高考英语语法讲义

合集下载

高考英语语法专题复习讲义-非谓语动词

第二章非谓语动词一、考点聚焦2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。

不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。

His job is to guard.(说明内容)be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。

下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire 等。

下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。

（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。

①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have 等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。

②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语+ ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.③主语+ think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done④主语+ call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。

①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、cou rage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。

2025届高考英语语法复习-动词的分类知识讲解讲义

高考英语语法复习动词的分类知识讲解cry 哭泣disappear 消失go 走，趋于live 生存，居住rise 上升，增强shiver 颤抖，哆嗦sparkle 闪耀appear 出现decay 衰退exist 存在happen 发生occur 发生，出现roar 咆哮，喧闹sigh 叹息swim 游泳arise 出现，产生deteriorate 恶化fall 落下hesitate 犹豫scream 尖叫sit 坐，位于travel 旅行collapse 倒塌die 死亡flow 流动laugh 笑quiver 颤抖smile 微笑sneeze 打喷嚏lie 躺，位于，说谎age （使）成熟，变老break 打破（记录）close 关闭，结束decrease 减少，减小end 结束，终止grow 种植，生长meet 满足，对付；相遇shake 动摇，发抖spread 散布，铺开，传播stop 断绝，停止widen 加宽，变宽begin （使）开始burn 烧毁，燃烧continue （使）继续double （使）加倍finish 完成，终结improve 改善，加强open 打开，开始show 演示，说明；显示stand 忍受，抵抗；站立tear 撕毁，流泪stretch （使）伸展；使用，消耗boil （使）蒸发，沸腾change （使）改变cook 烹饪，做菜dry 弄干，变干fly 使飘扬，飞行increase 增加run 经营，运转slow 放慢，阻碍，变慢start 启动，出发turn 使旋转，转动。

2025届高考英语语法复习一般过去时知识讲解讲义

高考英语一般过去时知识讲解一、结构和用法在英语学习中，时态的掌握是至关重要的一环。

其中，一般过去时作为描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态的时态，具有其独特的结构和用法。

（一）一般过去时的结构1、肯定形式结构：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他例句：She went to the park yesterday.她昨天去了公园。

规则动词过去式的构成：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed，如：look looked。

以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed，如：live lived。

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop stopped。

末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed，如：study studied。

2、否定形式结构1：主语 + was/were + not + 其他(be动词的否定)例句：He wasn't at home this morning.他今天早上没在家。

结构2：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他(行为动词的否定)例句：I didn't know you like coffee.我之前不知道你喜欢喝咖啡。

3、一般疑问句结构1：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例句：Did you go to Beijing last week? 你们上周去北京了吗?结构2：Was/Were + 主语 + 表语?例句：Were you a student 10 years ago?10年前你是学生吗?4、一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成结构：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例句：What did you do last night?昨天晚上你做了什么?常见的特殊疑问词有：who, what, whose, which, when, where, why, how, how long, how much等。

高中英语2025届高考语法复习句法知识讲解(主谓一致+动词时态+助动词)

高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中，谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。

比如，你、我、他是学生，中文“是”字是一样的，只有主语不同。

英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变：I am，you are，he is。

主谓一致有三大原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致。

（一）语法一致名词是单数，谓语动词是单数。

不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词也用单数。

Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。

The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。

记住：绝大多数都用单数，只有明确的复数名词，谓语动词才用复数。

My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。

The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。

鞋、裤子、眼镜，只能是复数，如果前面加上“一双”“一条”，后面的动词就是单数。

A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。

要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数，一定要准确锁定主语。

All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然，all才是真正的主语，所以是复数。

She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里，She才是真正的主语，所以是单数。

"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

例如：More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。

高考英语一轮复习语法总结讲义

一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。

(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。

(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。

如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。

如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时,如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。

2023届高考英语语法连系动词后接不定式及常考连系动词讲义

2023年高中英语语法精讲：连系动词后接不定式及常考连系动词关于连系动词后接不定式■连系动词be 后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。

All you have to do is to listen. 你只需要听。

■seem, appear, prove, turn out, grow 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)短语作表语：The man seemed to be ill. 这个人好像病了。

The plan proved to be useful. 这个计划证明是有用的。

He appears to know this. 他好像知道这一点。

The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。

He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。

若所接不定式为to be，通常可以省略。

■sound, smell, feel, taste, become 等连系动词后通常不能接不定式：误：These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉to be)误：The roses smell to be nice. (应去掉to be)连系动词look后有时也可接to be，但以省略to be 为普通。

