中国香港税收协定
会计实务:如何理解中港税收协定中不动产占资产50%规定
如何理解中港税收协定中不动产占资产50%规定问:A公司的香港股东H公司将持有A公司(持股比例一直低于25%)的股票出售。
根据《国家税务总局关于执行〈内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排〉第二议定书有关问题的通知》(国税函[2008]685号)规定,H公司出售A公司股权的收益应当回香港征税。
问题:1、关于A公司的不动产占资产比例要低于50%,H公司的转股收益才能回香港征税。
不动产是占总资产比例低于50%,还是不动产占净资产比例低于50%,才能享受优惠?2、《国家税务总局关于税收协定中财产收益条款有关问题的公告》(国家税务总局公告2012年第59号)第三条规定,“中新税收协定”第十三条第四款以及“国税发[2010]75号所附条文解释”所述的公司财产和不动产均应按照当时有效的中国会计制度有关资产(不考虑负债)处理的规定进行确认和计价,但相关不动产所含土地或土地使用权价值额不得低于按照当时可比相邻或同类地段的市场价格计算的数额。
那么,根据这份条文的“(不考虑负债)”是不是指不动产占净资产比例低于50%? 答:《内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排》第十三条第四款规定,转让一个公司股份取得的收益,而该公司的财产主要直接或者间接由位于一方的不动产所组成,可以在该一方征税。
第五条规定,转让第四款所述以外的任何股份取得的收益,而该项股份相当于一方居民公司至少25%的股权,可以在该一方征税。
《内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排第二议定书》规定第四条,《安排》第十三条第四款及议定书第二条提及的公司财产不少于百分之五十由位于一方的不动产所组成,按以下规定执行:在股份持有人转让公司股份之前三年内,该公司财产至少百分之五十曾经为不动产。
第五条规定,取消《安排》第十三条第五款的规定,用下列规定代替:五、除第四款外,一方居民转让其在另一方居民公司资本中的股份或其他权利取得的收益,如果该收益人在转让行为前的十二个月内,曾经直接或间接参与该公司至少百分之二十五的资本,可以在该另一方征税。
国家税务总局关于执行税收协定特许权使用费条款有关问题的通知
乐税智库文档财税法规策划 乐税网国家税务总局关于执行税收协定特许权使用费条款有关问题的通知【标 签】特许权使用费,税收协定【颁布单位】国家税务总局【文 号】国税函﹝2009﹞507号【发文日期】2009-09-14【实施时间】2009-10-01【 有效性 】全文有效【税 种】企业所得税各省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市国家税务局、地方税务局,扬州税务进修学院: 根据中华人民共和国政府对外签署的避免双重征税协定(含内地与香港、澳门特别行政区签署的税收安排,以下统称税收协定)的有关规定,现就执行税收协定特许权使用费条款的有关问题通知如下: 一、凡税收协定特许权使用费定义中明确包括使用工业、商业、科学设备收取的款项(即我国税法有关租金所得)的,有关所得应适用税收协定特许权使用费条款的规定。
税收协定对此规定的税率低于税收法律规定税率的,应适用税收协定规定的税率。
上述规定不适用于使用不动产产生的所得,使用不动产产生的所得适用税收协定不动产条款的规定。
二、税收协定特许权使用费条款定义中所列举的有关工业、商业或科学经验的情报应理解为专有技术,一般是指进行某项产品的生产或工序复制所必需的、未曾公开的、具有专有技术性质的信息或资料(以下简称专有技术)。
三、与专有技术有关的特许权使用费一般涉及技术许可方同意将其未公开的技术许可给另一方,使另一方能自由使用,技术许可方通常不亲自参与技术受让方对被许可技术的具体实施,并且不保证实施的结果。
被许可的技术通常已经存在,但也包括应技术受让方的需求而研发后许可使用并在合同中列有保密等使用限制的技术。
四、在服务合同中,如果服务提供方提供服务过程中使用了某些专门知识和技术,但并不转让或许可这些技术,则此类服务不属于特许权使用费范围。
但如果服务提供方提供服务形成的成果属于税收协定特许权使用费定义范围,并且服务提供方仍保有该项成果的所有权,服务接受方对此成果仅有使用权,则此类服务产生的所得,适用税收协定特许权使用费条款的规定。
大陆与香港税收协定
大陆与香港税收协定(英文版)发布人:于科查看此用户所有文章发布日期:09年08月11日阅读次数:1052新闻内容:Arrangement between theMainland of China and the HKSARfor the Avoidance of Double Taxationand the Prevention of Fiscal EvasionINCOME FROMPERSONAL SERVICESInland Revenue DepartmentHong Kong Special Administrative Region of thePeople’s Republic of China1IntroductionThis pamphlet is applicable to the “Arrangement between the Mainland of China and theHong Kong Special Administrative Region forthe Avoidance of Double Taxation and thePrevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect toTaxes on Income” (“the ComprehensiveArrangement”) signed on 21 August 2006 and provides a brief explanation of how theComprehensive Arrangement applies to the taxation of income from personal services.In Hong Kong, the Comprehensive Arrangementapplies to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after 1 April 20 07; and in the Mainland, in any yearcommencing on or after 1 January 2007. The Comprehensive Arrangement performs the f unction of allocating taxing rights over income between Hong Kong and the Mainland. B oth Sides will still refer to their respective domestic taxation legislation to decide whether and how to exercise suchrights.Additional Pamphlets• Certification of Resident Status Provides information on the definition of Ho ng Kong and Mainland residents under the Comprehensive Arrangement and how to ver ify their resident status.• Business Profits, Income from Immovable Pr operty, Income from Investment andGains from Alienation of Property Provides information on how the Comprehensive Arrangement applies to the taxation of business profits, income from im movable property, income from investment (dividends, interest and royaltie s) and gains from alienation of property.INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENTMainland residents coming to work in Hong Kong1. Remuneration derived by a resident of theMainland from an employment exercisedin Hong Kong is chargeable to Salaries Tax i n Hong Kong. However, the Mainland resident will be exempt from Salaries Tax if all the following three conditions aresatisfied:2(a) he is present in Hong Kong for a periodor periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any 12-month period co mmencing or ending in the yearof assessment concerned (please refer to par agraphs 15 to 18 below for detailsof the “Present for not exceeding 183 days”exemption condition);(b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a residentof Hong Kong; and(c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment which theemployer has in Hong Kong.2. Where a Mainland resident renders employment services in Hong Kong but does not meet any of the conditions mentioned in para graphs 1(a) to 1(c) above (e.g. his remuneration is paid by a Hong Kong employe r), he will still be exempt under Hong Kong taxation law from Salaries Tax if his visit to Hong Kong in the year of assessment concerned does not exceed a totalof 60 days.Hong Kong residents working across the Mainland borderTax liabilities in Hong Kong3. The income derived by a resident of HongKong from his Hong Kong employmentwill be wholly chargeable to Hong Kong Salar ies Tax irrespective of whether it has been paid by the Hong Kong employer or a Mai nland establishment, even thoughpart of his duties are performed in the Main land. However, if the Hong Kong resident has paid Individual Income Tax in r espect of the income attributable to services rendered by him in the Mainland, he may apply for tax exemption for that part of the income under section 8(1A)(c) of the Inland Revenue Ordinance (“the Ordinance”), or for a tax credit under the p rovisions of Article 21 of the Comprehensive Arrangement. Application may be made on his tax return for theyear of assessment concerned, and supported with evidence of the Mainland tax payment. In general, tax exemption provides greater tax relief than that provided by tax credit. A Hong Kong resident who has declared and paid Salaries Tax on his employment income, and who has subsequently paid Individual Income Tax on all or part of his employment income in the Mainland because he has rendered services there, can apply, under section 70A of the O rdinance, to have his assessment revised in accordance with the provisions of section8(1A)(c).34. The income derived by a Hong Kong resident from his non-Hong Kong employmentwill be assessed under Salaries Tax according to the number of days in Hong Kong irrespective of whether it has been paid by an overseas employer or a Mainland establishment, provided that his visit(s) to Hong Kong exceed 60 days and duringwhich he renders services.5. If a Hong Kong resident renders services in Hong Kong, but his trips to Hong Kong only constitute “visits” not exceeding a to tal of 60 days during the year of assessment,he is not chargeable to Salaries Tax in Hong Kong. Whether the nature of a trip made by a Hong Kong resident is a “visit” o r not depends on the circumstances of each case. In general, if a person has a work base in the Mainland and is required to render services there as a permanent employe e, the person’s occasional return to Hong Kong will be recognized as a “visit”.6. If a Hong Kong resident returns to Hong Kong for over 60 days in a year of assessment, e.g. 170 days, and renders servi ces whilst in Hong Kong, such as attending conferences and reporting work pro gress, he will be subject to Salaries Tax in Hong Kong according to paragraphs 3 or 4above.Tax liabilities in the Mainland7. Remuneration derived by a Hong Kong resident from an employment exercised inthe Mainland is chargeable to Individual Inc ome Tax in the Mainland. However,the Hong Kong resident will be exempt from M ainland tax if all the following threeconditions are satisfied:(a) he is present in the Mainland for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any 12-month period co mmencing or ending in thetaxable period concerned (please refer to pa ragraphs 15 to 18 below for detailsof the “Present for not exceeding 183 days”exemption condition);(b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a residentof the Mainland; and(c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment which theemployer has in the Mainland.48. If, under his employment, a Hong Kong resident renders services both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong, and