思维导图速记高考英语词汇
英语思维导图
肯定句句 there be +主+其它; 否定句句 there be + not +主+其它; 一一般疑问句句 be + there +主+其它;肯定与否定回答 Yes, there is (are).No, there isn’t (aren’t); 特殊疑问
强调主语、宾语、Байду номын сангаас语
It的用用法：代词it、引导词it
地点状语、方方式状语、原因状 语、时间状语
强调状语
强调成分
在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人人称和数的一一致。
即使被强调的主语是复数，主句句中的谓语动词也用用单数。
在强调时间、地点、原因、或方方式状语时，不不要用用when,where,why 或 how，而而用用that。
逻辑主语+副词 逻辑主语+形容词 逻辑主语+介词短语
u逻辑主语+其他的独立立主
格结构
作状语；作状语
独立立主格结构的句句
法功能
问候、邀请、感谢和应答等
交际用用语
省略略的类型：简单句句中的省略略、并列列句句中的省略略、主从复合句句中的省略略、其它省略略。
that，one， it 等替代上文文中的名词。
插入入语通常与句句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，插入入语多半用用逗号与句句子子隔开，用用 来表示说话者对句句子子所表达的意思的态度，对句句子子表达起修饰、强调、缓和语气气等 作用用。插入入语可能是一一个词、一一个短语或一一个句句子子。
. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序、形容词变成副词、副词的位置、形容词（副词）比比较级和最高高级、形容词级的变化常⻅见句句型、
Day 9 高考英语 思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡
sharp adj. 锋利的；尖利的；尖的；有突边的；突然的；明 显的；偏高的 adv；准时地；突然地；急剧地；偏高 n. 半升音；缝衣长针；骗子；（Sharp）人名：夏普 v. 升音演奏；欺骗
考点必记 look sharp 赶快 the sharp end 关键时刻；紧要关头；船头；最令人不快（或受冲击 最大）的方面 sharp as a tack 极其机智的；极其狡猾的 a sharp eye on 看管；留神；密切注意 sharp increase=sharp rise 急剧增加；增长猛烈 sharp decline=sharp fall 急速下滑；急速下降；飞速下降
A. treasure their freedom
B. travel around the world
C. spend most time working D. enjoy meeting funny people
1.【答案】C细节理解题。第二段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. …These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工 作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)” 由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选 C。
delight v. 使…愉快；以…为乐
n. 兴致；乐趣；乐事；令人高兴的东西
考点必记
to one's hear t's delight 尽情地
delight in
喜悦；以…为乐；深嗜笃好
Day8 高考英语 思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡
Day 8 高考英语3500词汇阅读打卡板块一：brainstorming板块二：高频词汇词义用法精析amazing adj.令人惊奇的;令人惊喜的考点必记板块三：阅读训练Passage AAstypalea, a butterfly-shaped island in the central Aegean, hopes to become Greece’s first carbon-free tourist destination. Under a deal with the government, V olkswagen, a carmaker, has donated several new electric vehicles for use by Astypalea’s public services; it will sell others at cost price to its 12,00 residents. In return, the government has largely increased subsidies（补贴）for the islanders to buy electric cars and will build a hybrid solar and wind power plant to replace those polluting generators.Unlike other nearby islands, Astypalea is not connected to Greece’s electricity system. With only 3,000 rooms for visitors in small hotels or flats, tourism is still low-key. Many residents make a living the old-fashioned way: raising goats, keeping bees and fishing. The island was selected for V olkswagen’s e-mobility experiment after Nikos Komineas, the go-ahead mayor, contacted the transport ministry for help in finding an electric bus to try out on its rough roads.Most islanders sound enthusiastic about the project. Mr Komineas expects the number of private cars on Astypalea to fall by a third over the next five years. Its residents, he says, will get around on e-scooters and electric minibuses, which will be free, linked to a mobile-phone app and available round the clock.Some observers detect a bit of green washing. Building a solar park that would generate the island’s electricity will not get started before the tourist season ends. A single wind turbine（涡轮）will not be fixed before 511 even if the licensing process goes smoothly. On the other hand, the islanders worry that tourists will go elsewhere if the view is destroyed by a turbine 50 metres high. And even then, the hybrid power unit is planned to cover only about 80% of summer demand. But it is a start.1. What common measure do V olkswagen and the government take?A. Offering financial support.B. Developing a mobile-phone app.C. Making electric cars.D. Establishing a power plant.2. Which promotes Astypalea 's being selected for the experiment?A. Tourism prospect and heavy traffic.B. Location and government's efforts.C. Islanders' demand and road conditions.D. Islanders' lifestyle and large population.3. What is the major concern of the islanders if a wind turbine is fixed?A. The complex licensing process.B. Environmental damage.C. Loss of tourists.D. The influence on their daily life.4. What can be inferred from the text?A. The experiment will come to nothing.B.There are barriers in conducting the project.C. Green tourism will become a trend in Greece.D. The islanders are unwilling to change their lifestyle.