关于副词用作表语原则上说，连系动词后接形容词作表语，不接副词作表语。

如：误：His English is very well. 他的英语很好。

(应将well 改为good)误：Be carefully. 小心点。

(应将carefully 改为careful)误：The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。

(应将nicely 改为nice)但是，有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语，这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs 等少数表示地点或方位的副词：Is your mother in? 你母亲在家吗？Everyone is here now. 现在大家都到齐了。

2023届高考英语语法：虚拟语气讲义

虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。

一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。

高考英语语法精讲强调句句型考点讲义

2024年高考英语语法精讲：强调句句型+考点一、强调句型1. 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。

It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2. 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。

e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4. 强调句成分：例如针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。

强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5. 注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that， who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that，who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。

原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ……，其余的时态用It is …… .二、not … until …句型的强调句1. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2. 注意：此句型只用until，不用till.但如果不是强调句型，till， until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not ……已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

高考英语复习语法知识讲解讲义(5种基本句型4种句子成分)

高考英语基本句型英语中常见的句型有以下五种：1、主语 + 谓语2、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语3、主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语4、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语5、主语 + 谓语（系动词）+ 表语一、主谓结构I write、（我写字）You smile、（你微笑）He leaves、（他离开了）She dances、（她跳舞）The river floods、（河水泛滥）The accident happened、（那场事故发生了）某人（或事物）做某事，其中某人（或事物）是动作或行为的发起者，我们称其为主语，后面的动作或行为我们称之为谓语。

二、主谓宾结构I write a letter.You leave your home.He goes to school.She beats me.The flood destroys many houses.The accident causes 2 deaths.上述句子的共同点在于除了表示某人（或事物）做某事之外，还牵涉了另一个人（或事物），这个人（或事物）作为动作或行为的承受者，我们称其为宾语。

三、主谓+双宾结构I write you a letter.His father left him a lot of money.He bought me a new phone.She told me the truth.The government gave him a new mission.在主谓宾结构之外，上述句子又增加了一个人（或事物）作为动作的承受者，也就是又一个宾语。

也可以改写为：I wrote a letter to you.His father left a lot of money to him.He bought a new phone for me.She told the truth to me.The government gave a new mission to him.可以看到，这样调整之后句子的前半部分仍然是完整的主谓宾结构。

2023届高考英语语法之辨别英语时态与特殊的变化形式讲义

2023年高中英语语法之辨别英语时态与特殊的变化形式如何辨别英语时态一、根据时间状语与时态的对应关系动词特定的时态常常与特定的时间状语联系在一起，如由this time yesterday可知用过去进行时；由so far, in the past three years, till now可知要用完成时，等等。

1、句中含有yesterday; last year（last + 具体时间）; two days ago（一段时间 + ago）; just now; this morning; in 2008（in + 过去的年代）; the other day; over the weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般过去时；2、句中含有tomorrow; next week（next +具体时间）; in two hours（in +一段时间）; (how) soon; from now on; 10 years from now（一段时间+from now）; in the future; in 2012（in +将来的年代）; by (the end of) next month（by+将来时间）; for the weekend; this afternoon; this evening; tonight; this weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般将来时；3、句中既有yesterday等过去时间状语，又有一个具体时间点（at 5:00; this time; at that time）时，谓语动词用过去进行时；4、句中含有recently; in the last/past two years（in the last/past+一段时间）; over the years（over the+一段时间）; since 2005（since+具体时间或从句）; for two years（for+一段时间，句中无其它时间状语）; before（单独用于句尾）等时间状语时，谓语动词用现在完成时；5、by (the end of) last year（by+过去时间）; two days before （一段时间+before）; for和since说明的时间同时用于句中;by the time + 从句（过去时态）等时间状语时，谓语动词用过去完成时；6、简单句中如不含上述时间状语或有含说话时间在内的表示现在时间关系的词语时（如now; today; these days等词）解析：由时间状语at this time tomorrow可知用将来进行时，故选B。

2025届高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解讲义

高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。

（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。

上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。

总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。

（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解不同情况条件从句谓语主句谓语使用场景与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+should/would/could/might+have done既然是过去了，那么谈到的一切情况都已既成事实，所以过去虚拟表达的是一个与过去事实相反的情形与现在事实相反If+主语+did(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+do既可能是事实，也可能是假设条件。

因此，假设条件句和事实相反句适用于谈现在的情况与将来事实相反If+主语+ did(be动词用were)If+主语+ wereto + doIf+主语+should+ do主语+should/would/could/might+do对于将来时间的虚拟不可能以事实为基础，而只能是表达说话人的一个设想或愿望。

所以，对于将来的虚拟只适用于假设条件句，而不可能表达一个与事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。

