有机化学专业英语精选ppt

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-C(=NH)-NH2
Байду номын сангаасAmidino
-(C)(=NH)-NH2 整理 ---
-carboxamide -amide
-carboxamidine -amidine 10
Class nitriles
aldehydes
ketones Alcohols and
phenols thiols amines imines ethers sulfides
salts
esters
acid halides
amides
amidine
Formula
Prefix
Suffix
-COOH
carboxy
-carboxylic acid
-(C)OOH -SO3H -COOM
-(C)OOM
sulfo
------
-oic acid -sulfonic acid
metal…carboxylate metal…oate
-COOR -(C)OOR -CO-halogen -(C)O-halide
R-oxycarbonyl ----
Haloformyl ----
R-carboxylate R-carboxylate -carbonyl halide
-oyl halide
-CO-NH2
Carbamoyl
-(C)O-NH2
fossil fuels or plant material
整理
4
Introduction
• Most current research focuses on Organic • Originally from “organic” meaning life • Not just chemistry of life, chemistry of carbon • Exceptions:
整理
3
Origin of organic compounds
• Naturally occurring organic compounds are found in plants, animals, and fossil fuels
• All of these have a plant origin • All of these rely on the “fixing” of C from CO2 • Synthetic organic compounds are derived from
整理
CCC CC
5
Carbon forms four bonds
• Carbon can form four bonds, and forms strong covalent bonds with other elements
• This can be represented in many ways …
• 第四周始星期四晚9，10节课调至新图书馆一楼就
业指导中心整的理 多媒体教室
1
For example
学报： 《有机化学》、《无机化学》、 《分析化学》、《物理化学》、 《中国化学》、《高分子化学》、 《理化检验》………..
高校化学工程学报
整理
2
有机化合物命名
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
iodo iodosyl
整理
-N2 -N3 -NO -NO2 -OR -SR
prefix
iodyl dihydroxyi
odo diazo azido nitroso nitro R-oxy R-thio
9
主要官能团作词头和词尾时的应用名称
Class carboxylic
acid sulfonic acid
• E.g. the simplest group is hydrocarbons
Made up of only C and H
Not really a functional “group”
Further divided into:
• Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics
• Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features
• About 100 functional groups exist, we will focus on about 10
• Useful to group the infinite number of possible organic compounds
H
O
C
C
Cl
CC
Cl
H
H
Cl
CH C
H3C
C
CH
CH CH
CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 3 H 3 C C H 2 C H 整2 理 C H 2 C H 26
Organic Chemistry:
Functional Groups
整理
7
Functional groups
整理
8
一些作词头的常见官能团
Characteristic group -Br -Cl
-ClO -ClO2 -ClO3
-F -I -IO
prefix
bromo chloro
Characteristic group
-IO2 -I(OH)2
chlorosyl chloryl perchloryl fluoro
– oxides of carbon (CO2, CO) – carbonates,bicarbonates(NaHCO3,CaCO3) – cyanides (NaCN, etc)
One C with no H, or with metal • Carbon can form four bonds…
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Formula -C=N -(C)=N -CHO -(C)HO
=(C)=O -OH
Prefix Cyano
---formyl
oxo
oxo hydroxy