his aggregate periods of stay in the Mainland do not exceed 183 days, income paid or borne by the Mainland establishment will be chargeable to Individual Income Tax. Tax wil l be calculated on the chargeable income and then apportioned on time basis. I ncome paid by an overseas employer (including Hong Kong employer) is not chargeable.9. If, under his employment, a Hong Kong resident renders services both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong, and his aggregate periods of stay in the Mainland exceed 183 days, the total income received f rom the Mainland establishment and the overseas employer (including Hong Kong emplo yer) will be chargeable to Individual Income Tax. Tax will be calculated on the to tal income and then apportioned ontime basis.Counting of days of stay for calculating taxliabilities10. For tax computation purposes, the aggreg ate periods of stay in a taxable year is theaggregate of the days in each period of stay where the number of days is counted under the rule of the “days of physical presence minus one day”.11. The Mainland and Hong Kong are geographically so close to each other that a taxpayer may travel between the Mainland and Hong Kong on a particular day and provide services in both Sides. As such, it is not appropriate to apply the rule of the “days of physical presence minus one day”.However, serious double taxationcould occur if both Sides apply the rule of “days of physical presence”. To address such cases, the State Administration of Taxa tion and the Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department have reached consensus. If a taxp ayer travels between the Mainlandand Hong Kong on a particular day and provid es services in both Sides, he would be counted as present in the Mainland for halfa day and in Hong Kong for half a day. However, if he only provides services either in the Mainland or Hong Kong on thatday, he would be counted as having been pres ent for one day in the Mainland or Hong Kong, as the case may be.Examples12. The following examples illustrate the ta xing principles mentioned in paragraphs 3 to9 above.5Example 1Mr. Lee, a Hong Kong resident employed by a Hong Kong company, was assigned to be the manager of the enterprise invested by his em ployer in the Mainland. His monthly salary was $30,000, of which $10,000 was paid or bo rne by the Mainland enterprise. Apart from returning to Hong Kong on holidays, he was r equired to render services in Hong Kong. He stayed in the Mainland for an aggregate of 250 days.Hong Kong: As he had a Hong Kong employment and rendered services in Hong Kong,his salary, $30,000 a month, was fully assessable in Hong Kong.However, as he had to pay Mainland Individual Income Tax on theincome attributable to services rendered in the Mainland, he could applyfor exemption from Hong Kong Salaries Tax onthat part of the income orclaim a tax credit. Such an application would be made on his HongKong tax return, by completing the relevant section and submitting the evidence of payment of the Mainland tax. Mainland: As he was required to provide serv ices both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong under his employment and he stayed in t he Mainland for over 183days, his entire salary was chargeable to In dividual Income Tax, butsubject to adjustment to reflect the service s rendered outside the Mainland.In order to compute his Mainland tax liabili ty, he should first add up his salary payments in both Sides as his total t axable salary, calculate the tax thereon, and apportion the tax by time basis to arrive at the tax payable.Example 2Mr. Cheung, a Hong Kong resident employed bya Hong Kong company as Marketing Manager (China-Hong Kong Trade). He was requ ired to provide services both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong. His monthly salar y was $30,000, of which $10,000 was paid or borne by a Mainland entity. He stayed in the Mainland for an aggregate of 100 days.Hong Kong: Same as Example 1 Mainland: As he was required to provide serv ices both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong but stayed in the Mainland for not more than 183 days, only thatpart of his salary paid or borne by the Main land entity was chargeable to Individual Income Tax. Tax would be calculated on the chargeable6income and then apportioned on time basis. T hat part of the salary paidby the Hong Kong employer was not chargeableto Individual IncomeTax.Example 3Mr. Wong, a Hong Kong resident employed by a Hong Kong company, was responsible to manage the company in Hong Kong and the fact ory in the Mainland. Every day, he had to travel between the Mainland and Hong Kong and provide services in both Sides. His monthly salary was $30,000, of which $10,000 was paid or borne by the Mainland entity.Hong Kong: Same as Example 1 Mainland: As he was required to provide serv ices both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong and he stayed in the Mainland for over 183 days, both the Mainlandand Hong Kong salaries were chargeable to In dividual Income Tax. Heshould first add up his salary payments in b oth Sides as his total taxable income, calculate the tax thereon, and appor tion the tax by time basis toarrive at the tax payable (generally the Mai nland tax authority will adopt a “half-day rule” for any date where services are rendered both in theMainland and in Hong Kong).Hong Kong residents rendering services in the Mainland onlyTax liabilities in Hong Kong13. Irrespective of whether a Hong Kong resident is under a Hong Kong employment or a non-Hong Kong employment, if the duties are performed in the Mainland only (i.e. no services are rendered in Hong Kong), the income derived from the employmentwill be wholly exempt from Hong Kong Salarie s Tax (unless the individual is a civil servant, or a crew member of a ship or an aircraft).Tax liabilities in the Mainland14. If, under his employment (Hong Kong or non-Hong Kong), a Hong Kong resident renders services in the Mainland only (i.e. services are not rendered whilst in HongKong), all his income from that employment w ill be regarded as attributable to7services rendered in the Mainland. Such inco me is wholly chargeable to Mainland tax, irrespective of whether it is paid by a Mainland establishment or an overseas employer (including a Hong Kong employer) un less he satisfies all the three conditions mentioned in paragraph 7 above.(Please refer to paragraphs 22 and 23for the specific provisions for Hong Kong civil servants.)Example 4Mr. Chan, a Hong Kong resident employed by a Hong Kong company, was assigned to his employer’s Mainland factory to do quality co ntrol work. His monthly salary was $30,000. He did not render any services in Hong Kong.He only returned to Hong Kong to spend his leave and on Sundays and public holiday s. He stayed in the Mainland for an aggregateof 250 days.Hong Kong: As he did not provide any service in Hong Kong, all his income was exempt from Salaries Tax in Hong Kong. Mainland: As he was required to perform duti es in the Mainland only and stayed inthe Mainland for over 183 days, his salary of $30,000 a month waschargeable to Mainland tax in full. “Present for not exceeding 183 days” exemption condition15. Where an employment is exercised by a re sident of One Side in the Other Side, one of the conditions for tax exemption is satis fied only when he is present in the Other Side for a period or periods not exceeding i n the aggregate 183 days in any 12-month period commencing or ending in the taxable p eriod concerned. “Any 12-month period commencing or ending in the taxable p eriod concerned” denotes two concepts, namely, that the number of days of presence may straddle over 2 years, i.e. the days of presence can be calculated continuously o r in the aggregate irrespective of the year; and that a floating calculation method may be adopted. The 12-month period can commence or end on any day within the ta xable period concerned. The taxable period in the Mainland is the calendar year, whereas the taxable period (i.e. the year of assessment) in Hong Kong is the period fr om 1 April to 31 March of the next year.816. Take the year of assessment 2008/09 as an example, the time period that should be taken into