高级口译必备长难句翻译
长难句翻译 高英
难长句的翻译：Unit7：1. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches ofpaint peeping through the streaks.They are all marked with long and thin lines of dirt, and boring paint spots like red swollen skin appear dimly from those lines每幢房屋都有一道道垢纹，从这些垢纹中隐约露出一些让人讨厌的像患病皮肤一样的油漆疤痕2.The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for dogmatictheology and the poetry of Edgar ·A·Guest.人们喜欢这类丑陋图案，就像迷恋教条主义神学和埃德加·A·格斯特诗歌，既不可思议，令人费解，却又司空见惯，习以为常Unit1：1.一阵狂风掀走了整个房顶，在劈头盖脸的雨水中，一家人紧紧地依偎在一起。
A blast of wind lifted the entire roof off the house. The whole family huddled in theslashing rain.2.地震发生时，他明显地感到房屋的晃动，听到窗户破碎的声响。
When the earthquake was taking place, he seemingly felt the shuddering of the houses and heard the shattering of the windows.3.市政府为将到来的艺术节做了周密的准备工作，一些高大的建筑物上挂起了彩灯和彩旗.The city government has made methodical preparations for the coming of the art festival.Some high buildings are festooned with colored lights and banners.4.骚乱之后，街上到处都是被烧毁的小汽车、石块和破瓶子(strew )。
口译实践之 长难句
原文2： 我们主张在互相 尊重主权和领土完 整、互不侵犯、互 不干涉内政、平等 互利、和平共处的 五项原则的基础上， 建立和平、稳定、 公正、合理的国际 新秩序。
译文：
• We advocate the establishment of a peaceful, stable, just and rational new international order on the basis of the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression and noninterference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence.
译文：
• Shanghai is on the tip of the Yangtze Delta, in the middle of China's coastline running down from the north to the south. It is very well located. Shanghai averages about 4 meters above sea level. It has a tropical monsoon climate, with four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall. The third largest island in China, the Chongming Island, is within Shanghai's territory.
长难句翻译100句4
长难句翻译100句4长难句翻译100句（4）1. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world haveupended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.很不幸，这个令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。
一些经济学家认为世界经济结构大幅变化，这让以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧经济模式成为了历史。
2. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprivedEgypt of the fertile that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoirof disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河水不再泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥——这些换来的就是这么个病菌滋生的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。
3. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering anddownsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. 企业重组的新方法——所有那些重新规划、缩小规模的做法——只是经济的整体生产力做提高的一个方面。
英译汉长难句整理
1.When we established our friendly and cooperative relations,we did so on theunderstanding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality, and mutual benefit.我们过去建立友好合作关系是基于这样一种认识，即我们要在相互尊重和平等互利的基础上发展我们的友谊。
2.We, therefore, welcome the interest and understanding that china has shownregarding the problems of and positions taken by small and developing countries.因此，我们赞赏中国关注和理解小国和发展中国家所遇到的问题以及所持的立场。
3.As we are both developing countries, having a common aspiration in improvingthe standard of life of our peoples, I look forward, in the next few days, to the opportunity of learning something from your endeavors and experience in promoting ecnomic and social development in the service of your people.我们两国都是发展中国家，有着提高自己国民生活水平的共同愿望，因此，我期待在今后的几天里有机会向你们学习，从贵国为造福本国人民而促进经济和社会发展的奋斗和经验中学到一些东西。
关键长难句200及翻译(整合篇 )
1. W earing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
2. But it will be the driver‘s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.2、但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的孩子不要坐在前排，除非他们系好了安全带。
