跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件
跨文化交际实用教程胡超编著unit_4
There was a man on the roof doing repairs. “Didn’t you hear me call ‘Look out’?” he demanded. “Yes, and that’s what I did,” she replied.
as Chinese word “干部”.
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知识分子
In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters.
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Can you find the equivalent words in English for these Chinese words?
龙 干部 母马
扁担 一本书 知识分子 社会科学
dragon cadre female horse?/mare?
a carrying pole; a shoulder pole
Rosalita, a Brazilian woman Roger had known for some time. Roger generally had a very good impression of her and always felt at ease with her.
跨文化交际Unit 4课件
Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
打落水狗, 斗鸡走狗, 狗恶 酒酸, 狗吠不惊, 狗急跳墙, 狗头军师, 狗血喷头, 狗眼 看人, 狗仗人势, 狗嘴里吐 不出象牙, 挂羊头、卖狗肉, 关门打狗, 狐朋狗友, 鸡鸣 狗吠, 嫁鸡随鸡、嫁狗随狗, 狼心狗肺, 鼠窃狗盗, 偷鸡 摸狗, 指鸡骂狗, 猪卑狗险, 狗皮膏药, 狗走狐淫, 丧家 之狗, 狗行狼心, 狗胆包女：你说你很寂寞，为什么不去找你以前的女朋友而来追我 呢？ 男：好马不吃回头草！(A good horse will never turn round to graze on an old pasture.) 女：你们班上也有女孩呀！我们俩相隔这么远，为何来追我 呢？ 男：兔子不吃窝边草！(A rabbit doesn„t nibble the grass near its own hole.) 女：那你现在为什么又要抛弃我呢？你这个混蛋！ 男：天涯何处无芳草！(There are plenty of fish in the sea.)
“Language-and-culture” in the five dimensions of culture
Language and cultural products Language and cultural practices Language and cultural perspectives Language and cultural communities Language and persons
More examples
More examples
I am sorry. I am sorry, too. I am sorry three. What are you sorry for (four)? I am sorry five.
跨文化交际实用教程课件
3.The Filipinos were talking in their own native language. No doubt the British felt left out, which is unacceptable and rarely occurs on social occasions in Britain.
Work in Pairs to act out the following two cases:
a. A young Chinese woman in the U.S. was complimented by an American woman for the lovely dress she was wearing: “It’s exquisite. The colors are so beautiful!” She was pleased but somewhat embarrassed. In typical Chinese fashion, she replied, “Oh, it’s just an ordinary dress I bought in China.”
Positive Functions of Compliments
It's a good manner to compliment others. A sincere compliment is always a welcome boost to someone’s day.
跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件 PPT
English:
as timid as a rabbit/chickenhearted
an ass in a lion’s skin
like a rat in a hole
Chinese:
English:
落汤鸡
母老虎（比丈夫强的 妻子）
like a drenched chicken; like a drowned rat
知识分子
In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters.
In the English culture, dragon refers to a giant horrible animal like the lizard, meaning being terrible or disgusting. Therefore, in the west a person like a dragon usually implies that he is horrible, vicious and disgusting.
跨文化交际第四课.ppt
5. Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or PLA Uncle means.
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6. We can address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas.
With Miss Mary the use of the given name indicates friendliness. With Brown the lack of a title indicates friendliness.
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4. Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles.
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美国人乐善好施，爱打抱不平，个 性耿直，很容易交朋友。他们总是 先相信人，然而一旦他们觉得那人 有误，不管谁是谁非，说翻脸马上 翻脸，容不得他有解释的余地。但 如果事后他意识到是自己误会了， 他会很诚恳地向你道歉，没有面子 不面子的顾虑。
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谨防被认为同性恋 Man don't hold hands & woman don't hold hands in America
在社交距离范围内，已经没有直接的 身体接触，说话时，也要适当提高声音， 需要更充分的目光接触。如果谈话者得不 到对方目光的支持，他(或她)会有强烈的 被忽视、被拒绝的感受。这时，相互间的 目光接触已是交谈中不可缺免的感情交流 形式了。
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４、公众距离。12～25英尺(约 3.7～7.6米)这是公开演说时演 说者与听众所保持的距离。这 是一个几乎能容纳一切人的 “门户开放”的空间，人们完 全可以对处于空间的其他人， “视而不见”，不予交往，因 为相互之间未必发生一定联系。 因此，这个空间的交往，大多 是当众演讲之类。
跨文化交际课件 Unit Four
Case One: People here call me Lao Wai (old
foreigner). At first I was quite upset, I looked at myself in the mirror, I wasn’t old: I’m only in my twenties. Later, I found they also called foreign children Lao Wai or Xiao Lao Wai (little old foreigner), I realized it’s a general term for any foreigner.
