2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义(068)动词不定式时态语态与分裂不定式知识点总结整理

2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义（068）动词不定式时态语态与分裂不定式常考知识点总结整理

01. 动词不定式的时态和语态

1）动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作和状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的同时或以后。如：

I often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.

我常常听见迪克在隔壁弹钢琴。（hear与play两个动作同时发生）They saw him go out. 他们看见他出去了。（saw与go out动作同时发生）

例题：

—Where are the twins?

—I saw them out for a walk just now.

A. go

B. to go

C. gone

D. went

【答案选A】see sb. do sth.“看到某人做某事”，表示看到动作的全过程，或经常性的动作，或过去的动作；see sb. doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”。依题意“我刚才看到他们出去散步了”，表示过去的动作。

Keith hopes to become a university student this year.

凯斯希望今年能成为一名大学生。（to become这个动作发生在hope 之后）

They decided to plant more trees this spring.

他们决定今年春天栽更多的树。（to plant这个动作发生在decide 之后）

例题：

—Do you think our football team will win the match?

—Yes. We have better players. So I them to win.

A. hope

B. ask

C. help

D. expect

【答案选D】hope“希望”；ask“问”；help“帮助”；expect“预料，预期”。

2）动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生。如：

My supervisor happened to be correcting my dissertation when I came in. 当我进来的时候，碰巧我的导师在修改我的论文。

They seemed to be discussing something important.

他们似乎在讨论重要的事情。

例题：

When they went into the park，they saw

someone Chinese Gongfu.

A. plays

B. played

C. to play

D. playing

【答案选D】表示“看到某人正在做某事”。依题意，“当他们走进公园时……”，went into是个点时间动作，即“走进公园的那一刻，看到有人正在练中国功夫”。

3）动词不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前。如：

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

很抱歉，让你久等了。（to have kept发生在am所表示的时间之前）Joshua is said to have written a book on the war on Iraq.

听说约书亚写了一本关于伊拉克战争的书。

（to have written 发生在is said 所表示的时间之前）

有些动词如：wish，hope，intend，mean，plan，think，want，promise 和be的过去时＋不定式的完成式，表示“动作没有完成”。如：

I hoped to have finished the work earlier.

我本来想早点完成这项工作。

I intended to have come to see you.

我本来打算来看你的。

We were to have met at eight.

我们本来是约定八点钟见面的。

例题：

AIDS is said the biggest health challenge for both men and women in that area over the past few years.

A. that it is

B. to be

C. that it has been

D. to have been

【答案选D】由over the past few years可知用不定式的完成式。

4）动词不定式的完成进行式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前一直在进行。如：

Marks seems to have been working there all these years.

马科斯好像这么多年一直在那儿工作。

Nicholas was known to have been living there for over twenty years.

据悉尼古拉斯已在那儿居住了二十多年了。

5）当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式通常要用被动形式。不定式的被动式在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。其时态形式有一般式和完成式两种。如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.

被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会十分荣幸。（作主语）

No harm seems to have been done.

似乎并没有造成损害。（作表语）

I wish to be sent to work in the country.

我希望被派往乡下工作。（作宾语）

In 1924 Nellie Taylor Ross of Wyoming became the first woman to be elected governor in the United States.

1924年，怀俄明州的内利·泰勒·罗斯成为美国第一位当选州长的妇女。（作定语）

I had to shout to be heard.

我大声呼喊以便能被听得见。（作状语）

Steven did not like his intention to be laughed at.

史蒂文不喜欢他的意图被人取笑。（作宾语补足语）。

02 分裂不定式

有时在不定式符号“to”与动词原形之间插入一个副词，这种现象叫做分裂不定式（split infinitive）。所插入的副词往往与不定式的动词原形连用。如：