account, based on the two concept s mentioned above, is between 2 April 2007 and 30 March 2010. If a Mainland reside nt is not present in Hong Kong for more than 183 days in any 12-month period in the time period identified above, he has met the “present for not exceeding 183 d ays” exemption condition for the year of assessment 2008/09. However, if the Mainland resident is present in Hong Kongfor more than 183 days in any 12-month period in the time period identified above, remuneration derived by him in respect of the employment exercised in Hong Kongis chargeable to Hong Kong Salaries Tax for the year of assessment 2008/09.17. In the year when the Comprehensive Arrangement became effective (the year 2007 for the Mainland and the year of assessment 2007/08 for Hong Kong), the Mainland adopts 1 January 2007 as the commencement da te for the purposes of ascertainingthe number of days a Hong Kong resident is p resent in the Mainland; whilst Hong Kong adopts 1 April 2007 as the commencement date for the purposes of ascertaining the number of days a Mainland r esident is present in Hong Kong. Inother words, in the first year of the applic ation of the Comprehensive Arrangement, the Mainland regards any 12-month period to be any 12-month period commencingin the period from 1 January 2007 to 31 Dece mber 2007; and Hong Kong regardsany 12-month period to be any 12-month period commencing in the period from 1April 2007 to 31 March 2008.18. The “days of physical presence” method is adopted in deciding whether a resident ispresent in the Other Side for a period or pe riods exceeding 183 days. Under this method, the day of arrival or departure and each day in the period during which he stays in the Other Side, however brief and f or whatever reasons, will be counted asone day respectively.DIRECTORS’ FEESTaxation of Directors’ Fees19. Directors’ fees and other similar paymen ts received by a Hong Kong resident or a Mainland resident in his capacity as a direc tor of a company is taxed in the Side of which the company is a resident, irrespectiv e of the period of his stay in either Side or the place where the services are actually rendered. Therefore, directors’ fees9derived by a Hong Kong resident in his capac ity as a director of a Mainland company will all be subject to the Individual Income Tax in the Mainland. Likewise, directors’ fees derived by a Mainland reside nt in his capacity as a director of a Hong Kong company will all be subject to Salaries Tax in Hong Kong. “Directors’ fees and other similar payments” include benefits in kind (such as share options, the use of a residence or car, health or life insura nce coverage and club memberships). “Directors’ fees and other similar payment s” do not include wages, salaries and other remunerations paid to a director on account of his other functions with the company (e.g. as an employee or consultant). Such wages, salaries and other remunerationswill be dealt with in accordance with the pr ovisions for income from employment or business profits, whichever is applicable.ARTISTES AND SPORTSPERSONSTaxation of Artistes and Sportspersons 20. Separate provisions apply to income deri ved by artistes and sportspersons. A Hong Kong resident artiste or sportsperson who pe rforms activities in the Mainland will be subject to Individual Income Tax on income derived from these activities. Similarly, income derived from the performance of activ ities in Hong Kong by an artiste or a sportsperson who is a Mainland resident will be chargeable to Profits Tax in Hong Kong. The income subject to tax may accrue t o the artiste or sportsperson, or to any other person, such as a company or an enterprise.PENSIONSTaxation of Pensions21. Pensions and other similar payments made under a public scheme which is part of the social security system implemented in the Ma inland shall be taxable only in the Mainland; whilst pensions and other similar payments made under a “recognized retirement scheme” in Hong Kong shall be tax able only in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, a “recognized retirement scheme” mean s a “recognized occupational retirement scheme” and a “mandatory provide nt fund scheme”. The term “pensions10and other similar remuneration” includes ann uities paid in respect of past employment, lump sum payments in lieu of pen sions received at the time of or after leaving services, sums received by way of commutation of pensions and pensions received by widows and orphans. However, thi s provision does not apply to a lump sum payment made upon cessation of an employ ment or termination of a contract. Such a payment falls within the meaning of i ncome from employment and therefore will be taxed in accordance with the provisi ons applicable to income fromemployment.GOVERNMENT SERVICETaxation of remuneration in respect of Government Service22. Remuneration and pensions paid by the Government of One Side to an individual (other than an individual who is a resident of the Other Side and renders services in that Other Side) in respect of services rend ered to that Government, in the discharge of government functions shall be taxable only in that Side.23. For example, the income of a Hong Kong resident employed by the Hong Kong Government to work in its office in Beijing shall be taxable only in Hong Kong. On the other hand, the income of a Mainland resident employed by the Hong Kong Government to work in the Beijing office sha ll be taxable only in the Mainland.The income of a Mainland resident employed b y the Central People’s Government to work in the Hong Kong office shall be taxable only in the Mainland. If a Hong Kong resident is employed by the Central Peo ple’s Government to work in the Hong Kong office, his income shall be taxable only in Hong Kong.STUDENTSTaxation of Students24. The Comprehensive Arrangement gives limited tax exemption to students so as to assist and nurture talents as well as to take care of students’ living expenses. Payments (including tuition fees, student gr ants and scholarships) received by a11Mainland student who comes to Hong Kong for the purpose of his education shallnot be taxed in Hong Kong, provided that such payments arise from sources outside Hong Kong. Likewise, payments (including tui tion fees, student grants and scholarships) received by a Hong Kong studen t who stays in the Mainland for the purpose of his education shall not be taxed in the Mainland, provided that such payments arise from sources outside Mainland.Additional Information AvailableFor more detailed information, please refer to Departmental Interpretation & PracticeNote No. 44, which is available at the website of the Department: “.hk”.For further enquiries, please call the Department on 2594 2800.PAM 72(e)(The content of this pamphlet is for guidance only) June 2007中国内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税的安排时间: 2009年03月12日来源:不详作者: 佚名浏览次数:中华人民共和国香港特别行政区税务局税务条例释义及执行指引中国内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税的安排本指引载有一般性的参考资料,以解释中国内地与香港特别行政区所达成有关对所得避免双重征税的安排。
税收制度的法律级次
遇到财政税收问题?赢了网律师为你免费解惑!访问>>税收制度的法律级次目前,中国有权制定税收法律法规和政策的国家机关主要有全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会,国务院,财政部、国家税务总局、海关总署、国务院关税税则委员会等。
一、全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的法律和有关规范性文件《中华人民共和国宪法》规定,全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权。
《中华人民共和国立法法》第8条规定,税收事项属于基本制度,只能由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会通过制定法律方式确立。
税收法律在中华人民共和国主权范围内普遍适用,具有最高法律效力。
目前,由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的税收实体法有两部,即《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》和《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》;税收程序法有一部,即《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》。
全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会作出的规范性决议、决定以及全国人民代表大会常务委员会的法律解释,同其制定的法律具有同等法律效力。
比如,1993年12月全国人民代表大会常务委员会审议通过的《关于外商投资企业和外国企业适用增值税、消费税、营业税等税收暂行条例的决定》,等等。
二、国务院制定的行政法规和有关规范性文件我国现行税法绝大部分都是国务院制定的行政法规和规范性文件。
归纳起来,可以区分为以下几种类型:一是税收的基本制度。
全国人大及其常委会尚未制定法律的,授权国务院制定行政法规。
比如,现行增值税、消费税、营业税、车辆购置税、土地增值税、房产税、城镇土地使用税、耕地占用税、契税、资源税、车船税、船舶吨税、印花税、城市维护建设税、烟叶税、关税等诸多税种,都是国务院制定的税收条例。
二是法律实施条例或细则。
全国人大及其常委会制定的个人所得税法、企业所得税法、税收征管法,国务院相应制定实施条例或实施细则。
三是税收的非基本制度。
国务院根据实际工作需要制定的规范性文件,包括国务院或者国务院办公厅发布的通知、决定等。
根据中华人民共和国政府对外签署的避免双重征税协定