参考答案：文章主题为有关一个位于爱琴海中部的蝴蝶形状的岛屿Astypalea低碳生活的实验。
Day 15 高考英语 思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡
evaluate v. 估…的值；定…的价；对…进行评价 考点必记 evaluative adj. 可估价的 evaluation n. 评价；[审计] 评估；估价；求值 evaluate 与appraise相似，指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物 的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物的市场价值。 rate 专指评定价值等级的高低。 value 侧重指一般人对某物的价值或价格所作的估计。
associate v.使关联；使结合在一起；赞同；支持；参与；与...交往；厮混
n.伙伴；同事；合伙人；准会员；联想
adj.联合的；合伙的；副的
考点必记
Associated adj. 关联的；联合的v. 联系（associate的过去式和过去分
词）
Associative adj. 联想的；联合的；组合的
band, they showed the world that I was married and loved someone special. They wrote my letters to
affect vt.影响;(病毒)感染;使悲伤 考点必记 (1)affect sth/sb影响某物/某人 be greatly/deeply affected by被……深深打动/感动;极大地受到……影 响 be affected with high fever发高烧 be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉 (2)affection n.影响;感情;喜爱;慈爱 have/show an affection for非常喜欢
艺学
考点必记
technological adj. 技术的；工艺的
technically
adv. 技术上；专门地；学术上；工艺上
Lesson1-4 思维导图速记高考英语单词3500
思维导图速记高考英语词汇Lesson 1 思维导图速记以词根able为中心的60个高考词汇「学习目标」聚焦单词的‘音｜义｜形｜用’会使用‘词根词缀技术’记忆相关词汇会使用‘自然拼读法’拼读词汇会使用‘近反义词’进行同义替换，一句多译会运用‘构词法’进行语法填空「学习内容」「速记技术解析」本教程主要使用‘词根词缀法’‘自然拼读法’‘近反义词法’等技术对高考词汇进行深加工，力争做到规律记忆和关联记忆，相对于传统的单词表，记忆效率会增加数倍。
「词根词缀法解析」词根：able 有能力的，能干的单词（前缀+词根+后缀+解析）enable 使能够v. （en=make“使”动词前缀+ able 能）unable 不能的adj. （un=not 否定前缀+ able ）disable 使无能，使残废v. （dis=off 去掉+ able 能力）disabled 残废的adj. （disable +ed 形容词后缀）ability 能力n. （abil=able + ity 抽象名词后缀）disability 无能，残废n. （dis 去掉+ability 能力）「自然拼读法解析」掌握自然拼读法，不需要音标，基本上能做到‘看到单词就能读出来，听到单词就能拼出来’，尽管不能做到100%的准确率。
具体规则如下（本人总结，实用为主，不一定非常科学）根据自然拼读法拼读下列单词enable: e-nableunable: u-nabledisable: di-sableability: a-bi-li-tydisability: di-sa-bi-li-tycompetent: com-pe-tenttalented: ta-len-tedstupid: stu-pid (st浊化）capable: ca-pableProficient: pro-fi-cientefficient: e-ffi-cient (ti/ci发音为“ʃ”)adaptable: a-dap-tableflexible: flek-sible (x=ks/gz)awkward: aw-kward (saw; draw; awe; awesome)「词汇运用」语法填空1. The evidence _____ (able) scientists to find out the source of the illness.（解析：根据语境，本句缺少谓语动词，依据构词法，在词根前加动词前缀en,变为动词enable, 故填enabled或enables）2. The virus ____ (able) the service industry, leading to huge loss on tourism, hotels and restaurants.（解析：根据语境，本句缺少谓语动词，病毒使服务业停摆，故填disable=to make sth unable to work so that it cannot be used）3. With the College Entrance Exam coming, he feels more and more hopeless for his ____ (able) to improve the math.（解析：根据语法和语境，his后面应跟一个名词，故填disability）一句多译（同义词替换）1. 显而易见，他是个有能力的人。
Day 4 高考英语思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡
Day 4 高考3500词汇阅读打卡板块一：brainstorming板块二：高频词汇词义用法精析板块三：阅读训练Passage AThe number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on September 1st.However, thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management, the number of death from these hazards (危险) has been almost three times less.According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water hazards accounted for50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms, floods and extreme temperatures.However, deaths fell from over 50,000 in the 1970s to less than 20,000 in the 2010s.“Weather,climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change,” says WMO Secretary- General Petteri Taalas.