerry has quite a reputation for being Comic.5.inspire:--What the doctors and nurses did inspired people to fight against the SARS.--The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.6.rigid: fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules--If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.--What do you have in your minds when thinking of a rigid teacher? Do you want me to be a rigid teacher?--The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days.7.severe: 1) completely plain--wear a severe black dress--Earnest Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.2) stern, strict--Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.--Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.--The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.--A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.8.tackle: deal with--Toshiba recently designed a robot that ca tackle almost any kinds of housework.--The classroom was quiet as students were busy tackling the final exam.9.recall: bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun / gerund, or that-clause) --I recognize the face but can’t recall her name.--I don’t recall ever meeting her.10.argument: disagreement, quarrel--The bride and her mother got into an argument / argued about whether to wear white or red on her wedding day.--Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.11.violate: act against--Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations.--A country isn’t respected if i t violates and international agreement./doc/42d83ff79ec3d5bbfc0a740a.htm l pose: write or create (music, poetry, etc.)--John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son.--The president’s speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else?composition13.avoid: keep or get away from (usu. Followed by noun / gerund)--The little boy who had broken a neighbor’s window ran away t avoid punishment / being punished.--He stayed away from the cafe so that he could avoid running into his former girl friend.14.take hold: become established--The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families.--Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.15.off and on / on and off: from time to time, now and again; irregularly--It has been raining on and off for a week. That’s why the clothes feel damp.--doze off and on16.turn out: produce--New computers are soon outdated since newer models are turned out constantly.--American film studios turn out hundreds of films every year.turn in: hand in (work that one has done, etc.)--For your final grade, each of you must turn in 7-page paper.17.face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty)--Now that your daughter is born, you’ll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.--If you fail to the CET-4, how can you face up to it?18.put down: write down--The housekeeper put down the daily expenses in a little notebook.--I’ll put down your performances in the class as a part of your final evaluation.19.what’s more: in addition, more importantly--How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and what’s more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months!20.hold back: prevent the expression of (feelings tears, etc.)--People could hardly hold back their anger when they found that millions of dollars of public funds had been used to build luxurious houses for city officials.IV. Text Analysis1.Grammatical structures: sb. / sth. is said / believed / reported to do / be2.Writing strategy in Theme-related Language Learning Tasks (referred to T ext Analysis)3.Synonymous words or phrases in the text (see Text Analysis).1.Think alone: According to Mr. Fleagle, what is the very essence of the essay?--The essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.2.Check and discuss the rest of the after-text exercises.3.Text B.4.Theme-related Language Learning Tasks in class.Unit 2 Friendship1.Let the students listen to the song That’s What Friends are For.a.What is a fair weather friend?--one who is happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives.b.According to the song, what are friends for?--for both good times and bad times.2.Survey—do you often write letters to friends?Sometimes we put off writing letters because we think letters can wait until other matters are dealt with, or because we think a phone call will do instead. But sometimes, as you are to find in this text, we may leave it too late to write, and letters are the best in expressing our innermost feelings.1.Find out how many questions the narrator asked the cabbie and what were the latter’sresponses.2.Questions for the students:a.At first, did you mistake Ed for the writer of this letter, like the storyteller did?b.When did you realize your mistake?c.Which round of question-and-answer leads to the mistake? (the second round)3.Point out that a surprising ending is sometimes adopted in stories.II. Text Organization.III. Cultural background: HalloweenHalloween is celebrated annually. It is on the night of 31 October, when people once believed that ghost could be seen. Now, in Britain and America, it is a time when children have parties, dress up as witches, make lanterns out of pumpkins from which the inside has been removed, and play ―trick or treat‖.Trick or treat is a traditional activity at Halloween. Children dress in costumes and visit houses. At each house they say ―Trick or tre at‖. This means that they will play a ―trick‖, or joke, on the people in the house unless they are given a ―treat‖, e.g. sweets or money. Most people prefer to give treats rather than having tricks played on them.IV. Language Study.1.available: able to be used, had, or reached--We have already used up all the available money.--Is that book available in our library?2.estimate: form a judgement about (a quantity or value)--How much do you estimate you will spend each month?--I estimated that the total cost for the treatment of the disease will go from $5,000 to $8,000.3.correspondence: 1) the act of writing, receiving or spending letters (不可加s, 但可加a,often followed by with + n.)--His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.2) the letters that sb. receives or sends (不可数)--Mary really never mentions her step-mother in her correspondence.4.practically: almost--he’d known the old man for practically ten years.--It is practically impossible for him to give up smoking.5.urge: try very hard to persuade urge sb. to do sth. / urge that-clause(虚拟语气should)--They urged the local government to approve plans for their reform programme.--I urged my cousin to take a year off to study drawing.--Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System.6.postpone: delay, put off7.reference: 1) make reference to:--It was strange that he made no reference to any work experience in his resume.His recent book makes reference to the political events of those days.2) the act of looking at sth. for information--Use the dictionary for easy refernce.--Keep their price list for further reference.8.absolutely: totally and completely--Funding is absolutely necessary if research is to continue.--It is absolutely important to strengthen your word power.9.mostly: almost all; generally--They have invested their money mostly in expensive real estate.--The guests at the wedding party are mostly friends of the bride.10.awful: (infml;) very great; very bad or unpleasant--I have got an awful lot of work to do.--I can’t bear the awful smell of cigarette smoke.11.destination: the place to which sb. is going or being sent--Singapore is still our most popular holiday destination.--Only half of the emergency supplies have reached theirdestination because of bad weather.12.be lost in / lose oneself in: be absorbed in, be fully occupied with--He was lost in playing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room.--I had lost myself in thought.13.or something: used when you are not sure about what you have just said--The air fare was a hundred and ninety-nine pounds or something.--Here’s some money. Get yourself a sandwich or something / or something like that.14.go ahead (with + n.): continue, begin--The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.--Henry will be late but we will go ahead with the meeting anyway.15.know / learn by heart: memorize, remember exactly--You have to know all the music by heart if you want to be a concert pianist.--The pupils are required to learn a classic pome by heart every day.16.may / might as well: (means that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it.)--Anyway, you’re here; you might as well stay.--The post office is really busy—we’ll have to queue for ages to get served. We might as well go home.17.not much of a: not a good--Some people may think that doing housework for others isnot much of a career.--He is not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor.18.kind of (AmE)/ sort of(BrE): a little bit, in some way or degree--She wasn’t beautiful. But she was kind of cute.--The boy’s description kind of gives us an idea of what’s happening.19.on one’s mind: in one’s though t--Dealings on the stock market have been on his mind all the time.--What’s on your mind now.--Your life and study are always on your parents’ minds.20.keep in touch with, lose touch with--The old man kept in touch with his children while living in a nursing home./doc/42d83ff79ec3d5bbfc0a740a.htm l e up: 1) happen, occur, esp. unexpectedly--―Sorry, I am late—something came up at home.‖2) be mentioned or discussed--The term ―Project Hope‖ has come up a lot re cently in the newspapers.22.hang out: 1) stay in or near a place, for no particular reason, not doing very much--I often hung out in coffee bars while I was unemployed.--We can just hang out and have a good time.--Where do you often hang out in the weekends?23.every now and then: sometimes, at times--every now and then some teachers have a desire to quit their tedious job.24.choke up: become too upset to speak--When he learned the news of his friend’s sudden death, he was so choked up that he couldn’t say a thing.25.right away: (infml) at once--I wrote him a letter and posted it right away.V. Text Analysis.1.Find out misleading sentences in the text.2.Check and discuss the rest of the after-text exercises.3.Text B.4.Theme-related Language Learning Tasks in class.Unit 3 Understanding Science1. Let the students listen to the recording and ask questions.a.What makes Hawking’s achievements so remarkable?--The contrast between the strength of his mind and the weakness of his body.2. Write down some scientific and technological discoveries that have changed or will change the way people live.3. Point at the discoveries and ask ―In what ways do these discoveries change our lives for the better / worse?‖--Television provides people with quick and easy access to information, education, entertainment, etc., but it also exposes children to violence, deprive families of time and the will to communicate with each other, etc…5.Conclusion: The same scientific and technological discovery can bring us good things and bad things. According t o Stephen Hawking, author of this text, it’s up to us to make changes head towards changing our lives for the better. If you turn to the Language Sense Enhancement, youwill find …1.Expository writing: exposition is the process of making a statement and then supporting itwith evidence.2.Turn to Text Organization Exercise 1.3.Style differences between narration and exposition (see Text Analysis):1.Stephen Hawking (1942 - )2.Frankenstein3.The Sky at Night4.Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)III. Language Study:1.likely: adj., adv. It is likely that…, be likely to do sth.--It is likely that my roommate will win the first-class scholarship.--Falling from the bed to the ground is likely to do damage to your brain.--An earthquake is likely to strike the area in a year or two.2.anyway: anyhow (used to change the subject of a conversation or to support an idea orargument)--You say English is useless for you. Anyway you have to get the CET-4 certificate.3.moreover: in addition to what has been said; further; besides--Local people would like a new road. Moreover, there are good economic reasons for building one.--She saw that there was a man immediately behind her.Moreover, he was observing her strangely.4.inquire: seek information by questioning; ask inquire about / inquire wh-clause--I rang up to inquire about train times.--He asked for his key and inquired whether there had been any messages for him.5.initiative: 1) the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for sb. to tellyou what to do--I wish my son would show a bit more initiative.--The workers are able to solve the problems on their own initiative.2) take the initiative: be the first one to take action to improve a situation orrelationship--don’t stand around wait ing for someone else to take the initiative.6.ensure: make sure ensure + n. / + that-clause--This new treaty will ensure peace.--Come early to ensure that you get a seat.assure: 向……保证，使确信，后接人称代词或表人的名词。
大学英语一第一单元知识全梳理
课文学习教师讲解：阅读技巧正确的阅读习惯要保证阅读的速度和准确性，就要采取正确的方法，摒弃那些不利于提高阅读效率的不良习惯，如头随着每行的开头到结尾左右摆动（head-moving），手指指着每一个单词逐字往前移（finger-pointing），或在阅读时嘴巴随视线的移动而逐字默读或轻轻地将每个词读出声来（lip-reading）。
这些都是不良的阅读习惯，影响阅读速度。
一般来讲，良好的阅读习惯应将头固定，手指离开书本，让眼睛来回移动，默读，这样可以提高阅读速度。
阅读时，我们的双眼在对成行成句的文字进行扫描。
这种扫描是跳跃式而不是逐词进行的。
眼睛跳跃式地不断把成组的信息传送到大脑，由大脑完成真正的阅读和理解过程：对由眼睛传来的信息进行分类和识别，并将之组成连贯的句子思想。
这两个过程是同时进行的，因此，眼睛扫描的速度越快，阅读的速度也就相应加快，而且理解也就越准确和完整。
相反地，一目一词的阅读方式不仅速度慢，而且影响理解，无法形成完整的概念。
如果能以意群或句子为单位进行阅读，我们的阅读速度可以大幅度的提高。
所谓意群，指的是那些有意义的语法结构或词组。
高效的阅读是将眼睛从一组词移向另一组词，即一个意群一个意群地阅读。
如下面用斜线分隔开意群的段落：Successful language learning/is active learning．/Therefore，/successful learners/do not wait/for a chance/to use the language；/they look for such a chance．/They find people/who speak the language/and they ask these people/to correct them/when they make a mistake．/They will try anything/to communicate．/They are not afraid/to repeat/what they hear/or say strange things；/they are willing/to make mistakes/and try again．/When communication is difficult，/they can accept information/that is inexact or incomplete．/It is more important/for them to learn/to think in the language/than to know the meaning/of every word．如果我们用一次一个意群，成组视读的方法去阅读这段文字，速度要比逐词阅读高好几倍。
全新大学英语综一册备课笔记