根据中华人民共和国政府对外签署的避免双重征税协定(含内地与香港、澳门特别行政区签署的税收安排,以下统称税收协定)的有关规定,国家税务总局近日发布《关于执行税收协定特许权使用费条款有关问题的通知》(以下简称通知)(国税函[2009]507号),就执行税收协定特许权使用费条款的有关问题进行了明确,并自2009年10月1日起执行。
通知对税收协定中关于特许权使用费的若干概念进行了明确。
明确指出,凡税收协定特许权使用费定义中明确包括使用工业、商业、科学设备收取的款项(即我国税法有关租金所得)的,有关所得应适用税收协定特许权使用费条款的规定。
税收协定对此规定的税率低于税收法律规定税率的,应适用税收协定规定的税率。
但通知也提示,上述规定不适用于使用不动产产生的所得,使用不动产产生的所得适用税收协定不动产条款的规定。
此外,在服务合同中,如果服务提供方提供服务过程中使用了某些专门知识和技术,但并不转让或许可这些技术,则此类服务不属于特许权使用费范围。
但如果服务提供方提供服务形成的成果属于税收协定特许权使用费定义范围,并且服务提供方仍保有该项成果的所有权,服务接受方对此成果仅有使用权,则此类服务产生的所得,适用税收协定特许权使用费条款的规定。
在转让或许可专有技术使用权过程中如技术许可方派人员为该项技术的使用提供有关支持、指导等服务并收取服务费,无论是单独收取还是包括在技术价款中,均应视为特许权使用费,适用税收协定特许权使用费条款的规定。
但如上述人员的服务已构成常设机构,则对服务部分的所得应适用税收协定营业利润条款的规定。
如果纳税人不能准确计算应归属常设机构的营业利润,则税务机关可根据税收协定常设机构利润归属原则予以确定。
通知特别指出,下列款项或报酬不应是特许权使用费,应为劳务活动所得:一是单纯货物贸易项下作为售后服务的报酬;二是产品保证期内卖方为买方提供服务所取得的报酬;三是专门从事工程、管理、咨询等专业服务的机构或个人提供的相关服务所取得的款项;四是国家税务总局规定的其他类似报酬。
国税函〔2009〕507号特许权税收协定内容解读
国税函〔2009〕507号特许权税收协定内容解读国家税务总局关于执行税收协定特许权使用费条款有关问题的通知国税函〔2009〕507号各省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市国家税务局、地方税务局,扬州税务进修学院:根据中华人民共和国政府对外签署的避免双重征税协定(含内地与香港、澳门特别行政区签署的税收安排,以下统称税收协定)的有关规定,现就执行税收协定特许权使用费条款的有关问题通知如下:一、凡税收协定特许权使用费定义中明确包括使用工业、商业、科学设备收取的款项(即我国税法有关租金所得)的,有关所得应适用税收协定特许权使用费条款的规定。
税收协定对此规定的税率低于税收法律规定税率的,应适用税收协定规定的税率。
上述规定不适用于使用不动产产生的所得,使用不动产产生的所得适用税收协定不动产条款的规定。
二、税收协定特许权使用费条款定义中所列举的有关工业、商业或科学经验的情报应理解为专有技术,一般是指进行某项产品的生产或工序复制所必需的、未曾公开的、具有专有技术性质的信息或资料(以下简称专有技术)。
三、与专有技术有关的特许权使用费一般涉及技术许可方同意将其未公开的技术许可给另一方,使另一方能自由使用,技术许可方通常不亲自参与技术受让方对被许可技术的具体实施,并且不保证实施的结果。
被许可的技术通常已经存在,但也包括应技术受让方的需求而研发后许可使用并在合同中列有保密等使用限制的技术。
四、在服务合同中,如果服务提供方提供服务过程中使用了某些专门知识和技术,但并不转让或许可这些技术,则此类服务不属于特许权使用费范围。
但如果服务提供方提供服务形成的成果属于税收协定特许权使用费定义范围,并且服务提供方仍保有该项成果的所有权,服务接受方对此成果仅有使用权,则此类服务产生的所得,适用税收协定特许权使用费条款的规定。
五、在转让或许可专有技术使用权过程中如技术许可方派人员为该项技术的使用提供有关支持、指导等服务并收取服务费,无论是单独收取还是包括在技术价款中,均应视为特许权使用费,适用税收协定特许权使用费条款的规定。
香港和内地双重征税问题的探讨
财经纵横香港和内地双重征税问题的探讨□黎林(厦门大学财政系福建厦门361005)摘要香港和内地实行不同的税收管辖权。
香港实行的收入来源地税收管辖权,内地实行的是居民税收管辖权和收入来源地税收管辖权。
这必然导致香港和内地之间的双重征税问题。
虽然在1998年双方签订了内地和香港之间避免双重征税的安排,但是仍然存在一些问题。
本文对此分析后提出相应的改进措施。
关键词居民税收管辖权收入来源地税收管辖权中图分类号:D922.1文献标识码:A文章编号:1009-0592(2006)10-117-02引言香港是我国重要的FDI的来源地,1990—1996年,在中国引进的外商直接投资中,50%以上来自香港;随着中国改革开放度的提高,引进其他国家和地区的FDI逐渐增多,港资所占的比例也有所下降。
据统计,到2004年,港资仍然是我国最大的FDI来源地,达到42%以上。
所以研究香港和内地之间的双重征税问题具有重要意义。
一、香港和内地之间双重征税产生的原因香港和内地之间的经贸、人员往来在税种上主要涉及所得税。
在大陆具体表现为个人所得税、外商投资企业和外国企业所得税,在香港特别行政区具体表现为利得税、薪俸税、个人入息课税。
利得税是按照每一课税年度及标准税率向每一位在香港经营任何行业、专业或商业的人士就他们在有关课税年度内所赚取或获得的应评税溢利(出售资本资产而获得的溢利除外)征收的一个税种;薪俸税是按照个别人士在香港从事任何有收益的职业和长俸(退休金)而赚取/获得的入息征收的一种税项。
个人入息课税中的入息相当于一切经营收入和利息、租金收入等的总称,其内容与内地实行的个人所得税税法中的经营盈利及个人收入的意义基本相同。
个人入息课税并不是一个税种或税项,而只是一种个人所得的课税的计算方法。
在“一国两制”的原则下,香港回归后享有高度自治以及行政、法律上独立的管辖权,包括最终裁决权。
从税收的角度,香港特别行政区拥有独立的税收体系,所以香港和内地之间的税收关系仍被视为国际税收关系。
《内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排》
国家税务总局关于《内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排》有关条文解释和执行问题的通知国税函[2007]403号颁布时间:2007-4-4发文单位:国家税务总局各省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市国家税务局、地方税务局:2006年8月21日内地与香港特别行政区正式签署了《内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排》(以下简称《安排》)。
《安排》于2007年1月1日起在内地执行。
为做好《安排》的执行工作,现就《安排》有关条文解释等问题明确如下:一、关于《安排》与税收法规的关系《安排》是协调划分两地税收管辖权并对两地纳税人共同适用的法律规范。
在税收法规与《安排》规定不一致时,应以《安排》为准。
但当税收法规所规定的待遇优于《安排》时,可以按照税收法规处理。
二、关于《安排》的执行时间《安排》在内地于2007年1月1日起执行。
适用于纳税人2007年1月1日以后取得的所得。
在对居民企业或个人执行《安排》规定按停留时间判定纳税义务时自2007年1月1日起开始计算。
三、关于第四条居民(一)居民的定义及判定本条款对居民的定义分别按各自法律做出规定。
是否为本地居民由双方自行判定。
(二)第四条第一款(二)项,在香港特别行政区,居民是指:1. 通常居于香港特别行政区的个人,即在香港拥有其本人及家人生活、居住的永久性住所的个人;2. 在某课税年度内在香港特别行政区逗留超过180天或在连续两个课税年度(其中一个是有关的课税年度)内在香港特别行政区逗留超过300天的个人,即临时在香港工作、居住的个人;3. 香港法人居民,是指在香港成立的法团公司(包括具有法团地位的公司,下同);或在香港以外成立的,但通常实际管理或控制中心在香港的法团公司,即公司整体日常业务营运的管理或施行管理层决策,或由董事会制定管理决策等在香港进行(例如外国银行设在香港的分行如并不承担该外国银行整体营运的管理和决策,不应属于享受“安排”待遇的香港居民)。
内地和香港税收协定中利息和股息收入所得税的规定
内地和香港税收协定中利息和股息收入所得税的规定文件排版存档编号:[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]内地和香港税收协定中关于利息和股息收入所得税的规定非居民企业在中国境内未设立机构、场所的,或者虽设立机构、场所,但是所得与其机构、场所没有实际联系的,就其来源于中国境内所得,应先预提所得税。
根据《企业所得税法实施条例》,对于非居民企业的上述所得,减按10%预提所得税。
非居民企业如为香港居民,根据内地与香港的税收协定,其从内地取得的利息收入,按7%税率在内地交纳所得税。
扣缴义务人为利息支付方。
非居民企业如为香港居民,根据内地与香港的税收协定,其从内地取得的股息收入,(1)如果该非居民企业是直接拥有支付股息公司至少25%股份的,预提税率为股息总额的5%;(2)在其它情况下,预提税率为股息总额的10%.香港居民从内地取得的各项所得,按照本安排规定在内地缴纳的税额,允许在对该居民征收的香港特别行政区税收中抵免。
但是,抵免额不应超过对该项所得按照香港特别行政区税法和规章计算的香港特别行政区税收数额。
香港居民公司直接或间接控制内地公司所持股份不少于百分之十的,香港居民公司可获得的抵免额,应包括该内地公司就产生有关股息的利润(但不得超过相应于产生有关股息的适当部份)而需要缴纳的税款。
《内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排》()第十条股息一、一方居民公司支付给另一方居民的股息,可以在该另一方征税。
二、然而,这些股息也可以在支付股息的公司是其居民的一方,按照该一方法律征税。
但是,如果股息受益所有人是另一方的居民,则所征税款不应超过:(一)如果受益所有人是直接拥有支付股息公司至少25%股份的,为股息总额的5%;(二)在其它情况下,为股息总额的10%.双方主管当局应协商确定实施限制税率的方式。
本款不应影响对该公司就支付股息的利润所征收的公司利润税。
三、本条“股息”一语是指从股份或者非债权关系分享利润的权利取得的所得,以及按照分配利润的公司是其居民的一方的法律,视同股份所得同样征税的其它公司权利取得的所得。
我国对外签订避免双重征税协议一览表
我国对外签订避免双重征税协定一览表发布日期:2011年03月28日序号Serial No.地区Region签署日期Signed on生效日期Effective from执行日期Applicable since1香港特别行政区HKSAR2006.8.212006.12.8内地 (Mainland):2007.1.1香港 (HKSAR):2007.4.12澳门特别行政区MCSAR2003.12.272003.12.302004.1.1注:(1)截止2011年5月底,我国已对外正式签署96个避免双重征税协定,其中93个协定已生效,和香港、澳门两个特别行政区签署了税收安排。
(2)加*号者表示中国政府与该国政府重新签订的避免对所得双重征税和防止偷漏税协定尚未生效。
(3)①中国政府于1985年6月10日、1987年6月8日先后与德意志联邦共和国、德意志民主共和国政府签订避免对所得和财产双重征税协定、避免对所得双重征税和防止偷漏税协定。
1990年10月3日,德意志联邦共和国与德意志民主共和国统一为德意志联邦共和国,中国政府1985年6月10日与德意志联邦共和国政府签订的避免对所得和财产双重征税协定继续适用于统一以后的德意志联邦共和国。
②中国政府于1987年6月11日与捷克和斯洛伐克社会主义共和国政府签订避免对所得双重征税和防止偷漏税协定。
1990年,捷克和斯洛伐克社会主义共和国先后改国名为捷克斯洛伐克联邦共和国、捷克和斯洛伐克联邦共和国,上述协定继续适用。
1993年1月1日,捷克和斯洛伐克联邦共和国分解为捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国,上述协定继续适用于斯洛伐克共和国。
2009年8月28日,中国政府与捷克共和国政府签订避免对所得双重征税和防止偷漏税协定,该协定适用于捷克共和国。
③中国政府于1988年12月2日与南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国议会联邦执行委员会(前南斯拉夫政府)签订避免对所得和财产双重征税协定,后前南斯拉夫解体,据外交部告,该协定由解体后的各国继承,中国政府陆续与解体后的各国政府签订避免对所得和财产双重征税协定,仅有波黑政府未单独签订,上述协定继续适用于波黑。
中国税收制度的法律级次
中国税收制度的法律级次目前,中国有权制定税收法律法规和政策的国家机关主要有全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会、国务院、财政部、国家税务总局、海关总署、国务院关税税则委员会等。
一、全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的法律和有关规范性文件《中华人民共和国宪法》规定,全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权。
《中华人民共和国立法法》第八条规定,税收基本制度,只能由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定法律。
税收法律在中华人民共和国主权范围内普遍适用,具有仅次于宪法的法律效力。
目前,由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的税收实体法律有:《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》(以下简称《个人所得税法》),《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》(以下简称《企业所得税法》),《中华人民共和国车船税法》(以下简称《车船税法》);税收程序法律有:《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》(以下简称《税收征管法》)。
全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会作出的规范性决议、决定以及全国人民代表大会常务委员会的法律解释,同其制定的法律具有同等法律效力。
比如,1993年12月全国人民代表大会常务委员会审议通过的《关于外商投资企业和外国企业适用增值税、消费税、营业税等税收暂行条例的决定》。
二、国务院制定的行政法规和有关规范性文件我国现行税法绝大部分都是国务院制定的行政法规和规范性文件。
归纳起来,有以下几种类型:一是税收的基本制度。
根据《中华人民共和国立法法》第九条规定,税收基本制度尚未制定法律的,全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会有权授权国务院制定行政法规。
比如,现行增值税、消费税、营业税、车辆购置税、土地增值税、房产税、城镇土地使用税、耕地占用税、契税、资源税、船舶吨税、印花税、城市维护建设税、烟叶税、关税等诸多税种,都是国务院制定的税收条例。
二是法律实施条例或实施细则。
全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的《个人所得税法》、《企业所得税法》、《车船税法》、《税收征管法》,由国务院制定相应的实施条例或实施细则。
财政部、国家税务总局、证监会关于沪港股票市场交易互联互通机制试点 有关税收政策的通知
财政部、国家税务总局、证监会关于沪港股票市场交易互联互通机制试点有关税收政策的通知文章属性•【制定机关】国家税务总局,中国证券监督管理委员会,财政部•【公布日期】2014.10.31•【文号】财税〔2014〕81号•【施行日期】2014.11.17•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】证券,税收征管,财政正文财政部、国家税务总局、证监会关于沪港股票市场交易互联互通机制试点有关税收政策的通知财税〔2014〕81号各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)、国家税务局、地方税务局,新疆生产建设兵团财务局,上海、深圳证券交易所,中国证券登记结算公司:经国务院批准,现就沪港股票市场交易互联互通机制试点涉及的有关税收政策问题明确如下:一、关于内地投资者通过沪港通投资香港联合交易所有限公司(以下简称香港联交所)上市股票的所得税问题(一)内地个人投资者通过沪港通投资香港联交所上市股票的转让差价所得税。
对内地个人投资者通过沪港通投资香港联交所上市股票取得的转让差价所得,自2014年11月17日起至2017年11月16日止,暂免征收个人所得税。
(二)内地企业投资者通过沪港通投资香港联交所上市股票的转让差价所得税。
对内地企业投资者通过沪港通投资香港联交所上市股票取得的转让差价所得,计入其收入总额,依法征收企业所得税。
(三)内地个人投资者通过沪港通投资香港联交所上市股票的股息红利所得税。
对内地个人投资者通过沪港通投资香港联交所上市H股取得的股息红利,H股公司应向中国证券登记结算有限责任公司(以下简称中国结算)提出申请,由中国结算向H股公司提供内地个人投资者名册,H股公司按照20%的税率代扣个人所得税。
内地个人投资者通过沪港通投资香港联交所上市的非H股取得的股息红利,由中国结算按照20%的税率代扣个人所得税。
个人投资者在国外已缴纳的预提税,可持有效扣税凭证到中国结算的主管税务机关申请税收抵免。
1.税收协定国家列表
