英语国家概况4
英语国家概况中英对照
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国P4The commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined economically and have trading arrangements. The commonwealth has no special powers. There are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth.英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾是英国殖民地而现已独立的国家构成，成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易协议。
联邦没有特殊的权力。
有50个成员国在联邦。
P12The English are Anglo-Saxons, but the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts.英格兰人是盎格鲁——撒克逊人，而苏格兰人、威尔士人和爱尔兰人却都是凯尔特人；P17凯尔特人Celts----首先入侵The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began to arrive about 700BC and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans. They may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, now France, Belgium and southern Germany. They came to Britain in three main waves.凯尔特人比先前抵达的种族更高、更漂亮，他们于公元前700年开始迁入，并于此后不断迁居到此岛，直至罗马人入侵；他们最初来自东欧和中欧,现在法国、比利时和德国南部一带。
英语国家概况
1. Anglo-Saxons:a Germanic people from Europe who went to England betweenthe 5th and 7th centuries2. Norman Conquest :(诺曼征服)William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy(诺曼底), invaded and conquered England and the Anglo-Saxons in 10663. Standard English:Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England,adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media.4. constitutional monarchy: (君主立宪制)Parliament passed the Bill of Rights(人权法案) ,which limited the power of the monarch and guaranteed the authority of Parliament..The Glorious Revolution was complete,in which Parliament succeeded in removing a ruling monarch they did not like and establishing a system known as constitutional monarch. From that time, the King ruled with an authority circumscribed(限制)by Parliament.5. Great Depression:(大萧条):Bussiness was slack from 1929 to 1933 in Europe ,south America and other countries.6.North Atlantic Treaty Organization:(北大西洋公约组织)：Defense is a collaboration for the realization of an international organization established in 1949 by the United States and Western Europe 11 countries was formed to deter the Soviet Union, control of Western Europe, the struggle for world hegemony.7. European Economic Community:（欧洲经济共同体）:Also known as the European Common Market, established in 1958, the implementation ofEuropean economic and political integration8. House of Commons(下议院):The House of Commons, though often referred to as the Lower House ,is the center of parliamentary power.9. The Commonwealth Le Commonweath:Commonweath refers to the C ommonweath of Australia and the Commonweath of Bahamas,respectively,and the Commonweath of Natiions is used to indicate the community of independent states.10. BSE(Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)（疯牛病）：BSE is a chronic, infectious, fatal central nervous system diseases..11. comprehensive school:（综合学校）:regardless of student ability, students can learn in a variety of schoolsubjects.12. General Certificate of Secondary Education（普通中等教育证书）:Having completed the GCSE, students may choose to leave school and begin working,or to continue full-time education in what is called the ‚six form‛12. Open University:The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to t ake universitylevel courses and receive a university degree. They follow university courses through textbooks,TV and radio broadcast,correspondence,video,and a network of study centers.13. the BBC:the British Broadcasting Corporation.,affectionately referred to as the Beeb of Auntie Beeb,is Britain’s main public service broadcaster.14．Trooping the Color:when the Queen’s official birthday is officially celebrated with ‘Trooping the Color‛ around Buckingham Palace in London,which is also know as the Queen’s Birthday Parade.ke Poets:（湖畔诗人）:Refers to the English Romantic movement in nineteenth-century earlier produced a genre.who lived in the Lake District to explore nature.16. stream os consciousness（意识流）:the apparently unorganized flow of thought onto page.Writer who adopt this technique give precedence to the depiction of the character’smental and emotional reactions to external events,rather than the events themselves 17. Absurd Theater:（荒诞派戏剧）:the plays are concerned with human suffering and survival,and the characters are struggling with meaninglessness and the world of the Nothing 18. Anglo-Irish Agreement（英爱协定）:This agreement gave the Irish government a consultative role in the administration of Northern Ireland.It also reaffirmed that the six northern countries would remain part of Britain so long as it was favored by the majority of the citizens.19.Canada:The name Canada is said to have derived from the Huron word Kanata ,meaning‛village‛20. Quebec Act（魁北克法案）:In 1744 the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act ,which granted the people of Quebe Linguistic and religious freedom,and guaranteed the use of French civil law and British people and unite them into one country.21. Suez Crisis（苏伊士危机）;Also known as the Suez War or the Second Middle East War.Canadian diplomat and politician Lester Pearson wom the Nonel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing a peacekeeping force to defuse the Suez Crisis22. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.（石油输出国组织）:September 10, 1960, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela met in Baghdad,decided to jointly deal with Western oil companies, maintenance of oil revenues. 14, the five countries announced the establishment of the organization of Petroleum Exporting23 North American Free Trade Agreement（北美自由贸易协定）:Trade treaty signed in 1992, provides for the gradual elimination of the United States,Canada, Mexico clearance between products and services most tariffsand other trade barriers24 cultural mosaic（文化马赛克）:And the melting pot contrast, refers to a combination of cultural elements froma variety ofcultural form sIn this cultural forms, the various culturalelements are preserved in their own characteristic csand traditions, and not because of time or other reasons to integrate together25. CAEL Assessment:Canadian Academic English Language Assessment. It is the test non-English speaking students in English-speaking countries plan to continuelearning in university or college level English。
英语国家概况教案Lesson 4范文
南京交通职业技术学院教案授课主要内容说明：教师备课笔记由学校自订式样并附后Unit 2 HistoryLesson 4 A Brief History of the USA I．Revision:Oral homework：What’s your impression of the USA ? (可以适当的用中文)参考资料Mount RashmoreMount Rushmore National Memorial, near Keystone, South Dakota, is a monumental granite sculpture by Gutzon Borglum, with 60-foot (18 m) sculptures of the heads of former United States presidents (left to right): George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). Abraham LincolnThe 16th President of the United States, who guided his country through the most devastating experience in its national history---the Civil War.US Coat of ArmsThe Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government. The Great Seal was first used publicly in 1782.The design on the obverse of the great seal is the national coat of arms of the United States. It is officially used on documents such as United States passports, military insignia, embassy placards, and various flags.Franklin RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 –April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945 and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war, and has been ranked as one of the three greatest US presidents in scholarly surveys.II. New Lesson:Part I. Word BoxPart II. TextPre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the USA by referring to1. Who first came to America and how did they come there?(People migrated from Asia via Bering Land Bridge some 2000 years ago.They are called Native Americans.)2. Who was the first European to set foot on the new world? Why did hename the local people Indians?(Christopher Columbus came to Puerto Rico in 1492 and named the local people Indians) 3. Who proved that the land was not India?(Amerigo Vespucci proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.)The present-day United States was originally populated by people migrating from Asia via the Bering land bridge（白令海峡大陆桥）starting some 20,000 years ago.These people became the indigenous people who inhabited the Americas before the arrival of European explorers and who are now called Native Americans.Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1492. He thought he had reached India, so he named the local people Indians, not knowing that he had discovered a New Continent.Amerigo Vespucci（亚美瑞格.韦斯普奇）, another navigator（航海家）proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.(2). English Colonial America (1067-1776)1. Where was the first colony founded?2. How many colonies did the British establish along the east coast of North America?3. Why did puritans leave their own countries?4. How did they establish the Plymouth colony?The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown(詹姆士镇), Virginia in 1607.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.By 1750, nearly 2 million people were living in these colonies, many of whom were Puritans who left their own countries in search of religious freedomThe most typical example was the voyage of the Mayflower ship, which carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic Ocean and arrived at Plymouth(普利茅斯) in 1620, built the Plymouth colony.From 1630 to 1643, the great Puritan migration brought about 20,000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony.北美洲原为印第安人聚居地。
英语国家概况
2. Roman Occupation
1stto 5thcentury;
Julius Caesarcame for the first time;
The Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully.