6. Greetings and terms of address
• Physical greetings: • 7. Compliments, thanks and apologies • About "Thank you!": English learners take it for granted that in answering another compliments, the best way to do is to give a response of "Thank you!". However studies show that only 38.4% of Americans directly adopt this way while all the rest choose other ways to give an response. • More…
案例分析
• Case Two: When I traveled in China, I talked with many people. I knew they were friendly to me, but sometimes their questions made feel a bit uncomfortable, such as questions about my age and salary.
文化与跨文化交际——大学英语视听说 教学课件Unit 4
gang
patrol
3. keep watch over (an area) by regularly walking or travelling around it.
trigger-happy 4. ready to react violently, especially by
shooting, on the slightest provocation.
Watch the video again, and figure out the answer to each of the following questions.
4. From the utterance---“We the only two black faces surrounded by a sea of over-caffeinated white people, patrolled by the trigger-happy LAPD”, we can infer that Anthony’s attitude towards LAPD (Los Angeles Police Department) is_____________.
amigo
10. (informal) used to address or refer to a friend, chiefly in Spanish-speaking areas.
Watch the video for the first time and judge whether each of the following statement is true based on what you hear.
1. Anthony is unhappy with the black waitress’ service.
Cross-Cultural Communication Unit 1-4 跨文化交际(课堂PPT)
15
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• Meanwhile, aging population in more developed countries – Could bring more communication issues between older generations and younger generations (this can be treated as co-culture).
ethnic background, age, sex,
media, monetary systems,
or other factors.
etc.
16
17
• We learn our culture through proverbs
– Offer an important set of instructions
Our goal in this class is to answer some of the following questions: • Why do we often uncomfortable when encountering people who are different from yourself? • Why do people from different cultures behave in ways that seem strange to you? • How do cultural differences influence communication? • Which cultural differences are important and which are inconsequential? • Why is it difficult to understand and appreciate cultural difference?
跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件
Verbal Communication
Objectives
Learn the culturally loaded words Learn the cultural reflections on
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
proverbs Learn taboos Learn the differences in cultural thought patterns
知识分子
In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters. In EC, it refers to people of high academic status (college professors) –much smaller range of people. not always a complimentary term, sometimes used in derogatory sense.
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Interpretations
龙--- in CC, it is a totem(图腾) with
many royal associations, 龙颜，龙 床，龙袍， 龙心大喜。 In EC, dragon refers to horrible, disgusting monsters.
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18
the young chick duckling gosling foal calf puppy lamb fawn shoat
跨文化交际实用教程unit4专题培训课件
Learn the culturally loaded words Learn the cultural reflections on
proverbs Learn taboos Learn the differences in cultural
thought patterns
III. Summary IV. Assignments
2
I. Warm-up cases
Case 1. Shoes for Street Walking Question : Why did the Italian shop owner
make such a blunder? Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit.
Comment:
Hustle---- to force sb to make a decision before they are ready or sure
-----to work as a prostitute / romance or sex is hinted
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Case 3 Look out
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Interpretations 龙--- in CC, it is a totem with many
royal associations, 龙颜，龙床， 龙袍， 龙心大喜。
In EC, dragon refers to horrible, disgusting monsters.
9
知识分子
In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters.