（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。

2023届高考英语重点语法总结复习讲义

高三重点语法总结复习1.the same...that... 和...一样We don’t have the samework hours that office workers in the city office have.2.so+adj/adv+that; such+n+that;如此...以至于〔结果状从〕The newlybuilt stadium is so big that it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.倒装变式;So big is the newlybuilt stadium that it can hold all the teachers and students.3.so that以便...,目的是...〔缘由状从〕I read more books so that I can catch up with my classmates.4.be doing ...when正在做某事...突然She was walking along the bank of the river when she heard a cry for help.5.with/make /leave+宾语+宾补With the current world conditions forcing us to stay longer indoors,you’ve likely tried to pick up a new skill.We should take effective measures to ptotect our planet,making it a more beautiful place.6.when/while/if/as+adj/非谓语〔状语从句的省略：当从句的主语和主句的主语全都或从句的主语为it时，且从句的谓语动词含有be动词时，可以把从句中的主语和be动词一起省去〕While+doing; if possible/necessary; as planned/shecduled/arrangedTwo years later.the worker was caught in Italy when trying to selling the painting.7.祈使句+and+陈述句;表示承接8 祈使句+or+陈述句；表示转折Give me a challenge,and I’ll meet it with joy.Please e here,and you will interested in papercuting.8.It is said that=Sb/Sth is said to do 〔据说句型，从句和不定式的相互转化〕On this day,the moon is said to be its biggest and brightest.On this day,it is said that the moon is biggest and brightest.9.be+adj+to dois easy to do;is hard to doAlthough the work was not easy to do,we felt happy and satisfied.10.表示方位的介词短语或表示时间，地点，方位的副词放于句首时，句子要半倒装常见的有：among;then ;inUnder the big tree was sitting an old farmer.11.常见的主语从句的四种类型：It is +adj+thatIt is +过去分词+thatIt is +名词短语+thatIt is +不及物动词〔happen,occur,appear,seem...〕+thatIt is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the internet.12.I t+现在完成时+since+一般过去时；“自从...已经有多长时间了〞It has been two weeks since you went back home.13.n ot..until“知道...才〞Not until I received your last letter did I learn your keen interest in Chinese culture. 14.w hether...or“无论是...还是〞If he is out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.15.否认词+比拟级“表示最高级〞Nothing is more difficult than that.16.c an not/never/hardly be too +adjcan not/never/hardly be adj+enough “再...也不为过〞You can never be too careful when you cross the road.17.I t is/was...who/that...强调句.I know it is one of chinese traditional art formspapercutting that you are interested in.So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it.The more you know about papercutting,the better you will love it.18.t hat引导的同位语结构某些抽象名词后，如：fact,hope,idea,news,belief，sign等后，常跟that引导的同位语从句There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.There are no signs that Tom was a rich man.19.b e of +adj+n=be of +adjbe of great value=be valuable; be of great help=be helpfulbe of great significance=be significant; be of great benefit=be beneficialI do hope these suggestions above will be of some help to you.20.a s long as“只要；引导条件状语从句〞This proves that as long as we have a strong will ,we’ll be able to get over any difficulty.21.h ave a difficult 〔in〕doing sth“有一段困难的时间〞I had a difficult time 〔in〕adjusting to the learning environment when I first entered the new school.22.t he last time“上次〞引导时间状语从句，不和when连用I still remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.23.t hat’s why“那就是为什么...〞that’s because“那是由于〞That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.Form the space,the earth looks blue. This is because about sevenone percent of its surface is covered by water.24.T he reason why...is that...“...的缘由是...〞The reason why I show respect for her is that she never loss temper instead always encourage me.25.t he +比拟级，the+比拟级“越...越〞The more you give,the more you will get.〔付出越多，收获越多〕26.t he moment“一...就〞引导时间状语从句Generally speaking,we are busy reviewing and preparing for the College EntranceExamination the moment we enter senior three.27.n ot...but...“不是...而是〞V oters sometimes feel annoyed,not because they hate voting,but because they don’t like being forced to do so.28.I t’s high time that sb +一般过去时/should +动词原形“到了该做某事的时间了〞It/This/That is/was the+序数词time that sb+现在完成时/过去完成时某人第几次做某事It’s high time that we devoted /should devote ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.It’s the second time that I have been to Shanghai.29.s o所引导的倒装句：so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语Tom likes to keep pets and so does his wife.〔汤姆喜爱养宠物，他妻子也一样〕30.g et+过去分词31.N o sooner +过去完成时+thanhardly+过去完成时+when“一...就〞No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.32.m ake用法make sb do sth让某人做某事;sb be made to do sth被人被要求做某事make it +adjmake oneself doneThe boss made the worker do the work all day.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more convinent. She managed to make herself understood in English.。