我国签订的多边税收条约我国签订的避免双重征税协定一览表我国签署的税收情报交换协定一览表序号Serial No. 国家或地区Jurisdiction签署日期Signed on生效日期Effectivefrom执行日期Applicablesince1巴哈马Bahamas2009-12-012010-08-282010-08-282 英属维尔京the BritishVirginIslands2009-12-072010-12-302010-12-303马恩岛the Isle ofMan2010-10-262011-08-142011-08-144根西Guernsey2010-10-272011-08-172012-01-015泽西Jersey2010-10-292011-11-102011-11-106百慕大Bermuda2010-12-022011-12-312011-12-317阿根廷Argentina2010-12-132011-09-162011-09-168开曼Cayman2011-09-262012-11-152012-11-159圣马力诺San Marino2012-07-092013-04-302013-04-3010列支敦士登Liechtenstein2014-01-272014-08-022015-01-01国际运输收入税收处理情况一览表(空运)项目国家(或地区)依据1. 互征企业所得税税款不超过总收入的1.5%:菲律宾避免双重征税协定(或安排)2. 互免企业所得税除项目1所列国家外其他所有与我有税收协定的国家(地区)避免双重征税协定(或安排)津巴布韦、土库曼斯坦、叙利亚、秘鲁、马达加斯加、黎巴嫩、阿富汗、扎伊尔、文莱航空协定税收条款3. 互免个人所得税 津巴布韦、越南、蒙古、老挝、科威特、孟加拉国、阿曼、文莱、乌克兰、哈萨克斯坦、马尔代夫、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、前苏联、黎巴嫩、吉尔吉斯、白俄罗斯 韩国法国、英国、巴林航空协定税收条款 税收协定议定书双边专项国际运输互免税协议4. 互免间接税 日本、丹麦、新加坡、阿联酋、韩国、印度、毛里求斯、斯洛文尼亚、以色列、乌克兰、牙买加、马来西亚(2000年议定书)、香港、澳门避免双重征税协定(或安排)津巴布韦、越南、乌兹别克斯坦、美国、乌克兰、土库曼斯坦、叙利亚、罗马尼亚、秘鲁、阿曼、新西兰、马达加斯加、黎巴嫩、吉尔吉斯、科威特、哈萨克斯坦、以色列、加拿大、文莱、比利时、白俄罗斯航空协定税收条款美国、法国、泰国、土耳其、卢森堡、荷兰、芬兰、新加坡、斯里兰卡、巴林互免国际运输收入税收协议或换函国际运输收入税收处理情况一览表(海运)1. 互征企业所得税减半征收:泰国、马来西亚、孟加拉、印尼、斯里兰卡税款不超过总收入的1.5%:菲律宾避免双重征税协定(或安排)2. 互免企业所得税除项目1所列国家外其他所有与我有税收协定(或安排)的国家(或地区)避免双重征税协定(或安排)智利、朝鲜、黎巴嫩阿根廷海运协定税收条款互免国际运输收入税收协议或换函3. 互免个人所得税前南斯拉夫、克罗地亚、希腊、黎巴嫩韩国海运协定税收条款税收协定议定书4. 互免间接税日本、丹麦、新加坡(第8条及议定书)、阿联酋、韩国(第8条及议定书)、印度(第8条及议定书)、毛里求斯、斯洛文尼亚、以色列、乌克兰、牙买加、马来西亚(2000年议定书)、香港避免双重征税协定(或安排)日本、比利时、德国、挪威、丹麦、芬海运协定税兰、瑞典、荷兰、保加利亚、巴基斯坦、塞浦路斯、罗马尼亚、巴西、马耳他、克罗地亚、越南、乌克兰、希腊、古巴、格鲁吉亚、阿尔及利亚、智利、朝鲜、意大利、加拿大收条款美国、前南斯拉夫(互免海运收入税收协定)、俄罗斯(海运合作协定)、老挝(河运协定)、波兰、斯里兰卡、阿根廷、智利、意大利互免国际运输收入税收协议或换函。
国家税务总局公告2018年第11号——国家税务总局关于税收协定执行若干问题的公告
国家税务总局公告2018年第11号——国家税务总局关于税收协定执行若干问题的公告文章属性•【制定机关】国家税务总局•【公布日期】2018.02.09•【文号】国家税务总局公告2018年第11号•【施行日期】2018.04.01•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】税收协定正文国家税务总局公告2018年第11号国家税务总局关于税收协定执行若干问题的公告为统一和规范我国政府对外签署的避免双重征税协定(简称“税收协定”)的执行,现对税收协定中常设机构、海运和空运、演艺人员和运动员条款,以及合伙企业适用税收协定等有关事项公告如下:一、不具有法人资格的中外合作办学机构,以及中外合作办学项目中开展教育教学活动的场所构成税收协定缔约对方居民在中国的常设机构。
常设机构条款中关于劳务活动构成常设机构的表述为“在任何十二个月中连续或累计超过六个月”的,按照“在任何十二个月中连续或累计超过183天”的表述执行。
二、海运和空运条款与《中华人民共和国政府和新加坡共和国政府关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定》及议定书(以下简称“中新税收协定”)第八条(海运和空运)规定内容一致的,按照以下原则执行:(一)缔约国一方企业以船舶或飞机从事国际运输业务从缔约国另一方取得的收入,在缔约国另一方免予征税。
从事国际运输业务取得的收入,是指企业以船舶或飞机经营客运或货运取得的收入,以及以程租、期租形式出租船舶或以湿租形式出租飞机(包括所有设备、人员及供应)取得的租赁收入。
(二)上述第(一)项的免税规定也适用于参加合伙经营、联合经营或参加国际经营机构取得的收入。
对于多家公司联合经营国际运输业务的税务处理,应由各参股或合作企业就其分得利润分别在其所属居民国纳税。
(三)中新税收协定第八条第三款中“缔约国一方企业从附属于以船舶或飞机经营国际运输业务有关的存款中取得的利息收入”,是指缔约国双方从事国际运输业务的海运或空运企业,从对方取得的运输收入存于对方产生的利息。
国家税务总局公告2018年第9号——国家税务总局关于税收协定中“受益所有人”有关问题的公告
国家税务总局公告2018年第9号——国家税务总局关于税收协定中“受益所有人”有关问题的公告文章属性•【制定机关】国家税务总局•【公布日期】2018.02.03•【文号】国家税务总局公告2018年第9号•【施行日期】2018.04.01•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】税收征管正文国家税务总局公告2018年第9号国家税务总局关于税收协定中“受益所有人”有关问题的公告为执行中华人民共和国政府对外签署的避免双重征税协定(简称“税收协定”),现就税收协定股息、利息、特许权使用费条款中“受益所有人”身份判定有关问题公告如下:一、“受益所有人”是指对所得或所得据以产生的权利或财产具有所有权和支配权的人。
二、判定需要享受税收协定待遇的缔约对方居民(以下简称“申请人”)“受益所有人”身份时,应根据本条所列因素,结合具体案例的实际情况进行综合分析。
一般来说,下列因素不利于对申请人“受益所有人”身份的判定:(一)申请人有义务在收到所得的12个月内将所得的50%以上支付给第三国(地区)居民,“有义务”包括约定义务和虽未约定义务但已形成支付事实的情形。
(二)申请人从事的经营活动不构成实质性经营活动。
实质性经营活动包括具有实质性的制造、经销、管理等活动。
申请人从事的经营活动是否具有实质性,应根据其实际履行的功能及承担的风险进行判定。
申请人从事的具有实质性的投资控股管理活动,可以构成实质性经营活动;申请人从事不构成实质性经营活动的投资控股管理活动,同时从事其他经营活动的,如果其他经营活动不够显著,不构成实质性经营活动。
(三)缔约对方国家(地区)对有关所得不征税或免税,或征税但实际税率极低。
(四)在利息据以产生和支付的贷款合同之外,存在债权人与第三人之间在数额、利率和签订时间等方面相近的其他贷款或存款合同。
(五)在特许权使用费据以产生和支付的版权、专利、技术等使用权转让合同之外,存在申请人与第三人之间在有关版权、专利、技术等的使用权或所有权方面的转让合同。
中国与香港税收协定
中国与香港税收协定内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排内地和香港特别行政区,为避免对所得的双重征税和防止偷漏税,达成协议如下:第一条人的范围本安排适用于一方或者同时为双方居民的人。
2第二条税种范围一、本安排适用于由一方或其地方当局对所得征收的所有税收,不论其征收方式如何。
二、对全部所得或某项所得征收的税收,包括对来自转让动产或不动产的收益征收的税收以及对资本增值征收的税收,应视为对所得征收的税收。
三、本安排适用的现行税种是:(一)在内地:1.个人所得税;2.外商投资企业和外国企业所得税。
(二)在香港:1.利得税;2.薪俸税;3.物业税,不论是否按个人入息课税征收。
四、本安排也适用于本安排签订之日后征收的属于增加或者代替现行税种的相同或者实质相似的税收,以及适用于将来征收而又属于本条第一款或第二款所指的任何其它税收。
双方主管当局应将各自税法所作出的实质变动,在其变动后的适当时间内通知对方。
五、现有税收连同本安排签订后征收的税收,以下分别称为“内地税收”或“香港特别行政区税收”。
3第三条一般定义一、在本安排中,除上下文另有解释的以外:(一)“一方”和“另一方”的用语,按照上下文,是指内地或者香港特别行政区;(二)“税收”一语按照上下文,是指内地税收或者香港特别行政区税收;(三)“人”一语包括个人、公司、信托、合伙和其它团体;(四)“公司”一语是指法人团体或者在税收上视同法人团体的实体;(五)“企业”一语适用于所有形式的经营活动;(六)“一方企业”和“另一方企业”的用语,分别指一方居民经营的企业和另一方居民经营的企业;(七)“海运、空运和陆运”一语是指一方企业以船舶、飞机或陆运车辆经营的运输,不包括仅在另一方各地之间以船舶、飞机或陆运车辆经营的运输;(八)“主管当局”一语,在内地是指国家税务总局或其授权的代表;在香港特别行政区是指税务局局长或其获授权的代表,或任何获授权执行现时可由税务局局长执行的职能或类似职能的人士或机构;(九)“经营”一语包括专业性劳务活动和其它独立性活动。
大陆与香港税收协定
大陆与香港税收协定(英文版)发布人:于科查看此用户所有文章发布日期:09年08月11日阅读次数:1052新闻内容:Arrangement between theMainland of China and the HKSARfor the Avoidance of Double Taxationand the Prevention of Fiscal EvasionINCOME FROMPERSONAL SERVICESInland Revenue DepartmentHong Kong Special Administrative Region of thePeople’s Republic of China1IntroductionThis pamphlet is applicable to the “Arrangement between the Mainland of China and theHong Kong Special Administrative Region forthe Avoidance of Double Taxation and thePrevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect toTaxes on Income” (“the ComprehensiveArrangement”) signed on 21 August 2006 and provides a brief explanation of how theComprehensive Arrangement applies to the taxation of income from personal services.In Hong Kong, the Comprehensive Arrangementapplies to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after 1 April 20 07; and in the Mainland, in any yearcommencing on or after 1 January 2007. The Comprehensive Arrangement performs the f unction of allocating taxing rights over income between Hong Kong and the Mainland. B oth Sides will still refer to their respective domestic taxation legislation to decide whether and how to exercise suchrights.Additional Pamphlets• Certification of Resident Status Provides information on the definition of Ho ng Kong and Mainland residents under the Comprehensive Arrangement and how to ver ify their resident status.• Business Profits, Income from Immovable Pr operty, Income from Investment andGains from Alienation of Property Provides information on how the Comprehensive Arrangement applies to the taxation of business profits, income from im movable property, income from investment (dividends, interest and royaltie s) and gains from alienation of property.INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENTMainland residents coming to work in Hong Kong1. Remuneration derived by a resident of theMainland from an employment exercisedin Hong Kong is chargeable to Salaries Tax i n Hong Kong. However, the Mainland resident will be exempt from Salaries Tax if all the following three conditions aresatisfied:2(a) he is present in Hong Kong for a periodor periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any 12-month period co mmencing or ending in the yearof assessment concerned (please refer to par agraphs 15 to 18 below for detailsof the “Present for not exceeding 183 days”exemption condition);(b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a residentof Hong Kong; and(c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment which theemployer has in Hong Kong.2. Where a Mainland resident renders employment services in Hong Kong but does not meet any of the conditions mentioned in para graphs 1(a) to 1(c) above (e.g. his remuneration is paid by a Hong Kong employe r), he will still be exempt under Hong Kong taxation law from Salaries Tax if his visit to Hong Kong in the year of assessment concerned does not exceed a totalof 60 days.Hong Kong residents working across the Mainland borderTax liabilities in Hong Kong3. The income derived by a resident of HongKong from his Hong Kong employmentwill be wholly chargeable to Hong Kong Salar ies Tax irrespective of whether it has been paid by the Hong Kong employer or a Mai nland establishment, even thoughpart of his duties are performed in the Main land. However, if the Hong Kong resident has paid Individual Income Tax in r espect of the income attributable to services rendered by him in the Mainland, he may apply for tax exemption for that part of the income under section 8(1A)(c) of the Inland Revenue Ordinance (“the Ordinance”), or for a tax credit under the p rovisions of Article 21 of the Comprehensive Arrangement. Application may be made on his tax return for theyear of assessment concerned, and supported with evidence of the Mainland tax payment. In general, tax exemption provides greater tax relief than that provided by tax credit. A Hong Kong resident who has declared and paid Salaries Tax on his employment income, and who has subsequently paid Individual Income Tax on all or part of his employment income in the Mainland because he has rendered services there, can apply, under section 70A of the O rdinance, to have his assessment revised in accordance with the provisions of section8(1A)(c).34. The income derived by a Hong Kong resident