2)New Hampshire
3)Vermont
4)Massachusetts
5)Rhode Island
6)Connecticut
The birthplace of America;
The chief center of the American War of Independence;
Many famous universities located here, such asYale, Harvard, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
New Englanders were originally called Yankees(美国佬).
2. The Middle Atlantic States
1)New York
2)Pennsylvania
3)New Jersey
4)Delaware
5)Maryland
Washington D.C.is located here.
5)Wisconsin
6)Missouri
7)Iowa
8)Minnesota
9)Kansas
10)Nebraska
11)North Dakota
12)South Dakota
英语国家概况必背-英语国家概况答案
英语国家概况精讲：第一章英国的国土与人民Chapter 1： Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英语国家概况Lesson 4 A Brief History of the USA
Unit Two History---Lesson 4 A Brief History of the USA
Starter
Tell about the following pictures and the special period related to them.
Unit Two History---Lesson 4 A Brief History of the USA
Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1492. He thought he had reached India, so he named the local people Indians, not knowing that he had discovered a New Continent. Amerigo Vespucci, another navigator proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.
Unit Two History---Lesson 4 A Brief History of the USA
Pre-Colonial America
The present-day United States was originally populated by people migrating from Asia via the Bering land bridge starting some 20,000 years ago. These people became the indigenous people who inhabited the Americas before the arrival of European explorers and who are now called Native Americans.
英语国家概况Unit4Australia--生词及课后题答案
Unit 4 Australia Words:Unit 1 The Land and the Peoplehemisphere n. 半球mainland n. 大陆elevation n. 海拔plateau n. v. 高原,稳定期outback n. the outback（澳大利亚的）内地内陆地区massive a. 极大的；结实的；强有力的monolith n. 独块巨石gulf n. 海湾；波斯湾intermittent a. 间歇的；断断续续的artesian well n. 自流井basin n. 盆地gorge n. 峡谷；峡range n. 范围abundant a. 丰富的；充足的hemisphere n. 半球span v. 横跨；跨越unreliable a. 不可信任的；不可靠的distribution n 分布；分配distinct a. 独特的；明显的climatic a. 气候的；水土的tropic n. 热带sub tropic n. 亚热带subtropical a. 亚热带的the Mediterranean n. 地中海气候arid a. 干旱的sub-arid a. 半干旱的fringe n. 边缘regime n 状况；状态graze v. 放牧principally ad.. 主要地cereal a. 谷物的intensive agriculture 密集型农业extensive a. 粗放的；广博的；大量的extensive grazing 粗放型牧业dairy farming n. 乳品产业grazing enterprise n. 牧业isolate v. 隔离；孤立；脱离harsh a. 荒芜的；苛刻的；残酷的plant community 植物群落flora n. 植物群；植物区系diverse a. 多变的；不同的alpine a. 高山性的heath n. 荒野；石南树丛evergreen a. 四季常青baobab n. 狐猴面包树distinctly ad.. 独特地；难得地；明显地primitive a. 原始的；古老的mammal n. 哺乳动物marsupial n. 有袋动物kangaroo n 袋鼠koala n 考拉（树袋熊）wombat n. 袋熊derive v. 起源pouch n. 袋鼠类的袋teat n. 乳头nourish v. 滋养；养scrub n. 低矮丛林,密灌丛sparsely ad 稀少地；稀疏地Perth n. 珀斯（澳大利亚西南的重要城市）supplier n. 供应商；供应者；原料供应国bulk n. 大量mineral n. 矿物ore n. 矿石aluminum n. 铝steel n. 钢nickel n. 镍titanium n. 钛earth n.难以还原的金属氧化物（如氧化铝）diamond n. 砖石petroleum n. 石油essence n. 实质comprise v. 包含；包括；由---组成；构成Canberra 堪培拉（澳大利亚首都）populous a. 人口稠密的cosmopolitan a. 世界性的parkland n. 适建公园的土spectacular a. 壮观的；惊人的coastal a. 海岸的heritage n. 遗产；传统colonial a. 殖民地的n. 殖民地居民spring up 突然兴起federation n. 联邦；联邦政府Bass Strait 巴斯海峡hydroelectric a. 水力发电的inn n. 旅馆；客栈era n. 时代reputation n. 名声renowned a. 著名的；有声望的yacht n. 游艇；快艇racer n. 比赛Hobart n. 霍巴特（塔斯马尼亚首府）aborigine n. 土著人Brisbane n. 布里斯班Adelaide n. 阿德莱德ethnic a. 人种学的aborigine n.. 土著居民proportion n. 比率territory n. 领土；领地；领域urbanize v. 使都市化populous a. 拥挤的；人口稠密的unify v. 使一致；统一totem n. 图腾像kinship n. 相似的affinity n. 吸引力；亲密关系marginalize v. 忽视；忽略forcibly ad 强行地disperse v. 驱散；分散；使四下散开Unit 2 Historyhabitation n. 住所penal a. 刑事的alleviate v. 减轻hold-up 阻碍habitual a. 经常convict n. 囚犯slum n. 贫民窟offender n. 触犯者prevalent a. 普遍的；流行的etch v. 铭记；蚀刻lineage n. 家系；宗系stain n. 耻辱；瑕疵descend v. 降格；下降demography n. 人口统计学aftermath n. 后果economic depression 经济萧条triple v. 增至三倍formation n. 组成semi-skilled a. 半熟练的capable a. 有能力有才能informed a. 有学识的squatter n. 擅自占用他人房子（或土地）jury n. 陪审团mount v. 增加say n. 发言权constitution n. 宪法parliament n. 议会；最高法院aborigine n. 土著居民original a. 土著的ballot n. 选票；投票数catastrophe n. 大灾难indigenous a. 本地的conquest n. 攻占；征服smallpox n. 天花measles n. 麻疹influenza n. 流行性感冒vitality n. 生命力exemplify v. 举例；说明craft n. 行会stonemasons n. 石匠shearer n. 修剪工wharf n. 码头discernible a. 区别的dissatisfied a. 不满意的；不高兴的resurgence n. 再现；复活；再起fundamental a. 基本的；根本的motherhood n. 母性；母亲身份conservation n. 保存；保持；保护surge n. 巨涌；大浪；汹涌澎湃conservatism n. 守旧性；保守主义legislation n. 立法；法律privatization n. 私有化nationalist n. 民族主义者；国家主义者；sentiment n. 感情；情绪；观点；情操logo n. 商标，徽标；标识语identity n. 身份；同一性，一致；恒等式constitutional a. 宪法的；n. 保健散步monarchy n. 君主政体；君主政治；君主pinnacle n. 小尖塔；尖峰；高峰；极点v. 造小尖塔；置于尖顶上；置于高referendum n. 公民投票权prior a. 在先的；在前的poll n. 民意测验；投票；投票数；投票engagement n. 约会；交战；婚约；诺言minimalist n. 极简抽象派艺术家；最低限proposal n. 提议；建议；求婚radical a. 根本的；激进的；彻底的prominent a. 突出的，显著的；杰出的tremendous a. 极大的，巨大的；惊人的maintain v. 维持；维修；供养；继续engage v. 雇佣；吸引；占用；使订婚strategic a. 战略上的；战略的investment n. 投资；投入taxation n. 课税，征税；税款telecommunication n. 电讯；远程通信outsource v. 把…外包sustain v. 支撑；承担；维持；忍受coalition n. 联合；结合，合并parliamentary a. 议会的；国会的federal a. 联邦的；同盟的pledge n. 抵押；保证；抵押品；典当物initiate v. 开始，创始；发起Unit 3 Economyreign v. 统治；盛行infertile n. 贫瘠的livestock n. 家禽graze v. 放牧；喂草constitute v. 构成cereal n. 谷类食物concentrated a. 浓缩的；集中的sugarcane n. 甘蔗temperate a. 温带的tropical a. 热带sorghum n. 高梁oilseeds n. 亚麻子plantation n. 种植园pulp n. 浆状物；纸浆；果肉consolidated a. 加固的marine a. 海生的comparatively a. 相对的lobster 龙虾n.prawn n. 明虾abalone n. 石决明（鲍鱼）tuna n. 金枪鱼scallop n. 扇贝edible a. 可以食用的bream n. 鲤科淡水鱼cod n. 鳕鱼flathead n. 扁头鱼mackerel n. 鲭鱼perch v. 鸟的栖息地salmon n. 三文鱼category n. 类别tantalum 【化】钅旦uranium 【化】铀zinc 【化】锌deposit n. 放置；使沉淀；贮藏cobalt 【化】钴manganese 【锰】nickel 【锰】鎳metallic a. 金属制品的aluminum 【美】铝substantial a. 物质的，实质的，本质的textile n. 纺织业；纺织品appliance n. 用具；器具；装置jet aircraft 喷气式飞机synthetic fiber 合成纤维hydroelectric power 水力发电petrochemical a. 石油化学的smelted aluminum 精炼的铝phosphate fertilizer 磷肥pastoral a. 田园的power cable 电缆electrolytic a. 电解的confectionery n. 甜食生产业bureau n. 局vigorous a. 蓬勃的winery n. 酿酒厂closure n. 关闭停工sponsor n. 赞助商transoceanic a. 横渡海洋的monopoly n. 垄断权hallmark n. 特点utility n. 公用事业implementing a. 执行性的oversee v. 监督engagement n. 保证federal a. 国家的multilingual a. 使用多种语言的affiliated with 与….有密切联系minority n. 少数noteworthy a. 值得注意的export-orient a. 面向出口的implement n. 工具colonial a. 殖民地当的diverse a. 不同的monetary a. 金融的Unit 4 Government and Politicsframework n. 构架；结构democracy n. 民主制度；民主政体monarchy n. 君主制virtual a. 实际上的enact v. 制定（法律）concurrent a. 并存的；同时发生的；一致的discharge v. 允许离开impeachment n. 弹动senate n. 参议院chamber n. 立法机关；议会dissolution n. 解散scrutinize v. 详细检查taxation n. 征税；税款originate v. 开始；发源reside v. 居住；定居ultimate a. 最终的；最后的inquiry n. 打听；询问incompetence a. 不胜任safeguard v. 保护；维护corrupt a. 贪污的；腐败的expenditure n. 支出；开支derive v. 源于从…取得constitutional a. 受宪法限制的；有关宪法的coalition n. 联盟exert v. 运用expertise n. 专门技能ratification n. 签署；批准delegate n. 代表；授权于ritual n. 仪式；例行习惯statutory a. 法定的colony n. 殖民地ideological a. 思想体系的inaugurate v. 为…举行就职典礼eligible a. 允许做…的personnel n. 全体职员turnout n. 出席人数stipulate v. 规定；讲明judiciary n. 司法部tenure n. 任期使用权validity n. 具有法律效力有效tribunal n. 审裁团maintenance n. 保养维修赡养费抚养费matrimonial a. 婚姻生活的custody n. 监护权Intermediate n. 中间的中级的magistrate n. 地方法官hierarchy n. 等级制度Unit 5 Social and Cultural life institutionalize v. 制度化vestige n. 遗迹，痕迹assimilation n. 同化implement v. 实施，执行n. 工具，器具catchword n. 口号cohesion n. 凝聚Australia Institute of Multicultural Affair （AIMA）澳大利亚多元文化交流事务所cohesion n. 凝聚populist n. 民粹主义marginalize v. 边缘化tertiary a. 三级的Bachelor's degree 学士学位graduation thesis 毕业论文postgraduate 研究生master's degree 学士学位doctorate n. 博士学位competency n. 能力，胜任distribution n. 分布notable a. 显着sparsely ad. 人口稀少maternity n. 产假psychiatric n. 精神科impairment n. 减值disperse v. 