3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a localdelivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.3、当然，如果有以下情况你可以不系安全带：你在倒车时，或者你用一种特殊交通工具进行当地的货物运送、收集时，或者你有合法的医学证明你不能系安全带时。
4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.4、注意你如果不这么做（系安全带）的话，你有可能被告上法庭，而且你有可能被处以罚款除非你能证明你有不带安全带的理由。
英语长难句翻译
长难句翻译一1. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.2. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.3. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.4. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human languages, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exits no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.5. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.6. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to , then spread to other cultures.7. More, recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.8. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.9. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religion hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: "Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing." and I will be your God and you shall be my people.10. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1926, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.还有一些商业模式为以上三种主要模式的综合体,如延迟开放模式,即这些期刊前六个月只允许付费者阅读论文,之后才免费提供给所有想阅读的人;这些年来,参加主要职业棒球赛运动员的身材发生了显著变化,俱乐部的经理们更乐意修改队服来满足日益增多的更高、更壮的运动员的需要;比如,经济方面的变化使得青年的就业机会更少,加之失业率的普遍上升,这越发使得赚钱的工作日益难找;作为一名语言学家,他承认所有种类的人类语言,包括不规范的语言,如黑人英语,都具有强大的表达能力——世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的意思;对动物和人类的研究表明：性激素会以某种方式影响对压力的反应,使处于压力下的雄性比处于相同条件下的雄性产生更多的触发不良反应的化学物质;有些人类学家认为,几乎每项重要的文化成就都是少数特别有天赋的民族所发明创造的;根据传播论者的看法,这些发明后来传播到了其他的文化中;最近,研究者在调查房屋建筑业时发现,尽管建筑行业的工作非常复杂,但是德克萨斯州休斯顿市的那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却总能达到劳动生产率的最高标准;举例来说,只要上溯三代,一个人就会有八个曾父母,或者上溯四代,就会有十六位曾曾祖父母,即便如此,这种DNA 只能揭示一到两位祖先的基因信息;他打开圣经,告诉父亲他读到的第一行字将决定他的命运,接着读到了以下神奇的文字：“从他们中间走出来,不要沾不干净的物,我将成为你们的神,你将是我的子民;”在决定性的时刻,他的性困惑、经济困难以及宗教期待——所有的一切都交织在一起;除了大约九十位左右在1692 年之后的十年间来到马塞诸塞教堂的博学的牧师之外,还有像约翰·温斯洛普这样的政治领袖;在来波士顿之前,他是一位受过高等教育的绅士、律师,同时还是皇室的官员;。
高级口译笔译实战练习：长难句翻译
高级口译笔译实战练习：长难句翻译怎样提高长难句口语翻译水平，平时得多练习，今天我给大家带来了高级口译笔译实战练习之长难句翻译，希望可以帮助到大家，下面我就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
口译笔译实战练习：长难句翻译1. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.这样一来最终的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表文章就更难了，广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果。
评审推荐制度最早被使用于在19世纪的国家级刊物上，后又在20世纪被几家地方级地质学刊物所采用。
2. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.一个颇为类似的分化过程让全国的专业地质学家走到一起，组成了一两个专业学术社团，另一方面，业余地质爱好者们倾向于要么仍留在地方社团，要么以其他方式组成全国性机构。
英语笔译长难句翻译100句-10
长难句翻译100句（10）1. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.还有一些商业模式为以上三种主要模式的综合体，如延迟开放模式，即这些期刊前六个月只允许付费者阅读论文，之后才免费提供给所有想阅读的人。
2. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.这些年来，参加主要职业棒球赛运动员的身材发生了显著变化，俱乐部的经理们更乐意修改队服来满足日益增多的更高、更壮的运动员的需要。
3. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.比如，经济方面的变化使得青年的就业机会更少，加之失业率的普遍上升，这越发使得赚钱的工作日益难找。
4. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human languages, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exits no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.作为一名语言学家，他承认所有种类的人类语言，包括不规范的语言，如黑人英语，都具有强大的表达能力——世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的意思。
高级口译翻译(第四版)(可编辑修改word版)
Unit11.欢迎希尔博士和夫人来访上海。
Welcome to Shanghai, Dr. and Mrs. Hill.2.请允许我做自我介绍。
Please allow me to introduce myself.3．我叫洪建信，是中美医药公司的副总经理。
My name is Jianxin Hong. I am deputy managing director of the Sino-American Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.4.我们很荣幸能请到您，我也特别高兴能认识您。
