英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Eight_2
高级英语笔记下册
高级英语下册Lesson One1.The lower your position is, the more people you are afraid of . (1)—此处采用了‖the + 比较级…+ the + 比较级…‖结构，表示‖越…，就越…‖，前者是状语从句，后者是主句。
E.g. the more, the better 越多越好。
The harder she worked, the more progress she made. 她工作越努力，进步越大。
2. And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who helped found and build the company and now own and direct it. (1)—who found and build the company and now own and direct it为men 的定语从句。
另外注意，found 意为‖创立、设立‖。
E.g. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国于1949年成立。
这里不要与find 的过去分词found 混淆，因常用的搭配形式为help (to) do sth.3. In the normal course of a business day…(3)—in the course of为固定词组，意为‖在…当中‖。
E.g. In the course of the discussion many constructive opinions were heard.在讨论当中，听到了很多具有建设4. Green is afraid of me because most of the work in my department is done for the Sales Department, which is more important than his department,… (3)—which is more important than his department为the Sales Department的非限时性定语从句。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Eleven_2
Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and Politics Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1…even in Paradise.even when he is dead.2Human beings, for the most part, are not like this."for the most part" means mostly, most of them.3on that accountbecause of that, on that reason 为了那个缘故The game was cancelled on account of the rain.4…satiety is a dream which will always elude you.…to think that man can become satisfied is an illustion.5…motives that survive the conquest of hunger.…motives that continue to exist when hunger is satisfied.6One of the troubles about vanity is that it grows with what it feeds on.One problem of vanity is that one grows more vain if one is encouraged in one's vanity.虚荣心的问题之一是，越是有鼓励它的东西，虚荣心就越强。
feed on: give food to 给予食物，喂What do you feed your cat on?7the condemned murderera murderer who has been found guilty and sentenced to punishment, possibly the death sentence.8Politicians and literary men are in the same case.政治家和文人也属于此列。
Unit-8 高级英语第2册
Section 3: Detailed Reading
2 Today the combat takes a different shape; instead of wishing to put man in a prison, woman endeavors to escape from one; she no longer seeks to drag him into the realms of immanence but to emerge, herself, into the light of transcendence. Now the attitude of the males creates a new conflict: it is with a bad grace that the man lets her go. He is very well pleased to remain the sovereign subject, the absolute superior, the essential being; he refuses to accept his companion as an equal in any concrete way. She replies to his lack of confidence in her by assuming an aggressive attitude.
In Paragraphs 1-2, the author introduces the changes in the history of feministic movement, reaching the conclusion that the reason why it has failed to reach a more meaningful result lies in the weak point of its mentality.
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Six_2
Lesson Six Trifles (Part Two) Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1You won't feel them when you go out.If you don't take of your things (coat,etc.), when you put them on again to go out into the cold you won't feel you have them on.2Frank's fire didn't do much up there…The fire Frank made didn't make the upstairs room warmer…3Well, let's go out to the barn and get that cleared up.Here " to clear up" means to find out what can be discovered there, so that we know whether the barn has anything to do with the murder.4…smoothing out a block with decision.…she smoothed a square part of the quilt with determination.5It's all over the place!针脚很乱！6…as if she didn't know what she was about!…as if she didn't know what she was doing!7They may be through sooner than we think.They may finish their work in the barn sooner than we expected.8…they'd be about it.…they should hurry up with it.9… and no company when he did come in.…after work when he finally came into the house, he did not keep his wife company, which means he was not pleasant to be with and his wife still felt lonely even though he was in the house.10Not to know him.I don't know him well.11Here's some red.Here are some red patches.12It's all - other side to.The neck is twisted to the other side.13They're superstitious, you know. They leave.Cat have insticts for unlucky things to happen and they leave the place before unlucky things happen.14I knew John Wright.I knew what kind of person John Wright was, I am sure it was he who killed the bird.15But you know juries when it comes to women.Juries are always more sympathetic to women and we need convincing evidence to make them convict women.16…a sheriff's wife is married to the law.…a sheriffs wife is law abiding, is always on the side of the law.17Not - just that way.Not just thinking about the law and being law abiding.18 A moment Mrs. Hale holds her…Mrs. Hale's eyes hold Mrs. Peter's eyes for a moment…They look into each other's eyes for a moment…19He didn't drink, and kept his word as well as most.He didn't drink alcohol and tried his best to keep his promise.keep one's word: keep one's promise 信守诺言He never fails to keep his word so you can rely upon him.20Now let's go up again and go over it piece by piece.Now le't go upstairs once again and examine the room little by little.piece by piece: one at a time 一件一件地，逐渐地We have to clean the big house piece by piece.21The two women sit there not looking at one another, but as if peering into something.The two women sit there not looking at each other, but as if gazing into something.peer into: look closely 凝视，盯着看He peered into the pictures on the screen.22Catches herself.Mrs. Peters stopped speaking suddenly.catch oneself: stop speaking suddenly, shut up 突然住嘴Tome caught himself, knowing that he had said something unsuitable.23Very nervously begins winding this around the bottle.Very nervously begins wrapping the petticoat closely around the bottle.wind something around something: fold or wrap closely 包紧，裹住She wound a blanket around her baby.24Under her breath.Mrs. Hales speaks in a whisper.under one;s breath: in as whisper 低声地说某事The grandpa spoke to me under his breath.25She …goes to pieces, stands there helpless.She breaks up mentally, stands there without knowing what to do.go to pieces: break up physically, mentally or morally （肉体，精神，或道德）崩溃He went to pieces when he knew that he was dismissed.。
英语专业自考专升本—— 00600高级英语课后答案
高级英语课后答案上册Lesson One What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?A1. 1) The author uses the two quotations to introduce the discussion and express his ideas aboutrock music and young culture heroes. 2) Yes, they are.2. The author uses the three examples to show that the young people worship the rock superstarsvery much, but the adults find these rock superstars are sick. These examples are used to show that young people and adults have totally different attitudes towards rock music.3. Irving Horowitz believes that rock music can express its time. He sees it as a debating forumwhere American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.4. When he appeared on the Ed. Sullivan Sunday night variety show in front of millions, a kind of“debate” took place. Most of the old people frowned while most of the young viewers applauded.5. Bob Dylan touched a nerve of disaffection. The Beatles urged peace and piety. The RollingStones demanded revolution.6. Apart from politics, the rock music dealt with a range of feelings and emotions.7. The rock superstars got applause, praise and money.8. No, he hasn’t. It is impossible for the author to give a complete answer in a short article. Heends his article with questions because he wants to leave the question to the readers and let them think.B1.他描述道：“贾格尔抓起半加仑水，沿着前台跑，边跑边把水洒向前几排酷热难耐的歌迷身上……”2. 你对这种赞美和英雄崇拜是怎样看的？3. 或者是由于他把你狂热的幻想表演出来了，你就不知不觉地被这个不可思议的小丑吸引？4. 一些社会学家认为，你对这些问题的回答，可以说明你在想什么，社会在想什么。
高级英语 翻译重点(下)
Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My Supper科学毁了我的晚餐I am a fan for Science. My education is scientific and I have, in one field, contributed a monograph to a scientific journal.我是个科学迷。
我是学科学的，曾为一份科学刊物写过某个领域的一篇专题文章。
Science, to my mind, is applied honesty, the one reliable means we have to find out truth.在我看来，科学需运用诚实，是我们发现真理的唯一可靠的手段。
That is why, when error is committed in the name of science, I feel the way a man would if his favorite uncle had taken to drink.因此在以科学的名义做错事时，我的感觉就像一个人最喜欢的叔叔染上酒瘾后的心情一样。
Take cheese, for instance.Here and there, in big cities, small stores and delicatessens specialize in cheese.以奶酪为例。
在大城市到处都有一些小店和熟食店专营奶酪。
At such places, one can buy at least some of the first –rate cheeses that we used to eat在这些地方，至少还能买到过去吃过的一些最好的奶酪---such as those we had with pie and macaroni (通心粉).比如我们在吃馅饼和通心粉时吃的奶酪。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_One_2