from his non-Hong Kong employmentwill be assessed under Salaries Tax according to the number of days in Hong Kong irrespective of whether it has been paid by an overseas employer or a Mainland establishment, provided that his visit(s) to Hong Kong exceed 60 days and duringwhich he renders services.5. If a Hong Kong resident renders services in Hong Kong, but his trips to Hong Kong only constitute “visits” not exceeding a to tal of 60 days during the year of assessment,he is not chargeable to Salaries Tax in Hong Kong. Whether the nature of a trip made by a Hong Kong resident is a “visit” o r not depends on the circumstances of each case. In general, if a person has a work base in the Mainland and is required to render services there as a permanent employe e, the person’s occasional return to Hong Kong will be recognized as a “visit”.6. If a Hong Kong resident returns to Hong Kong for over 60 days in a year of assessment, e.g. 170 days, and renders servi ces whilst in Hong Kong, such as attending conferences and reporting work pro gress, he will be subject to Salaries Tax in Hong Kong according to paragraphs 3 or 4above.Tax liabilities in the Mainland7. Remuneration derived by a Hong Kong resident from an employment exercised inthe Mainland is chargeable to Individual Inc ome Tax in the Mainland. However,the Hong Kong resident will be exempt from M ainland tax if all the following threeconditions are satisfied:(a) he is present in the Mainland for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any 12-month period co mmencing or ending in thetaxable period concerned (please refer to pa ragraphs 15 to 18 below for detailsof the “Present for not exceeding 183 days”exemption condition);(b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a residentof the Mainland; and(c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment which theemployer has in the Mainland.48. If, under his employment, a Hong Kong resident renders services both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong, and his aggregate periods of stay in the Mainland do not exceed 183 days, income paid or borne by the Mainland establishment will be chargeable to Individual Income Tax. Tax wil l be calculated on the chargeable income and then apportioned on time basis. I ncome paid by an overseas employer (including Hong Kong employer) is not chargeable.9. If, under his employment, a Hong Kong resident renders services both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong, and his aggregate periods of stay in the Mainland exceed 183 days, the total income received f rom the Mainland establishment and the overseas employer (including Hong Kong emplo yer) will be chargeable to Individual Income Tax. Tax will be calculated on the to tal income and then apportioned ontime basis.Counting of days of stay for calculating taxliabilities10. For tax computation purposes, the aggreg ate periods of stay in a taxable year is theaggregate of the days in each period of stay where the number of days is counted under the rule of the “days of physical presence minus one day”.11. The Mainland and Hong Kong are geographically so close to each other that a taxpayer may travel between the Mainland and Hong Kong on a particular day and provide services in both Sides. As such, it is not appropriate to apply the rule of the “days of physical presence minus one day”.However, serious double taxation could occur if both Sides apply the rule of “days of physical presence”. To address such cases, the State Administration of Taxa tion and the Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department have reached consensus. If a taxp ayer travels between the Mainlandand Hong Kong on a particular day and provid es services in both Sides, he would be counted as present in the Mainland for halfa day and in Hong Kong for half a day. However, if he only provides services either in the Mainland or Hong Kong on thatday, he would be counted as having been pres ent for one day in the Mainland or Hong Kong, as the case may be.Examples12. The following examples illustrate the ta xing principles mentioned in paragraphs 3 to9 above.5Example 1Mr. Lee, a Hong Kong resident employed by a Hong Kong company, was assigned to be the manager of the enterprise invested by his em ployer in the Mainland. His monthly salary was $30,000, of which $10,000 was paid or bo rne by the Mainland enterprise. Apart from returning to Hong Kong on holidays, he was r equired to render services in Hong Kong. He stayed in the Mainland for an aggregate of 250 days.Hong Kong: As he had a Hong Kong employment and rendered services in Hong Kong,his salary, $30,000 a month, was fully assessable in Hong Kong.However, as he had to pay Mainland Individual Income Tax on theincome attributable to services rendered in the Mainland, he could applyfor exemption from Hong Kong Salaries Tax onthat part of the income orclaim a tax credit. Such an application would be made on his HongKong tax return, by completing the relevant section and submitting the evidence of payment of the Mainland tax. Mainland: As he was required to provide serv ices both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong under his employment and he stayed in t he Mainland for over 183days, his entire salary was chargeable to In dividual Income Tax, butsubject to adjustment to reflect the service s rendered outside the Mainland.In order to compute his Mainland tax liabili ty, he should first add up his salary payments in both Sides as his total t axable salary, calculate the tax thereon, and apportion the tax by time basis to arrive at the tax payable.Example 2Mr. Cheung, a Hong Kong resident employed bya Hong Kong company as Marketing Manager (China-Hong Kong Trade). He was requ ired to provide services both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong. His monthly salar y was $30,000, of which $10,000 was paid or borne by a Mainland entity. He stayed in the Mainland for an aggregate of 100 days.Hong Kong: Same as Example 1 Mainland: As he was required to provide serv ices both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong but stayed in the Mainland for not more than 183 days, only thatpart of his salary paid or borne by the Main land entity was chargeable to Individual Income Tax. Tax would be calculated on the chargeable6income and then apportioned on time basis. T hat part of the salary paidby the Hong Kong employer was not chargeableto Individual IncomeTax.Example 3Mr. Wong, a Hong Kong resident employed by a Hong Kong company, was responsible to manage the company in Hong Kong and the fact ory in the Mainland. Every day, he had to travel between the Mainland and Hong Kong and provide services in both Sides. His monthly salary was $30,000, of which $10,000 was paid or borne by the Mainland entity.Hong Kong: Same as Example 1 Mainland: As he was required to provide serv ices both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong and he stayed in the Mainland for over 183 days, both the Mainlandand Hong Kong salaries were chargeable to In dividual Income Tax. Heshould first add up his salary payments in b oth Sides as his total taxable income, calculate the tax thereon, and appor tion the tax by time basis toarrive at the tax payable (generally the Mai nland tax authority will adopt a “half-day rule” for any date where services are rendered both in theMainland and in Hong Kong).Hong Kong residents rendering services in the Mainland onlyTax liabilities in Hong Kong13. Irrespective of whether a Hong Kong resident is under a Hong Kong employment or a non-Hong Kong employment, if the duties are performed in the Mainland only (i.e. no services are rendered in Hong Kong), the income derived from the employmentwill be wholly exempt from Hong Kong Salarie s Tax (unless the individual is a civil servant, or a crew member of a ship or an aircraft).Tax liabilities in the Mainland14. If, under his employment (Hong Kong or non-Hong Kong), a Hong Kong resident renders services in the Mainland only (i.e. services are not rendered whilst in HongKong), all his income from that employment w ill be regarded as attributable to7services rendered in the Mainland. Such inco me is wholly chargeable to Mainland tax, irrespective of whether it is paid by a Mainland establishment or an overseas employer (including a Hong Kong employer) un less he satisfies all the three conditions mentioned in paragraph 7 above.