“That means more heatwaves, droughts and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor in the atmosphere, which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and areas of existence of the most intense tropical storms.”“Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases. But behind the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are better than ever before at saving lives,” Taalas said.1.What do we know from the first paragraph?A.Disasters connected with weather have gone up.B.The number of weather-related disasters has decreased.C.The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.D.Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.2.What will happen according to Petteri Taalas?A.There will be more extreme weather.B.Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.C.Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.D.Humans will conquer extreme weather in the end.3.What is hopeful behind the bad news?A.Improved warning systems will save economic losses.B.Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.C.Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.D.More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.4.Where may the text be taken from?A.A novel.B. An advertisement.C. A magazine.D. A guidebook.参考答案：本文说明虽然因为极端气候会导致自然灾害的增加，但是警告系统的发展可以减少经济方面损失和人们的伤亡。
Day 11 高考英语 思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡
witness n.目击者,证人 vt.目击,见证;是……发生的时间或地点 考点必记 (1)witness to sth为……的证据;……的目击者 give witness(to sth)作证 with a witness确实 be (a) witness to...是……的见证者;目击(某事的发生);证明……是真实的 (2)witness sb do sth见证某人做某事
react positively 积极反应；反应积极；积极响应
act v.行动；做某事；行为；充当；担任；起作用；见效；扮演角色
n. 行为；假装；法令；条例；幕
考点必记
act as 充当
act on 按照...行事, 遵行, 奉行(原则/制度等)
act of God 不可抗力(如风暴、洪水、地震)
attempt vt.尝试;努力;试图 n.努力;尝试 考点必记 (1)attempt to do sth试图做某事 (2)make no attempt未做努力 at/on one’s first attempt在某人第一次尝试时 in an attempt to do sth尝试做某事 make an attempt to do/on sth=make an attempt at doing sth试图做某事
I live in a small rural town with no fancy zero-waste stores. My husband and I both work full-time. I am uninterested in spending my free time doing DIY projects and driving from store to store in search of perfect packaging. Instead, I just do the best I can.
英语单词记忆方法—思维导图法(一)
英语单词记忆方法—思维导图法（一）说明：本资料包括五个部分的内容即：第一部分概念呈现，利用“图”与“文”先建立第一印象。
第二部分单词资料库，包括单词的基本资料、单词例句、相关单词补充、有趣信息补给等内容。
第三部分思维导图串连，第一层是大主题（Unit），之后是当前单元的小主题。
延伸出去的30条线段，每一条线段都有一个单词，即：大主题→小主题→单词。
第四部分阶段性的小测试，巩固记忆。
第五部分参考答案。
目录：Theme 1 Place 地点Unit 1 Home 家Unit 2 Rooms 房间Unit 3 Airport 机场Unit 4 Restaurant 餐厅Unit 5 City 城市Unit 6 Country 乡下Answer KeyTheme 1 Place 地点Unit 1 Home 家1address/əˈdres/n. 地址；演说；谈吐•There isn't enough space for my address. 这里没有足够的空间写我的住址。
•change one's address 变更某人的地址•tell me your address 告诉我你的地址2location/ləuˈkeiʃən/n. 定位，测位；测量•First, we must decide on the location of our new swimming pool. 我们得先给新游泳池选个地点。
•Mr. Huang's company is going to move to a new location. 黄先生的公司将要搬到一个新的地点。
3habitation/ˌhæbiˈteiʃən/ n.居住，住所•We think this house is unfit for human habitation,so we have decided to move. 我们觉得这房子不适合人居住，所以我们决定要搬走。
Day 6 高考英语 思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angr y, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
Day 10 高考英语 思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡
commit vt.&vi.全心全意投入;犯罪,犯错;承诺,保证 考点必记 (1)commit murder/suicide谋杀/自杀 commit an error做错事 commit crime犯罪 be committed to prison被关进监狱 commit oneself to(doing)sth保证做某事,致力于做某事 be committed to doing sth致力于做某事 (2)commitment n.承诺;奉献 make a commitment to sb向某人承诺
intensive agriculture 集约农业；精耕细作型农业；集约型农业
state agriculture
国家农业
Sometimes a book comes along that isn’t just “interesting” or “well done”－ it’s a book where it seems like the author looked into your brain and wrote a book specifically for you. A book like that for me was released this week. It’s called 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet, written by editor Pamela Paul.
