高考常考英语近义词辨析

1. imagine vt. form a picture of in the mind；think of (sth.) as probable：想象；认为（某事）

可能发生或存在。宾语为名词、代词、动名词、从句。宾语从句为否定意义时，要用否定转移，与think believe suppose expect用法相同，成为I/ We don’t imagine…意为“我（们）认为……不……如：We can imagine her sadness.我们可以想象她的悲伤。I didn’t imagin e (my) becoming a teacher in my childhood.在童年时代，我并未想象能成为一名教师。Can you imagine how much I was surprised to hear the news?你能想象我听见这个消息有多惊讶吗？I don’t imagine so. = I imagine not.我认为不是这样。

imagine guess suppose

imagine意为“想象，幻想”，指在脑海中形成一个清晰明确的印象，或认为某事物可能发

生或存在;

guess： form an opinion give an answer make a statement baxxxxsed on supposition not on careful thought calculation or definite knowledge: “猜测，臆测”，指未知道前的猜测;

suppose: let it be though that; take it as a fact that:认定，假定；guess; think: “想象，推测”，意指“假定或假设中的情形”。

2. shake tremble

shake: move be moved quickly or violently up and down forwards and backwards: 最普通用词，可指人或物“摇动，发抖”。指人时常用于感情激动、寒冷、惧怕引起的身体颤动。在表示“因……而颤抖”时，多用with。在表示“使受震撼，使（信念等）动摇”，常用于be shaken

by/with/at中。

tremble: shake involuntarily ( with fear anger cold physical weakness etc.) 颤栗震颤发抖(因恐惧愤怒寒冷体弱等)，常常与shake相互替换，但指握手，摇头或捧腹大笑时用 shake tremble只用作不及物动词。如：The poor boy was shaking with cold.这个孩子正冻的发抖。They were badly shaken by the news.他们对这个消息大为震惊。The host shook hands with all the guests.主人跟所有的客人握手。Her voice was trembling with anger.她气的声音发抖。

3. rise raise

rise vi. ( of the sun moon stars river price temperature etc.) appear above the horizon:指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、云、霞、烟、水蒸气、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等：He rose from his chair and began his speech.他从椅子上站起来开始了他的演说。Her temperature is still rising.他的体温还在上升。He has risen in rank.他已经升职了。

raise vt. 1. lift up; move from a low(er) to a high(er) level; cause to rise: 外部的力量，“举起、提高”：The people’s living standard has greatly been raised.人民的生活水平已大大的提高了。2．grow or produce (crops); breed (sheep etc.); bring up a family: 饲养、种植”、养育、抚育：They can raise rice here.他们这儿能种水稻。

4. burst into / burst out : send out suddenly; break out into; suddenly begin to ……

burst into + doing: She burst into tears. = She burst out crying.她突然哭起来了。

burst out + n.：All of them burst into laughter = All of them burst out laughing.他们全都大笑

起来了。

5. destroy ruin damage

destroy: break to pieces; make useless; put an end to: 毁灭；摧毁；毁坏；破坏。表示在肉

体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏: All his hopes were destroyed.他所有的希望都毁灭了。An atom bomb would destroy a city. 一颗原子

弹可以摧毁一座城市。

ruin: sth. which has decayed been destroyed etc.:败坏，毁坏，崩溃的状态。指对物体或生

命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的

事物的破坏: Smoking ruined his health.吸烟毁了他的健康。She ruined his prospects.她毁了他的

前途。

damage: harm or injury that causes loss of value: 损害；损毁（使失去价值）。一般指对物

体或生命的局部损坏：Their houses were damaged by the enemy’s shellfire.他们的房屋被敌人的

炮火击毁了。

6. hurt wound injure

hurt: cause bodily injury or pain to; damage; pain ( a person his feeling): 使受伤；使疼痛；伤害；使伤心。一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害，还可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛、惹起痛苦”: What he said hurt me deeply.他说的话使我非常伤心。

wound: hurt or injury to the living tissue of the body caused by cutting shooting tearing etc. esp. as the result of attack: 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战争中，战斗中受伤: He got wounded in the fighting.他在战斗中受了伤。

injure: hurt; damage esp. for result of an accident;一般指由于意外或事故而受伤。如：He was badly injured in the accident.他在这次事故中受了重伤。Smoking will injure your health.吸烟会毁了你的健康。

7. shock astonish surprise

shock vt./n: to cause usually unpleasant or angry surprise to (sb.): 震惊，打击，吃惊程度最大，后面常跟介词at/by构成词组be shocked at/by，表示“对……吃惊”，或接不定式表示原因，也可作名词，意为“震动，打击”: He was shocked by what you said.他对你说的话感到震惊。He was shocked to know his son playing all day.他知道他的儿子整天玩大为震惊。The news gave

me a great shock.这个消息给了我很大的打击。

astonish vt./n: surprise greatly. 语气比surprise要强，含有令人难以置信: I was astonished

to see him in Tibet.在西藏见到他，真感到惊异。The news astonished everyone.这个消息使每个

人都很震惊。

surprise vt./n: (feeling caused by) sth. sudden or unexpected: 最普通用词，意为“使惊讶，使

吃惊”，含有“意想不到”之意。如： I was surprised to see the great changes in my hometown.看

到家乡的巨大变化他惊讶不已。His failure didn’t cause much surprise (was not a great surprise.)

他的失败未引起很大的惊奇（并非很意外的事）。