全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit 1 Growing UpPart I Pre-reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. Do you know who John Lennon was?2. Have you ever heard the song before?3. What does Lennon think of growing up? Is it easy or full of adventures?4. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about?The following words in the recording may be new to you:monster n. 怪物 prayer n. 祈祷Part IIText AWhen we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests. But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten. Can you guess who? Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer. WRITING FOR MYSELFRussell BakerThe idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. Until then I'd been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite so simple-minded as "What I Did on My Summer Vacation," but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. The topic on which my eye stopped was "The Art of Eating Spaghetti."This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table — Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal — and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti,and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen's house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I'd learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone's but mine. I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class's attention."Now, boys," he said. "I want to read you an essay. This is titled, 'The Art of Eating Spaghetti.'" And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What's more, the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, "Now that, boys, is an essay, don't you see. It's — don't you see — it's of the very essence of the essay, don't you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker."(797 words)New Words and Expressionsoff and onfrom time to time; sometimes 断断续续地；有时possibility n. 可能（性）take hold become established 生根，确立bore vt. make (sb.) become tired and lose interest 使（人）厌烦associate vt. join or connect together; bring in the mind 使联系起来；使联想assignmentn. a piece of work that is given to a particular person（分配的）工作，任务，作业turn out produce 编写；生产，制造agony: n. very great pain or suffering of mind or body （身心的）极度痛苦assign: vt. give as a share or duty 分配，分派anticipate: vt. expect 预期，期望tedious: a. boring and lasting for a long time 乏味的；冗长的reputation: n. 名声；名誉inability: n. lack of power, skill or ability 无能，无力inspire: vt. fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc. 激励，鼓舞formal: a. (too) serious and careful in manner and behavior; based on correct or accepted rules 刻板的，拘谨的；正式的，正规的rigid a. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior, views or methods; strict 一成不变的；严格的hopelessly ad. very much; without hope 十分，极度；绝望地excessively ad. 过分地out of date old-fashioned 过时的prima. (usu. disapproving) (of a person) too formal or correct in behavior and showing a dislike of anything rude; neat 古板的，拘谨的；循规蹈矩的；整洁的 primly ad.severe: a. completely plain; causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc. 朴素的；严重的，剧烈的necktie n. tie 领带jaw n. 颌，颚comic▲ a. 滑稽的；喜剧的 n. 连环漫画（册）antique n. 古物，古玩tackle vt. try to deal with 处理，应付essay n. 散文，小品文；论说文distribute vt. divide and give out among people, places, etc. 分发，分配，分送finally ad. at last 最终，终于face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with 勇敢地接受或对付scan v. look through quickly 浏览，粗略地看spaghetti n. 意大利式细面条title n. a name given to a book, film, etc. 标题，题目 vt. give a name to 给…加标题，加题目于extraordinary a. very unusual or strange 不同寻常的；奇特的sequence n. 一连串相关的事物；次序，顺序image n. a picture formed in the mind 形象；印象；（图）像adult n. a fully grown person or animal 成年人；成年动物humor n. 心情；幽默，诙谐recall vt. bring back to the mind; remember 回想起，回忆起argument n. 论据，论点；争论respectable a. (of behavior, appearance, etc.) socially acceptable 可敬的；体面的；文雅的put down write down 写下recapture vt. (lit) bring back into the mind; experience again 再现；再次经历relive vt. experience again, esp. in one's imagination 再体验，重温violate vt. act against 违背，违反compose vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.) 创作turn in hand in (work that one has done) 交（作业）command n.,v.命令，指令discipline n. punishment; order kept (among school-children, soldiers, etc.) 惩罚，处分；纪律what's more in addition, more importantly 而且，此外；更有甚者contempt▲ n. 轻视，轻蔑ridicule n. making or being made fun of 嘲笑，嘲弄；被戏弄open-hearted a. sincere, frank 诚挚的hold back prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.) 控制（感情、眼泪等）avoid vt. keep or get away from 避免demonstration n. act of showing or proving sth. 表明；证明career n. 生涯，事业；职业seal n. 印，图章essence▲ n. the most important quality of a thing 本质；精髓congratulation n. (usu. pl) expression of joy for sb.'s success, luck, etc. 祝贺，恭喜Legally Blonde- A legal education means you will learn to speak in a new language. You will be taught to achieve insight into the world around you and to sharply question what you know. The seat you have picked will be yours for the next nine months of your life. And those of you in the front row beware. "The law is reason free from passion". Does anyone know who spoke thise immortal words? Yes? - Aristotle.- Are you sure?- Yes.- Would you be willing to stake your life on it?- I think so.- What about his life?- I don't know.- Well, I recommend knowing before speaking. The law leaves much room for interpretation but very little for self-doubt. And you were right. It was Aristotle.- Good job.- Now, I assume all of you have read pages 1-48 and are now well-versed in subject matter jurisdiction. Who can tell use about Gordon vs. Steele? Let's call on someone from the hot zone. Elle Woods?- Actually, I wasn't aware that we had an assignment.- Vivian Kensington. Do you think it's acceptable that Ms. Woods is not prepared?- No, I don't.- Would you support my decision to ask her to leave class and to return only when she is prepared? - Absolutely.- Now, Ms. Kensington, did diversity jurisdiction exist in this case?- No, it did not.- Good. How about in the case of Owens vs. McCullogh?- I can't believe that girl. So stupid. Who does she think she is?- Excuse me. Are you OK?- Do they put you on the spot like that all the time?- The professors? They tend to do that. Socratic method.- If you don't know the answers, they just kick you out?- You have Stromwell, huh?- Yes! Did she do that to you, too?- No. But she did make me cry once. Not in class. I waited till I got back to my room but she'llkick you right in the ball. Or wherever, you know. She's tough. She's really tough.- Great.- Don't worry, it gets better. Who else do you have?- I have Callahan, Royalton and Levinthal.- Let's see, speak up in Callahan's class. He really likes people that are opinionated. And in Royalton's class try to get a seat in the back. He spits when he talks about products liability. And for Levinthal, make sure you read the footnotes. That's where he gets a lot of his exam questions. - Right. Wow. I'm really glad I met you.Unit2 FriendshipPart I Pre-reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. Have you ever heard of Dionne Warwick? Have you happened to hear her sing?2. What does a fair weather friend mean?3. What does Dionne Warwick think friends are for?4. Does the song give you any idea of what the stories in this unit will be about?Part IIText AHow do you feel when old friends are far away? Do you make an effort to keep in touch? Sometimes it is easy to put off writing a letter, thinking that there will be plenty of time tomorrow. But then sometimes, as this story shows, we leave it too late. Perhaps reading it will make you want to reach for your pen.ALL THE CABBIE HAD WAS A LETTERFoster FurcoloHe must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention."Is your cab available?" I asked when he finally looked up at me. He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, "I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter." He sounded as if he had a cold or something."I'm in no hurry," I told him. "Go ahead and finish your letter."He shook his head. "I've read it several times already. I guess I almost know it by heart." "Letters from home always mean a lot," I said. "At least they do with me because I'm on the road so much." Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: "From a child or maybe a grandchild?""This isn't family," he replied. "Although," he went on, "come to think of it", it might just as well have been family. Old Ed was my oldest friend. In fact, we used to call each other 'Old Friend' — when we'd meet, that is. I'm not much of a hand at writing.""I don't think any of us keep up our correspondence too well," I said. "I know I don't. But I take it he's someone you've known quite a while?""All my life, practically. We were kids together, so we go way back.""Went to school together?""All the way through high school. We were in the same class, in fact, through both grade and highschool.""There are not too many people who've had such a long friendship," I said."Actually," the driver went on, "I hadn't seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood and you kind of lose touch even though you never forget. He was a great guy.""You said 'was'. Does that mean —?"He nodded. "Died a couple of weeks ago.""I'm sorry," I said. "It's no fun to lose any friend —and losing a real old one is even tougher." He didn't reply to that, and we rode on in silence for a few minutes. But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: "I should have kept in touch. Yes," he repeated, "I should have kept in touch.""Well," I agreed, "we should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do. But things come up and we just don't seem to find the time."He shrugged. "We used to find the time," he said. "That's even mentioned in the letter." He handed it over to me. "Take a look.""Thanks," I said, "but I don't want to read your mail. That's pretty personal."The driver shrugged. "Old Ed's dead. There's nothing personal now. Go ahead," he urged me. The letter was written in pencil. It began with the greeting "Old Friend," and the first sentence reminded me of myself. I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always postponed it. It then went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together when they both lived in the same neighborhood. It had references to things that probably meant something to the driver, such as the time Tim Shea broke the window, the Halloween that we tied Old Mr. Parker's gate, and when Mrs. Culver used to keep us after school."You must have spent a lot of time together," I said to him."Like it says there," he answered, "about all we had to spend in those days was time." He shook his head: "Time."I thought the next paragraph of the letter was a little sad: I began the letter with "Old Friend" because that's what we've become over the years —old friends. And there aren't many of us left. "You know," I said to him, "when it says here that there aren't many of us left, that's absolutely right. Every time I go to a class reunion, for example, there are fewer and fewer still around." "Time goes by," the driver said."Did you two work at the same place?" I asked him."No, but we hung out on the same corner when we were single. And then, when we were married, we used to go to each other's house every now and then. But for the last 20 or 30 years it's been mostly just Christmas cards. Of course there'd be always a note we'd each add to the cards —usually some news about our families, you know, what the kids were doing, who moved where, a new grandchild, things like that — but never a real letter or anything like that.""This is a good part here," I said. "Where it says Your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that. " I found myself nodding in agreement. "That must have made you feel good, didn't it?"The driver said something that I couldn't understand because he seemed to be all choked up, so I continued: "I know I'd like to receive a letter like that from my oldest friend."We were getting close to our destination so I skipped to the last paragraph. So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you. And it was signed，Your Old Friend, Tom.I handed back the letter as we stopped at my hotel. "Enjoyed talking with you," I said as I took my suitcase out of the cab. Tom? The letter was signed Tom?"I thought your friend's name was Ed," I said. "Why did he sign it Tom?""The letter was not from Ed to me," he explained. "I'm Tom. It's a letter I wrote to him before I knew he'd died. So I never mailed it."He looked sort of sorrowful, or as if he were trying to see something in the distance. "I guess I should have written it sooner."When I got to my hotel room I didn't unpack right away. First I had to write a letter — and mail it.(1093 words)New Words and Expressionscabbie n. (infml) a taxi driverbe lost in/lose oneself in : be absorbed in, be fully occupied with 专心致志于windshield :n. (AmE) the glass window in the front of a car, truck, etc. （汽车的）挡风玻璃cab n. a taxi 出租车available a. able to be used, had or reached 可用的；可得到的apologeticallyad. showing or saying that one is sorry for some fault or wrong 道歉地，带着歉意地or something(infml)(used when you are not very sure about what you have just said) 诸如此类的事go ahead continue; beginknow/learn by heart :memorize, remember exactly 记住，能背出estimate vt. form a judgement about 估计might/may(just) as well 不妨，（也）无妨not much of a : not a good 不太好的keep up :continue without stopping 保持correspondence n. the act of writing, receiving or sending letters; letters 通信（联系）；信件practically :ad. almostkid :n. (infml) a childall the way 自始至终，一直neighborhood n. 街坊；四邻kind/sort of: (infml) a little bit, in some way or degree 有几分，有点儿lose touch 失去联系a couple of 几个；一对，一双guy n. 家伙；伙计tough a. (infml) unfortunate; difficult; strong 不幸的；困难的；坚固的；坚强的on one's mind 挂记在心头keep in touch (with) （及…）保持联系，保持接触come up :happen, occur, esp. unexpectedly （尤指意想不到地）发生，出现shrug v. lift (the shoulders) slightly 耸（肩）urge v. try very hard to persuade 力劝，催促postpone vt. delay 推迟，使延期reference n. 提及，谈到；参考，查阅absolutely ad. completely 完全地，极其 absolute a.reunion▲ n. （家人、朋友、同事等久别后的）重聚go by :(of time) pass （时间）逝去hang out (infml) stay in or near a place, not doing very much 闲荡；徘徊every now and then :sometimes, at timesmostly ad. almost all; generally 几乎全部；多半，大体awful a. (infml) (used to add force) very great; very bad or unpleasant 非常的，极大的；可怕的，糟糕的choke v. （使）窒息，堵塞choke up: become too upset to speak （因激动等）哽得说不出话；堵塞destination n. 目的地skip▲ v. 略过，跳过；跳跃sorrowful a. showing or causing sadness 伤心的，悲伤的 sorrow n.in the distance :far awayunpack v. take out (things) from (a suitcase, etc.) 打开right away :at once全新版大学英语综合教程第一册 Unit3Unit 3 Understanding SciencePart I Pre-reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. Who is it about?2. What questions interest him?3. What makes his achievements so remarkable?The following words in the recording may be new to you:universe n. 宇宙muscle n. 肌肉engage v. 及…订婚Part IIText AProfessor Hawking thinks it important to keep everybody in touch with what science is about. In this article he explains why.PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCEWhether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred. Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age. But as history shows, the past was not that wonderful. It was not so bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do without modern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women. But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age. Knowledge andtechniques can't just be forgotten. Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. Even if all government money for research were cut off (and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology. Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed. All it would do is slow down the rate of change.If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public is in two minds about science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn't understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties. But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Skyat Night and for science fiction.What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needsto make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don't see its relevance to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a brief and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, they frighten most people. When I wrote a popular book recently, I was advised that each equation I included would halve the sales. I included one equation, Einstein's famous equation, E=mc2. Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it.Scientists and engineers tend to express their ideas in the form of equations because they needto know the precise values of quantities. But for the rest of us, a qualitative grasp of scientific concepts is sufficient, and this can be conveyed by words and diagrams, without the use of equations. The science people learn in school can provide the basic framework. But the rate of scientific progress is now so rapid that there are always new developments that have occurred since one wasat school or university. I never learned about molecular biology or transistors at school, but genetic engineering and computers are two of the developments most likely to change the way we live in the future. Popular books and magazine articles about science can help to put across new developments, but even the most successful popular book is read by only a small proportion of the population. Only television can reach a truly mass audience. There are some very good science programmes on TV, but others present scientific wonders simply as magic, without explaining them or showing how they fit into the framework of scientific ideas. Producers of television science programmes should realize that they have a responsibility to educate the public, not just entertain it.The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when theyreach our stage. But I have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to believe that we might prove this wrong.(812 words)New Words and Expressionsattitude n. 看法；态度likely a. probable 可能的 ad. probably 可能privileged a. having a special advantage 有特权的privilege n. 特权minority n. 少数do without 没有…而设法对付过去highly ad. very 很，非常risky a. full of danger; full of the possibility of failure, loss, etc. 危险的；有风险的nasty a. very unpleasant 令人难受的brutish a. 野兽般的，野蛮的anyway ad. (used to change the subject of a conversation or to support an idea or argument) anyhow 不管怎么说put/turn the clock back 倒退，开倒车cut off :stop providing (sth.); remove (sth.) by cutting 切断，中断；切下，剪下competition n. 竞争；比赛bring about :make (sth.) happen 引起，导致technology n. 技术moreover ad. 而且，再者inquiring a. showing an interest in knowing about things 好问的，爱探索的inquire v. 询问global a. worldwide, of the whole earth 世界的，全球的suppress▲ vt. keep from appearing 抑制；压制initiative n. 首创精神；主动inventiveness n. 发明才能，创造力slow down :make slower 减慢rate n. 速度；比率ensure vt. make sure 保证，确保democratic a. 民主的informed a. 有知识的，了解情况的；明智的inform vt. 告诉，通知expert n. 专家at the moment :now 此刻，目前in two minds 犹豫不决；三心二意steady a. constant; firm 平稳的；稳定的evident a. clear, obvious 明显的cartoon n. 漫画；动画片element n. 成分；元素astronomy▲ n. 天文学audience n. 观众；听众；读者series n. 连续；系列；系列节目fiction n. 小说；虚构harness vt. control and make use of 驾驭；利用background n. 背景acid a., n. 酸（性的）；酸味的（物质）greenhouse n. 温室nuclear a. 原子核的；核心的weapon n. 武器genetic▲ a. 基因的；遗传（学）的engineering n. 工程；工程学basis n. 基础lie in :exist or be found in 在于rote n. 死记硬背learn by rote 死记硬背地学习relevance n. 相关，关联in terms of 从…方面（或角度）来说；按照，根据equation n. 等式，方程（式）brief a. short; quick 简洁的；短暂的accurate a. exact 准确的，精确的mathematical a. 数学的halve vt. 将…减半tend vi. be likely to happen or have a particular characteristic or effect 倾向，趋向in the form of :having the shape of; existing in a particular form 呈…的形状；以…形式precise a. exact 精确的qualitative a. 定性的；性质上的grasp n. understanding 掌握，了解concept n. 概念sufficient a. as much as is needed, enough 充分的，足够的convey vt. make (ideas, feelings, etc.) known to another 传达；表达diagram n. 图表；图解framework n. 框架；结构molecular a. 分子的biology n. 生物学transistor n. 晶体管；晶体管收音机put across :cause to be understood 解释清楚，使被理解proportion n. 比例；部分truly ad. 真正地；确实地magic n. 魔术；魔力fit into :be part of a situation, system, etc.；be part of a group of people or things 适合；符合；属于responsibility n. 责任educate vt. teach or train 教育entertain vt. give pleasure to; have as a guest 给…以欢乐；招待hence ad. as a result, therefore; from this time 因此；从此contact vt. get in touch with 及…接触alien▲ a. foreign; strange 外国的；陌生的civilization n. 文明Proper NamesStephen Hawking 斯蒂芬·霍金Einstein 爱因斯坦（1879—1955,美籍德国理论物理学家）全新版大学英语综合教程第一册 Unit4Unit 4 American DreamPart I Pre-reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. According to Dr. Hertz, what did the American Dream mean to his grandparents?2. In Dr. Hertz's opinion, who wants people to believe in the American Dream? Why?3. Why does Dr. Hertz say the American Dream is in one's head and in one's pocket?4. What do you understand by the American Dream?The following words in the recording may be new to you:poverty n. 贫穷advertising n. 广告宣传Part IIText AThe American Dream means different things to different people. But for many, particularly immigrants, it means the opportunity to make a better life for themselves. For them the dream is that talent and hard work can take you from log cabin to White House. Tony Trivisonno did not rise quite so high, yet he managed to make his own dream come true.TONY TRIVISONNO'S AMERICAN DREAMFrederick C. CrawfordHe came from a rocky farm in Italy, somewhere south of Rome. How or when he got to America, I don't know. But one evening I found him standing in the driveway, behind my garage. He was about five-foot-seven or eight, and thin."I mow your lawn," he said. It was hard to comprehend his broken English.I asked him his name. "Tony Trivisonno," he replied. "I mow your lawn." I told Tony that I couldn't afford a gardener."I mow your lawn," he said again, then walked away. I went into my house unhappy. Yes, these Depression days were difficult, but how could I to turn away a person who had come to me for help? When I got home from work the next evening, the lawn had been mowed, the garden weeded, and the walks swept. I asked my wife what had happened."A man got the lawn mower out of the garage and worked on the yard," she answered. "I assumed you had hired him."I told her of my experience the night before. We thought it strange that he had not asked for。
大学英语第一册课文unit1
大学英语第一册课文unit1大学英语第一册课文unit1《大学英语（第1册）》内容由浅入深、涉及面广，融知识性、越味性于一体。
语法讲解通俗易懂，有配套练习，便于巩固，使学生能准确掌握书中要点。
以下是小编整理的大学英语第一册课文unit1，欢迎阅读。
Section APre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningPlease listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions.Second ListeningListen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions with your own experiences.1. What problems do you have in trying to learn English in your middle school?2. Why do you think the computer can help you in learning English?3. What other things do you think we can gain through English language learning?Learning a Foreign LanguageLearning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life. Although at times, learning a language was frustrating, it was well worth the effort.My experience with a foreign language began in junior middle school, when I took my first English class. I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students. Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes. I was at the top ofmy class for two years.When I went to senior middle school, I was eager to continue studying English; however, my experience in senior school was very different from before. While my former teacher had been patient with all the students, my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers. Whenever we answered incorrectly, she pointed a long stick at us and, shaking it up and down, shouted, "No! No! No!" It didn't take me long to lose my eagerness to answer questions. Not only did I lose my joy in answering questions, but also I totally lost my desire to say anything at all in English.However, that state didn't last long. When I went to college, I learned that all students were required to take an English course. Unlike my senior middle school teacher, my college English teachers were patient and kind, and none of them carried long, pointed sticks! However, the situation was far from perfect. As our classes were very large, I was only able to answer a couple of questions in each class period. Also, after a few weeks of classes, I noticed there were many students who spoke much better than I did. I began to feel intimidated. So, once again, although for different reasons, I was afraid to speak. It seemed my English was going to stay at the same level forever.That was the situation until a couple of years later, when I was offered an opportunity to study English through an online course. The communication medium was a computer, phone line, and modem. I soon got access to the necessary equipment, learned the technology from a friend and participated in the virtual classroom 5 to 7 days a week.Online learning is not easier than regular classroom study; it requires much time, commitment and discipline to keep up withthe flow of the course. I worked hard to meet the minimum standards set by the course and to complete assignments on time.I practiced all the time. I carried a little dictionary with me everywhere I went, as well as a notebook in which I listed any new words I heard. I made many, sometimes embarrassing, mistakes. Once in a while I cried with frustration, and sometimes I felt like giving up. But I didn't feel intimidated by students who spoke faster than I did because I took all the time I needed to think out my ideas and wrote a reply before posting it on the screen. Then, one day I realized I could understand just about everything I came across, and most importantly, I could "say" anything I wanted to in English. Although I still made many mistakes and was continually learning, I had finally reaped the benefits of all that hard work.Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me, but one that I wouldn't trade for anything. Not only did learning another language teach me the value of hard work, but it also gave me insights into another culture, and my mind was opened to new ways of seeing things. The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. Talking with people is one of my favorite activities, so being able to speak a new language lets me meet new people, participate in conversations, and form new, unforgettable friendships. Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends.I am able to reach out to others and bridge the gap between my language and culture and theirs.Section BKeys to Successful Online LearningWhile regular schools still exist, the virtual classroom plays an important role in today's learning community. Job opportunities for students are expanding rapidly and more people of all ages are becoming aware of online learning that allows them to study at home. Online students, however, require unique qualities to be successful. The following list discusses some ideal qualities of successful online students.1. Be open-minded about sharing life, work, and learning experiences as part of online learning.Many different people find that the online method requires them to use their experiences and that online learning offers them a place to communicate with each other. This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students from expressing themselves. In addition, students are given time to reflect on the information before replying. In this way, students can help to keep the online environment open and friendly.2. Be able to communicate through writing.In the virtual classroom nearly all communication is written, so it is critical that students feel comfortable expressing themselves in writing. Some students have limited writing abilities which need to be improved before or as part of the online experience. This usually requires extra commitment by these students. Whether working alone or in a group, students share ideas, perspectives and discussions on the subject being studied, and read about those of their classmates. In this way, students gain great insight from their peers, learning from each other as well as the instructor.3. Be willing to "speak up" if problems arise.Remember that instructors cannot see their students in an online course. This means students must be absolutely explicit with their comments and requests. If they experience technical difficulties, or problems in understanding something about the course, they MUST speak up; otherwise there is no way anyone can know something is wrong. If one person does not understand something, possibly several others have the same problem. If another student is able to help, she/he probably will. While explaining something to others, students reinforce their own knowledge about the subject.4. Take the program seriously.Online learning is not easier than study in regular classrooms. In fact, many students say it requires much more time and effort. Requirements for online courses are not less than those of any quality program. Successful students, however, see online learning as a convenient way to receive their education — not an easier way. Many online students sit at computers for hours at a time during evenings and on weekends in order to complete their assignments. When other people are finished and having fun is most likely the time when online students do their course work. Online students need to commit 4 to 15 hours a week for each course.5. Accept critical thinking and decision making as part of online learning.Online courses require students to make decisions based on facts as well as experience. It is absolutely necessary for students to assimilate information and make the right decisions based on critical thinking. In a positive online environment, students feel valued by the instructor, by their classmates and by their own work.6. Be able to think ideas through before replying.Providing meaningful and quality input into the virtual classroom is an essential part of online learning. Time is given to allow for careful development of answers. Testing and challenging of ideas is encouraged. Many times online students will not always be right; they just need to be prepared to accepta challenge.7. Keep up with the progress of the course.Online learning is normally sequential and requires commitment on the students' part. Keeping up with the face-to-face class and completing all work on time is vital. Once students get behind, it is almost impossible to catch up. Students need to want to be there and need to want the experience. The instructor may have to communicate with students personally to offer help and remind them of the need to keep up.Just as many excellent instructors may not be effective online facilitators, not all students have the necessary qualities to perform well online. People who have the qualities discussed above usually make very successful online students. If you have these qualities, learning online may be one of the best discoveries you will ever make.Section CTeaching Children at HomeRecord numbers of children are being taken out of school and taught by their parents at home. Up to 100 children a month are leaving the classroom because parents are not satisfied with schools. Around 15,000 families now teach their children at home, a rise of 50 per cent from last year, according to the latest figures.This present rise in home schooling is blamed on the nature of examinations, not getting children into the school of choice,and dissatisfaction with teaching methods. Some parents prefer keeping children home because of attacks by other students and a lack of discipline in schools. Researchers say, however, many families prefer teaching at home because they feel the idea of public schooling is not modern. They believe schools will be things of the past in 20 years as media technology, like the Internet, teaches children. 1. ______Under the law, parents must teach their children, whether at school or at home. Community officials are charged with protecting their schooling. Professor Meighan of Nottingham University says parents were fed up with the requirements of existing schools. For him, schools are an out-of-date concept from the days of the town crier（市政传令员）, when it was difficult to get information and a central person was needed to communicate knowledge. He also thinks parents are recognizing education is moving on and don't want their children to be held back by out-of-date methods. 