Lesson One The Company in Which I work Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time and success of energy and ambition.All of them are elderly now and are exhausted, both physically and mentally, by long years of striving to fulfill their ambition for success.2They seem…always courteous and mute when they ride with others in the public elevators.They always show good manners and do not say a word when they ride with others in the elevators that all company members can use.3They …make promotions…They … decide who are given higher positions…4…and allow their names to be used on announcements that are prepared and issued by somebody else.These announcements have to bear their names to be authoritative. Although they do not prepare and issue theseannouncements, they must allow their names to be used on them.5Nobody is sure anymore who really runs the company (not even the people who are credited with running it), but the company does run.Even the managers at different levels who are thought to be managing the company don't know who really manages the company. This is because their responsiblities are limited. They are also afraid of their superiors. They appear to be running the company, but they do not have the final say. Nevertheless, the company goes in working order.6I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take his time and delay their delivery to people who have an immediate need for them.I will ignore him on most of our assignments and deliver them directly to people who need them. I prefer to do so becauseI do not want to take up his time and delay their delivery.7Green distrusts me fitfully.Green distrusts me from time to time.8He truns scarlet with rage and embarrassment if he has not seen or heard of it.His face turns red because of rage and embarrassment. He is extremely angry because the narrator does not show due repect to him as his boss. He feels embarrassed because it is considered his neglect of duty not to have seen or heard of it.9They are always on trial…They are always examined to see how well they do…10The strain, …, to look good on paper; and there is much paper for them to look good on.They work hard…to make their performances look good in written form, even if their performances may not be that good in reality. And there are a lot of documents such as records and reports, on which they have to make themselves look good.11When they are doing poorly, they are doing terribly.When they are doing badly, that is, when they fail to sell products, they are getting along terribly, that is, they are havinga terrible time.12When a salesman lands a large order or brings in an important new account…When a salesman obtains a large order of goods from a client or brings in an important new account receivable…13They are a vigorous, fun-loving bunch when they are not suffering abdominal cramps or brooding miserably about the future.Apart from this physical trouble in digestion, they are also worried about their future. Otherwise they are vigorous, struggling for success.14who he feels has a grudge against him and is determined to wreck his careerwho he feels has resentment against him and is determined to ruin his careers. This reveals the horrible human relationship in the corporation. People bear ill will against each other.15that they squander generously on other people in and out of the company.that they are generous in spending money on other people.16The company, in fact, will pay for their country club membership and all charges they incur there…The company encourages salesmen to establish good relationship with their clients, so it will pay the fees for them to be members of country clubs, and pay them back the money they spend there.17…it is difficult and dangerous for unmarried salesmen to mix socially with prominent executives and their wives or participate with them in responsible civic affairs.This is to indicate the danger of possible love affairs between unmarried salesman and the wives of prominent executives.With such a fear, prominent executives don't like to mix socially with unmarried salesmen. Yet prominent executives are the company's important clients, whom it cannot afford to lose. So the company does not employ unmarried salesmen in order to avoid such a difficult and dangerous situation.18They thrive on explicit guidance toward clear objectives.They succeed and become prosperous by following their boss's clearly expressed guidance.19There must be something in the makeup of a man that enables him not only be a salesman, but to want to be one.A man must have some special character and temperament to want to be a salesman.20…all that does matter is that the information come form a reputable source.…what is important is that the information should come from a respected source. So long as the source is reputable, they don't mind whether or not the information suits their individual case.21They are not expected to change reality, but merely to find it if they can and suggest ingenious ways of disguising it.This satirizes the nature of their work, which is to use some clever ways to cover up reality.22…in converting whole truths into half truths and half truths into whole ones.…in changing the whole truth into a half truth and changing a half truth into the whole truth. In either case, deception is done.23I am continuously astonished by people in the company who do fall victim to their own propaganda.This is a satire on the people who are deceived by their own propaganda.to fall victim to something: to become a victim of, or be deceived by something.24who graduated from a good business school with honors.who graduated from a good business school with special excellence, or at a level higher than the most basic level.This implies that they shouldn't have been deceived since they are intelligent people.25We goose-step in and goose-step out, change our partners and wander all about, and go back home till we all drop dead."to goose-step" originally means to march without bending the knees.We get inot and out of the company in a seemingly important but actually foolish manner. After work, we go out withpeople from other departments instead of our working partners and stay out late having fun and then go back home till we are so tired out as to fall asleep at once. We live like this day after day till we die.26This makes my boredom worse.This makes me feel even more bored.27I rejoice with tremendous pride and vanity in the compliments I receiveI feel extremely proud and self-conceited when I receive compliments.28I began constructing tables of organization…I began making systematic arrangements by way of tables…A table is a list of facts, information, etc. arranged in columns.29I call these charts my Happiness Charts.Happiness Charts are charts in which one can find happiness. Only when he was arranging these charts could he forget about his agony and feel happy.30These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits…Every time I do these exercises with ill desire to harm others, I feel I am in a much better mood…This is a dark satire on his inability to do anything against those he dislikes.31to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred meritto those young people the company is not yet an organization that has any important worth. If the company has any excellence that is extremely important to them, they will be loyal and stick to the company, instead of taking it as a temporary place to work.32…he would give you a resounding No!, regardless of what inducements were offered.…no matter what incentives might be offered, he would still say loudly that he would not work for the company all his life.33He makes it clear to me every now and then that…He makes it clear to me from time to time that…every now and then: from time to time 时而，不时He goes shopping with his wife every now and then.34And I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take up his time…And I will not let him know on most of our assignments in order not to occupy his time…take up one's time: occupy one's time 占用某人的时间You shouldn't take up the manager's time.35Most of the work we do in my department is, in the long run, trivial.Most of the work we do in my department is of small importance ultimately.in the long run: ultimately 最终地，终极地He will lose money in the longrun.36They are…, always on the verge of failure…They are always on the border of failure.on the verge of: very close to, on the border of 处于……的边缘The bride was on the verge of committing sucide.37for fear they may start doing worse.They are afraid that they may start doing worse.for fear: in order that…should not occur 以免…；唯恐...I daren't tell you what he did, for fear he should be angry with me.38For the most part, they are cheerful, confident and gregarious…。
自考高级英语LessonEightAlessoninLiving.
