水位自动监测系统设计

水位站的水位监测系统设计

本文实现对大坝水位进行多点水位采集，然后通过远距离传输，并且有数据显示和越线报警功能，单片机作为下位机，负责大坝现场各水位点的选通和采集，作为上位机的ＰＣ机，则负责大坝水位的集中显示和记录管理，而ＰＣ机与单片机之间的通讯方式主要采用了ＲＳ－４８５总线技术。本文阐述了通过超声波液位传感器等对大坝水位进行自动监测系统，主要由硬件部分和软件部分组成。

软件部分主要是传感器主要是超声波传感器，数据采集部分采用多路开关方式进行，利用超声波传感器进行模拟数据采集，为了满足生产中多通道的要求，设计了８个模拟数据采集通道。传感器将非电量信号变为电信号，经放大器放大后送入8位串行模数转换器ＴＬＣ０８３８，数据处理部分采用ＡＴ８９Ｓ５２单片机为核心控制及器件，当ＡＴ８９Ｓ５２单片机接到控制软件发出的通道采集指令，采集的信号通过串行接口送入单片机，由显示芯片ＨＤ７２７９八驱动ＬＥＤ数码管进行现场显示，再通过RS—485通信总线上传至上位机，由上位机进行显示。

软件部分主要采用汇编语言编程进行了数据采集处理、数据显示、报警等程序的设计。针对电磁干扰对系统的干扰，本文提出了去藕电容的配置等三点抗干扰措施，以增加系统的稳定性。

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Design Of Automatic Monitoring System of the Water Level

In Hydrological Station

Abstract

The paper mainly describes the method of the ultrasonic liquid level through the dam of water level sensors for automatic monitoring system, which is consist of the hardware part and software part. In this paper, uses the host who and the monolithic integrated circuit is composed by PC machine from the type many machine networking system, the monolithic integrated circuit took the lower position machine , is responsible for the dam scene various gauging stations the selection and gathering, in the achievement position machine PC machine, then is responsible for the dam water level the centralism demonstrate and manage the record , but PC machine and between the monolithic integrated circuit communication way mainly use the RS-485 main line technology.

Here uses the sensor mainly is the ultrasonic sensor, the data-acquisition works in frame of multi-channel switch. Carries on analog data gathering using the ultrasonic sensor, it designs eight analog-data acquisition system. The sensor changes the non-electronic signals into electronic signals and sends them to eight TLC0838 tandem modulus transfers after being amplified. Data-acquisition takes AT89S52 single chip microcomputer as the key controller element, when the AT89S52 receives the channel acquisition order from the controlling software, the collected signals will be sent to the single chip microcomputer through tandem interface, and will be shown alive as the showing chips HD7279A drives the LED, and sent to the PC through RS-485 the main communication wire, also it will be shown.

It designs much program like data-display and data-communication Etc , using complied languages. As to the interference from the electromagnetism to the system, the thesis proposes three measures to resist the interference like capacitance, to steady the system.

Key word : Ultrasonic sensor; Single Chip Microcomputer of AT89S52; Data-acquisition and communication System; PC

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