驱散Herald Sun先驱太阳报Sun News Pictorial 太阳新闻画报genre n. 类型yacht n. 游艇netball n. 投球aussie n. 澳元；澳大利亚人metropolitan n. 大都市orchestra n. 乐队Good Friday n. 耶稣受难日commemorate v. 纪念The Adelaide Festival of Art:阿德莱德艺术节ExercisesUnit 11. What are the most prominent physical features of the Australian continent?It was divided into three physically distinct regions: the western plateau, the central lowlands and the eastern highlands. The western plateau is a vast desert and semi-desert region that covers about 60 percent of the land area, located on the plateau are the coun try’s four major deserts: the Gibson, Great Sandy, Great V ictoria and Simpson. The central lowlands stretch from the gulf of Carpentaria in the north to the western Victoria in the south, accounting for about one forth of Australia. The climate is hot rainfall is frequently. The eastern highlands extend from the Cape Y ork, Peninsula in north-eastern Australia to the southern coast of Tasmania and covers about 15 percent of Australia2. How is Australia geographically divided?The Australia continent can be divided into three physically distinct regions: the West Plateau,the Central lowlands, and the Eastern highlands.3. What are the major characteristics of these geographical regions?(1) The Western Plateau is a vast desert and semi-desert region that covers about 60 percent of the land area. Most of the land is flat.(2)The Central Lowlands: the land is generally flat with an average elevation of only 152 meters. The climate is hot; rainfall is infrequent; much of the land is dry and desert and many of the rivers flow only intermittently.(3)The Eastern Highlands consist mainly of high plateaus with many gorges, hills and low mountain ranges.4. What are the distinctive features of Australian climate?(1) “The land in the sun”: Australia has an average of 5 hours of sunshine daily. Most of the land enjoys abundant sunshine.(2) Located in the southern hemisphere, Australia has the seasons opposite to those of the northern hemisphere.(3) Generally, Australia is a dry continent, where rainfall is unreliable. The distribution of the rainfall is rather uneven with the high rainfall in the north, the east and the southwest coasts.5. How does climate influence Australian agriculture?Agriculture land use is heavily influenced by this climate regime. Generally, the tropical north is suited to grazing, principally cattle, as well as the production of fruit and sugarcane. The major land uses in the subtropical and Mediterranean climates in the south are cereal cropping as well as sheep and cattle grazing. The Murray-darling basin in the southeast has a large irrigationinfrastructure, supporting the production of fruit, vegetables, rice and many other intensive agricultural activities. Agriculture in the arid zone involves extensive grazing, where sheep and cattle are reared at relatively low densities if less than one sheep per 10 heads. The higher rainfall zones are suitable for dairy farming as well as more intensive grazing enterprises that produce meat.6. What make the Australian continent home to a variety of unique native plants and animals?Australia has been isolated for thousands of years, thus, plants and animals have been able to develop independently to suit the often harsh natural conditions. Due to the wide ridge of different environments and plant communities, the native flora of Australia is the most diverse and varied in the world, growing in tropical rainforest, stony inland deserts, alpine meadows and sandy heath lands.The animals of Australia are particularly interesting, because many of them are distinctly primitive. There are groups of animals whose relatives have long since disappeared from other parts of the world. Many of the animals found in this country are unique. Australia is home to a variety of native mammals, both on land and in the surrounding oceans.7. To what extent have climate and environmental factors influenced the pattern of population settlement in Australia?As the northern and central parts of Australian continent are generally hot and dry and unable to support a large population, more than 80 per cent of Australians settle in the cooler coastal regions.8. Who are the indigenous peoples of Australia? And what are their major traditions?Aus tralia’s i ndigenous population is composed of aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders, who are ethnically and culturally different from one another. Historically, aboriginal people are from mainland Australia and Tasmania. Aboriginal peoples are the original inhabitants. And Torres Strait Islanders come from the islands between the tip of Queensland and Papua New Guinea.Indigenous cultures today are diverse, constitutin g a vital part of Australia’s national identity. Though comprising over 500 to 600 distinct groups, aboriginal people possess some unifying links. Among these are a tribal culture of totem worship and strong spiritual beliefs that tie them to the land. The aboriginal peoples have maintained the traditions of Dreamtime.Unit 21. Who were the convicts sent to the British Australian colonies? What is the historical legacy of convictism in Australia?(1)As prisons in London and other cities were full, In 1779,a British government suggested that new prisons be set up in Britain’s colonies to take 1000 prisoners a year. A large number of prisoners were habitual offenders of theft and highway robbery. Most were young and single, including unskilled servants and urburan dwellers. Among these convivts, about 4000 were political offenders ,who had prostested against political and economic inequalities in England and Ireland.(2)The history of convictism in the British Australian colonies has been etched into the minds ofmost Australians. Many Australians trace their lineage back to colonial times, and the fact that most cases are related to one of the original British convicts invokes mixed feelings .Some Australians feel a sense of shame about the existence of British convicts in what is now Australia; others do not want to investigate their families’ origins, for fear that they could be descended from criminals.2. What was the Gold Rush in Australian history?The Gold Rush in the 1850s marked a turning point in Australia’s colo nial history, which led to an increased economic and political independence from Britain and a great debate about federation Moreover, the Gold Rush did not merely bring immediate and long-term changes to the economy; it chan ged people’s political a nd social attitudes as well.3. What were the major trends in Australians development from the 1860s to 1890s since the Gold Rush?Australia found itself pressing ahead with vigor and vitality in both urban and rural areas. Meanwhile, remote areas were also opened up. Australia had an economic boom at that time. During the 1880s, trade unions developed among shearers, miners, and wharf workers, and soon spread to cover almost all manual labors. During the 1890s, Australia had a economic depression The nationalism in various forms began to develop.4. What was the Federation Movement in Australian history? What political system was established after Australian Federation?The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate, self-governing British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed the commonwealth of Australia as a federation.After Australian federation, the constitution divided the powers of government between the state and the federal level. The federal government had control of defense, communication