A Lesson in living
by Maya Angelou
Maya Angelou简介
• 玛雅· 安吉罗(Maya Angelou),1928年4月 4日出生于美国密苏里州圣· 路易斯市。 美国黑人作家、诗人、剧作家、编辑、 演员、导演和教师。在贫民窟的匮乏生 活中长大的安吉罗曾当过厨师、电车售 票员、女招待和舞蹈演员。
• 她的诗歌代表着鲜明的民族主义立场、 “黑色权力”（为黑人种族争取自由和 平等）以及黑人妇女的觉醒。她是好莱 坞第一位非裔女编剧，在卡特和福特两 人政府内任职。 • 2014年5EXT
• The lesson Mrs. Flowers teaches Marguerite is beneficial and far-reaching to Marguerite. Mrs. Flowers singles her out for attention, makes cookies for her and then reads novels to her. From Mrs. Flowers, she also learns the mystery of language, the value of life and good manners in life. Thus, skillfully and gently Mrs. Flowers guided her out of a dead alley into a world of knowledge and enlightenment.
自考00600《高级英语》背熟重点
Lesson 1: Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship? When Mick Jagger’s fans look at him as a high priest or a god, are you with them or against them? Do you share Chris Singer’s almost religious reverence for Bob Dylan? Do you think he – or Dylan – is misguided? Do you reject Alice Cooper as sick? Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown, perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies?Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young PeopleThe trouble with this solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale. Our planet, unfortunately, is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscaped; except for the polar regions, the frontiers are gone. A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life – but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way.Lesson 4: Die as You ChooseIn January the Journal of the American Medical Association published a bizarre letter, in which an anonymous doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request. This started a debate that will rumble on into the autumn, when Californians may vote on a proposed law legalizing euthanasia. The letter was probably written for polemical impact. It is scarcely credible. It’s author claims that he met the cancer patient for the first time, heard five words from her – “Let’s get this over with” – then killer her. Even the most extreme proponents of euthanasia do not support such an action in those circumstances.Lesson 5: I’d Rather Be Black than FemaleIt is still women – about three million volunteers – who do most of this work in the American political world. The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman, a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope stuffing and card-party organizing. I n such a job, she gets a number of free trips to state and sometimes national meetings and conventions, where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes.Lesson 6: A Good Chancethe back door which hung open, we saw people standing in the kitchen. I asked carefully, “What’s wrong?”Nobody spoke but Elgie came over, his bloodshot eyes filled with sorrow and misery. He stood in front of us for a moment and then gestured us to go into the living room. The room was filled with people sitting in silence, and finally Elgie said, quietly, “They shot him.”Lesson 7: Miss BrillAlthough it was so brilliantly fine – the blue sky powdered with gold and the great spots of light like white wine splashed over the Jardins Publiques – Miss Brill was glad that she had decided on her fur. The air was motionless, but when you opened your mouth there was just a faint chill, like a chill from a glass of iced water before you sip, and now and again a leaf came drifting – from nowhere, from they sky. Miss Brill put up her hand and touched her fur. Dear little thing! I t was nice to feel it again. She had taken it out of its box tat afternoon, shaken out the moth-powder, given it a good brush, and rubbed the life back into the dim little eyes. “What has been happening to me?” said the sad little eyes. Oh, how sweet it was to see them snap at her again from the red eiderdown! …But the nose, which was of some black composition, wasn’t at all firm. It must have had a knock, somehow. Never mind – a little dab of black sealing-wax when the time came – when it was absolutely necessary. … Little rogue! Yes, she really felt like that about it. Little rogue biting its tail just by her left ear. She could have taken it off and laid it on her lap and stroked it. She felt a tingling in her hands and arms. But that came from walking, she supposed. And when she breathed, something light and sad – no, not sad, exactly – something gentle seemed to move in her bosom.Lesson 8: A Lesson in Living"It was the best of times and the worst of times. . ." Her voice slid in and curved down through and over the words. She was nearly singing. I wanted to look at the pages. Were they the same that I had read? Or were there notes, music, lined on the pages, as in a hymn book? Her sounds began cascading gently. I knew from listening; to a thousand preachers that she was nearing the end of her reading, and I hadn't really heard, heard to understand, a single word.I have tried often to search behind the sophistication of years for the enchantment I so easilyI said aloud, "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done…" tears of love filled my eyes at my selflessness.Lesson 9: The Trouble with TelevisionEverything about this nation—the structure of the society, its forms of family organization, its economy, its place in the world— has become more complex, not less. Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form of national linkage, is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste.When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself wholesale to a medium for selling?Lesson 11: On Getting Off to SleepWhat a bundle of contradictions is a man! Surety, humour is the saving grace of us, for without it we should die of vexation. With me, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep. If, for example, my intention is to write an essay, and 1 have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper, you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep, no matter what time of the day it is. I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all. Even then, I proceed half-heartedly, in a kind of dream. But let me be between the sheets at a late hour, and I can do anything but sleep. Between chime and chime of the clock I can write essays by the score. Fascinating subjects and noble ideas come pell-mell, each with its appropriate imagery and expression. Nothing stands between me and half-a-dozen imperishable masterpieces but pens, ink, and paper.Lesson 12: Why I Writeof good prose or the rhythm of a good story. Desire to share an experience whichvaluable and ought not to be missed…Lesson 14: I Would Like to Tell You SomethingThe investigation was not staged so that veterans could spill out their hearts or purge their souls; it was done to prove that the policy of the United States in Indochina is tantamount to genocide, and that not only the soldiers are responsible for what is happening, but that everyone here in America who has allowed the brutalization and de-personalization to go on is responsible. It was done also to show that you don't start making things right by prosecuting William Galley, no matter how guilty he may be; you also prosecute the men who encouraged the situation. It was done to show that there is not just one Mylai but countless Mylais and they are continuing every single day. There was an almost total press blackout on the testimony of those veterans.Lesson 15: The Beauty IndustryWomen, it is obvious, are freer than in the past. Freer not only to perform the generally unenviable social functions hitherto reserved to the male, but also freer to exercise the more pleasing, feminine privilege of being attractive. They have the right, if not to be less virtuous than their grandmothers, at any rate to look less virtuous. The British Matron, not long since a creature of austere and even terrifying aspect, now does her best to achieve and perennially preserve the appearance of what her predecessor would have described as a Lost Woman. She often succeeds. But we are not shocked—at any rate, not morally shocked. Aesthetically shocked—yes; we may sometimes be that. But morally, no. We concede that the Matron is morally justified in being preoccupied with her personal appearance. This concession depends on another of a more general nature—a concession to the Body, with a large B, to the Manichaean principle of evil. For we have now come to admit that the body has its rights. And not only rights—duties, actually duties. It has, for example, a duty to do the best it can for itself in the way of strength and beauty. Christian-ascetic ideas no longer trouble us. We demand justice for the body as well as for the soul. Hence, among other things, the fortunes made by face-cream manufacturers and beauty-specialists, by the vendors of rubber reducing belts and massage machines, by the patentees of hair-lotions and the authors of books on the culture of the abdomen.