It is a great honor to have you here with us .And I am so delighted to make your acquaintance .5.我们去取行李吧。
We wil go there and pick up the luggage .4．久闻先生大名, 我在研究生学习时期所写的两篇论文曾参考了您的研究成果。
I have long heard of you,and as a matter of fact, I referred to your researchfindings in a couple of my papers during my graduate studies.6.我为能在上海接待您和您的家人深感愉快，我很高兴我们能在今后的半年里合作共事。
It gives me such a great pleasure to meet you and your family here inShanghai and I am very glad that you will be working with us for the next six months.7.我们将给您配备两名实验助手。
必要时我们还想邀请您的一名同事一起参加我们的一项研究工作。
长难句翻译1-10
长难句翻译
1.一些历史学家们鱼油收到了一些二十世纪女权主义者观点的影响，该观点认为：在家庭
中女性的地位是决定女性社会地位的核心因素之一，所以他们已经低估了女性选举权运动的重要性。
2.自由和尊严是传统理论所定义的自由人所拥有的财富，在要求一个人要对其行为负责
并且要因其成绩而获得荣誉的行为实践中，它们也是必不可少的。
3.中国功夫实际上是种武力，但它更包含了儒家的思想，它关乎于仁，是推己及人，也是
己所不欲勿施于人。
4.科学家们指出，科学向前推进，与其说是由于一些天才伟人们的洞察力，还不如说是因
为诸如改进了技术和工具之类的更为普遍的东西。
5.知识分子的作用与法官的作用类似，后者必须接受这一义务，就是以尽可能浅显的方式
揭示使其做出决定的推理过程。
6.战后婴儿出生蓬勃期的到来以及女士加入到原本由男士一统天下的职场，减少了青少年
的机会，他们已经在质疑是否有必要为攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯以进入好学校、找好工作而做出很大牺牲。
7.一些学术权威人士说，这些极其强烈的大脑运动不仅能够被支配，而且可以有意识地
去控制，帮助我们睡得更好，感觉更好。
8.这一趋势起始于二战期间，当时几个国家得出了一个结论：一个国家想要对其科研机构
提出一些具体的要求，而这些要求通常情况下是很难提前预见到的。
9.他想让这个国家里的每一个人都有同样的机会，无论我们是谁，无论我们从哪里来，无
论我们长什么样，也无论我们爱谁。
10.希腊人认为语言的结构和思维的过程有某种联系，早在人民认识到语言能够非常多样化
之前，这一点在欧洲就已经根深蒂固了。
高口英译汉
高级口译教程1----P483原文Mr. President, your state visit to our country gives us the opportunity and responsibility to chart a course for the future that is more positive, more stable and, hopefully, more productive than our relations have been for the last few years. China is a great country with a rich and proud history and strong future. The spectacular changes, and the stunning achievements you have created, have already impressed the whole world.We recognize that China is making a new history, a history of wonder which is parallel to that of your Tang Dynasty. The direction China takes toward cooperation or conflict will profoundly affect Asia, America, and the world for decades. The emergence of a China as a power that is stable, open, and non-aggressive, that embraces free markets, and that works with us to build a secure international order is deeply in the interests of our people.译文主席先生，您的国事访问给予我们机会并赋予我们责任，为未来制定一条比过去几年里我们两国关系所走过的更积极、更稳定、但愿也是更富有成效的航线。
高级口译 名句翻译
高级口译名句翻译一、“形同意合”的谚语1. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
2. All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.有情人终成成眷属。
3. A man should not bite the hand that feeds him. 不要恩将仇报。
4. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施。
5. Business is business.公事公办。
6. Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
7. Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
8. Fish in troubled waters.浑水摸鱼。
9. Friends must part.聚散离合总有时。
/天下无不散之宴席。
10. Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
11. Health is better than wealth.家有万贯财，不如一身健。
12. Hedges have eyes, walls have ears.隔篱有眼，隔墙有耳。
13. In time of peace prepare for war.居安当思危。
14. Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。
15. Man proposes, God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。
16. Misfortunes never come alone.祸不单行。
17. Money can’t buy time.寸金难买寸光阴。
18. More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。
19. Out of office, out of danger.无官一身轻。
20. Out of sight, out of mind./Far from eye, far from heart. 眼不见为净。
英语翻译长难句
16、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.词汇突破：1.rests on 基于…，取决于…例句：（我给的例句从来都是最接近考研语境的。
