2020届高三英语一轮复习专题二名词练习

专题二名词

1．(2018·天津卷)The possibility (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.

解析：句意：在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命，这一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。考查名词。设空处在句中作主语，故填名词。possibility可能，可能性，其后为that引导的同位语从句。

2．(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) you've made.

解析：句意：要努力去弄明白实际上正在发生的事，而不要根据自己的假设就采取行动。根据语境和设空处前的定冠词the可知此处要用所给单词的名词形式。assumption假定；假设。

3．(2017·江苏卷)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily

caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations (explain) are hard to find.

解析：句意：恐龙灭绝未必是由天文事故造成的，但是也很难找

到其他的解释。设空处在此处作句子的主语，要用其名词形式。根据

谓语动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。

4．(2016·天津卷)The dictionary is out of date:_many words have been added to the language since it was published.

解析：句意：这本词典过时了，自从它出版以来，这种语言已经添加了许多单词。out of date过时。

5．(2016·江苏卷)—Can you tell us your recipe for happiness (happy) and a long life?

—Living every day to the full, definitely.

解析：句意：——你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗？——确切地说，就是充实地度过每一天。介词后需用名词形式，happiness 作“幸福”讲为不可数名词，故答案为happiness。

6．(2016·浙江卷)It is important to pay your electricity (electric) bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.

解析：句意：按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题考查名词作定语。名词作定语时，常用其单数形式，故答案为electricity。

一、名词的数

1．常见的不可数名词有advice, news, progress, money, furniture, fun, equipment, weather, luck, homework, housework, information, bread, medicine, clothing, wealth, equipment, word (消息), room (空间), man (人类)等。

[点拨]word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。

What fine weather!

We have got a lot of information on the Internet.

2．有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses 眼镜，clothes 衣服，goods 货物，trousers 裤子，belongings 所有物，wages 工资，riches 财富，surroundings 环境，ashes 灰尘，compasses 圆规，cattle 家畜，congratulations 祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits 以很高的热情，give one's regards to sb. 向某人问候，in rags 衣衫褴褛，It is good manners to do sth. 做某事有礼貌。

3．有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，但意义不同。work “工作”(不可数名词)，“作品，著作”(可数名词)；room “空间”(不可数)，“房间”(可数)；experience “经验”(不可数)，“经历”(可数)；paper “纸”(不可数)，“论文、文件、试卷”(可数)。

Working with Tom who has a lot of work experience is a pleasant experience.

二、名词的所有格

1．“'s”所有格

(1)用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后。如：today's newspaper, five minutes' walk/drive, five pounds' weight。

(2)用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the world's population, China's industry, New York's parks。

(3)表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加“'s”，如：Jane's and Mary's bikes。

(4)表示共有的所有关系时，在最后一词末尾加“'s”，如：Jane and Mary's father。

(5)表示“某人家”“某店铺”，所有格后名词常省略，如：the doctor's; the barber's。