跨文化Unit4
跨文化Unit4跨文化交际实用教程INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: A PRACTICAL COURSEBOOK王凌燕制作王凌燕制作Unit 4 Verbal Communication“Careful with fire,” is good advice, we know; “Careful with words,” is ten times doubly so. Will Carleton, The First Settler’s Story01 02 03 04 05 06Warm-up Cases Culturally Loaded Words Cultural Reflections on Proverbs Taboos Differences in Cultural Thought Patterns ExercisesUnit 4 Verbal Communication01 Warm-up Cases Cases 02 03 04 05 06 Culturally Loaded Words Cultural Reflections on Proverbs Taboos Differences in Cultural Thought Patterns Exercises01Warm-up CasesCase 1 Shoes for Street Walking (P67)It is said that in Rome, in front of a shoe store, there was such a sign to attract English-speaking customers: Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit. The sign caught the attention of many English-speaking tourists, but not to look at the shoes displayed in the windows, but to read the sign and then break out into laughter.Unit 4 Verbal Communication401Warm-up Casesa street walker ------ a prostitute to have a fit ------ to become suddenly and violently angry or upset (勃然大怒) Unit 4 Verbal Communication501Warm-up CasesCase 2 A Misunderstanding Caused by a Joke (P67)Roger was the Personnel Executive of a large American multinational firm. In 1996, Roger was working in Brazil to help promote their business. One evening, there was a party, attended by both his employees from the United States and many Brazilian business people. At the party, Roger bumped into Rosalita, a Brazilian woman he had known for some time. Roger generally had a very good impression of Rosalita and always felt at ease with her, so that he felt free to tell jokes and share personal thoughts, and talk about Brazil and Brazilian life without having the jitters of offending Rosalita. During the party, Rosalita said to Roger, “I’d like to introduce you to one of my good friends. She is a very capable woman and is presently thinking of working in a joint venture so she can provide a better living for her large family. She is very much interested in your company.” Hearing that, Roger smiled and replied, “OK, but I just hope I don’t get hustled.” Unfortunately, Roger’s reply made Rosalita quite upset. Very soon she excused herself as politely as she could, and did not speak with Roger for the rest of the evening.Unit 4 Verbal Communication601Warm-up Casesto force sb. to make a decision before they are ready or sure to work as a prostitute; romance or sex is hintedUnit 4 Verbal Communication701Warm-up CasesCase 3 Look Out (P69)A foreign student in the U.S. was sitting by a window reading a book. She heard someone yelling “Look out!”, so she stuck her head out of the window. Just then a board hurtled down from above, narrowly missing her. She looked up, half in anger and half in fright. There was a man on the roof doing repairs. “Didn’t you hear me call ‘Look out’?” he demanded. “Yes, and that’s what I did,” she replied.to be careful, especially when there is dangerto stick your head outside of sth.(window/door) to take a lookUnit 4 Verbal Communication8Unit 4 Verbal Communication01 03 04 05 06Warm-up Cases02 Culturally Loaded Words Cultural Reflections on Proverbs Taboos Differences in Cultural Thought Patterns Exercises02Culturally Loaded WordsA beautiful womanUnit 4 Verbal Communication1002Culturally Loaded WordsDoes “dragon” mean the same to a Westerner as “龙” to a Chinese?In Chinese culture, “龙” is a totem['t??t?m] with many royal association, such as “龙颜”, “龙床”, “龙袍”, “龙心大喜”. Unit 4 Verbal CommunicationThe associations of “dragon” to Westerners are horrible, disgusting monsters.1102Culturally Loaded WordsUnit 4 Verbal Communication1202Culturally Loaded WordsUnit 4 Verbal Communication1302Culturally Loaded WordsDoes “知识分子” have the same meaning as “intellectual”?In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters who have had a college education. ? In EC, it includes only people of high academic statussuch as college professors, not ordinary college students. (Cover a much smaller range of people.) (Not always a complimentary term, sometimes used in derogatory[d?'r?g?t(?)r?] sense.) Unit 4 Verbal Communication1402Culturally Loaded Words干部cadreIn EC, “cadre” is not a common word, and many Englishspeaking people do not know what it means. ? Some other substitutes: official, functionary, administrator, etc. But none of these gets exact same meaning as Chinese word “干部”.Unit 4 Verbal Communication1502Culturally Loaded Words社会科学Social Sciences“社会科学” covers all