英语翻译重点(1)

英译汉

Unit 1

(1)Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree.

力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。

(2)The stumbling block of assumed similarity is a “trouble m,” as one English learner expressed it, not only for the foreigner but for the people in the host country with whom the international visitor comes into contact.

正如一个学习英语的人所表达的那样，相似性的假设这个的绊脚石是一个“麻烦”，不仅仅是对于来访的外国人，就连这个外国人接触的东道国的人也都是个问题。

(3)They abstract whatever fits into their personal world of recognition and then interpret it through the frame of reference of their own culture.

他们只提取出那些适合他们认可的个人世界的东西，然后按照他们自身文化为参考系来加以解释。

Unit 3

(1)The key to Crockpot stepfamilies is time and low heat. I’ve already stressed the importance of being patient with the integration process and not trying to force love, care, or togetherness. Often, in an attempt to quickly combine various ingredients such as people, rituals, and backgrounds, stepfamilies use the food processor, microwave, pressure cooker, and blender integration styles.

瓦罐煨汤式融合的继亲家庭的关键是温火慢炖。前文我已经强调了整合过程中有耐心，而不强迫关爱、强迫关心、强迫在一起的重要性。通常，为了快速的将诸如人，仪式和背景等原料合并一体，继亲家庭采用食品加工式，微波炉式，高压锅式和果汁机式的融合方式。

(2)Stepfamilies need time to adjust to new living conditions, new parenting styles, rules, and responsibilities. They need time to experience one another and develop trust, commitmen t, and a shared history. They need time to find a sense of belonging and an identity as a family unit. None of these things can be rushed.

继亲家庭需要时间来适应新的居住环境，新的父母家教风格，规矩和责任。他们需要时间来相互体验，产生信任，形成忠诚，创造共同的历史。他们需要时间来寻找作为一个家庭的归属感和认同感。所有这些都不能操之过急。

(3) A watched pot never boil s. 心急水不开。

(4) Meredith considered it her“down time”to relax and read a good book, Terry enjoyed playing with friends, while Joe mastered his latest computer game.

Meredith会把闲暇时间当作者“工歇时间”，放松自己，读一本好书。Terry喜欢和朋友们一起玩，而Joe 则精通又一种最新的电脑游戏。

Unit 4

(1)When economists first began to measure the sources of economic growth, what previously had been considered an unexplained residual became identified as human capital.

当经济学家开始测定经济发展的因素时，从前被认为是无法解释的剩余因素被决定为人力资本。

(2)The term “human capital” suggests to some a depersonalization of individual and is associated in the popular mind with a dehumanizing society that equates men with machines. n. [心理] 人格解体，人性之丧失

“人力资本”这一术语让人觉得是剥夺人的个性，在公众的脑海里联想到将人与机器等同的异化社会。vt. 使成兽性；使失掉人性

(3)When we think about an appropriate investment strategy in China, and the development of its regions, it is very important to understand that optimizing over the full portfolio of investment—both human and physical capital—promote the highest rate of growth.

当我们思考在中国的适当投资策略以及各地区发展的时候，十分重要的是要知道，优化人力资本和实物资本投资组合将推动最高速度的发展。

(4)There are benefits to education that are not directly captured by individuals, these externalities are likely to be quite large in China. n. 外部性；外部效应

教育的收益有些并不是个人直接获得的，这些间接受益在中国很有可能是巨大的。

(5)It is important to evaluate government activity on a quantitative basis, to screen the bad investments from the good ones and to conduct policy on a factually informed basis.

对政府的活动进行量化评估，剔除坏的投资保留好的投资，实事求是地执行政策，这是至关重要的。

(6)Labor markets are so distorted that wages do not reflect this true marginal contribution of educated labor to the economy.

劳动市场如此被扭曲，结果工资没有反映出受教育的劳动者对经济的真实的边际贡献。

Unit 5

(1)The synergies between the goals of gender equity, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability are explored below in terms of addressing poverty, health, climate change, natural disasters and creating sustainable livelihoods by empowering(v. 授权；允许)women in the realms of agriculture, forest and biodiversity management.

下文对性别平等、减轻贫困以及环境的可持续性三者的协同作用与妇女贫困问题的关系进行了研究，主要涉及解决贫困、健康、气候变化、自然灾害以及强化妇女在农业、林业、生态多元化管理领域中的权力，使之创造出可持续的生存方式等问题。

(2)There are differences in exposure暴露according to age and economic status, and in some cultures women tend to undervalue their own health, leading to under-reporting of problems.

根据年龄与经济情况的不同，受污染空气毒害的程度各异。在有些国家，妇女有轻视自己的健康状况的倾向从而导致（毒气影响健康的）问题没有得到充分的报道。

(3)Climate change is expected to increase the burden of disease considerably (adv. 相当地；非常地) allowing vectors to breed in latitudes or altitudes where current temperatures prevent them.

气候的变化极大地加重了疫情。原因是目前该地域的气温能抑制传染病媒介的兹生，而气温的变化将会适宜于这些传染病媒介的繁殖。