between the states, the postal system, customs, immigration, foreign affairs, welfare, and industrial matters that affected more than one state. Each state kept its own parliament, and had power over such matters within its own borders as education and police.5. What were the main reason s for Australia’s e ntry into World WarⅠand what was its impact on Australia?Most of the native-born Australians had British parents or grandparents. More importantly, Australian cultural ties with British were just as strong. They modeled their daily lives and the running of their country on customs and institutions. They spoke the same language, read English books and studied English history and literature at school. This familiarity and intimacy encouraged many Australians to call Britain “home” a nd most Australians did not see any contradiction in having dual loyalties, regarding themselves both as Australians and members of the British Empire. They were proud to belong to the British Empire.The impacts were: Australia was not attacked during the First World War, but there were severe disruptions to daily life. The enthusiasm and patriotic fervor declined during the war years as the community divided on such issues as loyalty, conscription and political matters.6. For Australia, what constituted the most important legacy of the Great Depression?The expansion of the welfare state and public services such as higher education, research and development and public housing constituted the main legacy of experiences of poverty during the Great Depression.7. What impact did post-WWⅡEuropean immigrants produce on Australian society?Australian actively sought these immigrants, who, in turn, helped Australian expand its economy and build its industrial infrastructure.The ethnic character of many areas of urban and rural Australia changed with this new wave of immigrants.Australia became a more complex society, the difference of various immigrant groups aroused fear and prejudice in some quarters of the older British, Protestant population. Australia gradually changed from a monocultural and inward-looking society into one with ethnic and cultural diversity.8. Why were the 1960s and 1970s known as the protest years in Australia?The issues of Aust ralia’s i nvolvement in the Vietnam War, relations with America and conscription divided the society. A broadening section of the society was critical of the government for Australia’s i nvolvement in the Vietnam War and for conscripting young men. Such criticisms represented changes in man y people’s values as they looked for a nswers to a wide range of social problems.Unit 31. What accounts for the largest area of land use in Australia agriculture?Livestock grazing accounts for the largest area of land use in Australian agriture and much higher rainfull and irrigated areas have been covered by pastures and grasses2. How important is wool export to the Australia economy today?.Today, Austraslia remains the world’s leading producer of wool, supplying 70percent of the global total ,which brings Australia the reputation of “country riding on sheepback”.3. What are Australia’s major export crops?Wheat. is the country’s leading grain crop and is grown in every state,with production concentrated in the wheat belts of the southeast and southwest. Up to four-fifth of the grain is exported mainly to East Asia, the Middle East and the Pacific region.4. Where do forestry and wood products rank in the Australian economy?At the beginning of the 20th century ,official estimates that a total of one-fifth of Australia’s land area was native forest.The forest and wood products industries, based on native and plantation forests account for account 1 percent of the GDP. And employment of 75000 people.Since World War II, several regions have been intensively exploited for wood pulp,partly for export to Japan.5. what are Australia’s most valuable fishery exports?The most valuable fishery exports are rock lobsters, prawns, abalone, tuna and other fin fish, scallops, and edible and pearl oyster. Other important species caught include bream, cod ,flathead, mackerel, perch, whiting, and Australian salmon.6. N ame Australia’s major mi neral resources and the main producing regions.Most significsntly, Australia has the world’s largest known recoverable resources of lead, mineral sands ,tantalum, uranium, silver ,and zinc. It is ranked in the world’s top six countries for recoverable deposits of black and brown coal, cobalt, copper, diamonds ,gold, iron ore ,manganese ore .Western Australia, traditionally known as “the state of excitement”,has the largest share by value of total national mineral production ,especially for the metallic minerals.Equally important, Much of Australian’s diamond comes from The giant Argyle Diamond Mine in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.7. What are Australia’s major ma nufacturing industries?The food industry is Australia’s largest manufacturing industry and the annual food export value amounts to about 1000million Australian dollars.Other major manufacturing industries include iron and steel, the electronic industry, wool processing, and the manufacture of textiles, domestic appliances, and wood and paper products.8 why are service industries so important now in Australia?The development of tourism industry, among other things ,is probably the most typical of the growing importance of service industry in the present day of Australian economy.The vigorous growth of tourism has tapped the expanding range of attractions in each state and terrirory—amusement and theme parks, zoos ,art galleries and museums ,national parks ,historical sites and wineriesUnit 41. What is the role of the Monarch in Australian political system?The monarch is represented by governors, she appoints a governor-general to represent her on the advice of election The governor-general is the symbolic head of the nation and is executive power of commonwealth. The governor-general has only formal powers and acts on the advice of ministers in virtually all matters.2. How to make an amendment to the Australian Constitution?The process for an amendment to the constitution is complex. A bill for an amendment must first be passed by an absolute majority of both houses of the national parliament. The second stage involves a referendum of all electors in all states. The proposed amendment needs a double majority---an overall majority vote in favour, and a majority in favour in at least four of the six states. This was incorporated as a means to protect the less populated states against domination by the electors in the states with a larger population3. How is the Australian Cabinet formed? What are its chief responsibilities?The prime minister appoints the most senior ministers to form the cabinet, which is often referred to as the engine-room of government. All the cabinet members must be members of parliament, and most often, the prime minister would appoint leading members in order to exert influence on the parliament.4. What power does the Federal Council have? Where is the power located?Make proclamations, regulations and ordinances, as delegated by various acts of parliament. Italso issues writs for elections, appoints public servant, judges and members of the armed forces. the power is located in the monarch’s representative act on the advice of minister.5. What is the Public Service? What is its role in the Australian Executive Government?The public service is also known as the bureaucracy. It