2019学年高二上学期英语期末复习大串讲：专题06 重难语法详解(强调句和倒装句)(必修5)(解析版)

一、强调句句型
1.陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分
（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当被强调部分指人）+ 其他部分。

e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他是昨天遇到了李平。

2.一般疑问句的强调句型：只是把is/ was提到it前面。

e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?他是昨天遇到了李平吗？
3.特殊疑问句的强调句型：疑问代词或疑问副词+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?你是什么时间在哪里出生的？
二、强调句考察的重点
1. 考查强调句型中的主谓一致
2. 考查强调句型的一般疑问句、特殊疑问句形式
3. 考查not until用于强调句型
4. 考查插入从句的强调句型：命题人会在强调句型中插入定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、插入语等，设置障碍。

5. 考查强调句型与It is long before…; It isn't long before…; It is since…等句型的辨析。

三、倒装句
在英语中，有时为了强调某一部分，或适应一定的语法结构的需要，而把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面。

完全倒装：完全倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。

铃响了。

There goes the bell.
公交车来了。

Here comes the bus.
现在轮到你了。

Now comes your turn.
【全倒1】以here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等表示方位的副词置于句首以示强调，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用：come, go, be, lie, run, rush 等。

此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不用进行时。

【全倒2】在There be (exist、happen、live、appear、lie、occur、seem、come、remain、
stand等)句型中。

【全倒3】表示地点的介词词组在句首时,句子用全部倒装。

【全倒4】表语＋系动词＋主语；表语可以是形容词或分词。

部分倒装：即将be / 助动词/ 情态动词提到主语的前面
Is / am / are / was / were
do / does / did
can / could / would / may / will / might 等
1.含有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时。

如：few, little, never, not, seldom, nowhere, rarely, hardly, in no way ,in no case, at no time, by no means等。

Little does he know about the news.
他对这消息知之甚少。

By no means can he catch up in such a short time.
他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。

2. not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。

只有在连接两个句子且将not only所连接的句子提到句首时，才可用倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。

他不仅这样说了，而且也这样做了。

Not only did he say so, but (also) he did so.
不仅孩子而且成年人也对Harry Potter这部电影感兴趣。

Not only children but also adults are interested in the film Harry Potter.
(注意：当连接主语时不倒装)
3. not until提前时，必须将not until后面的状语从句提前，而不仅仅是not until这两个词；而且倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。

The villagers did not realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.
直到河里所有的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。

→Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
4.在“hardly/scarcely…when－从句”和“no sooner…than－从句”结构中，主句用过去完成时，而从句用一般过去时。

I had hardly got to the airport when the plane took off.
我刚到机场，飞机就起飞了。

→Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.
(注意谓语动词的形式)
5.so/neither/nor 为标志词放在句首；
①表示前面所说的肯定情况，也适合于另一人或物。

so＋be (助动词或情态动词) ＋主语。

— I've got an enormous amount of work to do.
— So have I.
—我有大量的工作要做。

—我也是。

②表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物。

neither (nor) ＋be (助动词或情态动词) ＋主语。

If she doesn't agree to the plan, neither will Tom.
如果她不同意这个计划，汤姆也不同意。

6. only＋状语(或状语从句)＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语其他部分状语可以是副词或介词短语和状语从句。

7.在“so…that”和“such…that”结构中，将“so＋adj.”和“such＋n.”提到句首时,前半句用部分倒装，后半句正常。

So terrible was the storm that the whole roofs were blown off.
暴风雨是如此可怕，整个屋顶都被吹走了。

Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.
杰克是一个聪明的男孩，他能解答所有这些难题。

8.在以often, always, once, many a time（多次;常常）, now and then, 等作状语的频度副词位于句首时。

9.as/though 引导让步状语从句，往往用倒装语序。

通常是表语、状语或动词原形提前，但主谓语序不变。

(1) 表语(形容词/名词)＋as/though ＋主语＋系动词，主句。

【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。

Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study.
尽管父亲年纪大了，他依然坚持学习英语。

(2)副词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语动词，主句。

Much as I have traveled, I've never seen a man as capable as Tom.
虽然我已经去过很多地方，我从来没有见过一个男人像汤姆一样有能力。

(3)动词原形＋as/though ＋主语＋might/may, 主句。

Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulty.
尽管汤姆可能会尝试，但他却无法摆脱困境。

◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late
B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late
D. It was because we were late
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?”“Totally by chance.”
A. it that
B. he that
C. it when
D. he which
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful
B. It, carefully
C. He, careful
D. He, carefully
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?”“It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which
B. as
C. what
D. that
6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that
B. that, which
C. which, which
D. that, where
7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out?
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. in which
8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend?”“Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. while
9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.
A. when
B. that
C. since
D. while
10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.
A. which
B. as
C. that
D. what
【答案与解析】
1.【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句because we were late。

【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构it is [was]…that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的that 不能充当句子成分。

2.【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。

【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
3.【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即
the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。

5.【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填that (即选D)，被强调成分为what he meant rather than what he said。

句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。

6.【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。

【分析】答案选A，第一空填which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句which was built with stones by his father)。

此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。

7.【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。

【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。

因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为at five o’clock用作时间状语。

此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?”
8.【陷阱】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。

【分析】其实此题应选D。

做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。

在此句中，it 是代词，指代the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。

”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。

9.【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。

【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined
于句中插入not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。

◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1.—Who are making so much noise in the garden?
—_______ the children.
A. It is
B. They are
C. That is
D. There are
2. It is _______ he often fails in exams ______ makes his parents worried about him.
A. what; that
B. that; what
C. that; that
D. / ; that
3. It is the protection for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what
B. that
C. 不填
D. which
4. It is _____ my father worked _____ I work now.
A. where, that
B. where, when
C. that, where
D. that, that
5. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you
B. not you
C. you
D. that you
6. It was ten o’clock _____ he came back home.
A. when
B. that
C. since
D. after
7. It was not until he came back _____ he knew the police were looking for him.
A. which
B. since
C. that
D. before
【答案与解析】
1. 【解析】选A。

为强调句型It is the children who are making so much noise 之省略。

2. 【解析】选C。

为强调句型，被强调成分为主语从句that he often fails in exams。

3. 【解析】选B。

为强调句型，句意为“真正重要的在于保护树，而不在于种多少树”。

4. 【解析】选A，整个句子为it was … that …格式的强调句式，即第二空要填that；第一空填where，。