神经科学及神经生物学PPT课件

• Santiago Ramón y Cajal
• born May 1, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain died Oct. 17, 1934, Madrid Spanish histologist who (with Camillo Golgi) received the 1906 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for establishing the neuron, or nerve cell, as the basic unit of nervous structure. This finding was instrumental in the recognition of the neuron's fundamental role in nervous function and in gaining a modern understanding of the
For their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons.
（四）电生理研究向神经化学研究的过渡
神经化学解剖 (乙酰胆碱, 1936)
O.Loewi (德国.、英国, 1873~1961) 蛙心灌流实验, “迷走物质” H.Dale (英国, 1875~1968) 证实迷走神经末梢分泌ACh
1962年“Neuroscience Research Program” (NRP)
1969年美国神经科学会 1989年“脑的十年”
二、百年来神经科学领域部分诺贝尔 获奖项目
自1901年首次颁发诺贝尔医学奖或生理学奖以 来, 来共授予100多个奖项.其中与神经科学相关的 有20多项.以下是其中的一些获奖的项目介绍。
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Andrew Fielding Huxley
1/3 of the prize
1/3 of the prize
United Kingdom University of Cambridge
United Kingdom London University London, United Kingdom b. 1917
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington 1/2 of the prize United Kingdom University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom b. 1857 d. 1952
Edgar Douglas Adrபைடு நூலகம்an 1/2 of the prize United Kingdom University of Cambridge Cambridge, United Kingdom b. 1889 d. 1977
nerve impulse.
（二）神经元的电活动 生物电与突触电位(1963)
A.L.Hodgkin(1914~1999)
A.F.Huxley(1917~) 电压钳技术; 动作电位的离子学说; J.C.Eccles (澳大利亚,1903~1999) 突触后电位
For their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane.
United Kingdom
b. 1914
d. 1998
Sir John Carew Eccles 1/3 of the prize Australia Australian National University Canberra, Australia b. 1903 d. 1997
（三）突触及反射
一、神经科学的概念及发展简史
神经科学及神经生物学 （Neuroscience & Neurobiology）
从分子、细胞、器官的不同水平研究脑在正 常生理状态及发育过程的形态结构、功能、基因 及调控过程以及各种神经、精神疾病发生、发展 的过程，最终揭示脑的奥秘、预防及治疗神经、 精神疾病。
1960年国际脑研究组织 ( International Brain Research Organization IBRO)
（一）神经元学说 (1906)
C.Golgi (意大利,1843~1926 ) 发明神经元染色方法 R. Cajal (西班牙,1852~1934 ) 发现神经元之间无
原生质联系
• Camillo Golgi
• born July 7, 1843/44, Corteno, Italy died Jan. 21, 1926, Pavia Italian physician and cytologist whose investigations into the fine structure of the nervous system earned him (with the Spanish histologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal) the 1906 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. As a physician in Italy , Golgi devised (1873) the silver nitrate method of staining nerve tissue, an invaluable tool in subsequent nerve studies.
突触、反射神经元电活动 (1932)
C.S.Sherrington (英国, Oxford, 1857~1952)
“突触” 的命名; “反射”概念的提出; “交互抑制”的发现
E.D.Adrian (英国, Cambridge, 1989~1977)
感觉神经纤维的电活动; 传入冲动产生的大脑的诱发电位; 运动神经对骨骼肌的控制;