comprises the government departments, either federally or in the states, and also includes the members of government business enterprises, statutory authorities and other agencies. The role of the public service is to advise the government on policy matters and to implement government decisions and parliamentary legislation6. What are the major political parties in Australia?Political parties are the most important actors in the Australian political system. By 1910, a two-way system was well established in Australia ,Labor versus Liberal. The Australia Labor Party is Australian’s oldest political patrty .It is a social democratic party, founded by the union movement, and represents the urban working class. The modern Liberal Party of Australia was founded by R.G. It represent business, the suburban middle class,and many rural people.7. What are the general requirements for a person to run for public offices such as the Australian Parliament?Under the Australian constitution, candidates for election must be Australian citizens and eligible to vote. Candidates must be nominated by a political party or by at least 50 electors of the electorate to be contested. Senators, members of states parliaments, public servants, defence personnel, and officers of the electoral commission are not eligible to become Members of the House of Representatives, and must resign their positions if they wish to be nominated for election to the house.8. What does the Australian Judic iary consist of? How does it operate at the federal and state levels?The judiciary consists of the high court, the federal court, the family court and the administrative appeals tribunal. In the case of federal judges, their security of tenure is guaranteed by the constitution. In the states and territories, legislation provides security of tenure for judges.。
英语国家概况_4
Chapter 4
Economy
英 语 国 家 概 况
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
CONTENT
I Recent History of British Economy
II
Current British Economy
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
and relative economic decline.
Growth and Decline
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
Causes
❖ two World Wars—great economic loss
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
Policies (1945-1979)
❖In 1945 the Labor party
▪ carried out drastic reforms
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
英语国家概况笔记整理
英语国家概况笔记整理English-speaking countries refer to countries where English is the native language or widely spoken as a second language. These countries have a significant influence on global politics, business, culture, and education. In this article, we will provide an overview of some prominent English-speaking countries, including their population, geography, economy, and culture.1. United States:- Population: The United States is the third most populous country in the world, with a population of over 331 million people.- Geography: The country is located in North America and is known for its diversity in landscapes, including vast plains, mountains, deserts, and coastal regions.- Economy: The U.S. has the largest economy in the world, characterized by a highly developed and diverse range of industries, including technology, finance, entertainment, and manufacturing. - Culture: The American culture is a melting pot of various ethnicities and is known for its influence on film, music, literature, and fashion.2. United Kingdom:- Population: The United Kingdom, composed of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, has a population of over 66 million people.- Geography: The country is located in Western Europe and is known for its diverse landscapes, including rolling hills, coastal cliffs, and lush countryside.- Economy: The U.K. has a highly developed economy with a strong focus on industries such as finance, manufacturing,pharmaceuticals, and creative sectors.- Culture: The U.K. is rich in cultural heritage and has made significant contributions to literature, music, and arts. The country is also known for its royal family and historical landmarks.3. Canada:- Population: Canada is the second-largest country in the world by land area and has a population of over 38 million people.- Geography: The country is located in North America and is known for its stunning natural landscapes, including vast forests, lakes, and the Rocky Mountains.- Economy: Canada has a mixed-market economy with a strong focus on natural resources, such as oil, gas, timber, and minerals. It also has thriving sectors in technology, finance, and manufacturing. - Culture: Canadian culture is diverse, influenced by indigenous peoples, British and French colonial history, and immigration from various countries. Canada is known for its multiculturalism, hockey, and maple syrup.4. Australia:- Population: Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world by land area but has a relatively small population of around 25 million people.- Geography: The country is located in Oceania and is known for its diverse landscapes, including the Great Barrier Reef, deserts, rainforests, and stunning beaches.- Economy: Australia has a prosperous and open-market economy, highly dependent on natural resources such as minerals, natural gas, and agricultural products. It also has strong sectors in finance, tourism, and education.- Culture: Australian culture is influenced by indigenous Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, as well as British and multicultural influences. The country is known for its laid-back, outdoor lifestyle, sports, and unique wildlife.These are just a few examples of prominent English-speaking countries. Each country has its own unique history, culture, and contributions to the global stage. Understanding the characteristics of these countries is important for international relations, business, and cultural exchange.。
Chapter 4 tradition and custom 英语国家概况
4.1 Uncle Sam
• Uncle Sam is a national personification of the US, and sometimes more specifically of the American government, with the first usage of the term dating from the War of 1812 and the first illustration dating from 1852. He is often depicted as a serious elderly white man with white hair and a goatee, and dressed in clothing that recalls the design elements of flag of the US.
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10
Uncle Sam The American Spirit of “Do-It-Yourself” Thanksgiving The Self-Made Man John Bull Talking About the Weather Three Royal Traditions Three “Dont’s” Love of Privacy Halloween
4.1 Uncle Sam
• Uncle Sam’s appearance is derived from ---
Folklore: Brother Jonathan & Yankee Doodle
4.1 Uncle Sam
• Brother Jonathan was a fictional character created to personify the entire United States, in the early days of the country’s existence. • A popular folk tale bout the origin of the term holds that the character derives from Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of Connecticut. It is said that George Washington often uttered the words: “We must consult Brother Jonathan” when faced with a difficult question; however, that origin is doubtful, as neither man made reference to the story during lifetimes and the first appearance of the story has been traced to the mid-19th century, long after their deaths.
u4-u7英语国家概况 Unit 4
The UK Economy
3) Why are the years following the Second World War were problematic for the UK aviation industry? How to solve the problem? What is the first product produced collaboratively? 4) What is the most successful collaborative programme?