高考英语语法知识讲解(同位语和插入语+主补和宾补+系动词和实义动词)+讲义

高考英语语法知识讲解一、同位语和插入语（1）同位语（Appositive）：1）定义对名词或代词作进一步的解释，与前面的名词或代词指代同一事物，在句中充当相同的语法成分，在语法上处于同一地位，故称为同位语。

它可以是单词、短语或从句。

2）例句My friend, Li Li, is coming to the party.(我的朋友李丽要来参加聚会。

)The book, Pride and Prejudice, is a classic novel.(《傲慢与偏见》是一部经典小说。

) The teacher, Mr.Smith, is very kind.(史密斯老师非常好心。

)如果是从句作同位语，那么就称为同位语从句，是名词从句的一种。

The question "what are things made of?" is answered differently by different kinds of scientists.(物质由什么构成的问题，不同的科学家就有不同的答案。

)（2）插入语（Parenthesis）：1）定义插入语是说话者对所表达意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度，其位置灵活，常常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开，并且在语法上不影响其他成分，能使语言连贯、地道。

插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，所以插入语在句中不充当任何语法成分。

插入语通常用逗号与句子隔开。

插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

恰当使用插入语，可以给文章增色不少。

2）例句Frankly, I don't think he is right.(坦白说，我认为他不对。

)Unfortunately, we missed the train.(不幸的是，我们错过了火车。

)To my surprise, she won the first prize.(令我惊讶的是，她赢得了第一名。

)（3）二者区别：1）相同点：同位语和插入语都是为句子提供额外信息。

2023届高考英语基础语法谓语动词的讲义

课程主题：谓语动词学习目标掌握谓语动词的基本用法。

结合高考真题及模拟题分析谓语动词的考点。

教学内容【知识梳理】考点一动词的时态动词各种时态的形式(以do为例) ，加粗的为课标要求掌握的十大时态，其余了解即可。

一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去did was/were doing had done had been doing将来will/shall do will/shall bedoingwill/shall havedonewill/shall have beendoing过去将来would/shoulddowould/should bedoingwould/shouldhave donewould/should havebeen doing一、一般现在时 (do/does)1.表示经常或习惯性的动作，常与表频率的时间状语连用；也可表示现时的情况或状态等。

例1 New year in Chinese people’s eyes means a family reunion. Every year_sees_(see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world’s population travels home to celebrate with their families.2.表示观事实、普遍真理，不受主句的时态限制。

例2 The geography teacher told his students that the earth _moves_ (move)around the sun.3.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

例3 My mother will be very angry with me when she _finds_ (find) out I’m lying.二、一般过去时(did)1.表示过去某个特定时间或某段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态。