2. ______Meighan suggests children will be taught at home using the Internet, computers, and video（录像片）. He thinks future schools will be small groups of children, sharing equipment in their homes. The teachers may become advisers who sort through the information. 3. ______Future schooling was questioned by Sir Christopher Ball of the Royal（皇家的`）Society of Arts. He thinks learning in the future will include an international curriculum and international standards. He sees some present models of schooling —community schools and home schooling, for example —becoming more central and other models, not yet existing, may develop. 4. ______How Personal Choice Brings O-Level Success at 13Leslie Barson is already running the type of school that researchers think will teach children in the future. Based partly at a community centre and partly in family homes, the Otherwise Club includes some 35 families around north London. Professional teachers are brought in to help with special subjects, but mostly parents and children work together on units like studying the Greeks or the American Civil War, reading about events, making costumes（戏装）, and learning how people used to live. 5.______ 6. ______Parents choosing home schooling say the freedom of home learning allows some children to sit one or two GCEs by the age of 13. Ms. Barson's own children, Luis, age 12, and 7-year-old Lilly, have never attended school. She pays around 2,000 pounds a year for private teachers to help in special areas. She set up the Otherwise Club six years ago with just a few students. She thinks the purpose of teaching children is to develop their self-worth. Her son agrees. Luis, now teaching himself math, said, "I like the freedom to learn things that interest me, especially music. I don't feel I am missing out on anything by not being at school because I am a member of various clubs and have friends who attend normal school." 7. ______ 8. ______The “Danger” of Separating StudentsHome schooling could change children's relations with their peers and older people because of long periods spent with their parents. Most professors agree future learning will be more centred around the home, and fear children could become isolated and shy. Professor Michael Barber of London University said pupils could spend half their time at school, half at home as a way to solve this problem. He believes very strongly that children need the experience of school to ensure the quality ofbeing taught the basics and being examined. He thinks children must spend time with peers to learn the rules of work in a democratic（民主的）society and to learn how to deal with relations with more people than just their parents. Margaret Rudland, head teacher in Hammersmith, also thinks children must experience actual peer relations. 9. ______ 10. ______。
大学英语全新版第一册备课笔记Unit 1-6
Unit 1 Growing UpBeautiful Boy) and ask questions.a.What does Lennon think of growing up? Is it easy or full of adventures?--Life becomes better as one grows up; it takes time to grow up; life is not always what one has planned, but is full of surprises; life is not easy; life is adventurous.2. The art of eating spaghetti.3. Why did Russell Baker enjoy writing ―The Art of Eating Spaghetti‖?4. Look at the title of Text A, then find out in which paragraph a similar phrase appears. Read that paragraph carefully and explain in your own words what the author mean by saying ―write for myself‖. (para. 5)1. Ask students to circle all the time words, phrases and clauses in Text A.2. Turn to Text OrganizationII. Cultural background1. Grade schools in the U. S.2. What American teachers wear in school:3. Spaghetti and the proper way of eating it:III. Language Study1.possibility: state of being possible; (degree of) likelihood (usu. Followed by that-clauseof of )--Is there any possibility of life on Mars / my becoming your friends?--They haven’t arrived. There is a possibility that they have taken the wrong road.2.associate (with): join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind--We associate Egypt with pyramids.--I can’t associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written. 3.anticipate: expect (usu. Followed by gerund or that-clause)--What do you anticipate from me / the college / the college English?--They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2002.4.reputation: opinion held by others--Premier Zhu Rongji has a high reputation as a statesman in the world.--Jim Kerry has quite a reputation for being Comic.5.inspire:--What the doctors and nurses did inspired people to fight against the SARS.--The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.6.rigid: fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules--If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.--What do you have in your minds when thinking of a rigid teacher? Do you want me to be a rigid teacher?--The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days.7.severe: 1) completely plain--wear a severe black dress--Earnest Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.2) stern, strict--Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.--Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.--The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.--A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.8.tackle: deal with--Toshiba recently designed a robot that ca tackle almost any kinds of housework.--The classroom was quiet as students were busy tackling the final exam.9.recall: bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun / gerund, or that-clause) --I recognize the face but can’t recall her name.--I don’t recall ever meeting her.10.argument: disagreement, quarrel--The bride and her mother got into an argument / argued about whether to wear white or red on her wedding day.--Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.11.violate: act against--Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations.--A country isn’t respected if it violates and international agreement.pose: write or create (music, poetry, etc.)--John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son.--The president’s speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else?composition13.avoid: keep or get away from (usu. Followed by noun / gerund)--The little boy who had broken a neighbor’s window ran away t avoid punishment / being punished.--He stayed away from the cafe so that he could avoid running into his former girl friend.14.take hold: become established--The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families.--Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.15.off and on / on and off: from time to time, now and again; irregularly--It has been raining on and off for a week. That’s why the clothes feel damp.--doze off and on16.turn out: produce--New computers are soon outdated since newer models are turned out constantly.--American film studios turn out hundreds of films every year.turn in: hand in (work that one has done, etc.)--For your final grade, each of you must turn in 7-page paper.17.face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty)--Now that your daughter is born, you’ll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.--If you fail to the CET-4, how can you face up to it?18.put down: write down--The housekeeper put down the daily expenses in a little notebook.--I’ll put down your performances in the class as a part of your final evaluation.19.what’s more: in addition, more importantly--How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and what’s more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months!20.hold back: prevent the expression of (feelings tears, etc.)--People could hardly hold back their anger when they found that millions of dollars of public funds had been used to build luxurious houses for city officials.IV. Text Analysis1.Grammatical structures: sb. / sth. is said / believed / reported to do / be2.Writing strategy in Theme-related Language Learning Tasks (referred to Text Analysis)3.Synonymous words or phrases in the text (see Text Analysis).1.Think alone: According to Mr. Fleagle, what is the very essence of the essay?--The essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.2.Check and discuss the rest of the after-text exercises.3.Text B.4.Theme-related Language Learning Tasks in class.Unit 2 Friendship1.Let the students listen to the song That’s What Friends are For.a.What is a fair weather friend?--one who is happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives.b.According to the song, what are friends for?--for both good times and bad times.2.Survey—do you often write letters to friends?Sometimes we put off writing letters because we think letters can wait until other matters are dealt with, or because we think a phone call will do instead. But sometimes, as you are to find in this text, we may leave it too late to write, and letters are the best in expressing our innermost feelings.1.Find out how many questions the narrator asked the cabbie and what were the latter’sresponses.2.Questions for the students:a.At first, did you mistake Ed for the writer of this letter, like the storyteller did?b.When did you realize your mistake?c.Which round of question-and-answer leads to the mistake? (the second round)3.Point out that a surprising ending is sometimes adopted in stories.II. Text Organization.III. Cultural background: HalloweenHalloween is celebrated annually. It is on the night of 31 October, when people once believed that ghost could be seen. Now, in Britain and America, it is a time when children have parties, dress up as witches, make lanterns out of pumpkins from which the inside has been removed, and play ―trick or treat‖.Trick or treat is a traditional activity at Halloween. Children dress in costumes and visit houses. At each house they say ―Trick or treat‖. This means that they will play a ―trick‖, or joke, on the people in the house unless they are given a ―treat‖, e.g. sweets or money. Most people prefer to give treats rather than having tricks played on them.IV. Language Study.1.available: able to be used, had, or reached--We have already used up all the available money.--Is that book available in our library?2.estimate: form a judgement about (a quantity or value)--How much do you estimate you will spend each month?--I estimated that the total cost for the treatment of the disease will go from $5,000 to $8,000.3.correspondence: 1) the act of writing, receiving or spending letters (不可加s, 但可加a,often followed by with + n.)--His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.2) the letters that sb. receives or sends (不可数)--Mary really never mentions her step-mother in her correspondence.4.practically: almost--he’d known the old man for practically ten years.--It is practically impossible for him to give up smoking.5.urge: try very hard to persuade urge sb. to do sth. / urge that-clause(虚拟语气should)--They urged the local government to approve plans for their reform programme.--I urged my cousin to take a year off to study drawing.--Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System.6.postpone: delay, put off7.reference: 1) make reference to:--It was strange that he made no reference to any work experience in his resume.His recent book makes reference to the political events of those days.2) the act of looking at sth. for information--Use the dictionary for easy refernce.--Keep their price list for further reference.8.absolutely: totally and completely--Funding is absolutely necessary if research is to continue.--It is absolutely important to strengthen your word power.9.mostly: almost all; generally--They have invested their money mostly in expensive real estate.--The guests at the wedding party are mostly friends of the bride.10.awful: (infml;) very great; very bad or unpleasant--I have got an awful lot of work to do.--I can’t bear the awful smell of cigarette smoke.11.destination: the place to which sb. is going or being sent--Singapore is still our most popular holiday destination.--Only half of the emergency supplies have reached their destination because of bad weather.12.be lost in / lose oneself in: be absorbed in, be fully occupied with--He was lost in playing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room.--I had lost myself in thought.13.or something: used when you are not sure about what you have just said--The air fare was a hundred and ninety-nine pounds or something.--Here’s some money. Get yourself a sandwich or something / or something like that.14.go ahead (with + n.): continue, begin--The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.--Henry will be late but we will go ahead with the meeting anyway.15.know / learn by heart: memorize, remember exactly--You have to know all the music by heart if you want to be a concert pianist.--The pupils are required to learn a classic pome by heart every day.16.may / might as well: (means that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it.)--Anyway, you’re here; you might as well stay.--The post office is really busy—we’ll have to queue for ages to get served. We might as well go home.17.not much of a: not a good--Some people may think that doing housework for others is not much of a career.--He is not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor.18.kind of (AmE)/ sort of(BrE): a little bit, in some way or degree--She wasn’t beautiful. But she was kind of cute.--The boy’s description kind of gives us an idea of what’s happening.19.on one’s mind: in one’s though t--Dealings on the stock market have been on his mind all the time.--What’s on your mind now.--Your life and study are always on your parents’ minds.20.keep in touch with, lose touch with--The old man kept in touch with his children while living in a nursing home.e up: 1) happen, occur, esp. unexpectedly--―Sorry, I am late—something came up at home.‖2) be mentioned or discussed--The term ―Project Hope‖ has come up a lot recently in the newspapers.22.hang out: 1) stay in or near a place, for no particular reason, not doing very much--I often hung out in coffee bars while I was unemployed.--We can just hang out and have a good time.--Where do you often hang out in the weekends?23.every now and then: sometimes, at times--every now and then some teachers have a desire to quit their tedious job.24.choke up: become too upset to speak--When he learned the news of his friend’s sudden death, he was so choked up that he couldn’t say a thing.25.right away: (infml) at once--I wrote him a letter and posted it right away.V. Text Analysis.1.Find out misleading sentences in the text.2.Check and discuss the rest of the after-text exercises.3.Text B.4.Theme-related Language Learning Tasks in class.Unit 3 Understanding Science1. Let the students listen to the recording and ask questions.a.What makes Hawking’s achievements so remarkable?--The contrast between the strength of his mind and the weakness of his body.2. Write down some scientific and technological discoveries that have changed or will change the way people live.3. Point at the discoveries and ask ―In what ways do these discoveries change our lives for the better / worse?‖--Television provides people with quick and easy access to information, education, entertainment, etc., but it also exposes children to violence, deprive families of time and the will to communicate with each other, etc…5.Conclusion: The same scientific and technological discovery can bring us good things and bad things. According t o Stephen Hawking, author of this text, it’s up to us to make changes head towards changing our lives for the better. If you turn to the Language Sense Enhancement, youwill find …1.Expository writing: exposition is the process of making a statement and then supporting itwith evidence.2.Turn to Text Organization Exercise 1.3.Style differences between narration and exposition (see Text Analysis):1.Stephen Hawking (1942 - )2.Frankenstein3.The Sky at Night4.Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)III. Language Study:1.likely: adj., adv. It is likely that…, be likely to do sth.--It is likely that my roommate will win the first-class scholarship.--Falling from the bed to the ground is likely to do damage to your brain.--An earthquake is likely to strike the area in a year or two.2.anyway: anyhow (used to change the subject of a conversation or to support an idea orargument)--You say English is useless for you. Anyway you have to get the CET-4 certificate.3.moreover: in addition to what has been said; further; besides--Local people would like a new road. Moreover, there are good economic reasons for building one.--She saw that there was a man immediately behind her. Moreover, he was observing her strangely.4.inquire: seek information by questioning; ask inquire about / inquire wh-clause--I rang up to inquire about train times.--He asked for his key and inquired whether there had been any messages for him.5.initiative: 1) the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for sb. to tellyou what to do--I wish my son would show a bit more initiative.--The workers are able to solve the problems on their own initiative.2) take the initiative: be the first one to take action to improve a situation orrelationship--don’t stand around wait ing for someone else to take the initiative.6.ensure: make sure ensure + n. / + that-clause--This new treaty will ensure peace.--Come early to ensure that you get a seat.assure: 向……保证，使确信，后接人称代词或表人的名词。
