名词性从句最详讲解及练习习题及标准答案.doc
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名词性从句
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功
能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
1. 连词:that(本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略,但引导主语从句、表
语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略)
whether,if(均表示“是否”)as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
◆以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
2.连接代词: what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever,
which/ whichever. 有词意,在从句中充当主语,宾语,表语,定语等。
3. 连接副词: when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why.有词意,在从句中充当状语。
主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连词 that ,whether ,和连接代词 what,who, which ,whatever , whoever 以及连接副词 how, when,where , why 等词引导。 that 在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当一定的成分。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把
主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下:
用 it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that ⋯事实是⋯
It is an honor that ⋯非常荣幸
It is no wonder that 难怪⋯
(2) It is +形容词+从句
It is natural that ⋯很自然⋯
It is strange that ⋯奇怪的是⋯
(3) It is +不及物动词+从句
It seems that ⋯似乎⋯
It happened that ⋯碰巧⋯
It appears that ⋯似乎⋯
It occurred to me that ⋯我突然想起⋯⋯
(4) It +过去分词+从句
It is reported that ⋯据报道⋯
It has been proved that ⋯已证实⋯
It is said that ⋯据说⋯
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用
拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that⋯
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that⋯
虚
众所周知的几种表达方式
( 1) It is known to us that.
( 2) As is known to us.
( 3) what is known to us is that.
【注意】与强调句结构的区分:It is/was+ It is John that broke the window. 被强调部分 +that/who+ 句子其它部分。是 John 打碎的窗户。(强调句型)
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 ( 及物动词 ) 或介词之后。
I. 位置
1.作动词的宾语
(1)由 that 引导的宾语从句 (that 在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常
被省去,但如果从句是并列句时, 第二个分句前的that不可省。),例如:
I heard that be joined the army.我听说他参军了。
(2)由 what, whether (if)引导的宾语从句,例如:
She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2.作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我之间的合作。
3.作形容词的宾语
I am afraid (that) I ’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
II. it 可以作为形式宾语
1.动词 make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用 it 做形式主语,而将that 宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get-together. 我没去聚餐,感觉非常遗憾。
2. 动词+ it +when / if 从句 . 常见于 appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate,