英国文学史课件13 William Shakespeare
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英国文学史莎士比亚简介ppt课件
超乎寻常的亲族，漠不相关的路人。——《e of nothing.
一无所有只能换来一无所有。——《李尔王》
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
He was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
poetry
In his creation of dramas, he succeeded in combing the two sides of his talent— Shakespeare the poet and Shakespeare the dramatist—into one and produced the most remarkable poetic dramas in England or perhaps in the whole world.
•哈姆雷特Hamlet
•克劳狄斯Claudius
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
乔特鲁德Gertrude 哈姆莱特之母 奥菲利亚Ophelia 波洛涅斯之女
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
莎士比亚简介英文版WilliamShakespeare课件
7
Shakespeare
The New Globe Theater
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The New Globe Theater
Shakespeare
9
3 Features of Shakespeare's drama
The first period ( 1590~1600 ) The second period (1601 ~ 1607) The third period (1608~ 1613)
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow' st,
Nor shall death brag thou wander' st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow' st,
→Early language be gorgeous, late maturity, but always lively and full of image. Many of his phrases win universal praise, become a part of British National language.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature' s changing course untrimmed:
Shakespeare
The New Globe Theater
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The New Globe Theater
Shakespeare
9
3 Features of Shakespeare's drama
The first period ( 1590~1600 ) The second period (1601 ~ 1607) The third period (1608~ 1613)
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow' st,
Nor shall death brag thou wander' st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow' st,
→Early language be gorgeous, late maturity, but always lively and full of image. Many of his phrases win universal praise, become a part of British National language.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature' s changing course untrimmed:
英国文学的皇帝-威廉莎士比亚课件
可是我对她的爱不能说不深；
她占有你，才是我主要的烦忧，
这爱情的损失更能使我伤心。
爱的冒犯者，我这样原谅你们：
你所以爱她，因为晓得我爱她；
也是为我的原故她把我欺瞒，
让我的朋友替我殷勤款待她。
失掉你，我所失是我情人所获，
失掉她，我朋友却找着我所失；
你俩互相找着，而我失掉两个，
两个都为我的原故把我磨折：
英国文学的皇帝-威廉·莎士比亚
剧情梗概是：苏格兰大将麦克白在凯旋归 来的路上，遇到了三个女巫，听到自己是未来 国王的预言，于是野心勃发。回朝后，利用国 王到他家作客的机会，杀死了国王，登上了王 位。为了巩固自己的地位，他派人暗杀了大臣 班柯，杀死武将麦克德夫的妻儿，犯下了累累 罪行。最后，王子马尔康从英格兰借来军队， 兴兵讨伐麦克白。他战败被杀。
英国文学的皇帝-威廉·莎士比亚
麦克白
第一幕
第一场 荒原
雷电。三女巫上。
女巫甲 何时姊妹再相逢，
雷电轰轰雨蒙蒙？
女巫乙 且等烽烟静四陲，
败军高奏凯歌回。
女巫丙 半山夕照尚含辉。
英国文学的皇帝-威廉·莎士比亚
女巫甲 何处相逢？ 女巫乙 在荒原。 女巫丙 共同去见麦克白。 女巫甲 我来了，狸猫精。 女巫乙 癞蛤蟆叫我了。 女巫丙 来也。① 三女巫 （合）美即丑恶丑即美，
被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，
没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。
但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，
也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，
或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，
当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。
只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，
这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。
英国文学的皇帝-威廉·莎士比亚
英国文学的皇帝-威廉·莎士比亚
英美文学欣赏最新版教学课件英国文学 Unit 1 William Shakespeare
啊！换一个姓名吧！ 姓名本来是没有意义的；我们叫做玫瑰的这一种花， 要是换了个名字，它的香味还是同样的芬芳； 罗密欧要是换了别的名字，他的可爱的完美也决不会有丝毫改变。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name; And for that name, which is no part of thee, Take all myself.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date. 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践， 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短；
（注解：诗人自答，对朋友的珍爱之情跃然纸上。原因在于：因为狂风会把 五月娇嫩的花蕾摧残，夏天延续的时间又过于短暂。这后两行是为下面作铺 垫。以上四句是诗的第一节，此为起。)
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? 我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？ （注解：将朋友比作英国气候最宜人的夏季，通俗自然，让人耳目一新。）
Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 你不独比他可爱也比他温婉；
2. What does it mean when Juliet says “that which we call a rose/By my other name would smell as sweet”?
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作品欣赏
Sonnet 18.
Sonnet：十四行诗（或音译为 “商籁体”）是一种格律比较严谨的 诗体。它起源于文艺复兴初期，有多 种变体。莎士比亚十四行诗为五音步 抑扬格，每行十个音节，全诗共分三 节，按照a-b-a-b-c-d-c-d-e-f-e-fg-g 格式押韵。最后两行带有警句性 质，总结全诗内容，为点睛之笔。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name; And for that name, which is no part of thee, Take all myself.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date. 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践， 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短；
（注解：诗人自答，对朋友的珍爱之情跃然纸上。原因在于：因为狂风会把 五月娇嫩的花蕾摧残，夏天延续的时间又过于短暂。这后两行是为下面作铺 垫。以上四句是诗的第一节，此为起。)
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? 我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？ （注解：将朋友比作英国气候最宜人的夏季，通俗自然，让人耳目一新。）
Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 你不独比他可爱也比他温婉；
2. What does it mean when Juliet says “that which we call a rose/By my other name would smell as sweet”?
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作品欣赏
Sonnet 18.
Sonnet：十四行诗（或音译为 “商籁体”）是一种格律比较严谨的 诗体。它起源于文艺复兴初期，有多 种变体。莎士比亚十四行诗为五音步 抑扬格，每行十个音节，全诗共分三 节，按照a-b-a-b-c-d-c-d-e-f-e-fg-g 格式押韵。最后两行带有警句性 质，总结全诗内容，为点睛之笔。
英美文学欣赏最新版教学课件英国文学 Unit 1 William Shakespeare
天上两颗最璨烂的星， 因为有事它去， 请求她的眼睛代替它们在空中闪耀。
（注解：当这种比蜜还甜的话源源不断地在耳 边倾诉时，相信没有女孩会不动心。）
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
O, be some other name! What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By my other name would smell as sweet. So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call’d, Retain that dear perfection which he owes
世》（Richard III, 1592）、《亨利四世》（Henry IV, 1597）等；喜剧 《仲夏夜之梦》（A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream, 1595）、《威尼斯商人 》（The Merchant of Venice, 1596）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night, 1600）等；悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet, 1594）、《汉 姆雷特》（Hamlet, 1601）、《奥赛罗》（Othello, 1604）、《李尔王》 （King Lear, 1605）、《麦克白》（Macbeth, 1605）等；传奇剧《暴风 雨》（The Tempest, 1612）等。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
An Appreciation of English Literature
Unit 1 William Shakespeare
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作者简介
威廉· 莎士比亚（William Shakespeare, 1564—1616）是英国文艺复兴 时期最伟大的诗人、剧作家，也被认为是 世界文学史上最伟大的诗人和剧作家。莎 士比亚出生于英国中部艾汶河畔的斯特拉 福镇。幼年在当地文法学校学习，20 多岁 只身到伦敦谋生，在剧团里先做杂工，跑 龙套，后成为剧团的演员、编剧和股东。 他的作品共包括37 部剧本、两首长诗和 154 首十四行诗。晚年，他归居故里，颐 养天年，谢世后葬在家乡。斯特拉福镇现 已成为文学爱好者心目中的圣地。
（注解：当这种比蜜还甜的话源源不断地在耳 边倾诉时，相信没有女孩会不动心。）
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
O, be some other name! What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By my other name would smell as sweet. So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call’d, Retain that dear perfection which he owes
世》（Richard III, 1592）、《亨利四世》（Henry IV, 1597）等；喜剧 《仲夏夜之梦》（A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream, 1595）、《威尼斯商人 》（The Merchant of Venice, 1596）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night, 1600）等；悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet, 1594）、《汉 姆雷特》（Hamlet, 1601）、《奥赛罗》（Othello, 1604）、《李尔王》 （King Lear, 1605）、《麦克白》（Macbeth, 1605）等；传奇剧《暴风 雨》（The Tempest, 1612）等。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
An Appreciation of English Literature
Unit 1 William Shakespeare
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作者简介
威廉· 莎士比亚（William Shakespeare, 1564—1616）是英国文艺复兴 时期最伟大的诗人、剧作家，也被认为是 世界文学史上最伟大的诗人和剧作家。莎 士比亚出生于英国中部艾汶河畔的斯特拉 福镇。幼年在当地文法学校学习，20 多岁 只身到伦敦谋生，在剧团里先做杂工，跑 龙套，后成为剧团的演员、编剧和股东。 他的作品共包括37 部剧本、两首长诗和 154 首十四行诗。晚年，他归居故里，颐 养天年，谢世后葬在家乡。斯特拉福镇现 已成为文学爱好者心目中的圣地。
Shakespeare莎士比亚文学作品介绍(英文)(课堂PPT)
About thirty years old at the start of the play, the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King
Hamlet, the nephew of the present king, Claudius.
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Hamlet’s soliloquy
生存还是毁灭,这是个问题. 17
William Shakespeare –
All the world's a Stage (from As You Like
It) )
Alபைடு நூலகம் the world's a stage, And all
the men and women merely
players: They have their exits
21
The Cost of a Show
1 shilling to stand 2 shillings to sit in
the balcony 1 shilling was
10% of their weekly income
22
Actors
Only men and boys
Young boys whose voices had not changed play women’s roles
In Shakespeare’s day, English grammar and spelling were less standardised than they are now, and his use of language helped shape modern English.
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Ben Jonson dedicated（devoted） a poem in praise of Shakespeare
Hamlet, the nephew of the present king, Claudius.
27
Hamlet’s soliloquy
生存还是毁灭,这是个问题. 17
William Shakespeare –
All the world's a Stage (from As You Like
It) )
Alபைடு நூலகம் the world's a stage, And all
the men and women merely
players: They have their exits
21
The Cost of a Show
1 shilling to stand 2 shillings to sit in
the balcony 1 shilling was
10% of their weekly income
22
Actors
Only men and boys
Young boys whose voices had not changed play women’s roles
In Shakespeare’s day, English grammar and spelling were less standardised than they are now, and his use of language helped shape modern English.
20
Ben Jonson dedicated（devoted） a poem in praise of Shakespeare
William Shakespeare莎士比亚.ppt
• Characterization: Several plays of this period–including Pericles, The Winter's Tale, and Cymbeline–introduce characters who suffer loss, then regain what they have lost. Superb, deeply insightful Dialogue: Highly creative, with many memorable passages in both verse and prose.
3. Major plays--men-centered.
• (1) Romeo and Juliet--tragic love and fate (2) The Merchant of Venice. Good over evil. (3) Henry IV. National unity.
• (7) King Lear Filial ingratitude (8) Macbeth Ambition vs. fate. (9) Antony and Cleopatra. Passion vs. reason (10) The Tempest Reconciliation; reality and illusion.
• Balanced Period
• Plays: All's Well That Ends Well, As You Like It, Hamlet*, Henry IV Part I, Henry IV Part II, Henry V, Julius Caesar, Measure for Measure*, Merchant of Venice*, Merry Wives of Windsor, Much Ado About Nothing, Othello*, Troilus and Cressida, Twelfth Night. Style in General: Less technically rigid; more creative. The plots are generally well designed. Shakespeare demonstrates his range by writing outstanding works in three genres: comedy, tragedy and history. In addition, he presents a highly tragic character, Shylock, in a comedy (The Merchant of Venice). Characterization: Strong and rounded, reflecting deep insight into human nature.
3. Major plays--men-centered.
• (1) Romeo and Juliet--tragic love and fate (2) The Merchant of Venice. Good over evil. (3) Henry IV. National unity.
• (7) King Lear Filial ingratitude (8) Macbeth Ambition vs. fate. (9) Antony and Cleopatra. Passion vs. reason (10) The Tempest Reconciliation; reality and illusion.
• Balanced Period
• Plays: All's Well That Ends Well, As You Like It, Hamlet*, Henry IV Part I, Henry IV Part II, Henry V, Julius Caesar, Measure for Measure*, Merchant of Venice*, Merry Wives of Windsor, Much Ado About Nothing, Othello*, Troilus and Cressida, Twelfth Night. Style in General: Less technically rigid; more creative. The plots are generally well designed. Shakespeare demonstrates his range by writing outstanding works in three genres: comedy, tragedy and history. In addition, he presents a highly tragic character, Shylock, in a comedy (The Merchant of Venice). Characterization: Strong and rounded, reflecting deep insight into human nature.
【全文】英国文学史-莎士比亚-William-Shakespeare(1564-1616)PPT课件
His Major Plays
• I. 1590-1600 • comedies (keynote: optimism) • Henry VI; Henry IV; Julius Caesar; A Mid-Summer
Night‘s Dream; Twelfth Night; Much Ado about Nothing; The Merchant of Venice; The Merry Wives of Windsor; Romeo and Juliet • II. 1601-1608: A series of tragedies
Key-note: pessimism; merciless exposure Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth • III.1609-1612 Comedies (Key-note: conciliation) The Tempest •
Two Narrative Poems
structure
• Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet.
It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet , and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg.
replied.
• “fourth floor,” shouted the passenger to the elevator.
• “Here you are, son.” • “How dare you call me ‘son’”? • “Sir, I called ,or whatever, I
WilliamShakespeare.ppt
Early life
At the age of 18, Shakespeare married the 26-year-old Anne Hathaway.
Six months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a daughter, Susanna, baptised 26 May 1583. Twins, son Hamnet and daughter Judith, followed almost two years later and were baptised 2 February 1585.
William Shakespeare
To be or not to be , it’s a question.
Enjoy some words
William Shakespeare
He invented over 1700 of our common words by changing nouns into verbs, changing verbs into adjectives, connecting words never before used together, adding prefixes and suffixes, and devising words wholly original.
Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11 August 1596.
Early life
After the birth of the twins, Shakespeare left few historical traces until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592.
莎士比亚 英国文学课件
• May 9, 1594 Registration of The Rape of Lucrece On May 9, 1594, the poem was entered in the Hall
Book of the Worshipful Company of Stationers, the English government's pre-publication registry. The poem was listed in the Hall Book under the title of The Ravyshement [Ravishment] of Lucrece but was published with the title Lucrece. The Rape of Lucrece was substituted as a title at a later date. The Rape of Lucrece is a narrative poem resembling a revenge tragedy with 1,855 lines.
＊Other sonnet sequences
The River Duddon by W. Wordsworth(达顿河) The House of Life by D. G. Rossetti(生命的殿堂) Sonnets from the Portuguese by E. B.
Browning(葡萄牙十四行诗)
Shakespeare the Poet
The definition of Sonnet
A lyric consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate scheme.
William-Shakespeare(1564-1616)PPT课件
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The old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery(背 叛 ) and infidelity(不忠实 );
Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to crimes
说 ).
.
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Shakespeare’s school
From the age of seven to about 14, he attended
Stratford Grammar S. chool .
11
3.Marriage
Married Anne Hathaway, daughter of a farmer, Richard Hathaway on November 28, 1582.
.
18
5. Shakespeare Prospers
1598 built Globe Theatre, owned shares in it.
Recognized as a genius in his own time
.
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20
The New Global Theater
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The New Globe Theater
Eight years older than William.
Three months pregnant when married.
.
12
The family tree
W illiam Shakespere Anne Hatthaway
英国文学史 莎士比亚 William Shakespeare(1564-1616)
structure
• Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet , and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg.
Structure
• The sonnet contains fourteen lines and is written in iambic pentameter, It is composed of three rhyming quatrains with a rhyming couplet at the end and follows the traditional English rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
William Shakespeare(1564-1616)
He was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist.
• e.g.
•
Then there was the man in the restaurant. • “ You are not eating your fish,” the waitress said to him. • ‘Anything wrong with you ?” • “ Long time no see,”the
英国文学 莎士比亚课件
His Comedies
Shakespeare wrote his comedies in his early period. In these plays he portrayed the young people who had just freed themselves from the feudal fetters. He sang of their youth, their love and ideal of happiness. The heroes and heroines were sons and daughters of the Renaissance. They trust not in God or King but in themselves. Usually there are two groups of characters in Shakespeare's comedies. The first group is composed of characters of young men and young women. They live in the world of youth and dreams and laughter, and fight for their happiness. The second group consists of simple and shrewd clowns and other common people. These characters make the play full of humour and laughter. The success of Shakespeare's comedies owes much to the appearance of clowns. Without them the
英国文学课件Shakespeare 莎士比亚
台州学院英国文学课程组
The Three Periods of Literary Career PP71-72） （PP71-72）
1st: 1590-1600 1590comedies 2nd: 1601-1608 1601tragedies 3rd: 1609-1612 1609histories
台州学院英国文学课程组
台州学院英国文学课程组
Christopher Marlowe
The greatest pioneer of English drama who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.
台州学院英国文学课程组
台州学院英国文学课程组
In the Renaissance period , scholars and educators called themselves humanists and began to emphasize the capacities of the human mind and they held their chief interest in man’s values and his environment and doings . So humanism became the keynote of the English Renaissance.
Othello
台州学院英国文学课程组
台州学院英国文学课程组
1971 film version of Shakespeare's Macbeth.
台州学院英国文学课程组
Shakespeare is not of an age, but for all time. He contributed 154 sonnets, 37 plays, and 2 long narrative poems to the literary legacy of the world.
第三章文艺复兴时期文学第三节莎士比亚戏剧ppt课件
莎士比亚(1564.4.23—1616.4.23) (Willem Shakespeare)
在西方文学史上，只有很个别的作家有资格这样说：如果没有他，整个文学将变成另外一个样子。莎士比亚无疑是其中最有资格的一个。
在西方世界，一般人家必备的两本书，一本是《圣经》，一本就是《莎士比亚全集》。1984年选举世界10名伟大作家，莎士比亚(1564—1616年)名列第一。这些都说明莎士比亚是有史以来最负盛名的作家。他的戏剧已被公认为是不可企及的典范。难怪英国有了这句谚语。虽然这话有浓厚的殖民色彩，但莎士比亚的重要性也可见一斑。
《威尼斯商人》
人物：安东尼奥、 巴萨尼奥、 夏洛克、 鲍西娅 三条情节线： 1.安东尼奥和夏洛克围绕一磅肉的诉讼，反映商业资本和高利贷资本的冲突，白人和犹太人的矛盾。 2.巴萨尼奥与鲍西娅三匣择亲的故事，反映自由恋爱和金钱婚姻的冲突。 3.罗兰佐与杰西卡携款私奔的故事，反映夏洛克与杰西卡之间的父女冲突。
喜剧：10部
①《错误的喜剧》（1592） 中译本全集2卷 ②《驯悍记》（1593） 中译本全集3卷 ③《维洛那二绅士》（1594） 中译本全集1卷 ④《爱的徒劳》（1595） 中译本全集2卷 ⑤《仲夏夜之梦》（1596） 中译本全集2卷 ⑥《威尼斯商人》（1596） 中译本全集3卷 ⑦《无事生非》（1578） 中译本全集2卷 ⑧《温莎的风流娘儿们》（1598） 中译本全集1卷 ⑨《皆大欢喜》（1599） 中译本全集3卷 ⑩《第十二夜》（1600） 中译本全集4卷
纪念像龛
纪念碑像
竖立在斯特拉福德镇的莎士比亚纪念碑像（1888），柱子顶部是莎士比亚坐像，柱子四周有四个像：福斯塔夫代表喜剧，麦克白夫人代表悲剧，亨利五世代表历史，哈姆莱特代表哲学。
莎士比亚的创作
在西方文学史上，只有很个别的作家有资格这样说：如果没有他，整个文学将变成另外一个样子。莎士比亚无疑是其中最有资格的一个。
在西方世界，一般人家必备的两本书，一本是《圣经》，一本就是《莎士比亚全集》。1984年选举世界10名伟大作家，莎士比亚(1564—1616年)名列第一。这些都说明莎士比亚是有史以来最负盛名的作家。他的戏剧已被公认为是不可企及的典范。难怪英国有了这句谚语。虽然这话有浓厚的殖民色彩，但莎士比亚的重要性也可见一斑。
《威尼斯商人》
人物：安东尼奥、 巴萨尼奥、 夏洛克、 鲍西娅 三条情节线： 1.安东尼奥和夏洛克围绕一磅肉的诉讼，反映商业资本和高利贷资本的冲突，白人和犹太人的矛盾。 2.巴萨尼奥与鲍西娅三匣择亲的故事，反映自由恋爱和金钱婚姻的冲突。 3.罗兰佐与杰西卡携款私奔的故事，反映夏洛克与杰西卡之间的父女冲突。
喜剧：10部
①《错误的喜剧》（1592） 中译本全集2卷 ②《驯悍记》（1593） 中译本全集3卷 ③《维洛那二绅士》（1594） 中译本全集1卷 ④《爱的徒劳》（1595） 中译本全集2卷 ⑤《仲夏夜之梦》（1596） 中译本全集2卷 ⑥《威尼斯商人》（1596） 中译本全集3卷 ⑦《无事生非》（1578） 中译本全集2卷 ⑧《温莎的风流娘儿们》（1598） 中译本全集1卷 ⑨《皆大欢喜》（1599） 中译本全集3卷 ⑩《第十二夜》（1600） 中译本全集4卷
纪念像龛
纪念碑像
竖立在斯特拉福德镇的莎士比亚纪念碑像（1888），柱子顶部是莎士比亚坐像，柱子四周有四个像：福斯塔夫代表喜剧，麦克白夫人代表悲剧，亨利五世代表历史，哈姆莱特代表哲学。
莎士比亚的创作
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我怎能将你比作夏日？ 你比它更可爱更温婉。 狂风将五月蓓蕾吞噬， 夏日风情又何其短暂！ 苍穹之眼照得太灼热， 金色容颜遭乌云遮挡。 有不测风云横加摧折， 世间妩媚终不免消亡。 而长夏伴你永不衰败， 亦将永葆你风姿曼妙。 当你与不朽诗行同在， 死神亦不敢对你夸耀。 只要人类还耳聪目明， 你与此诗将万古长青。
Sonnet 18
我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？ 你不独比它可爱也比它温婉： 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践， 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短： 天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈， 它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽： 被机缘或无常的天道所摧折， 没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。 但是你的长夏永远不会雕落， 也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳， 或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊， 当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。 只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛， 这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。 怎可将汝比夏天？ 汝比夏天更温婉。 五月娇蕊风吹断， 夏季风情何其短！ 灼灼日光照苍天， 金色面庞常暗淡。 天道无常云舒卷， 世间妩媚终凋残。 汝有夏天永安恬， 满园群芳长娇艳， 不朽诗行永相伴， 死神对此空喟叹。 只要人类睁眼看， 此诗与汝共璀璨。
The theme of it
It manifests the triumph of love and friendship over greed and brutality. True virtue is innward virtue. The love between young people justifies all. We can spot the racial discrimination and religious persecution in the play. Consistent hatred for the oppressor and sympathy for the oppressed.
He was the son of a farmer merchant At 7 he went to a grammar school and stayed there for 6 years where he studied Latin and Greek. He once worked as a schoolmaster At the age of 18 he married a farmer girl who was 8 years old than him He annoyed Sir Thomas Lucy and composed a satirical ballad to satirize him He went to London and started from an actor and playwright and a proprietor. He was very prolific and altogether wrote 37 plays, 2 long poems and 154 sonnets.