大学英语一第一单元知识全梳理.doc
课文学习一、阅读技巧教师讲解:阅读技巧正确的阅读习惯要保证阅读的速度和准确性，就要采取正确的方法，摒弃那些不利于提高阅读效率的不良习惯，如头随着每行的开头到结尾左右摆动(head-moving )，手指指着每一个单词逐字往前移(finger-pointing ), 或在阅读时嘴巴随视线的移动而逐字默读或轻轻地将每个词读出声来(lip-reading )。
这些都是不良的阅读习惯,影响阅读速度。
T殳来讲，良好的阅读习惯应将头固定，手指离开书本,让眼睛来回移动，默读, 这样可以提高阅读速度。
阅读时，我们的双眼在对成行成句的文字进行扫描。
这种扫描是跳跃式而不是逐词进行的。
眼睛跳跃式地不断把成组的信息传送到大脑,由大脑完成真正的阅读和理解过程：对由眼睛传来的信息进行分类和识别,并将之组成连贯的句子思想。
这两个过程是同时进行的,因此,眼睛扫描的速度越快，阅读的速度也就相应加快，而且理解也就越准确和完整。
相反地，一目一词的阅读方式不仅速度慢，而且影响理解，无法形成完整的概念。
如果能以意群或句子为单位进行阅读，我们的阅读速度可以大幅度的提高。
所谓意群，指的是那些有意义的语法结构或词组。
高效的阅读是将眼睛从一组词移向另一组词，即一个意群一个意群地阅读。
如下面用斜线分隔开意群的段落：Successful language learning/is active learning . /Therefore , /successful learners/do notwait/for a chance/to use the language ; /they look for such a chance . /They find people/who speak the language/and they ask these people/to correct them/when they make a mistake ./They will try anything/to communicate . /They are not afraid/to repeat/what they hear/or say strangethings ;/they are willing/to make mistakes/and try again ./When communication is difficult，/they can accept information/that is inexact or incomplete . /It is more important/for them to learn/to think in the language/than to know the meaning/of every word .如果我们用一次一个意群，成组视读的方法去阅读这段文字，速度要比逐词阅读高好几倍。
大学英语综合教程1第一单元重要短语总结
13.offer us a choice of topics
14.be due to arrive at 8
15.face up to the unwelcome task
16.catch my eye
17.a sequence of mental images/bad harvests
51.registration fees, register for a course
52.can’tΒιβλιοθήκη compare to=be incomparable to
53.falsify records
54.a close tie
55.resign one’s position
56.clear one’s throat
57.be free of charge, do it for free
58.muster all the dignity
59.make an exception in your case
60.of great significance
61.resign from one’s position
62.represent eight years of hard work
Text B
46.carry out a tradition
47.be awarded a prize
48.be rewarded with a pay rise
49.maintain a relationship
50.participate in/take part in/be involved insports
大学英语1知识点
大学英语1知识点大学英语教学一直以来都是大学教学课程体系中的核心课程,那么大学英语1有哪些知识点呢?接下来店铺为你整理了大学英语1知识点，一起来看看吧。
大学英语1知识点：词语讲解1.take hold: become establishedThe idea of one child has taken hold in many Chinese families.老习惯是很难摆脱的。
这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。
Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.2.bore: vt. make (sb.) feel tired and lose interestThe speaker went on and on, and the audience grew bored by his speech.bore sb. to death (tears)a crashing bore 讨厌至极的人/事a frightful bore 讨厌得要命的家伙an insufferable bore 讨厌得令人无法忍受的人an utter bore 极惹人厌烦的事3.turn out:1. come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc.2. prove to be3. shut off4. produce; makeMatch the above definitions with the sentences below.A large group of protesters have turned out.The school has turned out some great scholars.Turn out the light before you go to bed.The plan turned out a failure.We are to turn out 100,000,586 computers next year to meet the market requirements.The experiment turned out to be a success.Crowds turned out for the procession.4.sequence: n.connected line of events, ideas, etc.连续的歉收(bad harvest)迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助(foreign aid)。
大学英语1 Unit 1 Everyday Life课堂笔记及练习题
大学英语1Unit 1 Everyday Life课堂笔记及练习题主题：Unit 1 Everyday Life学习时间：2015年9月28日－10月4日内容：我们这周主要学习与初次见面的人交际时如何进行简短的自我介绍，掌握高频率使用的日常生活用语，了解动词的总体特点和不同种类。
希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对相关知识点的理解。
一、学习要求1．掌握英语中自我介绍的基本模式；2．掌握主要的日常生活用语的表达；3．了解动词的功能，特点和种类。
二、主要内容1．如何进行自我介绍⑴介绍自己的姓名，国籍，向对方表达简短的问候。
常用的问候语包括：Nice to meet you!How are you?Glad to meet you!Pleased to meet you!Welcome to the class/our company.⑵介绍时不要涉及个人隐私，如工资、年龄、家庭等，也不要询问涉及对方隐私的内容。
2．重点词汇和短语⑴ bath 盆浴•bath是名词，其对应的动词形式是bathe（洗澡）。
•常用的说法是take a bath（洗盆浴）。
注意它和take a shower (洗淋浴)是不同的。
⑵ play with sth. 玩某种东西（如玩具等）e.g. The child is playing with some toys.•也可说play with sb. 与某人玩e.g. He likes playing with his good friends.⑶ be different from 与……不同•这个短语应用的比较频繁，用于两者之间的比较。
e.g. My job is quite different from yours. 注意这里的yours 指的是your job.Life in the USA will be different from what you expect.•表达与此相反的意思与……相同的短语为：the same ase.g. Mary doesn’t look the same as before.⑷ rinse off 冲洗，漂洗掉e.g. I rinse off the soap with warm water.•rinse sth. out 冲洗，洗刷干净e.g. Rinse the cup out before use.⑸ soothing舒缓的e.g. Music is soothing and relaxing to the mind.It is so soothing to enjoy the beautiful garden.⑹ stress 压力既可作名词也可作动词，给……压力。
东财大学英语1第一单元课堂笔记 (1)
东财《大学英语1》第一单元课堂笔记Unit 1 wanting to find success!讲解：1.“no matter + 疑问词”为状语从句，表示“无论……”、“不管……”。
可与之连用的疑问词有what, when, who,how, where等。
但不包括why。
1）No matter who you are, you have to obey the law.（不管你是什么人都要服从法律。
）2）No matter where you go, I will follow you.（无论你去往哪里我都跟随你。
）3）No matter when they come back, I will wait for them.（无论他们什么时候回来我都等。
）2.seem为动词和系动词，后接to be+形容词、to be+名词或动词不定式，其中to be+形容词结构的to be可以省略。
1）He seems (to be) unhappy.（他似乎不高兴。
）2）He seemed to know the secret.（他好像知道这个秘密。
）3.figure out：计算出, 解决, 领会到，弄明白。
1）We must figure out how to solve the problem.（我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。
）2）I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.（我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。
）4.this thing called：在这个短语中，called是过去分词，做thing的后置定语。
英语中的名词后面可以跟短语做后置定语，后置定语有四种形式：一、介词短语。
例如：the man in a black suit（穿黑衣服的男人）.二、非谓语形式，包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式。
例如：the fruit sold in the market（在市场上出售的水果）；the fruit to buy（要买的水果）; the man walking in the street在街上走路的男人）.三、定语从句。
大学英语精读1授课笔记unit1
Unit 1average: （a.）ordinarymen of average ability能力普通的人(n.)平均数An average of 10 students were absent each day.“an average of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数“the average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数The average of these numbers is 50.necessarily(ad.): inevitably 必定地，必要地The old do not necessarily know more than the young.未必，不一定(adj.)necessary必要的，必须的which has to be doneit’s necessary for sb. to do sth.某人有必要做某事，不能按汉语意思用“人“作主语it’s necessary + that 从句时，从句谓语用“should +动词原形”It’s necessary that he (should)buy a dictionary.Suggest that sb (should) do sth.Suggest doing sth.His expression suggests that he is tired.(=indicate)case: actual condition实情Is it the case(=Is it true) that you have lost all your money? in case: （1）如果，万一（表示条件）；（2）以防，免得（表示目的）在此两种情况下，要表示将来通常用一般现在时而非一般将来时。
Take an umbrella, in case it rains.In case he comes, let me know.In case of fire, ring the bell.万一，以防in the case of至于，就….来说in any case无论如何in no case决不additional(a.): added, extraaddition(n.) in addition to 除…以外In addition to lending me his typewriter, he taught me how to use it.aside(adv.): to the side在旁边aside from除…外= apart fromAside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.assignment (c. n.): sth given out as a task任务，工作He was sent abroad on a difficult assignment.执行任务(v.)assign指派某人作某事（可接双宾语，也可在直接宾语前用介词to）assign sb. sth. = assign sth. to sb.给某人分配某物The boss assigned him (to) an important task.(assign sb.(to)sth.)These rooms have been assigned to us.occupy:(1)占用，占据，充满（被占据的东西作其宾语）His books occupy a lot of space.Many cares and anxieties occupied his mind.（2）使忙于occupy oneself in doing sth( with sth.)/ be occupied in doing sth./ with sth.The newcomers were occupied in writing letters home. (adj.)occupied忙的（其前习惯上不用very 修饰，用fully, wholly, busily, solely）She is fully occupied with three small children.hobby:业余爱好(c.n.)(多指业余时间培养起来的并需一定专业只是积累的个人爱好，一般是健康的，有益的) Everyone should have a good hobby.My hobby is that I collect stamps.(false)collecting(to collect) stamps从逻辑上说，“我的爱好”应该是collecting stamps这件事情，而不是that I collect stamps（我集邮）这件事情。
东财《大学英语1》第一单元拓展资源
东财《大学英语1》第一单元拓展资源东财《大学英语1》第一单元拓展资源Unit 1 wanting to find success!东财的各位同学们：大家好！我是你们的英语老师李慧，希望大家能在新的一学期里，互相学习，互帮互助，彼此都有提高，大家如若有什么英语问题请到论坛发帖哈！我会及时回复的。
此外，大家还可以多逛逛论坛，我每天都会在论坛发“每日一练”，隔天给出讲解，希望同学们积极参与。
每周都会有新导学上传，请大家及时下载哈！祝大家学习愉快，工作顺利，家庭合美！东财辅导老师：李慧Wanting to find success!有关there be结构的若干句式■There is no / some / much / little difficulty / trouble with sth. 做某事(没) 有困难。
如：(1)There is some difficulty with the text. 这篇课文还有点困难。
(2)There is little trouble with the matter. 这件事情没有什么麻烦。
■There is no / some / little / much difficulty / trouble in + doing. 做某事有困难。
如：(1)There is much difficulty in finishing the work in the given time. 在规定的时间内完成这项工作还很困难。
(2)There is no trouble in reading the article without a dictionary. 即使不用词典读这篇文章也不难。
■There is no doubt about / of sth. 毫无疑问…。
如：(1)There is no doubt about his coming here. 毫无疑问，他会来。
课堂笔记(unit1)
Hale Waihona Puke 本课语言点 1.Learning a language is easy.
这是一个 主语＋动词＋表语 （SVP）句型。句中learning a language为动名词短语，在句子中做主语。再如：
conclusion，draw a conclusion，reach a conclusion）
What conclusions did you come to？（你得出了什么结论？）
municate v. 交流，交际，通讯communication n. 交流，通讯communicative adj. 爱说话的To
I agree with what you said.（我同意你所说的。）
She agreed to the plan.（她赞成这个计划。）
We haven't agreed on the date of the meeting.（我们还没商定会议的日期。）
agreement n. 同意；协议disagreement n. 不同意We haven't reached an agreement
but not wealthy.
（有的人富有但不快乐，相反，另一些人快乐但不富有。）
converse adj. 相反的I hold the converse opinion.（我的观点相反。）
converse v. 交谈，谈话He felt it difficult to converse with Helen in
communication.（说和写是人类最重要的交流方式。）
大学英语unit1笔记
Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook TwoUnit One: Living in HarmonyPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following brainstorming questions.1.You are now living on campus. How do you get along with your classmates?2.Are you willing to help out a stranger? Why or why not?3.Do you think it possible to be a true friend to someone whose name you don’t know?▇Answers for reference:1. A possible answer:I get along with my classmates pretty well. We help each other and take good care of eachother. When anyone is in trouble or difficulty, we do all we can to lend a helping hand. I love campus life. I believe that the time spent in this university will be an unforgettable experience in my life.2.Possible answers:a. To be honest, with all the stories about how certain individuals take advantage of people’skindness and how people set out to help out a stranger but end up getting into big trouble, I would think twice before helping out a stranger.b. I am willing to help out a stranger, even if it means I would get myself into trouble,because I would feel bad if I passed by someone in need. After all, we’re not living on a one-man island. We need to rely on each other’s kindness. What’s more, I believe most people on earth are good and they do not take advantage of others’ kindness.3. A possible answer:Yes, I think so. True friendship lies in the communication between souls, and you don’t have to know the person’s name in order to know the soul.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about kindness. Which quote do you like best? Why?▇Albert Einstein⊙The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Kindness, Beauty, and Truth. The trite (陈腐的) objects of human efforts — possessions, outward success, luxury — have always seemed to me contemptible (不值得一顾的).—Albert EinsteinInterpretation:What gives me the courage to face challenges in life and move on optimistically is the showing and receiving of kindness and the pursuit of the good, the beautiful and the true. Humans tend to seek worldly possessions, fame, success, and luxury in life, but these things don’t interest me at all.About Albert Einstein (1879-1955): US physicist and mathematician, born in Germany, who developed the Theory of Relativity, which completely changed the way that scientists understand space and time.George Sand⊙Guard well within yourself that treasure, kindness. Know how to give without hesitation, how to lose without regret, how to acquire without meanness.—George SandInterpretation:Kindness is a virtue that we need to cultivate and value. With kindness, we know how to give selflessly without thinking about our losses. With kindness, we know how to lose and gain honourably.About George Sand (1804-1876):a French female writer of novels, whose real name was Amandine Aurore Dupin. She is known for her long relationship with the composer Chopin and for wearing men’s clothes to show her belief that women should have the same rights as men.Ralph Waldo Emerson⊙You cannot do a kindness too soon, for you never know how soon it will be too late.—Ralph Waldo EmersonInterpretation:If you want to perform an act of kindness to help others, just do it now before it is too late.About Ralph Waldo Emerson (1808-1882): a US poet and writer who had great influence on the religious and philosophical thought of his time.Section C Watching and DiscussionWatch the following video clip “Simple Acts of Kindness -- Give it a try” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段：“Simple Acts of Kindness -- Give it a try.wmv”1.What are the simple acts of kindness presented in the video clip?● a teenager gives his seat to a middle-aged woman burdened with several bags;● a man offers to pay for a young mother with a baby in her arms whose credit card isexpired;● a woman offers her lunchbox to a homeless person;● a young man lets an exhausted mother take the parking space he’s been waiting patientlyfor;● a woman gets a card with heart-warming words on it.2.Have you ever been touched by simple acts of kindness from strangers? Share yourexperiences with your group. (Open.)Script：A simple act of kindnessA simple act of kindness found me.A simple act of kindness saved me.A simple act of kindness brought me home.Well I don’t know if yo u could see there was a soul inside of me.If not for the kindness of a friend,Well maybe now you couldn’t tell but I’d be just an empty shell.If not for the kindness of a friend,I know how dark a human heart can be out there.I was so far gone I thought that no one ever could see me.