the fields except the ones in the natural sciences and applied sciences. It would be the same to “the humanities” in English: language, literature, philosophy, etc. ? The English term “social sciences” covers a smaller area of learning. It includes political science, economics, history (which is often classified under the humanities), and sociology ----the branches of learning that study human society, especially its organization and relationship of individual members to it.Unit 4 Verbal Communication1602Culturally Loaded Words Generic termchicken duck goose horse cattle/cow pig dog sheep deerName for malecock, rooster drake gander stallion bull boar dog ram stag Name for femalehen duck goose mare cow sow bitch ewe doeName for the chick youngduckling gosling foal calf shoat puppy lamb fawnWith certain less common animals and birds, “bull” or “cow” and “cock” or “hen” are frequently used to distinguish sex, e.g. bull seal, cow seal; bull elephant, cow elephant; cock pheasant, hen pheasant; cock sparrow, hen sparrow. Also, using the term “male” or “female”, or someti mes “she” with the generic name, is acceptable, as in “male leopard”, “female panda”, “she wolf”, etc. Unit 4 Verbal Communication1702Culturally Loaded WordsChinese Terms in English viceassociate assistant 副deputy lieutenant [lu't?n?nt] underExamples in English vice-chairman, vice-president associate professor, associate director assistant manager, assistant secretary deputy director, deputy chief-of-staff lieutenant governor, lieutenant general undersecretary (of, U.S.) Unit 4 Verbal Communication1802Culturally Loaded WordsUnit 4 Verbal Communication1902Culturally Loaded WordsThe major semantic differences between English and Chinese terms might be grouped as follows:A term in one language does not necessarily have a counterpart in the other language;（干部） ? Words or terms in both languages appear to refer to the same object or concept only on the surface, but actually refer to quite different things;（龙） ? Things or concepts are represented by one or perhaps two terms in one language, but by many more terms in the other language, i.e. finer distinctions exist in the other language;（副） ? Terms have more or less the same primary meaning, but have secondary or additional meanings that may differ considerably from each other. （hustle）Unit 4 Verbal Communication20Unit 4 Verbal Communication01 02 04 05 06Warm-up Cases Culturally Loaded Words03 Cultural Reflections on Proverbs Taboos Differences in Cultural Thought Patterns Exercises03Cultural Reflections on ProverbsProverbs may provide interesting glimpses or clues to a people’s geography, history, social organization, social views,etc. People who live along coasts and whose livelihood is dependent on the sea will definitely have proverbs about sailing, about braving the weather, and about fish and fishing. Nomadic people will have sayings about the desert or pasture, about sheep and horses or camels, and about wolves and jackals. In cultures where old age is revered, there will be proverbs about the wisdom of the elders, and in societie s where women’s status is low, there will be a number of demeaning sayings about woman.Unit 4 Verbal Communication2203Cultural Reflections on ProverbsThe proverbs show the similarities of human experiences and observations 新官上任三把火。
跨文化交际Unit 4(大二英语)PPT课件
Title +Surname
Neutral Relationship Surname +Title
/Situation
Title +Surname Given Name
Close Relationship /Informal Situation
Given Name
Given Name
III. Apologizing
• When to apologize • Who to apologize • How to apologize and how to respond
第20页/共39页
[Case 1] A calls B, but B doesn’t answer the Conversation 1 cal l A: Why didn’t you take upitmhe mphoenedjiuast tneowl?y. Compare the f o l l o w i n g t wo B: I just came in. I was in the office downstairs. c o n ve r s a ti ons . A: Sorr y, I should have phoned your office first.
第2页/共39页
I. Addressing
• A: Teacher Liu, could you come over to our par ty this Saturday? • A: Manager Smith, could I schedule your presentation on our new design for Friday
• Jennifer: I am really sorry for all this. • 此种情景若发生在一个中国家庭？……
跨文化交际实用教程
还是 情胜于理。
In
other societies, people think and express in different ways. This means taking one step back from one’s values and cherished beliefs, which is far from easy.
Taboos
中英表达中共同的忌讳：
1. 人类排泄活动相关的词汇。 E.g. shit/屎 2. 与性或性器官有关的词汇。 E.g. ass/pussy 3. 骂人的词汇、脏话。 E.g. Fuck/son of bitch Think about it: 我们国家或者是其他国家，还有 什么其他言语上的禁忌吗？
Idiom
“Careful
with fire,” is good advice, we know; “Careful with words,” is ten times doubly so.