(Please refer to paragraphs 22 and 23for the specific provisions for Hong Kong civil servants.)Example 4Mr. Chan, a Hong Kong resident employed by a Hong Kong company, was assigned to his employer’s Mainland factory to do quality co ntrol work. His monthly salary was $30,000. He did not render any services in Hong Kong.He only returned to Hong Kong to spend his leave and on Sundays and public holiday s. He stayed in the Mainland for an aggregateof 250 days.Hong Kong: As he did not provide any service in Hong Kong, all his income was exempt from Salaries Tax in Hong Kong. Mainland: As he was required to perform duti es in the Mainland only and stayed inthe Mainland for over 183 days, his salary of $30,000 a month waschargeable to Mainland tax in full. “Present for not exceeding 183 days” exemption condition15. Where an employment is exercised by a re sident of One Side in the Other Side, one of the conditions for tax exemption is satis fied only when he is present in the Other Side for a period or periods not exceeding i n the aggregate 183 days in any 12-month period commencing or ending in the taxable p eriod concerned. “Any 12-month period commencing or ending in the taxable p eriod concerned” denotes two concepts, namely, that the number of days of presence may straddle over 2 years, i.e. the days of presence can be calculated continuously o r in the aggregate irrespective of the year; and that a floating calculation method may be adopted. The 12-month period can commence or end on any day within the ta xable period concerned. The taxable period in the Mainland is the calendar year, whereas the taxable period (i.e. the year of assessment) in Hong Kong is the period fr om 1 April to 31 March of the next year.816. Take the year of assessment 2008/09 as an example, the time period that should be taken into account, based on the two concept s mentioned above, is between 2 April 2007 and 30 March 2010. If a Mainland reside nt is not present in Hong Kong for more than 183 days in any 12-month period in the time period identified above, he has met the “present for not exceeding 183 d ays” exemption condition for the year of assessment 2008/09. However, if the Mainland resident is present in Hong Kongfor more than 183 days in any 12-month period in the time period identified above, remuneration derived by him in respect of the employment exercised in Hong Kongis chargeable to Hong Kong Salaries Tax for the year of assessment 2008/09.17. In the year when the Comprehensive Arrangement became effective (the year 2007 for the Mainland and the year of assessment 2007/08 for Hong Kong), the Mainland adopts 1 January 2007 as the commencement da te for the purposes of ascertainingthe number of days a Hong Kong resident is p resent in the Mainland; whilst Hong Kong adopts 1 April 2007 as the commencement date for the purposes of ascertaining the number of days a Mainland r esident is present in Hong Kong. Inother words, in the first year of the applic ation of the Comprehensive Arrangement, the Mainland regards any 12-month period to be any 12-month period commencingin the period from 1 January 2007 to 31 Dece mber 2007; and Hong Kong regardsany 12-month period to be any 12-month period commencing in the period from 1April 2007 to 31 March 2008.18. The “days of physical presence” method is adopted in deciding whether a resident ispresent in the Other Side for a period or pe riods exceeding 183 days. Under this method, the day of arrival or departure and each day in the period during which he stays in the Other Side, however brief and f or whatever reasons, will be counted asone day respectively.DIRECTORS’ FEESTaxation of Directors’ Fees19. Directors’ fees and other similar paymen ts received by a Hong Kong resident or a Mainland resident in his capacity as a direc tor of a company is taxed in the Side of which the company is a resident, irrespectiv e of the period of his stay in either Side or the place where the services are actually rendered. Therefore, directors’ fees9derived by a Hong Kong resident in his capac ity as a director of a Mainland company will all be subject to the Individual Income Tax in the Mainland. Likewise, directors’ fees derived by a Mainland reside nt in his capacity as a director of a Hong Kong company will all be subject to Salaries Tax in Hong Kong. “Directors’ fees and other similar payments” include benefits in kind (such as share options, the use of a residence or car, health or life insura nce coverage and club memberships). “Directors’ fees and other similar payment s” do not include wages, salaries and other remunerations paid to a director on account of his other functions with the company (e.g. as an employee or consultant). Such wages, salaries and other remunerationswill be dealt with in accordance with the pr ovisions for income from employment or business profits, whichever is applicable.ARTISTES AND SPORTSPERSONSTaxation of Artistes and Sportspersons 20. Separate provisions apply to income deri ved by artistes and sportspersons. A Hong Kong resident artiste or sportsperson who pe rforms activities in the Mainland will be subject to Individual Income Tax on income derived from these activities. Similarly, income derived from the performance of activ ities in Hong Kong by an artiste or a sportsperson who is a Mainland resident will be chargeable to Profits Tax in Hong Kong. The income subject to tax may accrue t o the artiste or sportsperson, or to any other person, such as a company or an enterprise.PENSIONSTaxation of Pensions21. Pensions and other similar payments made under a public scheme which is part of the social security system implemented in the Ma inland shall be taxable only in the Mainland; whilst pensions and other similar payments made under a “recognized retirement scheme” in Hong Kong shall be tax able only in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, a “recognized retirement scheme” mean s a “recognized occupational retirement scheme” and a “mandatory provide nt fund scheme”. The term “pensions10and other similar remuneration” includes ann uities paid in respect of past employment, lump sum payments in lieu of pen sions received at the time of or after leaving services, sums received by way of commutation of pensions and pensions received by widows and orphans. However, thi s provision does not apply to a lump sum payment made upon cessation of an employ ment or termination of a contract. Such a payment falls within the meaning of i ncome from employment and therefore will be taxed in accordance with the provisi ons applicable to income fromemployment.GOVERNMENT SERVICETaxation of remuneration in respect of Government Service22. Remuneration and pensions paid by the Government of One Side to an individual (other than an individual who is a resident of the Other Side and renders services in that Other Side) in respect of services rend ered to that Government, in the discharge of government functions shall be taxable only in that Side.23. For example, the income of a Hong Kong resident employed by the Hong Kong Government to work in its office in Beijing shall be taxable only in Hong Kong. On the other hand, the income of a Mainland resident employed by the Hong Kong Government to work in the Beijing office sha ll be taxable only in the Mainland.The income of a Mainland resident employed b y the Central People’s Government to work in the Hong Kong office shall be taxable only in the Mainland. If a Hong Kong resident is employed by the Central Peo ple’s Government to work in the Hong Kong office, his income shall be taxable only in Hong Kong.STUDENTSTaxation of Students24. The Comprehensive Arrangement gives limited tax exemption to students so as to assist and nurture talents as well as to take care of students’ living expenses. Payments (including tuition fees, student gr ants and scholarships) received by a11Mainland student who comes to Hong Kong for the purpose of his education shallnot be taxed in Hong Kong, provided that such payments arise from sources outside Hong Kong. Likewise, payments (including tui tion fees, student grants and scholarships) received by a Hong Kong studen t who stays in the Mainland for the purpose of his education shall not be taxed in the Mainland, provided that such payments arise from sources outside Mainland.Additional Information AvailableFor more detailed information, please refer to Departmental Interpretation & PracticeNote No. 44, which is available at the website of the Department: “.hk”.For further enquiries, please call the Department on 2594 2800.PAM 72(e)(The content of this pamphlet is for guidance only) June 2007中国内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税的安排时间: 2009年03月12日来源:不详作者: 佚名浏览次数:中华人民共和国香港特别行政区税务局税务条例释义及执行指引中国内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税的安排本指引载有一般性的参考资料,以解释中国内地与香港特别行政区所达成有关对所得避免双重征税的安排。