(Chorus)I would be a lost and broken man.If it weren’t for the reaching of a hand,I’d be on that dark and lonely road.A simple act of kindness brought me home.It wasn’t all that long ago I would have thrown away my sou l,If not for the kindness of a friend,But now and then, I feel the sting of almost losing everything.If not for the kindness of a friend,I know how dark a human heart can be out there.But now I know compassion was the only thing I could figure.(Chorus)I would be a lost and broken man.If it weren’t for the reaching of a hand,I’d be on that dark and lonely road.A simple act of kindness brought me home.And now I’m glad I’m here and that I’m free.To pass along what someone gave to me.A simple act of kindness found meA simple act of kindness saved me.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankIn this section you will listen to a short passage about smile. The following words and phrases may be of some help.Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.1.Before graduating from college, the speaker was asked to __________________.A) make a piece of cake for the classB) write down people’s response to her smileC) observe how people smile at each otherD) act kindly to someone2. While waiting for her turn to get her breakfast at the local McDonalds, the speaker _______.A) was ready to serve the two poor homeless men who smelledB) saw a terrible dirty man standing in the lineC) found that a short gentleman was waiting for his mealD) noticed that a homeless man was smiling at her3. The two poor homeless men went to the local McDonalds to __________________.A) warm themselves B) have their breakfastC) wait for someone D) search for a friendly smile4. At the sight of the two homeless men, the speaker ______________.A) turned away from them to join her familyB) ordered for them two cups of hot coffeeC) bought them two breakfast mealsD) asked them what they wanted to eat5. After the speaker turned in her “project”, the speaker’s professor and her classmates_______________.A) had a heated discussion about smileB) exchanged their unusual experiencesC) were deeply touched by her smileD) were greatly moved by her story▇Key:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1.The speaker is a mother of _______ and has recently completed her ______________. The lastproject the professor assigned to her to do was to go out and ____________________ and then write down their _______________.2.Soon after she was assigned the project, she went with her family to the _________________ ona cold__________________. Just when they were standing in line, waiting to_________________, she smelled ___________________________. Two poor homeless men were also standing in line. They just wanted to _____________________ and ________, so they only asked for ___________. Obviously, it was all they could afford.3.Then she was suddenly filled with ___________. All eyes in the restaurant were set on her,judging her ____________. She smiled and bought the two homeless men ____________ ____________.4.She returned to college，with this _________ in hand. She turned in her “_________”. Herprofessor read it to the whole class. The whole class was ____________. She graduated with one of the biggest lessons she would ever learn — ________________________.▇Answers for reference:1.The speaker is a mother of three and has recently completed her college degree. The last projectthe professor assigned to her to do was to go out and smile at three people and then write down their reaction.2.Soon after she was assigned the project, she went with her family to the local McDonalds on acold March morning. Just when they were standing in line, waiting to be served, she smelled a horrible “dirty body” smell. Two poor homeless men were also standing in line. They justwanted to sit in the restaurant and warm up, so they only asked for coffee. Obviously, it was all they could afford.3.Then she was suddenly filled with sympathy. All eyes in the restaurant were set on her, judgingher every action. She smiled and bought the two homeless men two breakfast meals.4.She returned to college，with this story in hand. She turned in her “project”. Her professor readit to the whole class. The whole class was touched. She graduated with one of the biggest lessons she would ever learn —UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE.Script:SmileI am a mother of three and have recently completed my college degree. The last project the professor assigned us to do was called “Smile.” The class was asked to go out and smile at three people and then write down their reaction. I am a very friendly person and always smile at everyone I meet and say “hello”. So I thought that it would be a piece of cake for me.Soon after we were assigned the project, my husband, the youngest son and I went out to the local McDonalds on a cold March morning. Just when we were standing in line, waiting to be served, I smelled a horrible “dirty body” smell, and there standing behind me were two poor homeless men. As I looked down at the shorter gentleman close to me, he was smiling. His beautiful sky blue eyes were searching for acceptance. H e said, “Good day” as he counted the few coins he had. The second man was mentally retarded. The young lady at the counter asked the shorter man what they wanted. He said, “Just coffee for the two of us.” Obviously, it was all they could afford. To sit in the restaurant and warm up, they had to buy something — they just wanted to be warm.Then I was suddenly filled with sympathy. All eyes in the restaurant were set on me, judging my every action. I smiled and asked the young lady behind the counter to give me two more breakfast meals on a separate tray. I then walked to the table where the two men were sitting. I put the tray on the table and laid my hand on the blue-eyed gentleman’s cold hand. He looked up at me and said, “Thank you.” I leaned over and said, “Just help yourselves.” I started to cry when I walked away to join my husband and son. As I sat down, my husband smiled at me and held my hand for a moment.I returned to college, with this story in hand. I turned in “my project” and the professor was touched and read it to the whole class. The whole class was touched. I graduated with one of the biggest lessons I would ever learn — UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1)Why didn’t the author stop for the hitchhiker?2)Did he feel guilty for not helping the young man?3)Why did the author decide to start his journey across America pennilessly?4)What did he discover as he travelled?5)What had happened to the trucker the author met on a rainy day?6)What conclusion did the author draw from his experiences mentioned in Paragraphs 15-18?7)Why did Carol invite the author to talk to her class about his trip?8)What conclusion did the author make about his trip when he talked to the students?▇Answers for reference:1)He thought that someone else would stop for him. And he was afraid of a possible robbery.2)No. He didn’t. But he was bothered by his easy and quick decision of leaving the young manstranded in the desert.3)He wanted to test if a person could still rely solely on the kindness of strangers or the goodwill of his fellow Americans these days.4)He found out that others shared his fear. Yet they still stubbornly helped strangers like him.5)He was once robbed at knife-point by a hitchhiker.6)He found that people were generally compassionate. And those who had the least to giveoften gave the most.7)She thought the children should be exposed to what else was out there — the good and thebad.8)He concluded that his faith in America had been renewed and that people could still dependon the kindness of strangers.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into three parts. Now write down the paragraph number(s) of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne 1-7 Because of a past experience of neglecting a hitchhiker inneed of help, the author decided to travel across Americawithout any money to find out if one could still rely on thekindness of strangers these days.Two 8-28 During his trip, he found out that people were generallycompassionate and willing to help although they might havefears.Three 29-31 He talked to school children and concluded in a patrioticmanner that in America people could still depend on thekindness of strangers.Section B In-depth StudyThere was a time in America when you would be considered selfish and looked down upon if you refused to help someone in need, but “I don’t want to get involved” has now become a national motto. Are people still willing to treat others with the same kindness their forefathers displayed? The author makes a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar to test his faith in America. And the answer he finds is: you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.The Kindness of StrangersMike Mclntyre1. One summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City, California, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. Someone else will stop for him, I reasoned. Besides, that gas can is just a ploy to flag down a car and rob the driver. There was a time in this co untry when you’d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. Now you’re a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves and carjackers lurking everywhere, why risk it? “I don’t want to get involved” has become a national motto.2. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker. Leaving him stranded in the desert didn’t bother me as much. What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator. Does anyone stop anymore? I wondered.3. I thought of my destination — New Orleans, the setting for Tennessee Williams’s play A Streetcar Named Desire. I recalled Blanche DuBois’s famous line: “I have always depended on the kindness of strangers.”4. The kindness of strangers. It sounds so quaint. Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days?5. One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of America would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road?6. The idea intrigued me. But who’d be crazy enough to try such a trip? Well, I figured, why not me.7. The week I turned 37, I realized I’d never taken a gamble in my life. So I decided to make a leap of faith a continent wide — to go from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. If I was offered money, I’d refuse it. I’d accept only rides, food and a place to rest my head.It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I’d have to conquer during the trip.8. I rose early on September 6, 1994,hoisted a 50-pound pack onto my back and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge. Then I took a sign from my backpack, displaying my destination to passing vehicles: “America.”9. Drivers mouthed the word through windshields, then, smiled. Two women rode by on bicycles. “It’s a bit vague,” said one. A young man with a Ge rman accent wandered up and asked, “Where is this ‘America’?”10. Indeed, for six weeks I tried to find out. I hitched 82rides and covered 4,223 miles across 14 states. As I traveled, I discovered that others shared my fear. Folks were always warning me about someplace else. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming. In Nebraska I was warned that people would not be as nice in Iowa.11. Yet I was treated with kindness in every state I traveled. I was amazed by the stubborn capacity of Americans to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. One day in Nebraska a four-door sedan pulled to the road shoulder. When I reached the window, I saw two little old ladies dressed in their Sunday finest.12. “I know you’re not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but it’s so far between towns out here,you feel bad passing a person,” said the driver, who introduced herself as Vi. She and her sister Helen were going to see an eye doctor in Ainsworth, Nebraska.13. I didn’t know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. This woman was telling me she’d rather risk her life than feel bad about passing a stranger on the side of the road. When they dropped me at a highway junction, I looked at Vi. We both spoke at the same time: “Be careful.”14. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard that he skidded on the grass shoulder. The driver told me he was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker. “But I hate to see a man stand out in the rain,” he added. “People don’t have no heart anymore.”15. I found, however, that people were generally compassionate. A middle-aged Iowa couple shepherded me around for an hour, trying to help me find a campground. In South Dakota a woman whose family had given me a night’s lodging handed me two stamped post cards: one to let her know how my trip turned out; the other to send the next day, telling her where I was so she wouldn’t worry about me.16. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people in every state bought me food or shared whatever they happened to have with them. A park ranger in Ukiah, Calif., gave me some carrots. A college student handed me sacks filled with organic tomatoes and melons. A woman in Iowa gave me two bundles of graham crackers, two cans of soda, two cans of tuna, two apples and two pieces of chicken.17. The people who had the least to give often gave the most. In Oregon a home painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. When I replied, “a light one,” he drove me to his house, rummaged through his garage and handed me a bulky green Army-style jacket. 18. Elsewhere in Oregon a lumber-mill worker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their dilapidated house. He gave me a Bible. Then he offered me his tent. I refused, knowing it was probably one of the family’s most valuable possessions. But Tim was determined that I have it, and finally I agreed to take it.19. I was grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter, their gifts. But the kindest act of all was when they merely were themselves.20. One day I walked into the local chamber of commerce in Jamestown, Tennessee. A man inside the old stone building j umped up from his cluttered desk. “Come on in,”said Baxter Wilson, 59. He was the executive director.21. When I asked him about camping in the area, he handed me a brochure for a local campground. “Would you like me to call for you?” he asked.22. Seeing that it cost $12,I replied, “No, that’s all right. I’m not sure what I’m going to do.”23. Then he saw my backpack. “Almost anybody around here will let you pitch a tent on their land, if that’s what you want,” he said.24. Now you’re talking, I thought. “Any particular direction?” I asked.25. “Tell you what. I’ve got a big farm about ten miles south of here. If you’re here at 5:30, you can ride with me. “26. I accepted, and we drove out to a magnificent country house. Suddenly I realized he’d invited me to spend the night in his home.27. His wife, Carol, was cooking a pot roast when we walked into the kitchen. A seventh-grade science teacher, she was the picture of Southern charm.28. Baxter explained that local folks were “mountain stay-at-home people”, and he consideredhimself one of them. “We rarely entertain in our house,” he said. “When we do, it’s usually kin.” The revelation made my night there all the more special.29. The next morning when I came downstairs, Carol asked if I’d com e to her school and talk to her class about my trip. I told her I didn’t want to encourage a bunch of seventh-graders to hitchhike across the United States. But Carol said the kids should be exposed to what else is out there —the good and the bad. “They n eed to know,” she said.30. I agreed, and before long had been scheduled to talk to every class in the school. All the kids were well-mannered and attentive. Their questions kept coming: Where were people the kindest? How many pairs of shoes did I have? H ad anybody tried to run me over? Were the pigs’ feet as good in other parts of the country? Had I fallen in love with anyone? What was I most afraid of?31. Although I hadn’t planned it this way, I discovered that a patriotic tone ran through the talksI gave that afternoon. I told the students how my faith in America had been renewed. I told them how proud I was to live in a country where people were still willing to help out a stranger. I told them that the question I had in mind when I planned the trip was clearly answered. Indeed, no matter who you are, you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.配图1（Para. 1）：一个男孩在高速公路边一手伸出示意想搭便车，另一手里拿着汽油罐。
全新版大学英语第一册笔记
大一上英语笔记整理【the first class】shape your character 形成你的品格kill your wills and dull your wisdomaccumulate 积累a thin smile 一个浅浅的笑容With the reports in hand，his face was beaming with satisfaction.His face was brightenes. 拿着成绩单他的脸露出满意的笑容。
When I read your message,tears streamed down my checks. 当我得知你的消息的时候泪水沿着我的脸颊流下。
2011.9.19 dumb luck 坏运气↔good luck 好运气I don’t have any pleasant association with English. 我对英语一点兴趣都没有In China,academic success is always associated with student’s grade. 在中国，学业的成功总是与学生的成绩挂钩Life doesn’t always turn out as you expect. 生活不是总呈现出你所期待的那样put off 把…放在一边eg:Your principle is first come, first serve.Why do you put me off?2011.9.22【writing for myself】proper=decent adj. 正经的，古板的rigid(unchangeable)=precise adj.古板的，一成不变的primcountry adj.tedious=boring adj.乏味的，枯燥的（eg:a meeting）due adj.到期的eg:Your rent is due,and renew the payment,please.tackle v.处理，应付（=deal with）simple-minded(pure) adj.头脑单纯的，傻乎乎的face sth=face up to sth 面对着eg:face the world 面对世界（闯闯世界）be faced with 面临eg:be faced with the urgent situationproduce v.呈现，出示；生产，制造（=turn out编写，制造）eg1:produce your IDeg2:This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images.come flooding back into/to stheg:All awful feeling of regret came flooding back into my mind as I recalled the hurting quarrel with my beloved mon.view 看，阅→review 复述relive 重回到，重温eg1:I wish I could relive my childhood.eg2:Happiness,never wears out/fades away,if you take a positive attitude toward life.You can relive it whenever you want.wear out 消失，残损 eg:a worn shirt 一件破损的衬衫respectable adj.体面的，可拿出手的 eg:a respectable house/cardoable adj.可行的，可做的gone adj.消失的，逝世的eg1:Gone are the days when we fought together,sharing laughter and tears.(adj.位于句首，全部倒装)eg2:Gone is our relationship.Out,please.command v./n.控制；要求eg:have a good command of sth 善于…；对…有很好的掌握attentive adj.专心的，专注的→attention n.contempt n.轻视 ridicule n.嘲讽eg:Drop the tone of contempt and ridicule when addressing me.scorn=despise=look down upon v.轻视hold back 阻碍eg1:Your laziness and hot temper hold you back.eg2:Having held back my tears,I continued to narrate(narrate =tell诉说) my bitter stories.eg3:Held back,tears were revolving(打转) around the rims(眶) of my eyes.Drop your airs(姿态). 放下你的架子用短语表示“当…的时候”eg1:I felt a pain in my heart at the sight of(当看到) her haggard(憔悴的) face.eg2:My heart sank deeply at the knowledge that(当得知) he had betrayed me.当表达混合的复杂情感时 feel a mixture of A and B2011.9.26Your requirements are beyond my reach. 你们的要求我接受不了exceed v.过于→excessive adj.过分的eg:supply exceeds demand 供过于求distress n.疼痛，伤痛（心理的）eg:feel distressedas much… as “…”应该是名词或者名词短语eg:The essence(本质，精髓) of education is to give as much positive influence as possible.ever-adj 永久的-adjeg1:ever-lasting/permanent friendship 永恒的友谊eg2:ever-green tree 长青的树wind v.蜿蜒的，曲折的 /waind/ eg:a winding patha strong wind whistle(吹口哨) through 一阵狂风呼啸而来drag through home 疲惫地回到家form a sharp contrast 形成一个鲜明的对比摆除习惯（彻底铲除）的三种表达roat out habits=get rid of habits=wipe out habitsAnticipating that the demand for electricity is high/heavy next month, so they decide to expend/increase production. skim through=scan 浏览fragile mind 脆弱的心灵，幼小的心灵2011.9.29 【the scholarship jacket】grow 培养，种植（植物）区分几种表示“喂、养”的词 feed 喂、养（人或动物）raise 抚养（人）lie falt on one’s back 平躺false adj.错误的→falsify v.篡改；伪造keep my word rooted in your mind 牢记我的话draw=tie n.平手 eg: a close tieThe pounding(震耳欲聋的击打)in my ears drowned out(淹没，压过) the rest of the words,only a word here and there filtered through(过滤，渗透).maintain=keep up 保持，维持make it 成功了，达到了uncomfortable(feel bitter) adj.不舒服的，不顺眼的 (形容人时) eg: He was uncomfortable with my boy friends if their fathers were not as successful as he was.about= regarding=concerning 关于My miserable salary here can’t even cover my regular/daily expense. 我可怜的薪水甚至不能支付我日常的开支a small sound of dismay(丧气) escaped my thoatYour name escaped me. 我记不得你名字了Word failed me. 我无话可说muster my courage 鼓足勇气muster 聚集muster my dignity 保持尊严‘动词当做名词使用 eg1:on the walk homeeg2:a pleasant stay in Hefeiclasp(hold/catch firmly) v.紧抓The last words came out in an eager rush(匆忙地).I speak in a trembling rush(颤抖的).desperately hoping 极其地希望a desperate person 一个走投无路的人a desperate plan 一个孤注一掷的计划spring up 迅速地生长，疯长eg1:high buildings spring upeg2:Objections should be fought wherever they spring up. eg3:joy springs upwithdraw v.退缩→withdrawn adj.胆怯的，沉默寡言的wink at=twinkle 眨眨眼；闪烁know better 比谁都清楚eg1:His face looked as happy and innocent as baby’s, butI knew better.eg2:You should have known better than to mix up with this bastard(恶棍).2011.10.8 【all the cabbie had was a letter】know sth by heart真正了解learn sth by heart 熟记，真正学会on the road 在途中，在奔波中You should at least say it as you mean it. 你撒谎至少要像一点We go way back. 我们是老相识（俚）It’s no fun to lose any friend——and losing a real old one is even tougher.remind 使…想起（可做补语）eg: It always keeps myself reminded.mean v.意味着；希望，指望；打算eg1: It means a lot to me. 这对我很有意义（这对我意味很多）eg2: I mean you to be an actress. 我希望你当名演员eg3:I’ve been meaning to write for some time. 我已经打算了很久来写岁月不饶人的三种表达：Time goes by.Time flies.We’re none of us getting any younger.more than I can say 无法言表choke up 梗塞→be choked upeg1:I was choked up with angry hearing the news.eg2:The dead atmosphere chokes me up.2011.10.13 【never let a friend down】attach v. 系上，别上，挂上；附带→attachment n.附件eg1:Attached is my comment in my story.(倒装)eg2:We are attached. 我们如胶似漆（关系很好）all the way through my life 我这辈子far-away friends(friends who are far away from us)远方的朋友You have a far-away look in your eyes. 恍惚的眼神It’s true in my case.= It’s no exception in my case. 对我来说情况就是这样/对我来说也不例外打算做某事的三种表达：be intending to do sthintend to do sthbe meaning to do sthset aside(把…放在一边) time to do sth 腾出时间做…A true friend is a person who can share weal and woe(福与祸).He looks far more than 30 years. 他看起来远不止30岁。
大学英语教材第一册笔记
大学英语教材第一册笔记Unit 1: Greetings and IntroductionsIn this unit, we learned basic greetings and introductions in English. We practiced using common phrases such as "Hello", "How are you?", and "Nice to meet you". These expressions are essential when meeting new people and starting conversations. It is important to pay attention to intonation and pronunciation to sound natural. We also discussed cultural differences in greetings and politeness between different countries.Unit 2: Numbers and TimeUnit 2 introduced numbers and time expressions. We learned how to count from one to a hundred, and practiced telling time using both the 12-hour and 24-hour clock systems. It is essential to master these concepts for everyday communication, whether it be making appointments or asking for directions. We also practiced writing dates in different formats and learned how to say the date correctly.Unit 3: Family and DescriptionsIn Unit 3, we focused on describing our family members and personal appearance. We learned vocabulary related to family members such as parents, siblings, and grandparents. Additionally, we studied adjectives to describe physical appearance, personality traits, and emotions. A good understanding of these words helps us to communicate effectively when introducing ourselves or discussing our families.Unit 4: Food and DrinksUnit 4 delved into the topic of food and drinks. We expanded our vocabulary by learning the names of common foods, fruits, vegetables, and beverages. We also practiced ordering food at a restaurant and asking for recommendations. Learning the proper pronunciation and intonation for these words is crucial to avoid misunderstandings when communicating with English speakers in a culinary setting.Unit 5: Daily RoutinesIn Unit 5, we focused on daily routines and activities. We learned vocabulary related to different parts of the day, such as morning, afternoon, and evening. We also practiced using verbs to describe our daily activities, such as waking up, having breakfast, going to school, and so on. These phrases are essential for expressing our daily schedules and communicating our routines to others.Unit 6: Weather and SeasonsUnit 6 introduced weather-related vocabulary and expressions. We studied different types of weather conditions, such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, and snowy. Additionally, we learned how to talk about seasons and describe the climate in various regions. Discussing the weather is a common topic in daily conversations, and mastering these phrases will help us engage in small talk and express our preferences.Unit 7: Transportation and DirectionsIn Unit 7, we covered vocabulary related to transportation and directions. We learned words for different modes of transportation, such as cars, buses, trains, and planes. Furthermore, we practiced giving and followingdirections using key phrases like "turn left," "go straight," and "it's on the right." These skills are crucial for navigating in a new city or asking for directions when traveling.Unit 8: Hobbies and Leisure ActivitiesIn Unit 8, we discussed hobbies and leisure activities. We learned vocabulary related to various hobbies, such as reading, painting, playing sports, and playing musical instruments. We also practiced discussing our preferences and expressing our opinions about different leisure activities. Engaging in conversations about hobbies not only helps us connect with others but also expands our vocabulary and fluency in English.Unit 9: Health and WellnessUnit 9 focused on health and wellness-related topics. We learned vocabulary related to different body parts, common illnesses, and symptoms. Additionally, we practiced expressing our concerns and seeking medical advice. Understanding health-related terms can be useful when discussing personal well-being, making doctor's appointments, or seeking assistance in emergency situations.Unit 10: Holidays and CelebrationsIn the final unit of the first textbook, we explored holidays and celebrations. We learned vocabulary related to different festivals and cultural traditions. Furthermore, we discussed customs and practices associated with various holidays, such as Christmas, New Year, and birthdays. Understanding different celebrations and traditions enables us to appreciate diversity and engage in cross-cultural communication.These are the key topics and concepts covered in Unit 1 to 10 of the first textbook. By mastering the vocabulary, expressions, and grammar introduced in these units, we have laid a solid foundation for further studies in the English language. Continuous practice and application of these skills will enhance our overall proficiency and confidence in using English in various contexts.。
大学生英语第一册知识点整理
English HomeworkCourse 2Unit 6Text A: I’m GOING TO BUY THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE短语：Resist the temptation 抵制诱惑；be consumed with 因…而心劳神疲；consume away 消耗Item by item 逐条；hit/strike home 言语等击中要害；get one’s act together 将自己的各事安排的有条不紊；urge sb.to do 催促某人干某事；achieve/have one’s heart’s desire 达成某人的目标；bide one’s time 等待良机；at intervals 断断续续的；move on to 转而干某事；race the clock 争分夺秒的工作；put pencil/pen to paper 动笔写句型：It seems to do sth.Eg: It seemed to say, are movers and shakers—not only during office hours, but in their spare time as well.It’s sb. who do sth.Eg: When my faith in myself falter, it’s they who urge me on,whispering,”Go for it, lady!”.Text B: BEGINNING ANEW短语：take/get/gain credit for sth. 因…获得荣誉或赞赏；soak up 吸收，吸取；at every opportunity 利用一切机会；weight down 使忧心忡忡；take back 收回，取回；set out to do sth. 着手做某事；in control of sth. 对…有控制权或支配权；seek after 寻找，设法得到；have courage to do 有勇气干某事；walk the floor 来回踱步；a breath away 一步之遥；early mid-life crisis 更年期；make a fresh start 重新开始；help with expenses 补贴家用；take back one tear 后悔；句型：It turn out to be…Eg: It turned out to be a journey well worth the effort.As …as…Eg: He was as worried as I was.What would I do…Eg: What would I tell my husband and what would be his reaction?It’s not so much A as B.Eg: It’s not so much the results of the action that have reshaped me as it is the realization I have within myself what it takes to do what I set to do.Unit 7Text A:THE GLORIOUS MESSINESS OF ENGLISH短语：ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人干某事；strictly speaking 严格地说；to a…extent 从某种程度上来说；language of the planet 全球性的语言；stir up 提神；descend the stairs 下楼梯；descend from 起源于；come up with 想出；pass sth. on to sb. 把…传递给某人；put into practice 付诸实践；strike out 开创；intellectual elite 知识分子精英；句型：There is something that…Eg: There is something direct to the heart that speaks to us from the earliest words in our language.Sth. would not have been …Eg: The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself.Text B: THE ROLE OF ENGLISH IN THE 21ST CENTURY短语：Alert sb. to sth. 使某人对某物警觉；conduct business 做生意；contribute to 促进；integrate A with B 使A和B为一体；information age 信息时代；industrial age 工业时代；information processing 信息处理；printed work 出版物；give way to 让道于…；to name a few 举个例子；rid oneself of 使其摆脱；be less likely to do 不太可能；co-exist with 和…共同存在句型：It belongs to…Eg: It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.There is no reason to do…Eg: There is no reasion tobelieve that any one other language will appear within the next 50 years to replace English.There are no examples to…Eg: There are no example to help us predict what happens to a language when it achieve genuine word status.Unit 8Text A:SAVING NATURE, BUT ONLY FOR Man短语：Environmental sensitivity 敏感的环保意识；belief in democracy 民主信仰；take aversion 产生厌恶；be nice to do…乐意做某事；ozone layer 臭氧层；greenhouse effects 温室效应；eye cataracts 白内障；food chain 食物链；melt ice caps 融化冰盖；man-centered 以人为中心的；call for 要求；on the ground of 因为；self-preservation 自我保护；in the name of 以…的名义；Feeling polite 有风度；on the point of excess 很过分；fight way through…打通穿过…的路；Come through 挺过来；be in charge of…对…负责；work one’s way 设法抵达；frame of mind 心境；for one’s sake 为…的利益句型：Sth. be sacrificed to…Eg：Sometines aesthetic goods have to be sacrificed to the more fundamental ones.Sth. be worth doingEg: Clearly not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing.As …as…Eg: Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democrary or aversion to nylon.It’s adj. enough to do sth.Eg:It’s hard enough to ask people to sacrifice in the name of other creatures.Text B:AN UGLY NEW FOOTPRINT IN THE SAND短语：nothing but 仅仅，只有；wash up 将…冲上岸；get away from 离开；for all 尽管；coral reef 珊瑚礁；oil tanker 油轮；globe of tar 柏油球；go beachcombing 仔细寻找；deserted battlefield 荒芜的战场；the last few years 过去的几年里；be witness to 见证…；delicate balance 微妙的平衡；pinch off 掐掉；at the edge of 在…边缘；blame on 归咎于句型：It seems adj. to do…Eg: It seemed simple to blame everything on the “population explosion”.What must it not be doing to…Eg: What must it not be doing to the plankton at sea which provide 70% of the oxygen we breathe.There is sth. far out sp.Eg: There is oil on this island far out in the Atlantic.Course 3Unit 1Text A:MR.DOHERTY BUILDS HIS DREAM LIFE短语：live on a farm 务农；get by 过得去；keeo sb. in sth. 