“A beautiful woman”
For
a desert Arab: 250 pound lovely woman. For an American: slim but big-busted lass. 170 pounds is skinny. For an Italian: 110 pounds is too skinny.
总结起来大家需要知道的：
1、中英词汇及词意并不是一一对应的。
2、从表面看起来相同或相近的词，可能实际
上指的不是一个东西。 3、在一种语言下，一个词汇可能指向多种意 义；而在另外一种语言中，这个词汇可能有着 更多的含义。 4、有的词汇或一些固定表达在一定的基础程 度上会很接近。但在更深层次的下，其意义可 能会有不同
Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际.ppt
a) Each individual are unique. b) Stereotyping. c) Objectivity. d) Communication is not a Cure-all.
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
• Culture is – Transmitted from generation to generation – Learned – Shared – Based on symbols – Dynamic – An intergrated system
Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化 交际
CHAPTER 1
Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
– increased the probability of survival
– satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche
– share with those who could communicate with each other and lived in the same tCommunication:
跨文化交际Unit 4 Verbal Communication
Age
advanced in age seasoned man mature people second childhood senior citizen
???
She has canceled all her social engagements. (1856) She is in an interesting condition. (1880) She is in a delicate condition. (1895) She is knitting little booties. (1910) She is in a family way. (1920) She is expecting. (1935)
economic crisis—depression Slum--substandard housing poor countries: less-developed nations/ emerging nations Poor--less well off/ Economically deprived/needy/disadvantaged
Unit 4 Verbal Communication
Contents
Differences in Cultural Thought Patterns Culturally Loaded Words (Connotations) Cultural Reflections on Proverbs Taboo
Absence of referent
Different Connotations
Beside the lake, beneadancing in the breeze. And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.
Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际.ppt
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• We learned our culture through mass media
• Culture is transmitted from generation to generation
• Culture is based on symbols
• Culture is subjected to change
• Subjective elements include: values, beliefs, attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in the society.
• Basic functions of Culture: adapt to a particular ecology, and includes the knowledge that people need to have in order to function in their own social environment.
• Culture is integrated
• Culture is adaptive
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
跨文化交际实用教程unit4
Verbal Communication
Objectives
Learn the culturally loaded words Learn the cultural reflections on
proverbs Learn taboos Learn the differences in cultural
patterns
III. Summary IV. Assignments
3
I. Warm-up cases
Case 1. Shoes for Street Walking Question : Why did the Italian shop owner
make such a blunder? Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit.
thought patterns
2
CONTENTS
I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:
culturally loaded words cultural reflections on proverbs taboos differences in cultural thought
In China, dogs are insulting languages, meaning being despicable and hateful, so the idioms related to dogs usually has negative meanings, such as 走狗，丧家犬，看门狗，狗急跳墙，狗 仗人势，狼心狗肺，鸡鸣狗盗，蝇营狗苟。
Peacock– In Chinese it is an auspicious bird, so when the peacock spreads it tail, it represents auspiciousness, prosperity and peace. However, in English, peacock usualห้องสมุดไป่ตู้y means being pleased with oneself or showing off oneself, therefore, a person like a peacock suggests that he is as proud as a peacock
跨文化交际unit 4课件
Unit 4 词汇与意义⏹教学内容：⏹（1）词汇的概念意义、内涵意义、社会意义、情感意义和搭配意义。
⏹（2）中英词汇对比⏹基本要求：⏹了解词汇在语言的跨文化交际中的地位，掌握词汇的几种意义，中英语言在词汇方面存在的差别。
重点是词汇的内涵意义及中英词汇的差别。