下册Lesson One The Company in Which I workOn days when I ‘m especially melancholy , I began constructing tables of organization….classifying people in the company on the basis of envy , hope , fear , ambition , frustration, rivalry , hatred , or disappointment . I call these charts my Happiness Charts . These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits ----but only for a while . I rank pretty high when the company is analyzed this way , because I ‘m not envious or disappointed , and I have no expectations . At the very top , of course , are those people , mostly young and without dependents , to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work , and who regard their present association with it as something temporary . I put these people at the top because if you asked any one of them if he would choose to spend the rest of his life working for the company , he would give you a resounding No ! , regardless of what inducements were offered . I was that high once . if you asked me that same question today, I would also give you a resounding No ! and add:Lesson Two EvelineBut in her new home , in a distant unknown country , it would not be like that . Then she would be married ---she , Eveline . People would treat her with respect then . She would not be treated as her mother had been . Even now , though she was over nineteen , she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father’s violence . She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations . When they were growing up he had never gone for her , like he used to go for Harry and Ernest , because she was a girl ; but latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother’s sake . And now she had nobody to protect her , Ernest was dead and Harry ,who was in the church decorating business , was nearly always down somewhere in the country . Besides , the invariable squabble for money on Saturday nights had begun to weary her unspeakably . She always gave her entire wages ----seven shillings ----and Harry always sent up what he could , but the trouble was to get any money from her father . He said she used to squander the money , that she had no head , that he wasn’t going to give her his hard-earned money to throw about the streets ,elbowed her way through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions . She had hard work to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school regularly and got their meals regularly . It was hard work ----a hard life ----but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life .She stood among the swaying crowd in the station at the North Wall .He held her hand and she knew that he was speaking to her , saying something about the passage over and over again . The station was full of soldiers with brown baggages . Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat , lying in beside the quay wall , with illumined portholes . She answered nothing . She felt her cheek pale and cold and , out of a maze of distress , she prayed to God to direct her , to show her what was her duty . The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist . If she went , tomorrow she would be on the sea with Frank , steaming towards Buenos Ayres . Their passage had been booked . Could she still draw back after all he had done for her ? Her distress awoke a nausea in her body and she kept moving her lips in silent fervent prayer .Lesson Three What’s Wrong With Our Press ?The fact is that although network television still allots too little time to the vital service of informing the public , it does a better job in that little time than the nation’s press as a whole . And when I speak of the nation’s press as a whole , I am not speaking of the five or six splendid newspapers ----and the one great newspaper -----which serve the world as models of responsible public information . I am speaking of the local press which in hundreds of American communities is the only news available , aside from those recitals of ticker tape that pass for radio news .Fortunately for the American public , television does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact , the kind of partisan virulence and personal peeve , that many newspapers not only welcome but encourage . In its entertainment , television caters far too much to the lowest instincts of man , particularly the lust for violence . But there is one appetite it does not feed and which the partisan newspapers of the nation do : the appetite for hate ---hate of whatever is different . I do not find on televison the kind of editorials chronic in the New York tabloids as well as in many local papers across the country .that elevates news above dogfood . it is easier to write editorial copy that appeal to emotion rather than reason .Lesson Four The Tragedy of Old Age in AmericaWhat can we possibly conclude from these discrepant points of view ? Our popular attitudes could be summed up as a combination of wishful thinking and stark terror . We base our feelings on primitive fears , prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight . In reality , the way one experiences old age is contingent upon physical health , personality , earlier-life experiences , the actual circumstances of late –life events ( in what order they occur , how they occur , when they occur ) and the social supports one receives : adequate finances , shelter, medical care , social roles , religious support , recreation . All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life .Lesson Seven Ace in the HoleNo sooner did his car touch the boulevard heading home than Ace flicked on the radio . He needed the radio , especially today . In the seconds before the tubes warmed up , he said aloud , doing it just to hear a human voice , “ Jesus . She ‘ll pop her lid . “ His voice , though familiar , irked him ; it sounded thin and scratchy . In a deeper register Ace added , “ She’ll murder me . “ Then the radio came on , warm and strong , so he stopped worrying . The five Kings were doing “ Blueberry Hill “ ; to hear them made Ace feel so sure inside that from the pack pinched between the car roof and the sun shield he plucked a cigarette , hung it on his lower lip , snapped a match across the rusty place on the dash . He rolled down the window and snapped the match so it spun end-over-end into the gutter . “ Two points , “ he said , and cocked the cigarette toward the roof of the car , sucked powerfully , and exhaled two plumes through his nostrils . He was beginning to feel like himself , Ace Anderson , for the first time that whole day , a bad day . He beat time on the accelerator . The car jerked crazily .The run must have tuned Bonnie up . When they got back home , as soon as he lowered her into the crib , she began to shout and wave her arms . He didn’t want to play with her . He tossed some blocks and rattle into the crib an walked into the bathroom , where he turned on the hot water andwent bald first . He remembered reading somewhere , though , that baldness shows virility .Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My SupperEconomics entered . It is possible to turn out in quantity a bland , impersonal , practically imperishable substance more or less resembling , say cheese ---at lower cost than cheese . Chain groceries shut out the independent stores and “ standardization “ became a principal means of cutting cost .Lesson Ten How Market Leaders Keep Their EdgeThe third value discipline we have named customer intimacy . Its adherents focus on delivering not what the market wants but what specific customers want . Customer-intimate companies do not pursue one-time transactions ; they cultivate relationships . They specialize in satisfying unique needs , which often only they recognize , through a close relationship with ---and intimate knowledge of ----the customer . Their proposition to the customer: We have the best solution for you , and we provide all the support you need to achieve optimum results , or value , or both , from whatever products you buy . Long distance telephone carrier Cable& Wireless , , for example , practices customer intimacy with a vengeance , achieving success in a highly competitive market by consistently going the extra mile for its selectively chosen , small-business customers .Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and PoliticsBut great as is the influence of the motives we have been considering , there is one which outweighs them all... Power, like vanity, is insatiable. Nothing short of omnipotence could satisfy it completely. And as it is especially the vice of energetic men, the casual efficacy of love of power is out of all proportion to its frequency. It is, indeed, by far the strongest motive in the lives of important men. Love of power is greatly increased by the experience of power, and this applies to petty power as well as to that of potentates. In the happy days before 1914,when well-to-do ladies could acquire a host of servants, their pleasure in exercising power over the domestics steadily increased with age. Similarly, in any autocratic regime, the holders of power become increasingly tyrannical with experience of the delights that power can afford. Since power over human beings is shown inconsent. If you require a building permit, the petty official concerned will obviously get more pleasure from saying "No" than from saying "Yes". It is this sort of thing which makes the love of power such a dangerous motive . But it has other sides which are more desirable . The pursuit of knowledge is, I think, mainly actuated by love of power. And so are all advances in scientific technique. In politics, also, a reformer may have just as strong a love of power as a despot . It would be a complete mistake to decry love of power altogether as a motive. Whether you will be led by this motive to actions which are useful, or to actions which are pernicious, depends upon the social system, and upon your capacities.Lesson Twelve The Everlasting WitnessThe three were eating breakfast on the terrace, a thousand and one felicitous birds in the garden trees. In unsullied damp brown circles of soft earth the roses bloomed serenely against the pink Mexican wall. Marian's brother-in-law read the English page, as dedicated as a nice little boy reading the funnies, and Theresa, Marian's sister, chatted softly and merrily about their next week-end holiday. Theresa's bright smile had always been her mark and now, childless and with a husband beyond war age, and a life both ordered and gay, it looked as if that smile had justified itself.Lesson Thirteen Selected SnobberiesAll men are snobs about something. One is almost tempted to add : There is nothing about which men cannot feel snobbish. But this would doubtless be an exaggeration. There are certain disfiguring and mortal diseases about which there has probably never been any snobbery. I cannot imagine, for exam4ple, that there are any leprosy-snobs. More picturesque diseases, even when they are dangerous, and less dangerous diseases, particularly when they are the diseases of the rich, can be and very frequently are a source of snobbish self-importance. I have met several adolescent consumption-snobs , who thought that it would be romantic to fade away in the flower of youth , like Keats or Marie Bashkirtseff. Alas, the final stages of the consumptive fading are generally a good deal less romantic than these ingenuous young tubercle-snobs seem to imagine . To anyone who has actually witnessed these final stages, the complacent poeticizings of these adolescents must seem as exasperating as they are profoundly pathetic. In the case ofexasperation is not tempered by very much sympathy. People who possesssufficient wealth, not to mention sufficient health, to go travelling from spa to spa. from doctor to fashionable doctor, in search of cures from problematical diseases (which, in so far as they exist at all. probably have their source in overeating) cannot expect us to be .very lavish in our solicitude and pity.lesson fourteen Saturday Night and Sunday MorningHe sat by the canal fishing on a Sunday morning in spring, at an elbow where alders dipped over the water like old men on their last legs, pushed by young sturdy oaks from behind. He straightened his back, his fingers freeing nylon line from a speedily revolving reel. Around him lay knapsack and jacket, an empty catch-net, his bicycle, and two tins of worms dug from the plot of garden at home before setting out. Sun was breaking through clouds, releasing a smell of earth to heaven. Birds sang. A soundless and minuscular explosion of water caught his eye. He moved nearer the edge, stood up, and with a vigorous sweep of his arm, cast out the line.Lesson Fifteen Is America Falling Apart?During my year's stay in New Jersey I let my appetite flower into full Americanism except for one thing. I did not possess an automobile. This self-elected deprivation was a way into the nastier side of the consumer society. Where private ownership prevails, public amenities decay or are prevented from coming into being. The rundown rail services of America are something I try, vainly, to forget. The nightmare of filth, outside and in, that enfolds the trip from Springfield, Mass., to Grand Central Station would not be accepted in backward Europe. But far worse is the nightmare of travel in and around Los Angeles, where public transport does not exist and people are literally choking to death in their exhaust fumes . This is part of the price of individual ownership.Lesson sixteen Through the TunnelAs for Jerry, once he saw that his mother had gained her beach , he began the steep descent to the bay . From where he was, high up among red-brown rocks, it was a scoop of moving bluish green fringed with white. As he went lower, he saw that it spread among small promontories and inlets of rough, sharp rock, and the crisping, lapping surface showed stains of purple and darkerblue.。
高英（高级英语）复习笔记及讲解5
Lesson Eight A Lesson in Living 1.inedible： not fit to be eaten不可⾷的，不宜⾷⽤的2.swirl ：（ cause to ） move or flow at varying speeds ， with twise and turns 涡旋⽽动，使打旋。
如：A gust of wind swirled dust about the streets . 阵风吹起灰尘弥漫⼤街。
The snow was swirling in the air .雪花在空中盘旋。
3.…… that would have peeled like a plum if snagged . peel ： came off in stips or flakes剥落，脱⽪。
如：The wall-paper seems to be peeling off .墙纸看来要剥落了。
4.let alone ： without reference to ， or considering 更不必说。
如； He doesn‘t have money for food ， let alone amusements.他连吃饭的钱都没有，更甭说娱乐了。
5.incessant ： continual， often repeated ：不断的，不停的。
如：incessant chatter 喋喋不休；incessant rain连绵不断的⾬。
6.It would be safe to say that……可以这么说……。
如； It would be safe to say that you would get nowhere if you are so lazy .可以这么说，如果你这样懒惰，你将⼀事⽆成。
7.pick her way：慎⾏。
另如：pick one‘s words精选词语；pick flaws找碴；pick and steal⼩偷⼩摸；pick and choose挑三拣四。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Five_2
Lesson Five Trifles (Part One) Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1are all much bundled upall of them wear a lot of clothes2and would ordinarily be called more comfortable lookingin ordinary times you would say she is cheerful, relaxed looking woman3and you know Frankand you know what kind of person Frank is.4 a party telephone / linea telephone line shared by two or more houses, offices, etc.5that I didn't know as (that) what his wife wanted made much difference to John.It shows that even the neighbour knows that John Wright doesn't pay attention to his wife's needs, that he decides things in the family and that the wife has no say.6And kind of done up.She was, roughly speaking, dressed up.to do up: tidy oneself up, to dress up properly.7Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worrying about her preserves.The sheriff was very much surprised at Mrs. Wright's worry about her preserves. To him, since she was arrested for murder, she should worry about her own life, not such unimportant things as preserves.Can you beat that?Have you ever seen or heard anything as surprising as that?8…that would point to any motive…that would indicate why somebody should want to kill John Wright.9I shouldn't say she had the homemaking instinct.I thingk that it is because she lacks the instinct to mak the home a cheerful place.10I want to get the lay of things…I want to find out the layout of things upstairs, the arrangements of things upstairs11Of course it's no more than their duty.You can't blame them. They are only doing what their duty demands them to do.12but I guess that deputy sheriff … have got a little of this on.but the deputy sheriff might have made the roller towel dirty.13I wonder if it's all gone.I wonder if all the jars containing her preserved fruit were broken.14This all you was to take in?Are these all the things you are going to take in to Mrs. Wright?15I want you to know I had my hands full yesterday.I want you to know that I was very busy yesterday.have one's hands full: to be busy with something 忙于做事David always has his hands full with the work, so he seldom goes shopping with his wife.My daughter always has her hands full with her study.16I spoke to Wright about it once before and he put me off,…I talked about a party telephone with Wright once before but he made excuses to avoid installing a telephone.put somebody off: make excuses and try to avoid 闪避，敷衍He tried to put me off with vague promises.17To be sure.Yes.to be sure: it is admitted, granted 诚然，的确Tom is not rich, to be sure, but he is a gentleman.18But I would like to see what you take, Mrs. Peters, and keep an eye out for anything that might be of use to us.I would like to see what you take and check carefully whether there is something that might be useful to us.keep an eye on: keep a watch on 注意，留神Would you please keep an eye on my lugguage.19I think maybe that's why she kept so much to herself.I think maybe that's why she avoided meeting other people.keep to oneself: avoid meeting people 不与人交往Sally has kept to herself since her husband died.Hanent整理。
自考基础英语下册重点笔记：第8课
自考基础英语下册重点笔记：第8课Lesson Eight Advertising Media重点词汇及短语viewer demographic收视者的人口统计数据target audiences 目标不雅众confuse vt．弄混淆be segmented into被分为，相当于be divided intojazz n．爵士乐rock and roll摇滚乐plenty of大量的，充裕的，后面接可数及不成数名词均可high repeat exposure有很高的重复接触率talk shows（广播中的）问答节目advertising media广告媒介cost effectiveness成本效益重点语段解析(l)It also offers believable coverage, since ads are presented side by side with news.它也提供了可信的广告宣传，因为广告和新闻一块儿出现在报纸上。
side by side并肩地，彼此支持地。
例句：They fight side by side to drive the invader out of their country．他们并肩作战，以把侵略者赶出去。
(2) However, newspapers are generally thrown out after one day, often cannot print in color and have poor reproduction quality．然而，报纸通常在一天以后被扔掉，不能印制成彩色的，再生产质量也差。