The UK Economy
1. Absolute Decline and Relative Decline 1) By which countries and when was the UK overtaken? 2) Why does the UK economy decline after 1945? 3) Why does the independence of India have great influence on the UK? 4) Do you think it is better that the British industry survived comparatively unaffected than that the industry of Germany and Japan were seriously damaged? 5) Why does the UK lack close relationship between industry and banks , as compared to the two most successful post-war economies, Japan and Germany, where banks and industrial firms have v
英语国家概况(中英)(57页)
英语国家概况（An Overview ofEnglishSpeaking Countries）一、英国（United Kingdom）1. 地理位置：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北边缘，由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和若干小岛组成。
2. 首都：伦敦（London），是英国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心。
3. 官方语言：英语4. 人口：约6600万，其中英格兰占最大比例。
5. 国旗：英国国旗被称为“米字旗”，由蓝、白、红三种颜色组成。
6. 经济：英国是世界上发达国家之一，拥有强大的金融、工业和科技实力。
7. 教育体系：英国教育体系享誉世界，牛津、剑桥等世界知名学府坐落于此。
8. 文化特色：英国有着丰富的历史文化底蕴，如莎士比亚、牛顿、披头士乐队等均诞生于此。
同时，英国也是现代足球的发源地。
二、美国（United States of America）1. 地理位置：美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，南接墨西哥湾和加勒比海，北邻加拿大。
2. 首都：华盛顿特区（Washington, D.C.），是美国政治中心。
3. 官方语言：英语4. 人口：约3.3亿，是世界上第三人口大国。
5. 国旗：美国国旗被称为“星条旗”，由红、白、蓝三种颜色组成。
6. 经济：美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的科技创新能力和金融市场。
7. 教育体系：美国教育资源丰富，世界顶尖大学如哈佛、斯坦福等均位于此。
8. 文化特色：美国文化多元化，涵盖了欧洲、亚洲、非洲等多种文化元素。
好莱坞电影、NBA篮球、美式足球等在全球具有广泛影响力。
三、加拿大（Canada）1. 地理位置：加拿大位于北美洲北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接北冰洋，南邻美国。
2. 首都：渥太华（Ottawa），是加拿大的政治中心。
3. 官方语言：英语和法语4. 人口：约3800万，是世界上面积第二大国家。
5. 国旗：加拿大国旗被称为“枫叶旗”，由红、白两色组成。
6. 经济：加拿大经济发达，资源丰富，特别是石油、天然气和矿产资源。
英语国家概况Chapter 4
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
I
Recent History of British Economy
Economic decline
After World War II, the British
East coast of Scotland
Large amount of coal use)
(kept for future
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
1 Agriculture
Agriculture: high degree of mechanization 1% of labor force-----60% of the national demand
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
II
Current British Economy
the world's fifth largest economy (after US, Japan, Germany and China) The UK's people are the world's twelfth richest
主要英语国家概况第4版
主要英语国家概况第4版
主要英语国家指的是以英语为官方语言且主要使用英语进行交流和教育的国家。
以下是主要英语国家的概况：
1.英国(United Kingdom)：英国是英语的发源地，也是世界上第一个大规模使用英语的国家。
英国是欧洲经济强国，拥有丰富的文化遗产和历史背景。
2.美国(United States)：美国是世界上最大的英语国家，也是全球最强大的经济实体之一。
美国是一个多元文化的国家，拥有广泛的领土和各种气候条件。
3.加拿大(Canada)：加拿大是北美洲第二大国家，也是一个双语国家，英语和法语都是其官方语言。
加拿大是一个多元文化的国家，拥有丰富的自然景观和资源。
4.澳大利亚(Australia)：澳大利亚是一个位于南太平洋的国家，也是一个英联邦国家。
澳大利亚是一个高发达的国家，拥有现代化的城市和良好的教育体系。
5.新西兰(New Zealand)：新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的国家，也
是一个英联邦国家。
新西兰拥有优美的自然风光和多元文化的社会。
6.印度(India)：印度是世界上人口第二多的国家，也是一个广泛
使用英语的国家。
英语在印度是官方语言之一，广泛用于政府、商务
和教育领域。
7.南非(South Africa)：南非是非洲最发达的国家之一，也是一
个多元文化和多语言的国家。
英语是南非的官方语言之一，广泛用于
商务和教育领域。
以上是主要英语国家的概况，每个国家都有其独特的文化和特点，同时也是全球交流和教育的重要中心。
英语国家概况4
1．第1题Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally?A.The tabloidsB.The News of the WorldC.The financial TimesD.The Observer您的答案：C2．第2题Several gifted women played a part in 19th –century literature. Which of the following is an exception?A.Virginia WoolfB.Emily BronteC.Jane AustenD.Charlotte Bronte您的答案：A3．第3题Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism?A.D. H. LawrenceB.E. M. ForsterC.Charles DickensD.Virginia Woolf您的答案：C4．第4题Which period of time in British history was described as “private affluence and public squalor”?A.the 1940sB.the 1970sC.the 1980sD.the 1990s您的答案：C5．第5题Which invention marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”?A.newspaper.B.telegraph.undry machine.D.television.您的答案：D6．第6题Institutional factors that contributed to the success of American business and industry include __.issez-faireB.bountiful resourcesC.vast dimensionsD.entrepreneurial spirit您的答案：A7．第7题Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?A.Harvard University.B.the State University of New York.C.Yale University.D.Princeton University.您的答案：B8．第8题The expenditure in American public school is guided or decided by _____ .A.teachersB.studentsC.headmastersD.boards of education您的答案：D9．第9题In which of the following areas Australia and America have disagreements?A.Trade policiesB.American military presence in the Asian and Pacific regionC.Establishing diplomatic relations with P. R. ChinaD.Australia’s membership in the UN Security Council您的答案：A10．第10题Which of the following states has a one-chamber parliament?A.VictoriaB.South AustraliaC.Western AustraliaD.Queensland您的答案：D11．第11题The two main land masses in New Zealand areA.the White Island And the thermal regionB.the North Island And the South IslandC.the Southern Alps And the North IslandD.Auckland And the South Island您的答案：B12．第12题New Zealanders have adopted their name from the kiwi, _________ .A.which is A native flightless birdB.which was the only mammal in New ZealandC.which was introduced to New Zealand About 1,000 years AgoD.which is An introduced flightless bird您的答案：A13．第13题During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as ______ to integrate interstate buses and bus stations in the South.A.free speechB.sit-ins at lunch countersC.teach-ins at interstate train stationsD.freedom rides您的答案：D14．第14题The first popular ragtime tune was ___.A.“Maple Leaf Rag” by Scot Joplin in 1896B.“Handful of keys” by Fats Waller in 1929C.“A Monday Date” by Earl HinesD.“The Sheik of Araby” by Albert Ammons in the 1930s您的答案：A15．第15题The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of _ .A.New YorkB.Rhode IslandC.ConnecticutD.Georgia您的答案：B16．第16题At present, which of the following areas has the largest farms in Canada?A.the western provinces.B.the eastern provinces.C.British Columbia.D.the prairie provinces.您的答案：D17．第17题The “American system” of mass production was first used in ____ .A.car industryB.textile industryC.firearms industryD.agriculture您的答案：C18．第18题Which of the following is NOT a part of the Australian social security programs?A.Tertiary education assistanceB.Age pensionsC.Pensions for war and defense widowsD.The child disability allowance您的答案：A19．第19题The death blow to the Irish language was _ .A.the British colonial ruleB.the independence of IrelandC.the Great FamineD.Ireland’s accession to the EU您的答案：C20．第25题Diplomatic relations between Australia and China was established in__.A.the 1950sB.the 1960sC.the 1970sD.the 1980s您的答案：C21．第36题Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland?A. the Labor PartyB.the Liberal PartyC.the Scottish National PartyD.the Conservative Party您的答案：C22．第37题Which of the following is a quality paper?A.The News of the WorldB.The GuardianC.The TabloidsD.All of the Above您的答案：B23．第38题Which of the following statements is correct?A.Australia is the world’s largest producer And exporter of wool.B.Australia is the world’s largest exporter of Agr icultural products.C.Australia is the world’s largest producer And exporter of sugar.D.Australia is the world’s largest producer And exporter of dairy products.您的答案：A24．第39题If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index and if authorities were more vigorous in their enforcement of law, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be _______.A.olderB.wealthierC.whiterD.living near city centers您的答案：D25．第40题Which of the following king was executed in the civil war in 1640s?A.James IB.James IIC.Charles ID.Charles II您的答案：C26．第41题Drug abuse in the United States is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs. Which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse?A.There is a strong association between drug use and crime.B.Drug dependence takes a significant toll in terms of personal health and safety.C.Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.D.There are great economic losses because of drug abuse.您的答案：C27．第42题When did the first commercial radio station began broadcasting?A.1910.B.1920.C.1930.D.1916.您的答案：B28．第43题Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to New Zealand’s environmental achievement?A.Favorable geographic features.B.Low population.C.A late development of industry.D.The ozone hole over Antarctica.您的答案：D29．第44题The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as _______ .A.the Black MuslimsB.Federal Bureau of InvestigationC.Student for A Democratic SocietyD.Ku Klux Klan您的答案：D30．第45题The three influential Canadian Prime Ministers have a lot of things in common. Which of the following is the exception?A.They came from Quebec and could speak French as fluently as English.B.They were educated as lawyers.C.They shared the vision of a strong, united Canada and worked hard to overcome thD. They belong to the same political party.您的答案：D31．第20题The Times is the world’s oldest national newspaper.您的答案：错误32．第21题Rabbits have nothing to do with Easter.您的答案：错误33．第22题The Great Council represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.您的答案：正确34．第23题Salvation through the church was one of the characteristics of Protestantism.您的答案：错误35．第24题Mark Twain’s works are chara cterized by egotism.您的答案：错误36．第26题The Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the ninth century because they needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.您的答案：正确37．第27题Britain had a big influence on the postwar international order because it got support from its former colonies.您的答案：错误38．第28题O. J. Simpson used to be a well-known athlete who plays football.您的答案：正确39．第29题The legislative is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes.您的答案：正确40．第30题The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded in 1945.您的答案：错误41．第31题Queensland was established as free colony.您的答案：错误42．第32题The Governor-General is the formal head of the executive branch of the government.您的答案：正确43．第33题Whistle-blowers are people who give out secrets to the media for money.您的答案：错误44．第34题The Middle Eastern migrants tend to occupy the lower range of occupation.您的答案：正确45．第35题The mass in the Elite Theory of power are politically passive.您的答案：错误46．第46题Under the reign of William of Orange was the Bill of Rights passed.您的答案：正确47．第47题In the 1970s, although the income of the black family increased greatly, the total black-white income gap was widened.您的答案：正确48．第48题The Anglican Church has the demographic supremacy in Australia today.您的答案：错误49．第49题The Wakefield Scheme was implemented most thoroughly in Victoria.您的答案：错误50．第50题The “Currency children” were less criminal than their peers in England.您的答案：正确。