Importance⏹If we want to study the difference between two languages, we have to begin with the study of the words in the two languages. Because the close relationship between language and culture is most readily seen in words.Section 1 T ypes of meanings⏹1. Conceptual meaning概念意义⏹the basic meaning presented by a word. It refers to logical, cognitive(认知的), referential (指示的), or denotative（外延的）content.⏹also known as surface meaning or denotative meaning外延意义, dictionary meaning or literal meaning字面意义of a word.Features of Conceptual meaning概念意义⏹1. It is the core of the meaning of a word. It is the basic meaning represented by meaningful linguistic units. It‟s recorded in the dictionary.⏹E.g. woman-an adult female human being.⏹Dog-a four-legged animal which can make the sound of barking⏹2. It can be divided into some semantic components(语义成⏹分).⏹Woman: +animate(有生命) +human(人) - male (男性) -adult(成年)I⏹boy：⏹3. It is relatively constant and stable, because it is the meaning agreed upon by all the members of the same speech community.But it may also vary.⏹Manuscript =“手稿” now also including文稿printed from typewriter or computer Note: Many different words can have the same conceptual meaning⏹walk⏹to move forward by placing one foot in front of the other. The newlyweds新婚夫妇strolled down漫步the streets of Paris.⏹The wealthy businessman swaggered大摇大摆地into the restaurant and demanded a table.The overweight man lumbered笨重地行动along, breathing heavily and occasionally tripping.⏹These synonyms, although with different connotative meanings内涵意义, have the same conceptual meaning.The English Words unique in English culture⏹A. words related with geography⏹e.g. New England, Canberra, Northern Ireland, Sydney, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, Quebec, Ottawa,⏹The Thames River, St. Lawrence, British Isles, The Rocky Mountains（落基山脉）, The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,⏹koala, kangaroo, tornado(龙卷风)⏹The Great Barrier Reef, Silicon V alley, Yellowstone Park,⏹Summary：All these have their own geographical features: places, plants and animals uniquely found in USA, Great Britain and Australia; They all represent meaning unique in their own cultures；Their Chinese equivalents are only used by the Chinese people as mere names, which have lost their distinctive geographical and cultural features.The English Words unique in English culture⏹A. words related with geography⏹e.g.⏹U.S.A: New England, The Rocky Mountains,The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,Y ellowstone Park, Silicon V alley⏹Britain: British Isles, Northern Ireland, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, The Thames River, Rose⏹Canada: Ottawa, Quebec, St. Lawrence,⏹Australia: Canberra, Sydney, The Great Barrier Reef, koala, kangaroo⏹B. words and history⏹the May Flower⏹(the ship in which a group of⏹British Puritans who were also⏹known as pilgrim fathers sailed to⏹America in 1620.⏹The revolutionary war⏹( the struggle of the 13 colonies in North America for independence from the British rule between 1775-1783)⏹Scalp(头皮)⏹(to tear the skin on the top and back of head and the hair attached from an enemy by an North American Indian as a trophy战利品)⏹⏹Knight⏹(a man given the rank of knighthood by the British Monarch in recognition of merits in public service)⏹Hippy/Hippie⏹(a young man and young woman who rejects authority, existing institutions and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress, etc.)⏹C. word and politics⏹USA: President, Secretary, Congress, Senate, the House of Representatives, The Democratic Party, The Republican Party, the Supreme Court⏹Great Britain: Parliament议会:the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom. It comprises the sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.议会两院尤指英国由上议院和下议院构成的国家立法机关; Prime Minister, The Conservative Party, The Labour Party, Supreme Court of Judicature司法⏹Governor行政长官⏹the official title of the representative of the British monarch in a British colony.⏹Governor general总督⏹the personal representative of the British crown in the independent nations of the commonwealth.⏹e.g. The Canadian Governor General⏹Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制⏹a monarchy in which the powers of the rulers are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nationD. words and religion⏹Bible⏹a collection of religious books comprising the Old Testament and New Testament⏹reformation:宗教改革⏹a 16th century religious movement against the abuses in the Roman Catholic Church, ending in the formation of Protestant Churches.⏹Christmas box耶诞礼物或礼金⏹money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout the year.