2 A，细节题。由题干 list 可定位到第 2 段第一句，Paul 在书中 列举了 100 种我们以前用的，但如今被互联网改变或完全取代的 事物。根据文意这些变化主要是与互联网相关， B 项 E-pay 电子 支付在互联网出现以前没有，C 项 post card 明信片和 D 项 washing machine 与互联网无关，所以选择 A。
超实用高考英语专题复习：高效总复习快速掌握音标词汇及语法含思维导图讲义
英语高效复习资料距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
一英文三字经，揭示字母发音规律元音a,e,i,o,u及其字母组合的发音规律[ æ ] a我家d a d（爸爸）,脾气b a d（坏）,让我s a d（伤心难过）。
[ æ ] a 有只c a t（猫咪）,非常f a t（肥胖）,专吃r a t（鼠）。
[ei] a 放下pl a te（盘子）,走出g a te（门口）,已经l a te（晚了）。
[ei] a 清晨w a ke（醒来）,来到l a ke（湖边）,钓上sn a ke（蛇）。
[i: ] e 看到T h e se 得知是chin e se[e ] e 撒下n e t（网）,鱼没g e t（得到）,衣服w e t（湿了）。
[e ] e 为捉p e st（害虫）,从不r e st（休息）,本领b e st（最棒）。
超实用高考英语复习：思维导图梳理高中语法——名词与介词(含习题答案)
思维导图梳理高中语法(1)：名词与介词距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附靠前30天复习方法。
应用文写作是测试学生语言交际能力和语言运用能力的有效题型。
学生只有熟悉并掌握常见的应用文类型及其涉及的写作要点和常用句式，才能结合具体的写作语境提炼出写作的全部要点。
下面是天学英语教研团队给出的各个习作类型的常规要点和常用句式，以帮助学生攻克难关，取得高分。
名词1.名词的定义与分类定义：名词（英文noun/n）,是表示人，事，物，地点或抽象概念的词。
可分为：可数名词，不可数名词，抽象名词，具体名词，专有名词，集体名词，复合名词等。
2.名词的考点（义，性，数，格）名词的词义:①词义辨析：①熟词生义：trip/tap/grill/settle/plate/interest/chair/boss/①习惯用法：give it some thought/give thought to注意：结合语境，细细体会；多读多听多记多用词性转换：①动词变名词: describe—n._____ argue—n.______ explain—n._____complain—n._____ guide—n._____ weigh—n._____①形容词变名词:honest—n._____ wise—n._____ natural—n._____ strong—n._____①名词变名词: science—n._____（科学家）phenomenon—n(pl)._____ service—n.____ (仆人）注意：掌握规律，注重积累名词的单复数：① 可数名词变复数:① 不可数名词的辨认: （不能变复数）常见不可数名词：homework, housework, weather, advice, progress, fun,information, equipment, furniture, rubbish, luggage,baggage, labour, money,milk,bread,traffic,luck...① 注意修饰词语:One of/ several/a few/many/all/both/some/a good many/a handful of/a numberof+pl.na little/much/a great deal of...+(u)na lot of/ lots of/plenty of/ a large quantity of ...+(c)n/(u)n① 抽象名词具体化：当抽象名词在语境中指某人或某物，与不定冠词（a/an）连用，这叫抽象名词具体化。
高考英语高频500词记忆思维导图
[词根]amb(i) = go 奔走，走动y-icalbiology n.生物（学）biological a. ecology n.生态（学）ecological a. psychology n.心理（学）sociology n.社会（学）zoology n.动物（学）secure a.安全的；牢固的 v.使安全。