Writing technique
1.He made use of blank verse in his drama for noble characters. For the lower class he used straightforward conversations. 2. Contrast about characters, settings, behaviors, etc. 3. Irony and satire 4. The use of disguises and imagery
William Shakespeare
威廉 莎士比亚
Life introduction
The greatest writer of all the British literary men One of the first founders of realism A master-hand of realistic portrayal of human characters and relations One of the ten literary masters in world Karl Marx once said Aeschylus and Shakespeare were genius around the world He was born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford-onAvon, Warwickshire
The Merchant of Venice
Antonio Bassanio Lorenzo(Bassa nio’s friend) Gratiano (Bassanio’s friend) Doctor Bellario ( lawyer)
Shylock
Portia Jessica Nerissa
Subject for Shakespeare’s play
1 Appearance and reality two worlds: what we see on the surface and the truth that lies underneath
King Lear：the appearent love of the first two daughters and the real love of the youngest daughter.
His works
Tragedy
Hamlet King Lear Macbeth Othello
Comedy
The Twelfth Night The Merchant of Venice A Midsummer Night’s Dream As You Like It
History Romance 传奇剧
2 Love Comedy: love is at the heart of the play—good health, and happy relationships end in marriage. Love is used as a symbol of harmony and happiness. Tragedy: love is defenseless against evil. 3 Kingship and politics The wielding of power, morality of government and the reality of politics. King is appointed by God—Divine Right of Kings. It is sinful to kill or remove a king because it is against God’s will.
Theme
1 Self-knowledge is essential for one to live a real happy life—humanism. 2 People cannot hide away from life but should confront fate with courage and strength. 3 King is the source for the whole strength and stability of the state.
1588-1592 he was in London as an actor and playwright 1592-1598 he devoted to chronicle histories and comedies 1598-1609 he wrote tragedies and romances In 1610 he returned to his hometown
The Main Idea of Hamlet
Hamlet Horatio, his friend Ophelia
Claudius Gertrude
Rosencrantz ( spied on Hamlet and Guildenstern sent him to England)
4 Good and evil Evil people are selfish and will in the end be triumphed by good. 5 Energy and time. Energy and enthusiasm for life are major virtues. The energetic heroes and heroines know about time—when to act and when to wait for they know instant action is not always the right thing.
6 destiny, fate, stoicism and courage Destiny and fate are the controlling and often unseen powers of the universe. Courage and stoicism( the capacity to endure), love and determination to overcome destiny and fate are prime virtue.
The theme of Hamlet
The play manifests a paradox of guilt and justice which demands appropriate action. The play proves the futility of trying to undo the past. From the play we can infer the evil can shatter all the harmony.
Polonius (garrulous chamberlain) Laertes (returned from France)