⏹Boxing day节礼日⏹the first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in England⏹Easter⏹the chief Christian feast, which celebrates the Resurrection of Christ, on the first Sunday after the full moon that coincides with or comes after the spring equinox.E. words and HolidaysChristmas cake/pudding/card/tree/carol/stockingFather Christmas), Santa Claus(A)⏹F. words and currency⏹Pound, penny; the American dollar, cent, quarter, nickel⏹G. Words and law⏹Court, judge, jury, lawyer, attorney (A)⏹H. Words and way of life⏹Snack Bar, roast beef, hamburger, sandwich, barbecue, cocktail, champagne; pajamas, suite, dress; subway, Greyhound bus; drive-ins, diner,⏹I. words and sports⏹Football, soccer, rugby, hockey, cricket⏹J. words and sex⏹Striptease, sex store, sexual interference, prostitute, whorehouse⏹K. words and personality⏹GB: reserve, practical, insularism偏执⏹USA：individualism, rapid pace of life, direct, promptness, informality, originality, materialism English works partly corresponding with Chinese words in conceptual meaning⏹1. Intellectual--知识分子⏹2. social sciences--社会科学⏹3. drugstore--药店⏹[美]杂货店(出售药物、糖果、饮料,化妆品，杂志及其他杂物的店铺)⏹4. Morning=午夜+凌晨+黎明+早晨+上午⏹5. Y oung(18-40), middle-aged(40-60), old (over 60)-------老中青⏹Discussion: discuss the conceptual differences between the words in each pair⏹yard--院子⏹peasant--农民⏹idealist-唯心主义者⏹materialist--唯物主义者"family" and jiating (家庭)⏹An American (A) attended her Chinese friend's (B) wedding. Two years later, the two met again.⏹A: Have you started a family'!⏹B: Oh, yes. Y ou attended my wedding, remember?⏹A: I mean if you've had children.⏹Here we see that ' family' means more than jiating (家庭) ，though they seem to be equivalents.2. Connotative meaning内涵意义⏹the implication（含义，暗示）of words, apart from its primary meaning.It is the communicative value that an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning. It varies from culture to culture and from individual to individual⏹E.g. Woman⏹Physical: biped(双足的), having a womb(子宫)⏹Personality: gentle, compassionate, sensitive, hard-working, frail脆弱的, emotional, prone to tears, irrational, inconstant变化无常的,subject to maternal instinct, behavior: capable of speech, experienced in cookery, skirt or dress wearing,⏹Dog⏹loyal to owner, fierce凶猛的, violentFeatures of Connotative meaning内涵意义⏹1. Despite cultural background difference, some corresponding words in two languages may convey the same connotative meaning. e.g tiger, 老虎--cruelty⏹E.g. Woman⏹2. words with the same conceptual meaning yet different connotative meaning⏹书, book⏹老，old⏹同志，comrade⏹宣传，propaganda⏹狗，dogConnotative meanings vary according to different people, times, ages, societies etc.⏹E.g. Home: warm, loving, comfortable, safe⏹like a prison, cold, boring⏹终身大事⏹工作？事业？婚姻? 生死？⏹Connotative meaning may change with the times going⏹E.g. traditional: positive in the past⏹―old, conservative‖ at present⏹3. Social meaning社会意义⏹Social meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use, such as the language users( who are using the language), settings (where is language used), topics (what are language users are talking or writing).⏹E.g⏹home (general) , residence (formal), domicile（law）, abode (literature),⏹horse, steed（战马）, nag（老马）,gee-gee（child）⏹throw(general) , cast (literature and religious), chuck(slang)⏹salt, sodium chloride⏹disobedient, recalcitrant反抗的⏹A good selection of words is important.Exercise！⏹Words which stand for what people do in order to make a living: job, vocation, profession, occupation, career, trade, work⏹Profession (an occupation requiring special education, especially in the liberal arts or sciences)所指的职业是需要在文科或理科方面有一定的教育程度，具备一定理论水平的人才的职业。
跨文化交际 Unit4(课堂PPT)
Activity 2 :Footing the bill
早在15世纪，人们便开始使用“foot the bill”这个短
语，但当时指的是把所有的帐目加起来算 出总金额，然后写在帐单的底部（foot of bill or account），foot的意思相当 于bottom。
很显然，这是店家的工作，没消费者什么事。但是 到了19世纪，则轮到消费者"foot the bill"了，因为
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Be sure to avoid:
◆ Giving clocks as gifts ◆ Colors such as white or black ◆ Number four ◆ Sharp objects such as knives, letter openers, or scissors ◆ Giving gifts in odd numbers ◆ Do not brag about your gift in front of the recipient. ◆ A fine writing pen would be a good gift, unless it has red ink.
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Activity 4:
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Chinese never accept offer of drinks or food; westerners do not press their guests to drink or eat.