国税函[2007]403号:如何避免内地或香港居民所得双重征税
2006年8月21日,《内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排》(以下简称“新《安排》”)在香港签署,并于2007年1月1日和4月1日起分别在内地和香港执行。
这是对1998年两地签订的税收安排进行全面修订的新税收安排。
与1998年的《安排》相比,新《安排》在内容上增加了股息、利息、特许权使用费三项投资所得条款,并且给予香港投资者优于其他协定的待遇,不仅妥善合理地解决了两地居民投资活动中存在的税收问题,而且有助于提高香港投资者的竞争力;在机构场所、个人劳务活动和运输活动等方面制订了优于内地税法的规定,有利于促进内地和香港经贸活动的深入开展。
同时,新《安排》增加了联属企业、信息交换等内容,有利于推动两地税务当局间的交流与合作,促进税收管理;通过完善相互协商程序和增加间接抵免等规定,新《安排》尽可能降低了双重征税的可能性,并且为纳税人提供了便捷有效的法律救济途径,更好地保护了香港投资者的合法权益。
此外,新《安排》在保证对所得避免双重征税的同时,也将起到防止偷漏税的积极作用。
为了便于新《安排》的理解和执行,国家税务总局以《国家税务总局关于〈内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排>有关条文解释和执行问题的通知》(国税函[2007]403号,以下简称“403号文”)对新《安排》中有关居民身份、常设机构、受雇所得和信息交换等问题进行了解释,对新《安排》的执行口径进行了统一。
一、执行新《安排》应掌握的基本原则403号文首先强调了执行新《安排》的两个原则,即,安排的优先执行原则和孰优原则。
这也是执行我国与其他国家(地区)签订的税收协定(安排)时必须遵循的基本原则。
所谓优先执行原则,就是要求在新《安排》与国内法发生冲突时,优先执行新《安排》。
所谓孰优原则,就是新《安排》与国内法哪一个给予纳税人的税收待遇更加优惠,就执行哪一个。
例如,新企业所得税法实施后,对非居民消极所得进行源泉扣缴的优惠税率是10%,比我国与有些国家(地区)签订的税收协定(安排)规定的税率还要优惠。
税收协定相关一览表
部分国家税收居民身份的判定标准
国别 自然人居民身份的判定标准
法人居民身份的判定标准
(1)在澳大利亚有长期住
(1)在澳大利亚注册;
澳大利 所;
(2)在澳大利亚经营;
亚 (2)在纳税年度内连续或累 (3)中心管理和控制机构在澳大利亚;
计在澳大利亚停留半年以上。 (4)投票权被澳大利亚居民股东控制。
15% 巴西
其他为10%或免税
5
税收协定对特许权使用费征税一览表
税率 低于或高于10%
与下列国家(地区)协定 5% 古巴、格鲁吉亚、赞比亚 7% 香港、澳门、罗马尼亚 8% 埃及、塔吉克斯坦 12.5% 巴基斯坦 15% 泰国 巴西:25%(商标),其他15% 菲律宾:15%(文学、艺术或科学著作)、10%其他 突尼斯:5%(技术或经济研究)10%其他
建筑工地、建筑、装 6个月 配或安装工程,仅以 连续 月以上的为 限
法国、英国、爱尔兰、格鲁吉亚、阿尔及利 亚、埃塞俄比亚
劳务型常设机构判定标准一览表
缔约国一方企业通过雇员或者 6个月 日本、美国、法国、比利时、德
其他人员,在缔约国另一方为
国、新加坡、丹麦、芬兰、加拿
同一项目提供或关联项目提供
大、意大利、新西兰、瑞士、巴
乌克兰
24个月 阿联酋
4
税率 5% 7% 7.5% 8%
10%
税收协定对股息征税一览表
与下列国家(地区)协定 科威特、蒙古、毛里求斯、斯洛文尼亚、牙买加、南斯拉夫、 苏丹、老挝、南非、克罗地亚、马其顿、塞舌尔、巴巴多斯、 阿曼、巴林、沙特、墨西哥、 文莱、赞比亚、埃塞俄比亚 阿联酋 尼日利亚 埃及、突尼斯 日本、美国、法国、英国、比利时、德国、马来西亚、丹麦、 芬兰、瑞典、意大利、荷兰、捷克、波兰、保加利亚、巴基 斯坦、瑞士、塞浦路斯、西班牙、罗马尼亚、奥地利、匈牙 利、马耳他、俄罗斯、印度、白俄罗斯、以色列、越南、土 耳其、乌兹别克斯坦、葡萄牙、孟加拉、哈萨克斯坦、印尼、 伊朗、吉尔吉斯、斯里兰卡、阿尔巴尼亚、阿塞拜疆、摩洛 哥、香港、澳门等
税总解读税收协定中“受益所有人”的有关新规
税总解读税收协定中“受益所有人”的有关新规作者:吴魏来源:《财会信报》2018年第09期扩大“受益所有人”身份条件根据601号文件和30号公告规定,如果申请人不符合“受益所有人”条件,也不符合安全港的条件,其从中国取得的所得就不能享受税收协定待遇。
9号公告第三条规定,申请人取得的所得为股息时,申请人虽不符合“受益所有人”条件,但符合本条规定的,应认为申请人具有“受益所有人”身份。
9号公告第三条第一款规定了两种情形,在其第(一)项规定的情形下,也即当符合“受益所有人”条件的人为申请人所属居民国(地区)居民时,对间接持有股份情形下的中间层无要求;在其第(二)项规定的情形下,也即当符合“受益所有人”条件的人不为申请人所属居民国(地区)居民时,该人和间接持有股份情形下的中间层应为符合条件的人。
与公告第四条规定的安全港规则不同的是,此条规定的情形不能直接判定申请人为“受益所有人”,应根据公告第二条所列因素对直接或间接持有申请人100%股份的人是否具有“受益所有人”身份进行综合分析。
对于符合此条规定的情形,为便于理解,举例如下:示例4投资架构,为本条第一款第(一)项规定的情形,香港居民E投资内地居民并取得股息,香港居民F直接持有香港居民E100%的股份,虽然香港居民E不符合“受益所有人”条件,但是,如果香港居民F符合“受益所有人”条件,应认为香港居民E具有“受益所有人”身份。
示例5投资架构,为本条第一款第(一)项规定的情形,香港居民E投资内地居民并取得股息,香港居民F通过在BVI注册成立的公司(不论该公司是否为香港居民)间接持有香港居民E100%的股份,虽然香港居民E不符合“受益所有人”条件,但是,如果香港居民F符合“受益所有人”条件,应认为香港居民E具有“受益所有人”身份。
示例6投资架构,为本条第一款第(二)项规定的情形,香港居民G投资内地居民并取得股息,新加坡居民I通过新加坡居民H间接持有香港居民G100%的股份,虽然香港居民G不符合“受益所有人”条件,但是,如果新加坡居民I符合“受益所有人”条件,并且新加坡居民I 和新加坡居民H从中国取得的所得为股息时,根据中国与新加坡签署的税收协定可享受的税收协定待遇均和香港居民G可享受的税收协定待遇相同,应认为香港居民G具有“受益所有人”身份,香港居民G可根据内地与香港签署的税收安排享受税收协定待遇。
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内地和香港特别行政区关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的安排内地和香港特别行政区,为避免对所得的双重征税和防止偷漏税,达成协议如下:第一条人的范围本安排适用于一方或者同时为双方居民的人。
第二条税种范围一、本安排适用于由一方或其地方当局对所得征收的所有税收,不论其征收方式如何。
二、对全部所得或某项所得征收的税收,包括对来自转让动产或不动产的收益征收的税收以及对资本增值征收的税收,应视为对所得征收的税收。
三、本安排适用的现行税种是:(一)在内地:1.个人所得税;2.外商投资企业和外国企业所得税。
(二)在香港:1.利得税;2.薪俸税;3.物业税。
不论是否按个人入息课税征收。
四、本安排也适用于本安排签订之日后征收的属于增加或者代替现行税种的相同或者实质相似的税收,以及适用于将来征收而又属于本条第一款或第二款所指的任何其它税收。
双方主管当局应将各自税法所作出的实质变动,在其变动后的适当时间内通知对方。
五、现有税收连同本安排签订后征收的税收,以下分别称为“内地税收”或“香港特别行政区税收”。
第三条一般定义一、在本安排中,除上下文另有解释的以外:(一)“一方”和“另一方”的用语,按照上下文,是指内地或者香港特别行政区;(二)“税收”一语按照上下文,是指内地税收或者香港特别行政区税收;(三)“人”一语包括个人、公司、信托、合伙和其它团体;(四)“公司”一语是指法人团体或者在税收上视同法人团体的实体;(五)“企业”一语适用于所有形式的经营活动;(六)“一方企业”和“另一方企业”的用语,分别指一方居民经营的企业和另一方居民经营的企业;(七)“海运、空运和陆运”一语是指一方企业以船舶、飞机或陆运车辆经营的运输,不包括仅在另一方各地之间以船舶、飞机或陆运车辆经营的运输;(八)“主管当局”一语,在内地是指国家税务总局或其授权的代表;在香港特别行政区是指税务局局长或其获授权的代表,或任何获授权执行现时可由税务局局长执行的职能或类似职能的人士或机构;(九)“经营”一语包括专业性劳务活动和其它独立性活动。
二、在本安排中,“内地税收”或“香港特别行政区税收”不包括根据任何一方关于本安排凭借第二条而适用的税收的法律所征收的任何罚款或利息。
三、一方在实施本安排时,对于未经本安排明确定义的用语,除上下文另有解释的以外,应当具有当时该一方适用于本安排的税种的法律所规定的含义,税法对有关术语的定义优先于其它法律对同一术语的定义。
第四条居民一、在本安排中,“一方居民”一语,有以下定义:(一)在内地,是指按照内地法律,由于住所、居所、总机构所在地、实际管理机构所在地,或者其它类似的标准,在内地负有纳税义务的人。
但是,该用语不包括仅由于来源于内地的所得,在内地负有纳税义务的人;(二)在香港特别行政区,指:1.通常居于香港特别行政区的个人;2.在某课税年度内在香港特别行政区逗留超过180天或在连续两个课税年度(其中一个是有关的课税年度)内在香港特别行政区逗留超过300天的个人;3.在香港特别行政区成立为法团的公司,或在香港特别行政区以外地区成立为法团而通常是在香港特别行政区进行管理或控制的公司;4.根据香港特别行政区的法律组成的其它人,或在香港特别行政区以外组成而通常是在香港特别行政区进行管理或控制的其它人。
二、由于第一款的规定,同时为双方居民的个人,其身份应按以下规则确定:(一)应认为是其有永久性住所所在一方的居民;如果在双方同时有永久性住所,应认为是与其个人和经济关系更密切(重要利益中心)所在一方的居民;(二)如果其重要利益中心所在一方无法确定,或者在任何一方都没有永久性住所,应认为是其有习惯性居处所在一方的居民;(三)如果其在双方都有,或者都没有习惯性居处,双方主管当局应通过协商解决。
三、由于第一款的规定,除个人以外,同时为双方居民的人,应认为是其实际管理机构所在一方的居民。
第五条常设机构一、在本安排中,“常设机构”一语是指企业进行全部或部分营业的固定营业场所。
二、“常设机构”一语特别包括:(一)管理场所;(二)分支机构;(三)办事处;(四)工厂;(五)作业场所;(六)矿场、油井或气井、采石场或者其它开采自然资源的场所。
三、“常设机构”一语还包括:(一)建筑工地,建筑、装配或安装工程,或者与其有关的监督管理活动,但仅以该工地、工程或活动连续六个月以上的为限;(二)一方企业直接或者通过雇员或者雇用的其它人员,在另一方为同一个项目或者相关联的项目提供的劳务,包括咨询劳务,仅以在任何十二个月中连续或累计超过六个月的为限。
四、虽有本条上述规定,“常设机构”一语应认为不包括:(一)专为储存、陈列或者交付本企业货物或者商品的目的而使用的设施;(二)专为储存、陈列或者交付的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存;(三)专为另一企业加工的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存;(四)专为本企业采购货物或者商品,或者搜集信息的目的所设的固定营业场所;(五)专为本企业进行其它准备性或辅助性活动的目的所设的固定营业场所;(六)专为本款第(一)项至第(五)项活动的结合所设的固定营业场所,但这种结合所产生的该固定营业场所的全部活动应属于准备性质或辅助性质。
五、虽有本条第一款和第二款的规定,当一个人(除适用第六款规定的独立代理人以外)在一方代表另一方的企业进行活动,有权并经常行使这种权力以该企业的名义签订合同,这个人为该企业进行的任何活动,应认为该企业在该一方设有常设机构。
除非这个人通过固定营业场所进行的活动限于第四款的规定,按照该款规定,不应认为该固定营业场所是常设机构。
六、一方企业仅通过按常规经营本身业务的经纪人、一般佣金代理人或者任何其它独立代理人在另一方进行营业,不应认为在该另一方设有常设机构。
但如果这个代理人的活动全部或几乎全部代表该企业,不应认为是本款所指的独立代理人。
七、一方居民公司,控制或被控制于另一方居民公司或者在该另一方进行营业的公司(不论是否通过常设机构),此项事实不能据以使任何一方公司构成另一方公司的常设机构。
第六条不动产所得一、一方居民从位于另一方的不动产取得的所得(包括农业或林业所得),可以在该另一方征税。
二、“不动产”一语应当具有财产所在地的一方的法律所规定的含义。
该用语在任何情况下应包括附属于不动产的财产,农业和林业所使用的牲畜和设备,有关房地产的一般法律规定所适用的权利,不动产的用益权,以及由于开采或有权开采矿藏、资源和其它自然资源取得的不固定或固定收入的权利。
船舶和飞机不应视为不动产。
三、本条第一款的规定应适用于从直接使用、出租或者任何其它形式使用不动产取得的所得。
四、本条第一款和第三款的规定也适用于企业的不动产所得。
第七条营业利润一、一方企业的利润应仅在该一方征税,但该企业通过设在另一方的常设机构在该另一方进行营业的除外。
如果该企业通过设在该另一方的常设机构在该另一方进行营业,其利润可以在该另一方征税,但应仅以属于该常设机构的利润为限。
二、除适用本条第三款的规定以外,一方企业通过设在另一方的常设机构在该另一方进行营业,应将该常设机构视同在相同或类似情况下从事相同或类似活动的独立分设企业,并视同该常设机构与其所隶属的企业完全独立地进行交易。
在上述情况下,该常设机构可能得到的利润,在各方应归属于该常设机构。
三、在确定常设机构的利润时,应当允许扣除其进行营业发生的各项费用,包括行政和一般管理费用,不论其发生于该常设机构所在一方或者其它任何地方。
但是,常设机构使用专利或者其它权利支付给企业总机构或该企业其它办事处的特许权使用费、报酬或其它类似款项,提供具体服务或管理的佣金,以及向其借款所支付的利息,银行企业除外,都不得作任何扣除(属于偿还代垫实际发生的费用除外)。
同样,在确定常设机构的利润时,也不考虑该常设机构从企业总机构或该企业其它办事处取得的因使用专利和其它权利的特许权使用费、报酬或其它类似款项,因提供具体服务或管理的佣金,以及因贷款给该企业总机构或该企业其它办事处所取得的利息,银行企业除外(属于偿还代垫实际发生的费用除外)。
四、如果一方习惯于以企业总利润按一定比例分配给所属各单位的方法,或是按照其法律规定的其它方法,来确定常设机构的利润,则第二款规定并不妨碍该一方按上述方法确定其应纳税的利润。
但是,采用的方法所得到的结果,应与本条所规定的原则一致。
五、不应仅由于常设机构为企业采购货物或商品,将利润归属于该常设机构。
六、在上述各款中,除有适当的和充分的理由需要变动外,每年应采用相同的方法确定归属于常设机构的利润。
七、利润中如果包括本安排其它各条单独规定的所得项目时,本条规定不应影响其它各条的规定。
第八条海运、空运和陆运一、一方企业在另一方以船舶、飞机或陆运车辆经营海运、空运和陆运运输所取得的收入和利润,该另一方应予免税(在内地包括营业税)。
二、本条第一款的规定也适用于参加合伙经营、联合经营或者参加国际经营机构取得的收入和利润,但仅限于在上述经营中按参股比例取得的收入和利润部分。
第九条联属企业一、当:(一)一方企业直接或者间接参与另一方企业的管理、控制或资本,或者(二)同一人直接或者间接参与一方企业和另一方企业的管理、控制或资本,在上述任何一种情况下,两个企业之间的商业或财务关系不同于独立企业之间的关系,因此,本应由其中一个企业取得,但由于这些情况而没有取得的利润,可以计入该企业的利润,并据以征税。
二、一方将另一方已征税的企业利润包括在该一方企业的利润内(该部分利润是按照两个独立企业在相同情况下本应由该一方企业所取得),并加以征税时,该另一方应对这部分利润所征收的税额作出适当的调整。
在确定上述调整时,应对本安排其它规定予以注意,如有必要,双方主管当局应相互协商。
第十条股息一、一方居民公司支付给另一方居民的股息,可以在该另一方征税。
二、然而,这些股息也可以在支付股息的公司是其居民的一方,按照该一方法律征税。
但是,如果股息受益所有人是另一方的居民,则所征税款不应超过:(一)如果受益所有人是直接拥有支付股息公司至少25%股份的,为股息总额的5%;(二)在其它情况下,为股息总额的10%。
双方主管当局应协商确定实施限制税率的方式。
本款不应影响对该公司就支付股息的利润所征收的公司利润税。
三、本条“股息”一语是指从股份或者非债权关系分享利润的权利取得的所得,以及按照分配利润的公司是其居民的一方的法律,视同股份所得同样征税的其它公司权利取得的所得。
四、如果股息受益所有人是一方居民,在支付股息的公司是其居民的另一方,通过设在该另一方的常设机构进行营业,据以支付股息的股份与该常设机构有实际联系的,不适用本条第一款和第二款的规定。
在这种情况下,适用第七条的规定。
五、一方居民公司从另一方取得利润或所得,该另一方不得对该公司支付的股息或未分配的利润征收任何税收,即使支付的股息或未分配的利润全部或部分是发生于该另一方的利润或所得。