2024届高考英语基础语法复习之表语从句与主语从句+讲义

2024年高考英语基础语法复习之表语从句与主语从句表语从句是复合句中充当表语的从句，作用是说明主语是什么。

它可以由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当表语的成分。

常见的引导表语从句的从属连词有when,where,why,who,how,that等。

需要注意的是，表语从句属于名词性从句，只是表语的其中一种情况--由名词充当表语。

例如: The weather is sunny today.今天天气很晴朗。

I don't know where to go for a walk.我不知道去哪里散步。

She asked who the teacher was.她问那个老师是谁。

They are happy that they will be going on vacation soon.他们很开心因为他们很快就要去旅行了。

需要注意的是，当表语从句由连词that引导时，表语从句可以作为宾语从句或同位语从句出现。

例如：That she passed the test is impressive.她通过考试了，这令人印象深刻。

That he likes to play basketball shows his interest in sports.他喜欢打篮球表明他对运动感兴趣。

表语从句的特点:表语从句作为整个句子的补充说明，用来说明主语的性质或状态。

表语从句通常出现在主句之后，作为补充说明。

表语从句通常由连词、关系代词或副词引导。

表语从句的类型有名词性表语从句、形容词性表语从句和副词性表语从句。

表语从句在句子中起到谓语的作用，用来表示主语的性质或状态。

表语从句有哪些常见的应用场景?表语从句在英语语法中起着重要的作用，它可以用来说明主语的性质或状态。

表语从句常见的应用场景包括:当主语是抽象名词时，如love, friendship等，这时需要通过表语从句来进一步说明主语的含义。

例如:The love between parents and children is unique. (父母与孩子之间的爱是独特的。

上海高考英语整理知识点讲义完整版

上海高考英语整理知识点讲义完整版一、语法知识点1.时态和语态-一般现在时：表示客观真理、经常性动作、固定事实、感观动词等-一般过去时：表示过去的状态、动作或经历，不能与表示现在的时间状语连用-现在进行时：表示现在进行的动作-现在完成时：表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，强调对现在的影响或结果-一般将来时：将来一些时间要发生的动作或存在的状态-被动语态：强调动作的承受者，通常由主动句主语变为被动句的宾语2.语法结构-倒装：将助动词、情态动词或是部分动词放在主语之前-强调句：将句子中特殊的成分放在句首，用来加强语气-比较级和最高级：比较级表示两者之间的比较，最高级表示三者或三者以上中的比较-名词性从句：由连接词引导的从句，在句中担任名词的成分3.名词和代词-可数名词和不可数名词：可数名词可用单数和复数形式，不可数名词只能用单数形式-人称代词：主格和宾格代词分别用于主语和宾语的位置-物主代词：表示所有的关系-不定代词：用来指代不明确的人或物4.语态和语气-情态动词：用来表示说话者的情绪、态度或劝告、推测、建议等-系动词和表语：系动词用来连接主语和表语，表语可以是名词、形容词、副词或介词短语- 虚拟语气：表示与现在事实相反或与过去事实相反的情况，常用if引导的条件句5.介词短语和副词短语-介词短语：介词+名词/代词等短语，修饰其他词性的成分-副词短语：由副词组成的短语，修饰动词、形容词和副词二、词汇知识点1.词义辨析-同义词和近义词：语义相近的词语-异义词：同音或是同形但含义不同的词语-词组和习语：固定的词汇搭配，整体意义不可推测2.词根和词缀-词根：词语的基本部分，对词义有一定影响-词缀：词组成部分，用来改变词的词类或词义3.短语和固定搭配-动词短语：动词+副词/介词构成的短语-名词短语：名词+介词/形容词构成的短语-固定搭配：固定的词语搭配，无法通过词义推测4.冠词和限定词-限定词：修饰名词的词语，包括冠词、指示代词、物主代词、疑问代词等三、阅读理解1.文章类型。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

高考语法讲义一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式:He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语将要发生2）不定式做状语目的3）不定式充当名词功能To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good;It feels comfortable.2)使役动词have bid make let等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.3)help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do,cause sb to do,permit sb to do,enable sb to doforce sb to do.be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do.begin to do.start to doWe agreed_______here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET1995）A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met（Key：C）五)有的时候to后面要接ing形式accustom(oneself)to;be accustomed to;face up to;in addition to;look forward to;object to;be reduced to;resign oneself to;be resigned to;resort to;sink to;be used to;be alternative to;be close/closeness to;be dedication/dedicated to;be opposition/opposed to;besimilarity/similar to.三、need/want后的ing形式具有被动的意思。

其中，want不太常用。

He needs(a lot of)encouraging.二.动名词：具有动作性特征的名词1)是名词seeing is believing2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语starving troops is necessary.一)动名词的形式:一般形式：I don't like you smoking.完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.被动形式：This question is far from being settled.二)动名词常考的点1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.I would appreciate_______back this afternoon．（MET1992）A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling也对）I regret not having taken your advice.4)有些词后只能接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;it entails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feel like;finish;forgive;can't help;hinder;imagine;it involves;keep;it means;mention;mind;miss;it necessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...另外还有一些接ing形式的常用说法：it's no good;it's no/little/hardly any/use;it's not/hardly/scarcely use;it's worthwhile;spend money/time;there's no;there's no point in;there's nothing worse than;what's theuse/point...5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,cease,mean后面用不定式和ing形式，意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来的动作)I remembered posting/having posting the letters(我记得这个动作)forgot与remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that…我很遗憾地通知你…I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。

try to努力You really must try to overcome your shyness.try–ing试验Try practicing five hours a day.I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.[打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.[意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法：我宁愿在这里等。

I prefer to wait here.（所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。

）I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。

）I prefer swimming to cycling.（这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。

）—The light in the office is still on．—Oh，I forgot_______．（MET1991）A．turning it off B．turn it off C．to turn it off D．having turned it off（Key：C）—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．—Well，now I regret_______that．（NMET1995）A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done（Key：D）3分词：现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态现在分词的形式:1)一般式:Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）?(与谓语动词同步发生)2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations,they failed.(发生谓语动词之前)3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted,the script seems perfect.(发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)过去分词1)过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(强调正在被做)这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。

独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二：虚拟语气和情态动词情态动词的基本用法及其区别最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。

情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。

对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。