保卫；取得，获得force n.强迫，迫使form n.形式v.（使）组成n.一群，一伙band[]str(o)y struct教育，指导；指示；命令；告知agriculture）是在田野（）是在室内（[]mid[]went→[]ven(t)impress vt.留下印象，使铭记↔]tect（建筑）architect n.建筑师；设计师请求，要求；需要（问，求）require v.需要，要求requirement n.需要，要求[词根]quarquarrel v.争吵，吵架enquire 、inquire v.打听，询问enquiry 、inquiry n.打听，询问acquire v.获得，学得（问，求）acquisition n.获得（物），增添的人，取得，获得，习得一个坚持：insist两个命令：order；command 两个决定：decide；determine三个建议：suggest；advice；propose 四个要求：demand；request；require；ask[单词]servant → [词根]serv 保存verse）成的uni）缩写opposite n./a.对面（的）；相反（的）提议，建议；打算，计划；求婚。
Day 5 高考英语 思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡
make a mistake
犯错误；出错；犯错
big mistake
大错误；大错；巨大错误
same mistake
同样错误
make no mistake 别弄错；不要搞错；不会出错
mistake for
错当作
make mistake
犯错；出错；搞错
understand 理解；懂；推断；猜想；以为；了解；明白；解释；认为…理所
考点必记 in practice = in reality 实际上；事实上 be in practice （因长期练习而）熟练 be/get/out of practice to be生疏；荒疏；疏于练习 practice makes perfect熟能生巧
practical adj 实用的
rise v.升起；上升；起身；站起；隆起；高起；增加；增长；上涨；提
arise vi.出现;产生;起身 考点必记 arise 起床;起立;起身 arise out of/from sth (由……)引起;(由……)产生
graduate vi.& vt.毕业;获得学位 n.毕业生 考点必记 (1)graduate in... 毕业于……专业 graduate from... 毕业于……(学校) (2)a graduate in... ……专业的毕业生 a graduate of... ……的毕业生 (3)graduation n.毕业
admission n.准许进入;入场费;承认 考点必记 (1) admit vt.&vi. 容许;承认;接纳 be admitted as...被接纳为…… be admitted to/into...被……录取;被……接纳 (2)admit to doing sth承认做了某事 admit+ that从句 承认…… It is admitted that...公认……
11张思维导图带你理清高中英语全部知识结构!
4•最离级的表达方式 2.倍数表达「3 •多个形容词修饰个名词 -4.加不加Jy 均是剧词意文方区别 的词5•比较级、同级比较级固定搭配 4・带介词to 的短语2 •序数词前的就词便用11张思维导圏带你理清高中英语全部知识结构！学好高中语法,需要居高临下，首先掌握语法体系，以下总结的英语语法思维导 图，11张图片让你掌握全部语法。
诃汇SLt 3500多单诃 冠国和名园 「动词 --------- 词类代词和数词 形容词和副词 -介词和连词 系动词 助动词 实义动词 情态动词 非汕昔动词 动词时态 动词语态 »5 复合句 虚拟语气主谓■致L强调旬型省略-定语从句 名词性从句 状语从句WI4・抽彖名⅛R 物质名词具体化侶词、冠词: ------------------------------------------------ 4 2•常见不可数名词3. 有名词口语交流中常见用法形容词、副词、介词、动词时态动词语态虚拟吾气］情杰动词非谓语动词—般式被动式进行式完成式to do (not) to do (not) to be done (not) to be doing (not) to have doneV-Ing(not) doing (not) being done (not) having done done (not) done主语宾语状语定语补足语农语插入语to do**to make matters worse, toPUt it mildly, to toll thetruth, generally SPeaking,COnSidering, allowing for,judging fromV-ing **done **1非谓语动词作状语与独立主格结构、状语从句的区分。
__________________________________ 2非谓语动词作定语。
3 With复合结构和as引导的状语从句的区别。