In China, if a guest is invited to a home, the host will normally serve the guest with some hot tea, and often when the host is making tea, the guest will ask the host not to bother to do so. Even so the host will provide tea for the guest. The behaviour of the host in actively offering and the guest in asking the host not to bother have become conventional and habitual, and are understood as showing politeness and courtesy.
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社会科学
Social Sciences in Chinese covers all the fields except the ones in the natural science and applied sciences. Same as ―the humanities‖ in English. While in English, ―social sciences‖ cover a smaller area of learning. It includes political science, economics, history (often classified under the humanities) and sociology. ----the branches of learning that study human society, especially its organization and relationship of individual members to it.
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Animals in English and Chinese
Owl– In China it has something to do with death, implying being unlucky; in the west, owl relates to cleverness, wiseness, in English a person like an owl suggests that he is as clever as an owl. Peacock– In Chinese it is an auspicious bird, so when the peacock spreads it tail, it represents auspiciousness, prosperity and peace. However, in English, peacock usually means being pleased with oneself or showing off oneself, therefore, a person like a peacock suggests that he is as proud as a peacock
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Can you find the equivalent words in English for these Chinese words?
干部----cadre 母马----female horse?/mare? 扁担---a carrying pole; a shoulder pole 一本书--- a book 知识分子----intellectual 社会科学-social science?/the humanities?
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干部
----a small group of people who are specially chosen and trained for a particular purpose. 骨干队伍 ----a member of this kind of group.干部 In EC, many people don’t know what it means. (not a common word) Some other substitutes: official, functionary, administrator, etc. But none of these gets exact same meaning as Chinese word “干部”.
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Animals in English and Chinese
Dragon--- in Chinese culture, it is a totem with many royal associations, such as 龙颜，龙床， 龙袍， 龙体，龙榻，龙心大喜, 龙颜大怒。And all the Chinese people call themselves to be the offspring of the dragon。 In the English culture, dragon refers to a giant horrible animal like the lizard, meaning being terrible or disgusting. Therefore, in the west a person like a dragon usually implies that he is horrible, vicious and disgusting.
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Interpretation a street walker----- a prostitute to have a fit--------to become suddenly and violently angry or upset
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II. Detailed Study 1.Culturally Loaded Words What is loaded words? Loaded words and phrases are those which have strong emotional overtones (n. 暗示，弦外音，寓意) or connotations (n. 涵义，言外之意), and which evoke strongly positive or negative reactions beyond their literal meaning.
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A dog’s life 争吵不休，过着不安宁的日子 Go to the dogs 每况愈下 Dog-eat-dog 狗咬狗的，损人利己的 Dog in the manger 站着茅坑不拉屎 Dog days 大热天 Doggy bag 餐馆里的打包袋
III. Summary IV. Assignments
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I. Warm-up cases
Case 1. Shoes for Street Walking Question : Why did the Italian shop owner
make such a blunder?
Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit.
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CONTENTS
I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:
culturally loaded words cultural reflections on proverbs
taboos
differences in cultural thought
patterns
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知识分子
In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters. In EC, it refers to people of high academic status (college professors) –much smaller range of people. not always a complimentary term, sometimes used in derogatory sense.
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Owl
In English: as wise as an owl 象猫头鹰一样
聪明 In Chinese: 猫头鹰进宅, 好事不来 bear In English: He is a bear at maths (他是个数 学天才) In Chinese: ―瞧他那个熊样儿”、“真熊”
Unit 4
Verbal Communication
Objectives
Learn the culturally loaded words Learn the cultural reflections on
proverbs Learn taboos Learn the differences in cultural thought patterns
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。
fish In Chinese:
年年有余(鱼)
In English:
a poor fish a loose fish fish in the air
可怜虫 生活放荡的女人 水中捞月
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Please choose the proper animal words for each phrase.
胆小如鼠
狐假虎威 瓮中之鳖
rabbit/chickenhearted an ass in a lion‘s skin like a rat in a hole
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Chinese: 落汤鸡
母老虎（比丈夫强的
English: like a
妻子）
drenched chicken; like a drowned rat grey mare
hare horse snail mouse bee mule
bee as busy as a ______ snail as slow as a ______ mule as stubborn as a ______ hare as timid as a _____ horse as strong as a _____ mouse as poor as a church _____
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Better be the
head of a dog than the tail of a lion.