英语国家概况3-4
Significance
Last invasion from outside
marks the formal establishment of feudalism in England
marks the beginning of the middle English
bilingualism
.
William the conqueror
.
Alfred the Great(871-899)
King of Wessex In war: “father of British navy” In peace:
Promoting the teaching of Christianity His translations were regarded as “the beginning of the prose literature in England
--confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy --guaranteed free speech within two houses -- excluded any roman catholic from the sucession
.
Background:
Charles I believed in “divine rights of king”(君权神授）and dismissed the parliament for 11 years (1629-1640). It was only when he needed an army to fight against Scotland that he recalled the parliament but was refused by the parliament
主要英语国家概况chapter 4
Positive consequences: • The inflation was under control. • Companies were more efficient, being able to pay higher wages and make higher profits. Negative consequences: • A rapid increase in unemployment • The public services became worse. The national economy as a whole continued to grow at lower rates than its competitors.
• She came into power as Britain’s first woman Prime Minister in 1979 when her Conservative party won the general election. • She advocated the idea of small government and free-market economics. • During her term as the Prime Minister, she carried out policies to privatize the nationalized industry and to cut tax rate. • As a result, many businesses boomed but unemployment rate increased. She was later replaced by John Major in 1990.
２００７世界主要经济体ＧＤＰ 排名
自考英语国家概况--复习资料--课后题总结---(4).doc
5.What do you know about parliamentary reform?Political change in England did not come through revolution but through gradual reform. At the general election of 1830,the Whigs under Lord Grey returned to power and want to carry out parliamental reforms. There were several reasons.First,power was monopolized by the aristocrats.Second,representation of town and country,and North and South wasunfair.Finally,there were also various rotten or pocket boroughs.So, between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed.The Reform Act of 1832 Abolished "rotten Boroughs",and redistributed parliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns.lt also gave the vote to many householders and tenants ,based on the value of their property.6.What do you know about the Chartist Movement and The people's Charter? What's your comment on them?In 1836 a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the Londan Working Men's Association.they drew up a charter of political demands(a People's Charter),The Chartist movement was the first nation wide working class movement and drew attention to serious problem.Chartism failed bacause of its weak and divided leadership,and its lack of coordination with trade-unionism.7.How did the Labour Party come into being?As the new working class became established in the industrial towns in the late 18th century,they became aware of the power which they could possess if they acted together instead of separately. So various working class organizations were formed which brough about the formation of a political party, the Labour Party.The Labour Party had its origins in the Independent Labour Party,which was formed in January, 1893 and led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labour depended on the trade unions. In 1900,representatives of trade unions,the ILP,and a number of small societies set up the Labour Representation Committee(LRC). The IRC changed its name to the Labour Party in time for the general election which was called for in 1906.the Labour Party remains one of the two major parties in Britain until today.8.What was the colonial expansion like during the 19th century.1)In the late 18th century Britain acquired vast,underpopulatedterritories:Canada,Australia,and New Zealand.2)The conquest of India3)The scramble for Africa4)Aggression against China9.What did Winston Churchill play in the Second World War?Winston Churchill took over Chamberlain as Prime Minister in 1940 to lead Britain in such a crisis to be attacked by Germany.He received massive popular support as a war leader and led his country to final victory in 1945. He played an important role in the Second World War.10.What are the main contents of Thatcherism?Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister in Britain in 1979.Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state owned industries.the use of monetarist policies to control inflation,the weakening of trade unions,the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy,and an emphasis on law and order.Chapter 6 The Economy1.What are the three periods as far as the evolution of the British economy is concerned?The three periods of the evolution of the British economy are:steady development in the 50s and 60s,economic recession in the 70s and economic recover in the 80s.2.What measures did the Thatcher government take to improve the nation's economy?1)Macroeconomic measures were directed towards bringing down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability.2)Microeconomic policies were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprise,efficiency and flexibility(弹'性)。
英语国家概况复习题(4)
广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育《英语国家概况》第四套复习题I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for False . ( points each , 30 points in total )1.American Indians were the earliest inhabitants on American continent.2.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of the King.3.The Hundred Years’ War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans fortrade and territory.4.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Maryactually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.5.In reality, the British parliament is the source of all government powers.6.British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.7.The members in the House of Commons are elected rather than appointed.8.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.9.Cabinet members in Britain are chosen by the Prime Minister from the leading politicalparty in Parliament.10.America was the first industrialized nation in the world.11.The British economy experienced a relative boost during the postwar period.12.Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the Britisheconomic and social problems.13.Britain is the world’s leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 and 16.15.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.16.During Clinton’s term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate ofunemployment..17.Like Britain, the United States has a two-party system.18.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Thursday in November.19.The Republican Party in America is conservative in terms of its ideology.20.The King or Queen of Britain is the head of state, their powers are largely symbolic.Answer keys: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F11. F 12. T 13. F 14. T 15. F 16. T 17. T 18. T 19. T 20. TII.Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. (2 points each, 40 points in total)1. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in __B_______.A. ConcordB. Lexington D. Philadelphia B. Boston2. Abraham Lincoln issued ___C______ to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights3. The policy of the United States was __A_____ at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement4. President __C_____ applied New Deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy5. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents ___D______.A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower, and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson6.The . Constitution came into effect in __B_____.A. 1787 C. 1791 D. 17937. The Constitution of the United States ____C____.A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court8. The Bill of Rights _____B_____.A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution9. The following except ___B_____ are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by police.C. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes10. The following except ___C____ are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders11. According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be__D_______.A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 year’s resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above12. The terms for a Senator and Representative are ___D____ and ______ years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two13. The president is directly voted into office by ____C___.A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives14.Formal education in the United States consists of __C____, secondary and highereducation.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. privateeducation in the United States began with the founding of ____B____.A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University16. To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except __C____.A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits17. Of the following, ___B_____ are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges18. The National Day of the United States falls on ____B_____.A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th19. The United States has __C____ states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 35。
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1．第1题Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally?A.The tabloidsB.The News of the WorldC.The financial TimesD.The Observer您的答案：C2．第2题Several gifted women played a part in 19th –century literature. Which of the following is an exception?A.Virginia WoolfB.Emily BronteC.Jane AustenD.Charlotte Bronte您的答案：A3．第3题Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism?A.D. H. LawrenceB.E. M. ForsterC.Charles DickensD.Virginia Woolf您的答案：C4．第4题Which period of time in British history was described as “private affluence and public squalor”?A.the 1940sB.the 1970sC.the 1980sD.the 1990s您的答案：C5．第5题Which invention marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”?A.newspaper.B.telegraph.undry machine.D.television.您的答案：D6．第6题Institutional factors that contributed to the success of American business and industry include __.issez-faireB.bountiful resourcesC.vast dimensionsD.entrepreneurial spirit您的答案：A7．第7题Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?A.Harvard University.B.the State University of New York.C.Yale University.D.Princeton University.您的答案：B8．第8题The expenditure in American public school is guided or decided by _____ .A.teachersB.studentsC.headmastersD.boards of education您的答案：D9．第9题In which of the following areas Australia and America have disagreements?A.Trade policiesB.American military presence in the Asian and Pacific regionC.Establishing diplomatic relations with P. R. ChinaD.Australia’s membership in the UN Security Council您的答案：A10．第10题Which of the following states has a one-chamber parliament?A.VictoriaB.South AustraliaC.Western AustraliaD.Queensland您的答案：D11．第11题The two main land masses in New Zealand areA.the White Island And the thermal regionB.the North Island And the South IslandC.the Southern Alps And the North IslandD.Auckland And the South Island您的答案：B12．第12题New Zealanders have adopted their name from the kiwi, _________ .A.which is A native flightless birdB.which was the only mammal in New ZealandC.which was introduced to New Zealand About 1,000 years AgoD.which is An introduced flightless bird您的答案：A13．第13题During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as ______ to integrate interstate buses and bus stations in the South.A.free speechB.sit-ins at lunch countersC.teach-ins at interstate train stationsD.freedom rides您的答案：D14．第14题The first popular ragtime tune was ___.A.“Maple Leaf Rag” by Scot Joplin in 1896B.“Handful of keys” by Fats Waller in 1929C.“A Monday Date” by Earl HinesD.“The Sheik of Araby” by Albert Ammons in the 1930s您的答案：A15．第15题The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of _ .A.New YorkB.Rhode IslandC.ConnecticutD.Georgia您的答案：B16．第16题At present, which of the following areas has the largest farms in Canada?A.the western provinces.B.the eastern provinces.C.British Columbia.D.the prairie provinces.您的答案：D17．第17题The “American system” of mass production was first used in ____ .A.car industryB.textile industryC.firearms industryD.agriculture您的答案：C18．第18题Which of the following is NOT a part of the Australian social security programs?A.Tertiary education assistanceB.Age pensionsC.Pensions for war and defense widowsD.The child disability allowance您的答案：A19．第19题The death blow to the Irish language was _ .A.the British colonial ruleB.the independence of IrelandC.the Great FamineD.Ireland’s accession to the EU您的答案：C20．第25题Diplomatic relations between Australia and China was established in__.A.the 1950sB.the 1960sC.the 1970sD.the 1980s您的答案：C21．第36题Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland?A. the Labor PartyB.the Liberal PartyC.the Scottish National PartyD.the Conservative Party您的答案：C22．第37题Which of the following is a quality paper?A.The News of the WorldB.The GuardianC.The TabloidsD.All of the Above您的答案：B23．第38题Which of the following statements is correct?A.Australia is the world’s largest producer And exporter of wool.B.Australia is the world’s largest exporter of Agricultural products.C.Au stralia is the world’s largest producer And exporter of sugar.D.Australia is the world’s largest producer And exporter of dairy products.您的答案：A24．第39题If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index and if authorities were more vigorous in their enforcement of law, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be _______.A.olderB.wealthierC.whiterD.living near city centers您的答案：D25．第40题Which of the following king was executed in the civil war in 1640s?A.James IB.James IIC.Charles ID.Charles II您的答案：C26．第41题Drug abuse in the United States is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs. Which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse?A.There is a strong association between drug use and crime.B.Drug dependence takes a significant toll in terms of personal health and safety.C.Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.D.There are great economic losses because of drug abuse.您的答案：C27．第42题When did the first commercial radio station began broadcasting?A.1910.B.1920.C.1930.D.1916.您的答案：B28．第43题Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to New Zealand’s environmental achievement?A.Favorable geographic features.B.Low population.C.A late development of industry.D.The ozone hole over Antarctica.您的答案：D29．第44题The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as _______ .A.the Black MuslimsB.Federal Bureau of InvestigationC.Student for A Democratic SocietyD.Ku Klux Klan您的答案：D30．第45题The three influential Canadian Prime Ministers have a lot of things in common. Which of the following is the exception?A.They came from Quebec and could speak French as fluently as English.B.They were educated as lawyers.C.They shared the vision of a strong, united Canada and worked hard to overcome thD. They belong to the same political party.您的答案：D31．第20题The Times is the world’s oldest national newspaper.您的答案：错误32．第21题Rabbits have nothing to do with Easter.您的答案：错误33．第22题The Great Council represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.您的答案：正确34．第23题Salvation through the church was one of the characteristics of Protestantism.您的答案：错误35．第24题Mark Twain’s works are characterized by egotism.您的答案：错误36．第26题The Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the ninth century because they needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.您的答案：正确37．第27题Britain had a big influence on the postwar international order because it got support from its former colonies.您的答案：错误38．第28题O. J. Simpson used to be a well-known athlete who plays football.您的答案：正确39．第29题The legislative is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes.您的答案：正确40．第30题The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded in 1945.您的答案：错误41．第31题Queensland was established as free colony.您的答案：错误42．第32题The Governor-General is the formal head of the executive branch of the government.您的答案：正确43．第33题Whistle-blowers are people who give out secrets to the media for money.您的答案：错误44．第34题The Middle Eastern migrants tend to occupy the lower range of occupation.您的答案：正确45．第35题The mass in the Elite Theory of power are politically passive.您的答案：错误46．第46题Under the reign of William of Orange was the Bill of Rights passed.您的答案：正确47．第47题In the 1970s, although the income of the black family increased greatly, the total black-white income gap was widened.您的答案：正确48．第48题The Anglican Church has the demographic supremacy in Australia today.您的答案：错误49．第49题The Wakefield Scheme was implemented most thoroughly in Victoria.您的答案：错误50．第50题The “Currency children” were less criminal than their peers in England.您的答案：正确。