throw out在句中为“扔掉”，此外还可译为“说出（尤指无意间），吐露”，如：throw out a secret吐露奥秘。
(3)It allows advertisers to combine sight, sound, and motion, thus appealing to almost all the viewer’s senses．它使得广告商联合图像声音和动作来吸引不雅众的几乎所有感觉。
高级英语第二册8-12课paraphrase
第八课1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom.Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.2. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent of nature.Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.3. …all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.All the above-mentioned work shows how man has transformed nature through his reason and skill.4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together; so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.5. Work became the chief factor in a system of “inner worldly asceticism”, an answer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolated leading this kind of ascetic life.6. Work has became alienated from the working person.In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaning human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or purpose.8. …a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.9. …most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche.Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.10. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if it has better relations with the public.11. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more "high-minded" cover for what is reallya vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.12. He has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.第九课1. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The loud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2. Their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and singsing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3. Exercised their restive horses before the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5. These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopians.The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.6. This is the treason of artist: a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.7. They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.8. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination willbe equal to the task.9. The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the way of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.10. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.11. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.12. Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.第十课1. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4. It was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication.In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit.The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6. Our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. They “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8. They had outgrown towns and families.These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9. The returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition.The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10. Something in tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”.(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down. 11. It was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center.It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality.Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第十一课1. Below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling.The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.2. At heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3. There are not many of these man, either on the board or the shop floor.There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4. It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5. Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show.At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, Englishness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6. While Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake.Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7. To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal change’s sake.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8. I must add that while English can still fight on, Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9. It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10. They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts.These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects. 11. They can be found, too —though not in large numbers because the breed is dying out —among crusty High T ories who avoid the City and directors’ fees.They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises. 12. They are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13. He will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14. To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.15. Heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.第十二课1. It is a complex fate to be an American.The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2. They were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3. We were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4. I do not think that could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5. Europe can be very crippling too.Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.6. It is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.7. A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.8. I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.9. This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.10. On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.11. American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.12. Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people. Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Two_2
Lesson Two Eveline Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores.It doesn't mean that she would still cry a little. The meaning is negative, indicating she would not feel sorry or sad to leave the Stroes.2People would treat her with respect then.In those days a married woman was more worthy of respect than an unmarried woman.3…and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake.But for the sake of her dead mother, he said he would beat her.…并且说，要不是看在她死去的母亲的份上，看他会怎么对付她。
only for: but for要不是for somebody's sake (for the sake of somebody): for the benefit of; because of a desire for 为了…起见；为了…之好处She worked very hard for the sake of her child.4She had hard work to keep the house together…It wasn't easy for her to keep the family members together under the same roof.to keep house: 管家，持家；to keep the house together: 一家人团聚在一起5She always felt pleasantly confused.She was a girl in love with a sailor, so when Frank sang the song, she didn't know if he was merely singing the song about any girl in love with a sailor, or if he meant her who was in love with him, a sailor.6the different servicesthe different kinds of work on the ship7He had fallen on his feet in Buenos Ayres.He had settled dwon in Buenos Ayres.8I know these sailor chaps…I know what kind of people sailors are, fooling around with girls at every port of call （停靠港）.9laid its spell on the very quick of her being.Her mother's sad life cast a strong infulence on the deepest of her feelings.10she prayed to God to direct herWhen she didn't know what to do, she turned to God, a detail which showed how strong the infulence of religion was.11All the seas of the world…Her mind was in a turmoil. She was in a state of utter confusion.12Amid the seasAmid tintense mental struggle13Little Keogh used to keep nixLittle Keogh used to watch outkeep nix: watch out 警戒That little boy likes to keep nix for his brother.14She had always had on edge on her,…She had always had an advantage over herhave an edge on somebody: have an advantage over somebody 较某人占优势，胜过某人It's hard to have an edge on her in study.15When they were growing up he had never gone for her.When the children grew up, the father had never beaten Eveline.go for somebody: attack somebody 攻击某人The dog went for the postman as soon as he opened the garden gate.16She elbowed her way through the crowds and…She pushed her way through the crowdselbow one's way through: push one's way through 推挤向前A young girl elbowed her way through the crowds to shake hands with the movie star.17When she had been laid up for a day, he…When she stayed at home for a day because of illness, he…be laid up: be forced to stay in bed 被迫卧床休息My boss was laid up with a bad cold.。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-上册-Lesson Eight
Lesson Eight A Lesson in Living Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1For nearly a year, I sopped around the house, the Store, the school and the church, like an old biscuit, dirty and inedible.For nearly a year, I spent most of my time on the house, the Store, the school and the church, like an old biscuit, dirty and not suitable for food.2Mrs. Bertha Flowers was the aristocrat of Black Stamps.Mrs. Bertha Flowers 是Stamps 黑人中的贵妇人。