）The True Finns' chances probably rest on the degree/ to which Mr Soini is prepared to compromise his anti-EU position.主干：chances probably rest on the degree （机会取决于程度）词汇: compromise 妥协让步；（正统芬兰人党的机会或许将取决于索依尼准备对其反欧盟立场作出让步的程度。
）2. established conventions 已确立的传统3. journalist 新闻记者主干识别：the idea rests on an understanding其他成分：the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen（同位语从句）of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.（定语）翻译点拨：词汇点拨：rests on 基于…established conventions 已确立的传统（规定/习俗）成分的点拨：先翻译同位语从句：the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen新闻记者应比普通公民更加深刻（透彻）地了解法律再翻主句：主句中定语和宾语的处理：an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 对于新闻媒体中已确立的传统和特殊责任的理解根据语义可以确定of the news media.修饰the established conventions and special responsibilities参考译文：新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，这种看法是基于对新闻媒体中已确立的传统（规定）和特殊责任的理解。
长难句英译汉参考
第一节比较结构1. 该工作的难度不是你所能承受的。
2.Sam很清楚，不应该在夜晚单独外出。
3.这个碟子无法承受人们在上面跳舞。
4.语言是我们有机体的一部分，它和有机体一样非常复杂。
5.机器人和汽车一样没有情感。
6.不再有用的旧图书和不再给你带来欢乐的老朋友一样，不应该被抛弃。
7.机器是最没有教育意义的。
8.一个漂亮的女人为自己心爱的人做饭时候的景象是最吸引人的。
9. 炮手利用科学在毁灭身躯，而外科医生却用科学来恢复身躯，还有比这更可怕的景观了吗？10. 该术语所指的行为种类方面的共识，比如何对他们进行解读和分类方面共识要多。
11.他们认为，科学的发展，与其说是通过天才伟人的真知灼见实现的，不如说是依靠改进的技术和工具这样的普通东西实现的。
12.除了新的思维对象，还有新的思维方式，会像过去一样，在将来一定会出现，并带来新的完美标准。
13.护理业不仅是份职业，也是天职。
14. 不像传奇所描述的那样，Axexander Fleming 并没有一看到奶酪上的霉当时当地就产生了青霉素的想法。
15.在美国，一系列复杂的文化标志、观念以及习俗构成了所有的社会关系，这在任何发达社会都是如此。
16.因此，就像较早的理论可以解释大陆的移动性一样，热点也可以解释他们的不定性。
17.自从1991年以来，生产率每年增幅为2%，是1978-19787年间的平均增幅的两倍之多。
18.结果是，加州在20世纪70年代的增长率降到了18.5%，仅仅是20世纪60年代增长率的三分之二，远远低于西部一些州。
19.对历史研究的兴趣与其说来自于对历史作为知识学科的有效性的外部挑战，不如说来自于历史学家们内部的争论。
20.如果实验被计划，并且像科学杂志中的报告所表明地那样，如实进行实施，那么对于管理层来说，期待研究能带来可用金钱计算的结果，也是完全合乎逻辑的。
21.很可能，在一天当中，这里的每一个人都会经历一些列复杂的推理活动，这一推理活动和和科学工作者在探寻自然现象的起因时所经历的推理活动属于同一类，但程度上有所不同。
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高级口译必备长难句翻译在高级口译中，很多同学最怕遇到长难句翻译，今天小编给大家带来了高级口译必备长难句翻译，希望可以帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
口译笔译实战练习：长难句翻译1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.美国的经济基本是以私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济下，消费者在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费，在很大程度上决定了什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求、商人试图最大化其利润的欲望、个人想最大化其收入效用，这三种欲望相结合，决定了什么应该被制造出来，也决定了如何用资源来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered byseller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能的供给，这样反过来又降低了价格，让更多的消费者购买产品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如制定一个产品价格的权利、与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。
5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.同时这些计算机记录下哪些时段是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。
而且计算机也能找到促销活动的对象顾客。
6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，不计其数的其他商业企业，都通过使用计算机给消费者带来更好、更高效的服务。
7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.残疾儿童在许多方面都与其同龄人十分不同。
为了让这些孩子在成长过程中充分发展潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格迅速分销出去，这样(公司)可以建立稳固的国内市场，同时也使提供更具有竞争力出口价格变成可能。
10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.即使议会没有27条规范广告的法案，任何一个正式的广告商也都不敢推销一种无法兑现其在广告中承诺的商品。
口译笔译实战练习：长难句翻译1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.这样非个人的对资金和产业的巨大操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这些资金代表着国民生计中以不负责任手段获取的财富。
他们不但没有负起土地拥有者的责任，而且也几乎同样没有负起作为公司管理者的责任。
2. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇大批涌现，给大量"享受主义"阶级提供居住场所。
这些人早年赚得了丰厚的收入，现在已经退休。
他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社区的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。
3. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系产生的影响并不是积极的。
4. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.公司花钱雇来的职业经理人与工人以及他们需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们的了解也往往并不是私人间的了解。