供给sb. sth.；self-reliant sort of life 自给自足的生活；heating season 供暖的季节；earth warming 大地回春；just about 几乎；spray the orchard 给果园喷撒农药；paint the barn 漆谷仓；plant the garden 打理花园；clean the hen house 清扫鸡舍；flower beds 花坛；later this month 这个月晚些时间；on balance 总的来说；check out 查明真像；hitch up dogsled 套狗拉雪橇；major-medical policy 主要医疗保险；pick up 捡起来、去接人、领悟、支付；make up the difference in income 弥补收入差额；cut back 削减开支；dine out 出去吃饭；be involved in 被卷入；make self-sufficiency 实现自给自足；small scale 小范围句型：1、Will there be a better time?2、I’m not making anywhere near as much money as I did when I was employed full time, but now we don’t need as much either.3、We’ve been able to make up the difference in income by cutting back without appreciably lowering our standard of living.Text B:AMERICAN FAMILY LIFE: THE CHANGING PICTURE短语：do the dishes 洗碗筷；after all 毕竟；be off to bed 上床睡觉；in the majority 大多数；at one time 曾经；be aware of 注意；get along 过日子；missing out on 缺少；in addition 另外；hitch a ride 搭顺风车；whip up 快速做成；be used to do…被用来做…；be meant to 打算；relate to 与…有联系；take over 取代；wipe out 消灭；make sense 有意义；rush off 冲出；in the process 在这个过程中句型：1、Dear old Mom is just as likely to be saying them.2、Dad and now Mom are often gone from longer than ever.3、Why not invest in several sets?4、What’s wrong with the picture of today’s family?Unit 2Text A:THE FREEDOM GIVES短语：gentle breeze 微风；give up doing sth. 放弃干某事；historic site 历史遗迹；in many ways 从很多方面来说；be intent on doing 热衷于干某事；be forced to do 被强迫干某事；on the side 秘密地；arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人干某事；religious convictions 宗教信仰；bid sb. to do sth. 吩咐某人干某事；be sentenced to…被判处；keep a log 记录；word of mouth 口头的；make the best of…充分利用…；rise far in one’s regard 深受某人器重；make contact with 联系上…；at risk 有风险；in the eyed of 在某些人眼里；pass for 被看作句型：1、Carter’s devotion to her ancestor is about more than personal pride: it is about family honor.2、Parker hurriedly arranged for a wagon to take them to the next “station”.3、Parker found ten fugitives frozen with fear.Text B：THE DREAM, THE STARS AND DR.KING短语：come a long way 进展；with each passing year 一年一年；result from 因…而发生；against all the odds 尽管极为不利；in the midst of 正当…的时候；in the context 在这种背景、情况下；be subjected to 使经历；play up 大肆宣扬；at best 最乐观的看；do well to do sth. 做得好;labor fruit 劳动成果；apply to 适用于句型：1、We have come a long way-but we have far to go.2、Real wages for working people have been declining for 20 years.3、He felt no guilt about laws requiring that African Americans have the opportunity to go toschools.Unit 3Text A:THE LAND OF THE LOCK短语：local term 当地说法；the last one in for the evening 最后一个夜归的人；blend A with B 混合A和B；crime rate 犯罪率；at any rate 无论如何；dead-bolt locks 防盗门锁；security chains 安全链；electronic alarm systems 电子报警装置；hook up to 连接到；guard firm 安保公司；sliding glass doors 推拉玻璃门；security force 安全机构；public-service advertisement 公益广告；be used to doing 习惯于做某事；security guard 门卫；hold sb. at bay 制服某人；without a sideways glance 目不斜视；look back on 回顾句型：It occur to sb. to do sth.Eg: Itdoesn’t occur to us to ask ourselves.1、For that is what has happened.2、We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of Amreicanlife.3、The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whetherhis friend or client is telling lies.Text B:WHY I BOUGHT A GUN短语：aim at 瞄准；take the plunge 采取断然行动；in one’s favor 对某人有利；head for 向某处行进；in/under the/no circumstances 在这种情况下/在任何情况下决不；count on 依靠；draw the line at sth./doing sth. 拒绝做某事break into/in 强行进入；on the line 冒险; trade in A for B 用A交换B；roll down the window 摇下车窗；make a U-turn 竖中指回应；blow me away 射杀句型：1、I’m getting used to owning a gun and no longer feeling faint when I pick it up.2、It took me years to decide to buy a gun.3、Most of my friends refuse even to discuss it with me.。
英语第一单元课堂笔记
英语第一单元课堂笔记In today's English class, we delved into the first unit, which focused on everyday conversations. We learned essential phrases for greeting, asking for directions, and making introductions.We practiced the present simple tense extensively, which is crucial for describing habits and routines. The teacher provided several examples, such as "I go to school every day" and "She plays the piano after dinner."Vocabulary was another highlight, with a focus on common nouns and verbs used in daily life. We were encouraged to use these words in sentences to enhance our fluency.Pronunciation exercises were also part of the lesson, targeting the correct stress and intonation in sentences. This helps in making our speech sound more natural and clear.We discussed the importance of body language in communication, noting how it can complement and sometimes even replace verbal cues.The class ended with a role-play activity where we had to use the new vocabulary and grammar structures in a simulated shopping scenario. It was a fun way to apply what we learned.Homework for the unit includes reading a short dialogueand preparing a short presentation on a typical day in our lives, using the language structures we've been studying.。
大学英语综合教程1笔记
大学英语综合教程1笔记大学英语综合教程笔记?, 符号说明:=引出解释/词义相同,[]表示用法相同,批泤表示待确认,~加粗表示一个词系的词,荧光,数字表示页码。
, 2, Shape = to have great influence on sb;determinethe nature of sth. e.g.1.These events helped toshape her future career.这些事情对她的未来事业产生重大影响。
e.g.2.Her attitudes were shaped partly byher early experiences.她的想法一定程度上由她的早期经历决定。
, 一定程度上:partly, to an extent, to some extent, to some degree, conform 不……一致, 3, off and on=from time to time=sometimes断断续续地,有时e.g.It has been raining on and off for a week, that's why the clothes feel damp(潮湿的，., Belleville=a city in a coal mining region,has diverse industry., possibility=likelihood e.g.They haven't arrived yet. There's the possibility that they've taken the wrongroad., take hold=become established生根,确立e.g.Oldhabits die hard. ，很难摆脱，That's why you shouldstop smoking before the habit takes hold. , bored get/be bored by sth; grow bored witha crashing bore/a frightful bore/an insufferablebore/an utter bore讨厌之极的人/事, Assignment=a piece of work given to a particularperson，分配的，工作,任务,作业 ~assign assign sthto sb=assign sb sth [give] e.g. Some work to do onholiday was assigned., turn out = (1) come out or gather as for a meeting,public event, etc. e.g.1.A large group of protester(抗讫考，have turned out. e.g.2.Crowd turned out forthe procession. (2) prove e.g. The plan turnedout a failure/success. (3)shut off turn out thelight (4)produce e.g. The school has turned outsome great scholars., agony=painful, anticipate+gerund，劢名词，/that e.g.1. Theyanticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubledby 2005. e.g.2. We anticipate running into problemsin carrying out the medical welfare reform.(医改)e.g.3. We anticipate hearing from you., cheerless ~cheering欢呼~cheerful~cheerleader拉拉队长, That most tedious of subjects=the most tedioussubject of all subjects., Have a reputation for 因……, be able to do,have the ability to do <=> becapable of, Inspire sb to do an inspired guess凭灵感做出的猜测 e.g.1.Martin Luther King Jr's speechesinspired people to fight for equal treatment ofAfrican Americans. e.g.2.The last leaf on the treethat never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on. ~inspiration+to do e.g.Her workshows real inspiration., Rigid=fixed in behavior, views or methods; stricte.g.If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a youngage., Hopeless be hopeless at对……一窍不通a hopelessly ill patient绝症, Be/go out of date/old fashioned<=>befashionable/up to date bring sth up to date, Prim=stiffly (too) formal or correct in behavior and showing a dislike of anything rude and improper.A prim dress端庄 prim appearance prim andproper[negative]过于古板和认真, Severe=1朴素的:Hemingway is known for his severe writing style. 2 stern, strict: be severe on/with e.g. Only those who have undergone severe training canbe accepted into the air force. 3 剧烈的e.g. The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-president proved to be a heart attack., Glasses=spectacles, contact lens, Wavy 卷曲的有波纹的, He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts., Comic滑稽的, tackle e.g. The question set by the teacher was so difficult that pupils did not know how to tackle it. , Distribute=divide and give out among people, places, etc. distribute sth among/to sb. {词根}tribute e.g. films tribute(n.)/dedicated to the national day; pay tribute to [contribute, attribute to把..归因于], Simple-minded=showing very little intelligence narrow/open-minded; high-minded思想高尚;strong-minded意志坚强, Due e.g.1. The book is due to publish in Nov. e.g.2. The train is due in 15 minutes., Face up to e.g. Now that your daughter was born,you’ll have to face up to the responsibilities ofbeing a father., A sequence of一违串相关事物 a sequence of dancemovements, Image an image ambassador of..[product] , In my mind’s eye~ mental images 脑海, 定语后置e.g.1. A list has been drawn up of words wehave learned so far. E.g.2. All is not gold thatglitters(闪闪发光)., Scanner扫描仦, Spaghetti-not taste pulpy (多汁的) poke戳scoop舀prong叉子的尖头, Recall +n/gerund/that clause e.g.1.I don’t recallever meeting her. E.g.2.She recalled that she had tosee the doctor again that afternoon. Remind sb. Ofdoing/to do/that clause, Drive sth home将…讲透彻, Argument ?get into/break off(中止)/terminate，结束，/settle(解决)/put forward; offer(提出论点)/confute(驳倒)an argument, Awake The letters awoke old fears., Violate=act against e.g. Speeding downtown areasviolates traffic regulations.<=>violet紫罗兰violent剧烈的, A failing/passing grade, Respectable=1 值得尊敬的:a respectablecouple,respectful尊敬的: talk to him at a respectful distance 2 decent/proper合乎礼仦的,礼貌的, Composer作曲家, The graded papers,the corrected papers, Report to sb for sth: I was ordered to report for training to the artillery officers., Discipline: tighten discipline加强纪律; keepdiscipline维持纪律learn discipline学会遵守纪律, 4, Speak/talk/say/laugh out loud, Contempt 轻视,轻蔑, Ridicule=making or being made fun of. 1 Incontempt of对……不屑一顾Do sth in contempt ofheaven and hell天不怕,地不怕 2 to hold sb up toridicule嘲笑, Hold back =1 to prevent the expression of feelings, tears, etc. e.g. Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears. 2make sb/sth stop moving forward e.g.The en builtbanks(堤， of earth to hold back the rising flood water. 3 to prevent the development of e.g.Youcould become a good musician, but your lack ofpractise is holding you back. 4 keep secret. e.g.Tellme about it, don't hold anything back., Be pure delight at, Power=the faculty(能力,技能,功能， of the body ormind e.g.1 We'll have to use all of our powers ofpersuasion. e.g.2 He has lost the power of speech.失去说话能力, Career, profession, trade, At the eleventh hour, As it were=so to speak=as one might say, Put the final seal on my happiness. definite. A sealof approval e.g.This project needs the government'sseal of approval.正式批准。
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东财《大学英语1》第一单元课堂笔记Unit 1 wanting to find success!讲解：1.“no matter + 疑问词”为状语从句，表示“无论……”、“不管……”。
可与之连用的疑问词有what, when, who,how, where等。
但不包括why。
1）No matter who you are, you have to obey the law.（不管你是什么人都要服从法律。
）2）No matter where you go, I will follow you.（无论你去往哪里我都跟随你。
）3）No matter when they come back, I will wait for them.（无论他们什么时候回来我都等。
）2.seem为动词和系动词，后接to be+形容词、to be+名词或动词不定式，其中to be+形容词结构的to be可以省略。
1）He seems (to be) unhappy.（他似乎不高兴。
）2）He seemed to know the secret.（他好像知道这个秘密。
）3.figure out：计算出, 解决, 领会到，弄明白。
1）We must figure out how to solve the problem.（我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。
）2）I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.（我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。
）4.this thing called：在这个短语中，called是过去分词，做thing的后置定语。
英语中的名词后面可以跟短语做后置定语，后置定语有四种形式：一、介词短语。
例如：the man in a black suit（穿黑衣服的男人）.二、非谓语形式，包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式。
例如：the fruit sold in the market（在市场上出售的水果）；the fruit to buy（要买的水果）; the man walking in the street在街上走路的男人）.三、定语从句。
例如：the house that I bought last week（我上个星期买的房子）.四、某些具有特殊用法的形容词比如某些以字母a开始的形容词像alive，asleep等必须放在名词后面做定语。
例如：the man alive, the baby asleep ，其中定语从句可以简化为分词短语，当定语从句谓语动作表示主动时，将谓语改为现在分词；当定语从句谓语动作表示被动时，用过去分词。
这种简化只保留谓语动词，去掉所有的助动词。
此处的this thing called的完整形式是this thing which is called，经过简化就成了剩下了过去分词called。
5.as long as 等于so long as , 意思是“只要……”，后接从句You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back.（只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。
）6.have a good idea of：非常清楚。
have idea 的意思是“知道”。
1）Do you have any idea of his coming?（你知道他要来吗？）2）I have no idea of his coming.（我不知道他要来。
）3）I have no idea that he is coming. （我不知道他要来。
）7. a hotel to stay at（下榻的宾馆）= to stay at a hotela house to live in（居住的房子）= to live in a house在这个短语中跟了个介词in。
地点和范围名词的后置定语为不及物动词时往往需要介词，介词的使用取决于动词与名词的搭配。
I need someone to work with.（我需要一个与之共事的人。
）= I need to work with someone.The work to which hewas devoted won high praise.（他所为之奉献的工作获得高度赞扬。
）8.picture …as：把……描绘成，把……想像成。
1）It is hard to picture life 200 years ago.（很难想象200年前人们的生活。
）2) She pictured herself at school in a foreign country.（她想象自己在国外上学。
）9.the list can go on forever: 此句的意思是“等等”。
英语中表示这个意思的有：etc. and so on and so forth andeverything10.get: 明白，了解1）Do you get this question?（你明白这个问题吗）2）Got it?（明白了吗？）Got it.（明白了。
）11.as:常用的意思有：由于，当……时，随着，正如，虽然，作为。
在句子中既可以作连词又可以作介词。
12.在know和wonder后面常常使用if/whether连接句子。
二者的区别是：if后面不能接or not，而whether则可以与or not 连用。
1）I don’t know whether he agrees or not.（我不知道他是否同意。
）2）I wonder if you could help me.（不知你能否帮助我。
）13.虚拟语气。
有三种形式：1）与现在事实相反的假设：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might)＋动词原形。
例如：If I were you, I would not do it.（如果我是你的话，我就不会这样做的。
）2）与过去事实相反的假设：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might)＋现在完成时。
例如：If I had had his address, I would have visited her（如果我有了他的地址，我是会看她的。
）If it should snow tomorrow, I would go skiing（如果明天下雪，我就去滑雪。
）If it were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.3）与将来事实相反的假设：从句用should (were to) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might)＋动词原形。
14.this type of 的意思是“这种”，相当于this kind of, this sort of。
15.build on: 建立于; 根据；依赖。
1）His argument is built on facts.（他的论点是以事实为依据的。
）2）We should develop national economy by building on the development of agriculture.（我们要在发展农业的基础上发展国民经济。
）16.excess: 过剩，常搭配为in excess of（超过）。
Don’t spend in excess of your income.（花销不要超过收入。
）17.在debt-free这个词语中，free表示“免除”“不受……约束”“不含”“不受…影响”，常与名词构成合成词，放在名词的后面作为形容词。
tax free 免税alt free 不含盐的worry-free 无忧无虑的lead-free petrol 无铅汽油18.not because…but because：not…, but…是英语的一种句型，意思是“不是…而是…”，“not because…butbecause…”意思是“不是因为……而是因为……”。
We don’t give the job to you, not because we don’t trust you, but because you are inexperienced.（我们不把这份工作交给你，不是因为不信任你，而是因为你缺乏经验。
）19.growing up是一个现在分词短语。
分词短语可以放在句子前面表示前提、原因、条件、时间等。
当句子主语能够执行分词动作时，使用现在分词，当主语不能主动发出该动作时，使用过去分词。
也就是说，分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
1）Seen from space, the earth looks like a blue ball.（从太空看，地球象个蓝色球。
）2）Holding a fan in his hand, he lay on the sofa, relaxing himself. (他手握扇子，躺在沙发上放松。
）20. a few修饰可数名词，表示肯定意义，few则表示否定意义。
其对应的词语为 a little和little，他们修饰不可数名词。
21.enjoy后接名词和动名词，具有这种用法的动词包括：admit（承认）, avoid（避免）, advise（劝告）, allow（允许）, appreciate（感谢）, consider（考虑）, delay（延误、耽搁）, deny（否认）, dislike（不喜欢）, escape （逃脱、逃避）, excuse（宽恕、原谅）, feel like（很想，真想）, finish（结束）, forbid（禁止）, forgive（宽恕、原谅、饶恕）, imagine（想象）, involve（涉及、包含）, mind（在乎、介意）, miss（错过、误了）, permit （允许）, postpone（推迟、拖延）, practice（练习）, prevent（阻止）, propose（提议）, risk（冒险）, give up（放弃）, can’t help（不禁）, suggest（建议）。
22.Achieve my dream working there: working前面省掉了介词by。
动词加by加动名词短语是英语的一种句式，其中by短语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。
He earned money by working part time in KFC.（他在肯德基做兼职工作赚钱。
）23.having在此处的用法前面已经说过，表示前提，相当于when I had a list of jobs that would fill this page.a list of: 一系列的，一连串的。