3She had the grace of control to appear warm in the coldest weatherShe had a fine control of her movement to appear warm in the coldest weather.4…and on the Arkansas summer days it seemed she had a private breeze which swirl around, cooling her.…and on the Arkansas summer days she seemed to have a breeze of her own which swirled around, cooling her.5Her skin was a rich black that would have peeled like a plum if snaggedHer skin was a vivid deep black that would have peeled like a plum if it had been snagged.When "rich" is used to modify colour, means "strong and attactive"."if snagged" means if it was torn open by something sharp.6…to ruffle her dress弄皱她的衣服，实际上指“轻浮或轻率地对待她”，即：to trifle with her.7She didn't encourage familiarity.She didn't give people the courage to become intimate with her.8It would be safe to say that she made me proud of be Negro, just by being herself.It would be safe to say that she made me proud of be Negro, just by being a black woman with such a noble personality.9I've been meaning to talk to her.I've been intending to talk to her.10They gave each other agegroup looks.They gave each other meaningful llis, looks that were exchanged among and understood by people of the same age group.11…but that it's all written.…but it's all written work, referring to her school work.12I hung back in the separate unasked and unanswereable questions.hang back ：hesitate 指胆小，怕羞而畏缩。
《高级英语(下)》课文要点
《高级英语（下）》课文要点1. Lesson One The Company in Which I Work1. What kind of life are the salesmen leading?They live and work under extraordinary pressure. When things are bad, they are worse for the salesmen; when things are good, they are not much better. However, they react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected. They love their work, work hard, and earn big salaries.2. How does the narrator feel about his work now?He is bored with his work very often now. He would pass the routine work to the others. He enjoys his work only when the assignments are large and urgent. He frequently feels that he is being taken advantage of, and does not want to spend the rest of his life working for the company. However, he finds there is no way out.3. What do you think is the theme of this passage?This passage is a dark satire on the capacity of the modern corporation world to destroy the human spirit, and on the sacrifice of human dignity because of the desire for personal fame and gain.2. Lesson Two Eveline1. What changes had taken place in her family?In the past, "they seemed to have been rather happy."Now, 1) Her mother was dead;2) Her father became worse;3) Ernest was dead; Harry not at home.2. What made her decide to leave home?1) Hard lifea. no respect at work and at home, though hardworking (a dutiful daughter and sister);b. no protection: her father's violence;c. money affair2) Frank would give her life, perhaps love, too.(p17)3) Her mother's life"Frank would save her." "But she wanted to live."3. Why was she in two minds on the question of leaving or not leaving?A life of quiet desperation.---She had never dreamed of leaving (p3)---At least she had shelter and food and familiar people, and she did not find it a wholly undesirable life (p7)--- She had to explore another life with Frank (p9). She had no confidence.4. Why did she finally refuse to leave?--- National character: Irish paralysis (paralysis: loss or lack of ability to move, act, think, etc.) as shown in the last par.--- Individual character: her timidity (timid: fearful, lacking courage)the image of boat: a strange monsterthe symbol of sea: while offering escape and life, giving warning of death. These opposites reveal her dilemma.3. Lesson Three What's Wrong with Our Press?OutlinePart I IntroductionA. (Par. 1) Newspapers' two advantages over TV (sarcastic)B. (Par.2-4) Survey: People no longer believe in our press.C. (Par. 5) TV does better than the press in informing the public.*How do you interpret newspapers' two advantages?The author is sarcastic in talking about newspapers' "two great advantages". She makes us realize that something is wrong with the press: they have become a habit rather than a function.Part II (Par. 6) What's wrong with our press: Partisanship (rabid bias; one-sidedness)A. (Par. 7)TV presents more than one aspect of an issue.B. (Par. 8) TV provides a wide range of opinion.C. (Par. 9) TV does not feed the appetite for hate.D. (Par. 10-11) TV provides background information.*What's wrong with the American press according to the author?* In what way does TV do a better job than the press in informing the public?Part III ConclusionA. (Par. 12) Good newspapers are hard to find.B. (Par. 13-14) Newspapers have become a habit rather than a function. (resistance to change)C. (Par. 15) The word should be treated with the respect it deserves.* Apart from partisanship, what marks the end of newspapers' usefulness?Newspapers' resistance to change marks the end of their usefulness. Without change they have become a habit rather than a function. They can not perform the vital service of informing the public.*What is the author's purpose in writing the article?The author points out the problems of the American local press in order to call for the press people to treat the word with the respect it deserves, and she also reveals her belief that no picture can ever be an adequate substitute of the word.4. Lesson Four The Tragedy of Old Age in AmericaOutlineI. Attitude toward old ageA. (1) We have not examined old age.B. (2-4) Popular attitudeC. (5) Correct attitudeII. Old age in AmericaA. (6) Root cause of the tragedy: societyB. (7-9) The basic daily requirements for survival: income and housingC. (10) EmploymentD. (11) Heath problemsE. (12) Other problemsF. (13) Old womenG. (14-15) MinoritiesQuestions:1. What are the popular attitudes towards old age?2. What are the interconnected elements that determine the quality of late life?3. Why is old age a tragedy for many elderly Americans?4. What are the major problems the elderly Americans confront?5. What is the author's view of old age?5. Lesson Seven Ace in the HoleAce has just been fired by his boss for damaging a car. He is worried that this might infuriate his wife Eey, and perhaps break up their already shaky marriage. On his way home, he stops by his mother's place to pick up the baby. His mother complains about Evey and hints he should divorce her. All this puts him in a confused and anxious mood. When Evey returns home, they have a squabble, and Evey blurts out a threat to divorce him. It is the baby's funny and clever act that comes to his rescue. Switching on the radio, Ace leads Evey into a dance and the music eases off the tension between them.Ace's experience reflects the plight of the typical American lower-middle class of the 1950s. Life has lost its fresh appeal and drive to him. His social existence is more of a sacrifice than an enterprise. By marrying a Catholic girl, he entraps himself in entangled relationships of family dispute and religious discord. The marriage itself is precarious, and due to recurring crises, it plunges now and then to the brink of collapse. His past glory as a basketball star will not get him any nearer a solution. His only hope seems to lie in the possibility of having more children who might grow up to fulfil his broken dreams.Questions:1. What made Ace so restless during his drive home that day? What was he worried about in particular?2. What do you think their married life was like?3. Was Ace out of the hole at the end of the story? What makes you think so?6. Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My SupperOutline:I. (par.1-2) American food is becoming tastelessII. (par.15-17) Tastelessness leads to obesityIII. (par. 19-23) Americans are losing individualityA. (3-8) CheeseB. (9-14) VegetablesC. (18) Deep-freezingQuestions:1. Why does the author make a distinction between science and the so-called science at the very beginning of the essay?The author wants to make clear to the readers that he himself is an honest lover of science and what he opposes here is the so-called science. This distinction is important for otherwise his essay would be weightless from the outset.2. Why does the author suggest that the tastelessness leads to the national problem of obesity? According to the author, the need to satisfy the sense of taste may be innate and important. When food is tasteless, it may be the instinct of mankind to go on eating in the subconscious hope offinally satisfying the frustrated taste buds. Since American food is becoming more and more tasteless, obesity, therefore, becomes such a national curse.3. Apart from obesity, what are the other consequences of Americans as a nation eating standardized tasteless food?Apart from obesity, the application of "science" to food production also causes people to abandon the quality as people and to become a faceless mob of mediocrities. Besides, American people are losing the great ideas of colorful liberty and dignified individualism.7. Lesson Nine I'll Never Escape the GhettoHis experience:4 years at Whittier College: 1959-632 years at Oxford: Fall 1963-65University of Vienna: Summer 1964Returned home: August 19652 years at Yale Law School: Fall 1965-67Returned home: Summer 1966Wrote the article: 1967Facts:I returned home in Aug. 1965I was home last summerHarlem rioting: Summer 1964Watts rioting: Fall 1965Questions:1. What made him decide to return home and make a career there when he left watts for Whittier College?2. Why did he hide the fact that he was from Watts?3. What did he realize when he was studying at Oxford? What made him realize that?4. What was his reaction to the Harlem rioting?5. How does he compare the wisdom of the street corner with his own schooling?8. Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and PoliticsOutlineI. (1-6) Four fundamental motivesA. Introduction (1)*desire for food*human desires: infinite*other fundamental desires: fourB Acquisitiveness (2-3)*origin: a combination of fear with the desire for necessaries*mainspring of the capitalist system; infiniteC. Rivalry (4)*stronger*dangerousD. Vanity (5)*powerful*a variety of forms*growing with what it feeds onE. Love of power (6)*most powerful*increasing by the experience of power* apt to inflict pain: dangerous*desirable sideII. (7-15) Love of excitementA. A very important motive, though less fundamental (7-10)B. Cause (11-12)C. Necessity of securing innocent outlets (13-15)*social reformers and moralists*Many of its forms are destructive*Civilized life is too tameQuestions:1. What are the four fundamental motives? Explain.2. What is the root cause of love of excitement as a motive?3. Why is it so important to secure an innocent outlet in the modern society?9. Lesson Twelve The Everlasting WitnessOutline:Par.1-2: At breakfast; in her sister's house in MexicoPar. 3-4: The night before; finding three cinemas (recent flashback)Par. 5-12: In America; the newsreel (earlier flashback)*What was the newsreel she chanced to see about?*Why did she come to Mexico?Par.13-end: In Mexico, going to the film alone*What decision did she make on the way to the cinema?*Why did she buy the flowers and then carry them in her heart?Flowers: beauty, peace, hope, affection; mother's love (carnations)in contrast with the cruelty of warFlowers (a big wheel) to life/death: she is ready to accept either*What is the everlasting witness? What is it a witness to? Explain?Open.Jerry's face on the screen (close-up): recorded in form of documentary; the image stamped in the mind of Marian and the audience, and the readers; Jerry is still alive.A witness to the cruelty of war.10. Lesson Thirteen Selected snobberiesThe author's views concerning snobbery:1. All men are snobs about something. (par. 1)2. Snobberies ebb and flow. (par. 2)3. Snobberies stimulate activity. (par. 6)4. Each group of people have their own most highly esteemed snobbery. ("Each hierarchy culminates in its own particular Pope." (par. 7)Chief snobberies discussed in the essay:1. Disease2. Booze3. Modernity4. ArtQuestions:1. What is the motive for disease-snobbery?problematical diseases of the rich; romantic adolescents2. How has modernity-snobbery become so popular in modern society?of a strictly economic character; production is outrunning consumption; organized waste; most perishable articles by producers; advertising; newspapers; docile public.3. What are the two kinds of art-snobs? In what way does the author think the unplatonic art-snobs contribute to society?Platonic snobs are truly interested in artUnplatonic snobs buy art because a collections of works of art is a collection of culture symbols, and culture-symbols still carry social prestige, and, moreover, it is also a collection of wealth symbols.It compels the philistines to pay at least some slight tribute to the things of the mind and so helps to make the world less dangerously unsafe for ideas.And even though they buy works of art because they are modernity-snobs at the same time, it has provided the living artists with the means of subsistence.。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Nine_2
Lesson Nine I'll Never Escape the Ghetto Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1…these are credentials enough to qualify one as coming from Watts.…all this constitutes enough evidence to prove that I come from Watts.2But there is more to it than that.但是事情没有那么简单。
3 A college venture in Watts terms is a fateful act.Gong to college is an act that predetermines one's future, as does fate.在瓦茨人心目中，上大学是件有关命运的冒险行为。
4Watts, like other black ghettos across the country, is, for ambitious youths, a transient status.像全国各地的黑人区一样，对充满雄心壮志的年轻人来说，瓦茨是个暂留之地。
5The Watts-as-a-way-station mentality has a firm hold on both those who remain and those who leave.The mentality of taking Watts as a stopping station on the way to somewhere else has a firm hold on both those who remain and those who leave.把瓦茨视为中转站的心态在留下的及离去的人身上都有牢固的影响。
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Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My Supper Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1Science, to my mind, is applied hoesty…Science is something in which honesty is put into practice. There is no room for cheating in science.2…I feel the way a man would if his favorite uncle had taken to drink.You have mixed feelings if your favorite uncle has got into the bad habit of drinking alcoholic liquor. On the one hand, you feel resentful for his doing so, but on the other hand, as he is your beloved uncle, you may feel bitterly disappointed and sorry for him. This is exactly how the author feels about error committed in the name of science.3America can set as good a table as any nation in the world.America can provide food as good as that provided by any nation in the world.4… it is sad to go back eating with my friends - even the alleged "good cooks" among them.The food prepared by his friends is tasteless. This is true of the food prepared by those friends who are said to be god cooks.So it is sad to go back to eating with them. Here "eating" is a verbal noun, expresses a frequent action.5The latter were sharp but not too sharp.Cheese can be made to be pungent, less pungent or light in taste. Usually the world "sharp" or "medium" or "light" is printed on the package of the cheese for the convenience of the customers.6…but no one comes within miles of the old kinds - for flavor.…they are all inferior in flavor to the old kinds of cheeses.但是在味道上没有一种不和原来的奶酪差上十万八千里。
After a sound sleep last night, he feels miles better today. (much better)7 A grocer used to be very fussy about his cheese.A grocer used to be very particular about what cheese and how much cheese he bought to sell in his shop.be fussy about: showing close attention to detail 为琐事担心Our teacher is too fussy about our clothes.8…who knew precisely what their patrons wanted.…who knew exactly what kind of cheeses their regular customers wanted.9The old-fashioned cheeses didn't ship well enough.The old-fashioned cheeses could not be well transported, for their quality was likely to decline in transit.10…so long as they can sell most persons anyhow.…so long as they can sell their foodstuff to most persons anyhow.11"Scientific samplings" got in its statistically nasty work."Scientific samplings" got its statistically nasty work in. This means "Scientific samplings" used its disgusting statistics to influence food production.“科学抽样”的讨厌的统计工作插了进来。
12…but nobody is very violently put off.… but nobody dislikes it so much as not to buy it.但也没有人会厌恶到不去买的地步。
I quite like working for the director, but his bad temper puts me off.13The result is that a "reason" has been found for turning out zillions of packages of something that will "do" for nearly all and isn't even imagined to be superlatively good by a single soul.The result is that a "reason" has been found for producing a great many packages of something that will be tolerated by people in general but is not thought to be very good to anybody.其结果是，找到了一个“理由”，去生产无数包某种东西，这些可以被几乎所有的人“凑合着用”，但即使在想象时也不会有一个人认为它们是特别好的好东西。
14Economics entered.Economics came to play its role, to influence food production.15It is possible to turn out in quantity a bland, impersonal, practically imperishable substance more or less resembling, say cheese - at lower cost than cheese.These carefully chosen words fully express the author's contempt for today's cheese. He wouldn't call it cheese, but a substance resembling cheese. It is not sharp enough but very mild in flavor, almost tasteless; it is standardized with no individual character;and it is hard and never goes bad instead of being crumbly.用低于生产奶酪的成本生产出大量淡而无味的，没有特色的，几乎是永远不会腐烂的，或多或少像譬如说是奶酪的物质，这是可能的。
16Chain groceries shut out independent stores and "standardization" became a principal means of cutting cost.Defeated by chain groceries in competition, the independent stores had to close down.同一公司开设的连锁食品杂货店挤垮了独立经营的商店，“标准化”变成了降低成本的主要手段。
Shut out: keep out, exclude, block 把……关在门外，排除，遮住These buildings, when completed, will shut out our view of the sea.17There are American duplications of most of the celebrated European cheeses, mass-produced and cheaper by far than the imports.Imitations of most of the famous European cheeses are made in large quantities. They are much cheaper than the imported European cheeses.18I knew that vegetables cannot be overcooked and remain even edible, in the best sense.I knew that when vegetables are overcooked they cannot remain fit to be eaten with full flavor.我知道蔬菜煮过了头就不可能吃起来还有滋有味。